CN104496601A - Method for preparing organic humus soil - Google Patents
Method for preparing organic humus soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN104496601A CN104496601A CN201410774250.0A CN201410774250A CN104496601A CN 104496601 A CN104496601 A CN 104496601A CN 201410774250 A CN201410774250 A CN 201410774250A CN 104496601 A CN104496601 A CN 104496601A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing organic humus soil, belonging to the technical field of gardening cultivation. The organic humus soil is prepared from an old agaricus bisporus weed and soil mixture, fermented cassava dregs, humus soil in bamboo forests and plant ashes in a mixing manner. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, composting, thoroughly decomposing, and fermenting the cassava dregs with a fermenting agent containing beneficial microorganisms; respectively airing the old agaricus bisporus weed and soil mixture and the composted and fermented mixed organic materials of the fermented cassava dregs, and crushing the processed materials into grains being below 5mm; adding the humus soil in bamboo forests and the plant ashes; fully stirring the raw and auxiliary materials, and mixing evenly; and bagging, weighing, packaging and warehousing. The organic humus soil produced by the method adopts loose texture, contains high nutrients, and can be applied to urban and garden greening by replacing turf, nutrient soil, growing substrates and humus soil in mountain forests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of making method of afforestation Nutrition Soil, particularly relate to a kind of organic making method humous, belong to technical field of gardening.
Background technology
In city and afforestation, Nutrition Soil (matrix) is most widely used material, and except the quality of greening seedling own, it is the factor had the greatest impact to greening surviving rate.The root system that it is not only nursery stock plays fixed action, and can directly for root system new after Nursery stock transplanting provides nutrient.Along with city and afforestation area constantly increase, all kinds of greening nutritive soil (matrix) product innovation constantly occurs.
Vegetable mould is bamboo plantation, orchard, the woods and massif are fallen leaves throughout the year and rotted to permeate the soil formed in earth.The advantage of this soil is that organic content is high, is conducive to the procreation of fungal component; Nutritious and in subacidity, be well suited for cultivating green nursery stock.But humous ventilative, drainability is slightly poor must be transformed.
Existing domestic matrix production unit is mainly using vermiculite, perlite, mud (grass) charcoal and animal excrement, reed, Chinese medicine slag, acid-sludge etc. as raw material production afforesting matrix, but mud (grass) charcoal originates in northeast, and resource is tight, can not regenerate, the enterprise in Jiangsu uses peat cost very high; The content of cellulose such as reed, Chinese medicine slag, acid-sludge are high, and organic nutrient is not enough; Although animal excrement are nutritious, there is the deficiencies such as quantity is few, collection difficulty, can not use in a large number; Vegetable mould is one of best Nutrition Soil of cultivating green, but its gather, processing difficulties, be difficult to meet need of production.Chinese patent CN 101811911A discloses the patent application scheme that Zhenjiang Heng Xin fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. leaf has big grade " a kind of greening matrix and production technique thereof utilizing the production of vinegar grain "; and specifically disclose with vinegar grain, plant ash as raw material; by fermentation; add 6-8% vermiculite again, the perlite of 10-15, the mushroom slag of 15-20% carry out Secondary Fermentation; obtain organic content and be not less than 20%, EC value 1-3, pH5.5-6.5; ventilative space 25%, the particle matrix in water holding space 50%.This matrix is mainly used in urban landscaping, shade tree etc., document retrieval finds, with old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, the organic waste such as manioc waste through fermentation reactor system process is main raw material, and the organic vegetable mould being auxiliary material production with bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould etc. is domestic there is not yet relevant report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide one with old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, fermentation cassava slag for main raw material, with bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash for auxiliary material, produce organic technical scheme humous.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
A kind of organic making method humous, organic vegetable mould is by old Twospore Mushroom sward compound and fermentation cassava slag, form with bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash mixed preparing, it is characterized in that: the method is first adopted by manioc waste to carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing containing beneficial microorganism fermenting agent, then by old Twospore Mushroom sward compound and through fermentation reactor system process the airing respectively of fermentation cassava slag organic materials, be ground into below 5mm particle; Add bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash again; Then these raw and auxiliary materials are fully stirred, Homogeneous phase mixing, then pack, weigh, pack warehouse-in; Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material: collect old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, manioc waste is main raw material, and carries out airing, grinding and processing process respectively; Collect bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash as auxiliary material.
