CN102084777A - Seedling growing method of cotton by light-substrate mesh bag container - Google Patents

Seedling growing method of cotton by light-substrate mesh bag container Download PDF

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CN102084777A
CN102084777A CN2010105582778A CN201010558277A CN102084777A CN 102084777 A CN102084777 A CN 102084777A CN 2010105582778 A CN2010105582778 A CN 2010105582778A CN 201010558277 A CN201010558277 A CN 201010558277A CN 102084777 A CN102084777 A CN 102084777A
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mesh bag
bag container
cotton
light
seedling
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李子辉
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Abstract

The invention relates to a seedling growing method of a cotton by light-substrate mesh bag container, comprising the following steps: manufacturing a cylindrical light-substrate mesh bag container; uprightly arranging the light-substrate mesh bag container on a seedbed; directly pressing a primed cotton seed with the radicle down into the light-substrate mesh bag container to raise the seedling, i.e. inserting a small hole on the light-substrate mesh bag container by a thin stick and then pressing the primed cotton seed with the radicle down; watering with a small amount of water; building a small plastic tunnel to cover the seedbed; and transplanting the cotton seedlings into a field together with the light-substrate mesh bag container when the cotton seedlings grow to a set size. The method has the following advantages: firstly, the method is easily accepted by cotton growers; secondly, the light-substrate mesh bag container can be industrially produced; thirdly, the cotton seedlings grow quicker and stronger, and the planting percent is high; fourthly, lumps are not scattered during transplantation and transportation and are very light, the recovering stage is short, and the survival rate is high; fifthly, the buffering performance of transplantation time is good; sixthly, the cotton seedlings are strong, the recovering stage is short, and the yield is increased; and seventhly, the mesh bag container can be naturally degraded into threads without pollution.