2) organic vegetable mould parts by volume composition of raw materials is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 4-6 part, fermentation cassava slag 2-3 part, plant ash 0.5-1 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 1-2 part.
3) processing treatment of old Twospore Mushroom sward compound: select nature composting more than 1 year and old Twospore Mushroom sward compound through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, the brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials utilizing daylight to dry, obtain after mechanical disintegration processing treatment, sward volume ratio is 3-5:1.
4) manioc waste fermentative processing:
1. physical and chemical index is adjusted: manioc waste raw material must adjust pH, C/N, EC value, water-content indicator before pre-treatment;
2. feed intake and build heap: manioc waste is dropped into fermentation reactor system pre-treatment in fermenter, stack degree of depth 1-1.2m; Or be placed directly in sunlight board lew cement fermentation place on heap make wide 1-2m, the heap of high 0.8-1.2m, length 5-30m carries out fermentation reactor system pre-treatment; Described fermentation flute length 50-150m, wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, and groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness; Described sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, and top is the sunlight board of good transmittance, canopy height 3-4m, long 20-60m, the cement flooring of wide 10-30m, 15cm thickness;
3. inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum: manioc waste puts fermenter or cement fermented field pre-treatment after 3-5 days, must add the rotten microbial inoculum of high temperature speed and carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to it, and fermenting agent and manioc waste fully be mixed; Do not have the fermenter of awning will cover sun-shading rainproof material;
4. measure temperature: by after step 4)-3. add high temperature quick rotting agent, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at every morning 9:00-10:30 and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermenter or heap survey 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out first time turning when adding the rotten microbial inoculum of high temperature speed, later turning frequency must according to season, and adopt " time to not isothermal; temperature is not to when waiting " principle, namely ferment in one week, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoid the formation of anaerobic environment, especially summer; After one week, temperature will stablize rising, and under normal circumstances, every other day turning once; Once temperature is more than 55 DEG C, necessary turning in time; When temperature is at 68-70 DEG C or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Thermophilic fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning needs to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content control is at 55-65%;
6. discharging process: when the color of manioc waste fermentation materials becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with envrionment temperature, odorless, has obvious fermenting aroma, reaching after ferment effect just can discharging, dry, pulverize, enter next step after process of sieving.
5) processing treatment of bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash: will the vegetable mould of bamboo plantation, orchard, forest land, massif be taken from, dry, Pesticidal and sterilizing, pulverize, the solid particulate that is processed into below granularity 3mm of sieving is for subsequent use; Plant ash is pulverized, to be screened into particle diameter 0-2mm granule materials for subsequent use.
6) major ingredient auxiliary material mixing: by step 3), 4) and 5) obtain and drying, pulverize, sieve after raw and auxiliary material mix by formula rate, fully after stirring, Homogeneous phase mixing organic vegetable mould; This organic vegetable mould N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 2-3%, organic content>=25%, water content 30-45%, total porosity 65-85%, unit weight 0.5-0.8g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2-4, EC value be 1-2.5mS/cm, pH is 5.8-7.0, particle diameter 0-5mm, and wherein 2-3mm accounts for 50-60%; This organic vegetable mould is outward appearance chocolate or auburn particulate solid material, free from extraneous odour.
7) pack, weigh and packaging: by the organic vegetable mould of finished product mixed, quantitatively load woven bag, weigh, pack, seal after send into warehouse.
The mushroom culture medium that described old Twospore Mushroom sward compound is is main raw material with rice wheat straw, the organic waste material stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, it contains abundant mushroom mycelium activeconstituents, nature composting more than 1 year and through degraded of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, recycling sunlight exposure, killing ova and harmful microorganism, again through mechanical disintegration process, sieve after the Vandyke brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials that obtains, sward volume ratio is 3-5:1.
Described manioc waste is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, water content 55-65%; Described fermentation cassava slag is through the manioc waste organic materials of abundant fermentation maturity process; Described fermentation maturity carries out abundant decomposition reactor system fermentative processing with quick rotting agent to manioc waste, and the composting time is 40-60 days, according to season and the suitably adjustment of temperature height; Described quick rotting agent is pulvis, containing a large amount of beneficial microorganism, is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 50-60kg.
Described bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould is the vegetable mould taking from bamboo plantation, orchard, forest land, and its organic content is high, the solid particle material after drying, pulverize, sieve processing, granularity 0-3mm; Described plant ash is stalk, trees, the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving that stay after weeds organic compound combustion, particle diameter 0-2mm, it is containing enriching potassium element and a small amount of boron, aluminium, manganese microelement, and its alkalescence is higher, for regulating organic potential of hydrogen humous.
Step 4)-1. described physical and chemical index: pH5-7.5, C/N30-40:1, EC value 3-4.5 mS/cm, water content 60-75%.
This organic vegetable mould preferred volume components ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 5 parts, fermentation cassava slag 2.5 parts, plant ash 0.5 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 2 parts.
The another kind of volume components ratio of this organic vegetable mould is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 4 parts, fermentation cassava slag 3 parts, plant ash 1 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 2 parts.
The another kind of volume components ratio of this organic vegetable mould is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 6 parts, fermentation cassava slag 2 parts, plant ash 1 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 1 part.
The preferred physical and chemical index of this organic vegetable mould is: N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3%, organic content 35%, water content 35%, total porosity 75%, unit weight 0.6g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, EC value be 1.5mS/cm, pH is 6.5, particle diameter 0.1-3mm, and wherein 1-2mm accounts for 50-60%; Outward appearance is brown particles shape solid materials darkly, free from extraneous odour.
The described manioc waste fermentation maturity composting treatment time is 45 days.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, manioc waste etc. are all organic wastes, quantity is many, purposes is few, with non-renewable raw material resources and most of mountain forest vegetable mould such as its alternative mud (grass) charcoals, for the production of the organic vegetable mould of afforestation, not only can reduce the environmental pollution of waste, turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good, and can solve mountain forest vegetable mould fetch earth difficulty, the deficiency of need of production can not be met.
2, the present invention by coarse size any Twospore Mushroom sward compound and the thinner mix and match such as manioc waste, plant ash of granularity, make the existing retentiveness of organic vegetable mould have again ventilation property, overcome the deficiency of acid-sludge retentiveness difference.Meanwhile, the higher plant ash of alkalescence is used to be auxiliary material, not only can the potential of hydrogen of buffer matrix, and its potassium content is higher, also has abundant trace element, is well suited for growing of nursery stock.
3, the present invention adds the larger solid particle material of the proportions such as bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould in organic materials, changes the physics and chemistry present situation of organic nutrient soil, creates good result of use, water not floating, solves existing afforesting matrix and to water floating trickling problem.
4, organic vegetable mould of the present invention's production, quality is loosened, and nutrient is comprehensive, can be widely used in city and afforestation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, illustrate the present invention further, this embodiment should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
embodiment 1:
A kind of organic making method humous, organic vegetable mould is by old Twospore Mushroom sward compound and fermentation cassava slag, forms with bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash mixed preparing.The mushroom culture medium that wherein old Twospore Mushroom sward compound is is main raw material with rice wheat straw, the organic waste material stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, it contains abundant mushroom mycelium activeconstituents, nature composting more than 1 year and through degraded of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, recycling sunlight exposure, killing ova and harmful microorganism, again through mechanical disintegration process, sieve after the Vandyke brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials that obtains, sward volume ratio is 4:1.Manioc waste is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, water content 55-65%; Fermentation cassava slag is through the manioc waste organic materials of abundant fermentation maturity process; Fermentation maturity carries out abundant decomposition reactor system fermentative processing with quick rotting agent to manioc waste, and the composting time is about 45 days, suitably can adjust according to season and temperature; Quick rotting agent is pulvis, containing a large amount of beneficial microorganism, is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 55kg.Wherein bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould is the vegetable mould taking from bamboo plantation, orchard, forest land, and its organic content is high, the solid particle material after drying, pulverize, sieve processing, granularity 0-3mm; Plant ash is stalk, trees, the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving that stay after weeds organic compound combustion, particle diameter 0-2mm, it is containing enriching potassium element and a small amount of boron, aluminium, manganese microelement, and its alkalescence is higher, for regulating organic potential of hydrogen humous.
The method is first adopted by manioc waste to carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing containing beneficial microorganism fermenting agent, then by old Twospore Mushroom sward compound and through fermentation reactor system process the airing respectively of fermentation cassava slag organic materials, be ground into below 5mm particle; Add bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash again; Then these raw and auxiliary materials are fully stirred, Homogeneous phase mixing, then pack, weigh, pack warehouse-in; Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material: collect old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, manioc waste is main raw material, and carries out airing, grinding and processing process respectively; Collect bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash as auxiliary material.