Description

The light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method of cotton
Technical field
The present invention relates to raising seedling of cotton, i.e. the light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method that grows cotton.
Background technology
Seedling raising and transplanting is the common practice of Cotton Production, and what raising seedling of cotton used always is the feeding block seedlings raising mode.
Feeding block seedlings raising, actual is exactly " mass of soil is grown seedlings ", continued to use 50 surplus year.Feeding block seedlings raising can solve the crops for rotation contradiction of Cotton Production under the multiple cropping; Concentrate and grow seedlings, help implementing precision management, improve cotton seedling quality, and economize on kind.Feeding block seedlings raising covers with the little shed of plastics and engages, and can realize growing seedlings in advance, has prolonged cotton development stage, and makes growing process in advance, and Fu Qiantao, volt peach ratio increase, and bell heavily increases, and output of cotton has increased by 20%.By growing seedlings and transplanting, impel the cotton root system prosperity, and make cotton root system mainly be distributed in plow layer, improved cotton resistance; When feeding block seedlings raising is transplanted, seedling classification greatly, separately plantation, appearance aligns mutually, and colony and individual contradiction are coordinated.
The operation of nutrition bowl seedling transplanting is as follows: the preparation of the place of 1, growing seedlings, material, and material has: garden mould, farmyard manure, chemical fertilizer, insecticide, bactericide, weed killer herbicide, bamboo bow, plastic foil, seed etc.; 2, material is puddled, humidity regulation; 3, manually make alms bowl, row's alms bowl; 4, sowing, lid is planted; 5, the button canopy covers; 6, seedling management, 7, transplant the land for growing field crops.
There are the following problems for tradition feeding block seedlings raising mode:
1, program is many, and recruitment is many, and is loaded down with trivial details, and labour intensity is bigger when system alms bowl and transplanting.
2, the not high problem of ubiquity planting percent, average planting percent has only 50%, seldom surpasses 70%, 10%-20% only when low; Main cause is mashed kind, disease, insect pest, nutritive cube breakage.The cotton nutrition planting percent of growing seedlings is influenced by weather and technology operant level, between the time, often have than big-difference between peasant household.
3, transplanting back seedling-slowing stage is still longer.
Last decade comes, and for solving the problem that cotton nutrition is grown seedlings and existed, domestic how tame scientific research institutions have carried out the research of following multiple substitute technology.
One, cotton point disk seedling growing:
Technical research unit is academy of agricultural sciences, Henan Province cotton oil plant crop investigations institute, Agricultural College Affiliated to Yangzhou Univ. and agricultural [technology center, Jiangsu.Their technology:
The part of growing seedlings: with single vermiculite is seedling medium, or is matrix with vermiculite+river sand or fine earth (1:1), is container for plant growth with the cave dish in hole, 100-120 cave, supporting special nutrient fluid and growth regulator (strengthening agent).
Transplant part: root-inducing promoter is handled, in combination film mulching and planting.
Technical Analysis: 1, dish soilless-cultivated seedling in cave is light really, but peasant household need purchase cave dish, vermiculite, river sand, nutrient solution, root-inducing promoter, the multiple goods, materials and equipments of growing seedlings such as strengthening agent.
2, because dish hole, cave is less, volume has only 1/10 of nutritive cube, and all limit to very much growing space, cotton seedling top and the bottom, and difficulty is bred the healthy seedling of normal specifications.
3, point disk seedling growing is few because of filling matrix, the rich water quality management difficulty is big between nursery stage, pure vermiculite matrix or for reducing the matrix cost to add river sand in the 1:1 ratio be matrix, when getting seedling transportation transplanting, easily loose, the ratio of bareroot seedling is inevitable bigger, even combining root-inducing promoter handles, transplanting is to soil condition having relatively high expectations of soil moisture condition, weather condition particularly, and seedling-slowing stage is longer, and it is bigger to plant the back management difficulty.
Two, (two do not have " two do not have two changes " seedling growing process: soilless-cultivated seedling, carrier-free transplanting; Two change: the batch production of growing seedlings, transplanting mechanization)
Technical research unit is a The Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science and Technologys Cotton Research Institute.
Technical description: the part of growing seedlings: do the seedbed with mixed-matrix (special-purpose commodity matrix was mixed river sand 1: 1), carry out the seedbed in conjunction with the little shed of plastics and grow seedlings; Transplant part: main feature is the bareroot seedling transplanting, for improving survival rate, before getting seedling, irritate root with the rooting promoter seedbed, spray guarantor's leaf (suppressing the rising dehydration of blade in short-term) with leaf-protecting agent, soak root with rooting promoter again before transplanting behind the lifting, require meticulous whole ground, require soil moisture content good, require normal root water to water foot, in combination film mulching and planting.
Technical Analysis: 1, can be fit to peasant household and grow seedlings on a small scale, the operation of the link of growing seedlings is easily grasped near conventional seedbed system.
2, the link of growing seedlings is light really, easy; Nursery effect is good, the planting percent height.
3, problem is that bareroot seedling is transplanted and requires meticulous soil condition and precision management, under general extensive soil condition and extensive management condition, and seedling-slowing stage very long (20-30 days), average transplanting survival rate has only about 50%.
Three, water floating grow seedlings (floating seedlings):
Technology source: Agricultural University Of Hunan's Cotton Research Institute.
Technical description: the part of growing seedlings: with polyethylene seedling-cultivating tray (200 hole/dish) is container, loads artificial light host material, is the seedbed with on-swimmer's pool splendid attire nutrient solution water body, carries out floating seedlings in conjunction with the little shed of plastics.
Transplant part: similar with cave dish transplantation of seedlings.
Technical Analysis: 1, do the pond, purchase seedling-cultivating tray, matrix, preparation nutrient solution, not easy, not light;
2, small and dense because of the hole, cave, be difficult to cultivate the healthy and strong cotton seedling that can reach the transplanting specification;
3, under the floating seedlings mode, soil humidity is bigger, and formed root system must have the humidogene Gent, and resistance is relatively poor, and is bad to nonirrigated farmland condition adaptability, and the transplanting seedling-slowing stage is long, and survival rate is not high.
More than three grow cotton the grow seedlings promotion effects of substitute technology all undesirable.