2) this organic vegetable mould preferred volume components ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 5 parts, fermentation cassava slag 2.5 parts, plant ash 0.5 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 2 parts.
3) processing treatment of old Twospore Mushroom sward compound: the brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials selected nature composting more than 1 year and old Twospore Mushroom sward compound through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, utilizing daylight to dry, obtain after mechanical disintegration processing treatment.
4) manioc waste fermentative processing:
1. physical and chemical index is adjusted: manioc waste raw material must adjust pH, C/N, EC value, water-content indicator before pre-treatment; Concrete physical and chemical index is pH5-7.5, C/N30-40:1, EC value 3-4.5 mS/cm, water content 60-75%.
2. feed intake and build heap: manioc waste is dropped into fermentation reactor system pre-treatment in fermenter, stack degree of depth 1-1.2m; Wherein ferment flute length 50-150m, and wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, and groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness.
3. inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum: manioc waste puts fermenter or cement fermented field pre-treatment after 3-5 days, must add the rotten microbial inoculum of high temperature speed and carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to it, and fermenting agent and manioc waste fully be mixed; Do not have the fermenter of awning will cover sun-shading rainproof material.
4. measure temperature: by after step 4)-3. add high temperature quick rotting agent, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at every morning 9:00-10:30 and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermenter or heap survey 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out first time turning when adding the rotten microbial inoculum of high temperature speed, later turning frequency must according to season, and adopt " time to not isothermal; temperature is not to when waiting " principle, namely ferment in one week, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoid the formation of anaerobic environment, especially summer; After one week, temperature will stablize rising, and under normal circumstances, every other day turning once; Once temperature is more than 55 DEG C, necessary turning in time; When temperature is at 68-70 DEG C or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Thermophilic fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning needs to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content control is at 55-65%;
6. discharging process: when the color of manioc waste fermentation materials becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with envrionment temperature, odorless, has obvious fermenting aroma, reaching after ferment effect just can discharging, dry, pulverize, enter next step after process of sieving.
5) processing treatment of bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash: will the vegetable mould of bamboo plantation, orchard, forest land, massif be taken from, dry, Pesticidal and sterilizing, pulverize, the solid particulate that is processed into below granularity 3mm of sieving is for subsequent use; Plant ash is pulverized, to be screened into particle diameter 0-2mm granule materials for subsequent use.
6) major ingredient auxiliary material mixing: by step 3), 4) and 5) obtain and drying, pulverize, sieve after raw and auxiliary material mix by formula rate, fully after stirring, Homogeneous phase mixing organic vegetable mould; The preferred physical and chemical index of this organic vegetable mould is: N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3%, organic content 35%, water content 35%, total porosity 75%, unit weight 0.6g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, EC value be 1.5mS/cm, pH is 6.5, below particle diameter 5mm, and wherein 2-3mm accounts for 50-60%; Outward appearance is brown particles shape solid materials darkly, free from extraneous odour.
7) pack, weigh and packaging: by the organic vegetable mould of finished product mixed, quantitatively load woven bag, weigh, pack, seal after send into warehouse.
embodiment 2:
A kind of organic making method humous, organic vegetable mould is by old Twospore Mushroom sward compound and fermentation cassava slag, form with bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash mixed preparing, it is characterized in that: the method is first adopted by manioc waste to carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing containing beneficial microorganism fermenting agent, then by old Twospore Mushroom sward compound and through fermentation reactor system process the airing respectively of fermentation cassava slag organic materials, be ground into below 5mm particle; Add bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash again; Then these raw and auxiliary materials are fully stirred, Homogeneous phase mixing, then pack, weigh, pack warehouse-in; Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material: collect old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, manioc waste is main raw material, and carries out airing, grinding and processing process respectively; Collect bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash as auxiliary material;
2) this organic vegetable mould volume components ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 4 parts, fermentation cassava slag 3 parts, plant ash 1 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 2 parts.
3) processing treatment of old Twospore Mushroom sward compound: select nature composting more than 1 year and old Twospore Mushroom sward compound through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, the brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials utilizing daylight to dry, obtain after mechanical disintegration processing treatment, sward volume ratio is 3:1;
4) manioc waste fermentative processing:
1. physical and chemical index is adjusted: manioc waste raw material must adjust pH, C/N, EC value, water-content indicator before pre-treatment; Concrete physical and chemical index is pH5-7.5, C/N30-40:1, EC value 3-4.5 mS/cm, water content 60-75%.
2. feed intake and build heap: manioc waste is placed on sunlight board lew cement fermentation place on heap make wide 1-2m, the heap of high 0.8-1.2m, length 5-30m carries out fermentation reactor system pre-treatment; Described sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, and top is the sunlight board of good transmittance, canopy height 3-4m, long 20-60m, the cement flooring of wide 10-30m, 15cm thickness.
3. inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum: manioc waste puts fermenter or cement fermented field pre-treatment after 3-5 days, must add the rotten microbial inoculum of high temperature speed and carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to it, and fermenting agent and manioc waste fully be mixed; Do not have the fermenter of awning will cover sun-shading rainproof material;
4. measure temperature: by after step 4)-3. add high temperature quick rotting agent, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at every morning 9:00-10:30 and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermenter or heap survey 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out first time turning when adding the rotten microbial inoculum of high temperature speed, later turning frequency must according to season, and adopt " time to not isothermal; temperature is not to when waiting " principle, namely ferment in one week, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoid the formation of anaerobic environment, especially summer; After one week, temperature will stablize rising, and under normal circumstances, every other day turning once; Once temperature is more than 55 DEG C, necessary turning in time; When temperature is at 68-70 DEG C or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Thermophilic fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning needs to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content control is at 55-65%;
6. discharging process: when the color of manioc waste fermentation materials becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with envrionment temperature, odorless, has obvious fermenting aroma, reaching after ferment effect just can discharging, dry, pulverize, enter next step after process of sieving;
5) processing treatment of bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash: will the vegetable mould of bamboo plantation, orchard, forest land, massif be taken from, dry, Pesticidal and sterilizing, pulverize, the solid particulate that is processed into below granularity 3mm of sieving is for subsequent use; Plant ash is pulverized, to be screened into particle diameter 0-2mm granule materials for subsequent use;
6) major ingredient auxiliary material mixing: by step 3), 4) and 5) obtain and drying, pulverize, sieve after raw and auxiliary material mix by formula rate, fully after stirring, Homogeneous phase mixing organic vegetable mould; This organic vegetable mould N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 2.5%, organic content 25%, water content 45%, total porosity 65%, unit weight 0.8g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:4, EC value be 1.0mS/cm, pH is 5.8, particle diameter 0.1-3mm, and wherein 1-2mm accounts for 50-60%; This organic vegetable mould is outward appearance chocolate or auburn particulate solid material, free from extraneous odour.
7) pack, weigh and packaging: by the organic vegetable mould of finished product mixed, quantitatively load woven bag, weigh, pack, seal after send into warehouse.
The mushroom culture medium that described old Twospore Mushroom sward compound is is main raw material with rice wheat straw, the organic waste material stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, it contains abundant mushroom mycelium activeconstituents, nature composting more than 1 year and through degraded of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, recycling sunlight exposure, killing ova and harmful microorganism, again through mechanical disintegration process, sieve after the Vandyke brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials that obtains, sward volume ratio is 3:1.
Described manioc waste is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, water content 55-65%; Described fermentation cassava slag is through the manioc waste organic materials of abundant fermentation maturity process; Described fermentation maturity carries out abundant decomposition reactor system process with quick rotting agent to manioc waste, and the composting time is about 60 days, can according to season and the suitably adjustment of temperature height; Described quick rotting agent is pulvis, containing a large amount of beneficial microorganism, is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 40kg.
Described bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould is the vegetable mould taking from bamboo plantation, orchard, forest land, and its organic content is high, the solid particle material after drying, pulverize, sieve processing, granularity 0-3mm; Described plant ash is stalk, trees, the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving that stay after weeds organic compound combustion, particle diameter 0-2mm, it is containing enriching potassium element and a small amount of boron, aluminium, manganese microelement, and its alkalescence is higher, for regulating organic potential of hydrogen humous.
embodiment 3:
A kind of organic making method humous, organic vegetable mould is by old Twospore Mushroom sward compound and fermentation cassava slag, forms with bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash mixed preparing.The mushroom culture medium that wherein old Twospore Mushroom sward compound is is main raw material with rice wheat straw, the organic waste material stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, it contains abundant mushroom mycelium activeconstituents, nature composting more than 1 year and through degraded of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, recycling sunlight exposure, killing ova and harmful microorganism, again through mechanical disintegration process, sieve after the Vandyke brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials that obtains, sward volume ratio is 5:1.Manioc waste is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, water content 55-65%; Fermentation cassava slag is through the manioc waste organic materials of abundant fermentation maturity process; Fermentation maturity carries out abundant decomposition reactor system fermentative processing with quick rotting agent to manioc waste, and the composting time is about 30 days, can according to season and the suitably adjustment of temperature height; Quick rotting agent is pulvis, containing a large amount of beneficial microorganism, is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 60kg.Wherein bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould is the vegetable mould taking from bamboo plantation, orchard, forest land, and its organic content is high, the solid particle material after drying, pulverize, sieve processing, granularity 0-3mm; Plant ash is stalk, trees, the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving that stay after weeds organic compound combustion, particle diameter 0-2mm, it is containing enriching potassium element and a small amount of boron, aluminium, manganese microelement, and its alkalescence is higher, for regulating organic potential of hydrogen humous.
The method is first adopted by manioc waste to carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing containing beneficial microorganism fermenting agent, then by old Twospore Mushroom sward compound and through fermentation reactor system process the airing respectively of fermentation cassava slag mixing organic materials, be ground into below 5mm particle; Add bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash again; Then these raw and auxiliary materials are fully stirred, Homogeneous phase mixing, then pack, weigh, pack warehouse-in; Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material: collect old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, manioc waste is main raw material, and carries out airing, grinding and processing process respectively; Collect bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash as auxiliary material.
2) this organic vegetable mould volume components ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 6 parts, fermentation cassava slag 2 parts, plant ash 1 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 1 part.
3) processing treatment of old Twospore Mushroom sward compound: the brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials selected nature composting more than 1 year and old Twospore Mushroom sward compound through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, utilizing daylight to dry, obtain after mechanical disintegration processing treatment.
4) manioc waste fermentative processing:
1. physical and chemical index is adjusted: manioc waste raw material must adjust pH, C/N, EC value, water-content indicator before pre-treatment; Concrete physical and chemical index is pH5-7.5, C/N30-40:1, EC value 3-4.5 mS/cm, water content 60-75%.
2. feed intake and build heap: manioc waste is dropped into fermentation reactor system pre-treatment in fermenter, stack degree of depth 1-1.2m; Wherein ferment flute length 50-150m, and wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, and groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness.
3. inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum: manioc waste puts fermenter or cement fermented field pre-treatment after 3-5 days, must add the rotten microbial inoculum of high temperature speed and carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to it, and fermenting agent and manioc waste fully be mixed; Do not have the fermenter of awning will cover sun-shading rainproof material.
4. measure temperature: by after step 4)-3. add high temperature quick rotting agent, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at every morning 9:00-10:30 and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermenter or heap survey 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out first time turning when adding the rotten microbial inoculum of high temperature speed, later turning frequency must according to season, and adopt " time to not isothermal; temperature is not to when waiting " principle, namely ferment in one week, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoid the formation of anaerobic environment, especially summer; After one week, temperature will stablize rising, and under normal circumstances, every other day turning once; Once temperature is more than 55 DEG C, necessary turning in time; When temperature is at 68-70 DEG C or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Thermophilic fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning needs to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content control is at 55-65%;
6. discharging process: when the color of manioc waste fermentation materials becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with envrionment temperature, odorless, has obvious fermenting aroma, reaching after ferment effect just can discharging, dry, pulverize, enter next step after process of sieving;
5) processing treatment of bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash: will the vegetable mould of bamboo plantation, orchard, forest land, massif be taken from, dry, Pesticidal and sterilizing, pulverize, the solid particulate that is processed into below granularity 3mm of sieving is for subsequent use; Plant ash is pulverized, to be screened into particle diameter 0-2mm granule materials for subsequent use;
6) major ingredient auxiliary material mixing: by step 3), 4) and 5) obtain and drying, pulverize, sieve after raw and auxiliary material mix by formula rate, fully after stirring, Homogeneous phase mixing organic vegetable mould; The preferred physical and chemical index of this organic vegetable mould is: N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 2%, organic content 30%, water content 35%, total porosity 65%, unit weight 0.5g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2, EC value be 2.5mS/cm, pH is 7.0, particle diameter 0-3mm, and wherein 1-2mm accounts for 50-60%; Outward appearance is dark brown speckles shape solid materials, free from extraneous odour.
7) pack, weigh and packaging: by the organic vegetable mould of finished product mixed, quantitatively load woven bag, weigh, pack, seal after send into warehouse.
The organic vegetable mould of one prepared by embodiment 1 may be used for the stock growings such as red maple, Chinese photinia, sweet osmanthus, glossy privet, cape jasmine, and itself and conventional cultivation matrix simultaneous test effect are as follows:
Greening kind: sweet osmanthus;
(1) level land and dig the pool: by smooth for the plot of cultivating green, digging the pool by 4 meters of seeding row spacings, the degree of depth and size determine according to greening seedling size, the dark 60-80 centimetre in general 2 meters of osmanthus fragrans pools, diameter about 60 centimeters.
(2) organic vegetable mould is laid: the 2 kinds of afforesting matrixes organic vegetable mould of the present invention and market bought are routed in the pool respectively, thickness about 15cm.
(3) put greening seedling: moved on to gently in the middle of the pool by osmanthus fragrans, 2 kinds of afforesting matrixes that organic vegetable mould of the present invention and market are bought are inserted in the pool by surrounding more respectively, thickness about 30cm.
(4) water, banket: organic vegetable mould etc. just can water after inserting in the pool, must water sufficient water, to insert in the pool and 10-20 centimetre above ground level with soil after water permeation, soil must track tramping, tread.
(5) cultivation effect: the effect that different substrates grows osmanthus fragrans is in table 1.
The effect that table 1 different substrates grows osmanthus fragrans
| Matrix is originated | Surviving rate (%) | Vegetative period (my god) | Root system (bar) | Root length (cm) | Leaf color |
| Afforesting matrix 1 | 95.3 | 85 | 12.4 | 11.1 | Green |
| Afforesting matrix 2 | 93.6 | 85 | 11.5 | 10.6 | Pale green |
| Embodiment 1 | 100 | 85 | 13.2 | 12.1 | Green |
Table 1 can be found out, the organic vegetable mould of the one described in embodiment 1, and most of index is all a little more than other afforesting matrixes, and test shows, the result of use that organic vegetable mould of embodiment 1 is specifically good.
Claims (10)
1. an organic making method humous, organic vegetable mould is by old Twospore Mushroom sward compound and fermentation cassava slag, form with bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash mixed preparing, it is characterized in that: the method is first adopted by manioc waste to carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing containing beneficial microorganism fermenting agent, then by old Twospore Mushroom sward compound and through fermentation reactor system process the airing respectively of fermentation cassava slag organic materials, be ground into below 5mm particle; Add bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash again; Then these raw and auxiliary materials are fully stirred, Homogeneous phase mixing, then pack, weigh, pack warehouse-in; Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material: collect old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, manioc waste is main raw material, and carries out airing, grinding and processing process respectively; Collect bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash as auxiliary material;
2) organic vegetable mould parts by volume composition of raw materials is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 4-6 part, fermentation cassava slag 2-3 part, plant ash 0.5-1 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 1-2 part;
3) processing treatment of old Twospore Mushroom sward compound: the brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials selected nature composting more than 1 year and old Twospore Mushroom sward compound through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, utilizing daylight to dry, obtain after mechanical disintegration processing treatment;
4) manioc waste fermentative processing:
1. physical and chemical index is adjusted: manioc waste raw material must adjust pH, C/N, EC value, water-content indicator before pre-treatment;
2. feed intake and build heap: manioc waste is dropped into fermentation reactor system pre-treatment in fermenter, stack degree of depth 1-1.2m; Or be placed directly in sunlight board lew cement fermentation place on heap make wide 1-2m, the heap of high 0.8-1.2m, length 5-30m carries out fermentation reactor system pre-treatment; Described fermentation flute length 50-150m, wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, and groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness; Described sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, and top is the sunlight board of good transmittance, canopy height 3-4m, long 20-60m, the cement flooring of wide 10-30m, 15cm thickness;
3. inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum: manioc waste puts fermenter or cement fermented field pre-treatment after 3-5 days, must add the rotten microbial inoculum of high temperature speed and carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to it, and fermenting agent and manioc waste fully be mixed; Do not have the fermenter of awning will cover sun-shading rainproof material;
4. measure temperature: by after step 4)-3. add high temperature quick rotting agent, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at every morning 9:00-10:30 and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermenter or heap survey 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out first time turning when adding the rotten microbial inoculum of high temperature speed, later turning frequency must according to season, and adopt " time to not isothermal; temperature is not to when waiting " principle, namely ferment in one week, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoid the formation of anaerobic environment, especially summer; After one week, temperature will stablize rising, and under normal circumstances, every other day turning once; Once temperature is more than 55 DEG C, necessary turning in time; When temperature is at 68-70 DEG C or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Thermophilic fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning needs to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content control is at 55-65%;
6. discharging process: when the color of manioc waste fermentation materials becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with envrionment temperature, odorless, has obvious fermenting aroma, reaching after ferment effect just can discharging, dry, pulverize, enter next step after process of sieving;
5) processing treatment of bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould, plant ash: will the vegetable mould of bamboo plantation, orchard, forest land, massif be taken from, dry, Pesticidal and sterilizing, pulverize, the solid particulate that is processed into below granularity 3mm of sieving is for subsequent use; Plant ash is pulverized, to be screened into particle diameter 0-2mm granule materials for subsequent use;
6) major ingredient auxiliary material mixing: by step 3), 4) and 5) obtain and drying, pulverize, sieve after raw and auxiliary material mix by formula rate, fully after stirring, Homogeneous phase mixing organic vegetable mould; This organic vegetable mould N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 2-3%, organic content>=25%, water content 30-45%, total porosity 65-85%, unit weight 0.5-0.8g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2-4, EC value be 1-2.5mS/cm, pH is 5.8-7.0, particle diameter 0-5mm, and wherein 2-3mm accounts for 50-60%; This organic vegetable mould is outward appearance chocolate or auburn particulate solid material, free from extraneous odour;
7) pack, weigh and packaging: by the organic vegetable mould of finished product mixed, quantitatively load woven bag, weigh, pack, seal after send into warehouse.
2. a kind of organic making method humous according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mushroom culture medium that described old Twospore Mushroom sward compound is is main raw material with rice wheat straw, the organic waste material stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, it contains abundant mushroom mycelium activeconstituents, nature composting more than 1 year and through degraded of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, recycling sunlight exposure, killing ova and harmful microorganism, again through mechanical disintegration process, sieve after the Vandyke brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials that obtains, sward volume ratio is 3-5:1.
3. a kind of organic making method humous according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described manioc waste is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, water content 55-65%; Described fermentation cassava slag is through the manioc waste organic materials of abundant fermentation maturity process; Described fermentation maturity carries out abundant decomposition reactor system fermentative processing with quick rotting agent to manioc waste, and the composting time is 40-60 days, according to season and the adjustment of temperature height; Described quick rotting agent is pulvis, containing a large amount of beneficial microorganism, is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 50-60kg.
4. a kind of organic making method humous according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould is the vegetable mould taking from bamboo plantation, orchard, forest land, its organic content is high, the solid particle material after drying, pulverize, sieve processing, granularity 0-3mm; Described plant ash is stalk, trees, the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving that stay after weeds organic compound combustion, particle diameter 0-2mm, it is containing enriching potassium element and a small amount of boron, aluminium, manganese microelement, and its alkalescence is higher, for regulating organic potential of hydrogen humous.
5. a kind of organic making method humous according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 4)-1. described physical and chemical index: pH5-7.5, C/N30-40:1, EC value 3-4.5 mS/cm, water content 60-75%.
6. a kind of organic making method humous according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this organic vegetable mould volume components ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 5 parts, fermentation cassava slag 2.5 parts, plant ash 0.5 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 2 parts.
7. a kind of organic making method humous according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this organic vegetable mould volume components ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 4 parts, fermentation cassava slag 3 parts, plant ash 1 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 2 parts.
8. a kind of organic making method humous according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this organic vegetable mould volume components ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 6 parts, fermentation cassava slag 2 parts, plant ash 1 part, bamboo wood forest land vegetable mould 1 part.
9. a kind of organic making method humous according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this organic vegetable mould N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3%, organic content 35%, water content 35%, total porosity 75%, unit weight 0.6g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, EC value be 1.5mS/cm, pH is 6.5, particle diameter 0.1-5mm, and wherein 2-3mm accounts for 50-60%; Outward appearance is brown particles shape solid materials darkly, free from extraneous odour.
10. a kind of organic making method humous according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the described manioc waste fermentation maturity composting treatment time is 45 days.
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