Over 10 years, the research of raising seedling of cotton substitute technology, saving grace is to have adopted the soilless-cultivated seedling thinking.Have only soilless-cultivated seedling could realize grow seedlings lighting, easy, could effectively overcome soil-borne disease and obtain high planting percent in seedling stage.But the transplanting time resiliency is all bad, so-called " seedling arrives when not waiting ", all fail effectively to shorten transplanting back seedling-slowing stage, fail to be implemented in dispersion, general high transplanting survival rate under more extensive soil condition (plate ground), uncontrollable weather condition, the extensive transplanting and management condition, fail to realize planting the easy of back management link.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of technology such as traditional feeding block seedlings raising and cotton point disk seedling growing, the present invention proposes the method that light base material mesh bag container grows seedlings that grows cotton.
This light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method that grows cotton, be that the light base material mesh bag container for plant growth of directly batch production being produced stands up on the seedbed, will be after moistening the cotton seeds radicle of vernalization implant container for plant growth downwards, inserting the cotton seeds radicle that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally again behind the duck eye earlier with thin stick on light base material mesh bag container is pressed down into, water on a small quantity again matrix is combined with seed, building the little shed of plastics again grows seedlings, when treating that the cotton seedling grows into setting big or small, the cotton seedling is transplanted to big Tanaka together with container for plant growth, it is characterized in that: container for plant growth is columned light base material mesh bag container.
Light base material mesh bag container batch production is produced, and there is following a few class in the source of used matrix formulations raw material:
A, agriculture and forestry organic waste material class: crops straw, as corn, Chinese sorghum, rice straw, reed and straw; Shell, as husk, wheat husk, levant cotton exocarp, corncob, mushroom slag; B, industrial solid phyteral waste material class: the dregs of a decoction, bagasse, reed slag, saw dust, bamboo bits, fermentation industry waste material, linen-cotton factory waste material; C, forest land dry branches and fallen leaves, humus soil; The expanded light body waste material of D, industry and mining is as the auxiliary material of light matrix formulations: comprise cinder, flyash, foam beads, rice hull ash, charcoal kiln waste residue; E, a certain proportion of soil: the resiliency of soil is best, can remedy pure artificial light some performance defect of host material, can guarantee the resiliency and the stability of matrix environment, can also control cost.
Light body waste material that above various phyteral waste materials, industry and mining are expanded and soil are converted into matrix and need through following steps:
A, stability are handled: various phyteral waste materials contain the simple organic matter of easy moldy metamorphism, heat, pernicious gas and the liquid that is produced in the process has great threat to seed germination, seedlings root growth on the turn, and the way of removing this threat has fermentation and half charing to handle two kinds; The high temperature that is produced by fermentation, half charing kills weed seed, sick worm source, reduces sick worm, crop smothering in the seedling raising process; B, pulverizing and screening: light matrix formulations material has the particle diameter requirement, and the too little matrix water-holding capacity of particle diameter is big, airtight, and particle diameter too greatly then matrix water-holding capacity is too small, also is unfavorable for seedling early growth; C, drying: machine is to the requirement of humidity of materials when producing to adapt to material mesh bag container, and water content is no more than 35%; D, with various formula materials composite be matrix.
Make columned light base material mesh bag container: utilize the material mesh bag container forming machine of selling on the domestic market that composite good matrix and packaging material (nonwoven) are integrated, produce a kind of cylindrical shape intestines shape product, 3.5 ~ 4.5 centimetres of diameters, this intestines shape product is used to grow seedlings after moistening, expansion, manual segment, also can use special mechanical segment, packing back to be directly used in for peasant household and to grow seedlings, every segment length is 7-9 centimetre during segment, and each section is exactly a monomer, the no end, columned light base material mesh bag container; The matrix filling should full, flexible, nothing breakage.
Carry out the step of raising seedling of cotton with light base material mesh bag container: comprise the levelling of the land of growing seedlings, do the seedbed, light base material mesh bag container is stood up on the seedbed; Moistening light base material mesh bag container trickle, make it contain water saturation; To directly be pressed in the light base material mesh bag container downwards through the cotton seeds radicle that vernalization has showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, or the cotton seeds radicle that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally again behind an earlier slotting duck eye on the light base material mesh bag container with thin stick is pressed down into, rewater, seed is combined with matrix, and each light base material mesh bag container is educated a cotton seedling.The management of management and traditional feeding block seedlings raising is identical between nursery stage, promptly builds the little shed covering of plastics seedbed and grows seedlings, and when treating that the cotton seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart or 3 leaves, 1 heart, moves to the land for growing field crops; Field management behind field management after method of transplanting and the transplanting and the traditional nutrition bowl seedling transplanting is identical.
The advantage that light base material mesh bag container is applied to raising seedling of cotton is:
1, the light base material mesh bag container the most approaching tradition custom of growing seedlings of growing seedlings is cotton grower's acceptance easily, and suitable fully huge numbers of families grow seedlings on a small scale;
2, light base material mesh bag container can be carried out suitability for industrialized production, and the cotton grower buys with regard to usefulness, and is very easy to be light;
3, because formulation media has preserve moisture and fertility, water-permeable and air permeable again, characteristics such as pathogeny worm source radix is very little, light base material mesh bag container seedling raising process is saved worry, and cotton seedling growth is faster, more healthy and stronger, and planting percent can reach desirable level;
When 4, transplanting, flourishing root system and matrix, mesh bag three in oneization, not loosing when the land for growing field crops transport from the seedbed sticks together, and extremely light, cotton seedling adaptability is good, plants and afterwards manages the saving of labor, and seedling-slowing stage is short, survival rate is high;
5, the resiliency of light base material mesh bag container transplantation of seedlings time is good;
6, strong seeding quality, short seedling-slowing stage will produce the effect of increasing income;
7, light base material mesh bag container seedling is implanted soil, is equivalent to use soil conditioner, have the improvement of soil fertility effect, but the material mesh bag container natural degradation becomes thread, does not form pollution.
Embodiment
As follows below in conjunction with embodiment to the detailed description of the invention:
We have tested this light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method that grows cotton spring in 2010 in the Anxiang County, Hunan Province, step is as follows:
One, composite matrix.The matrix formulations raw material are mushroom mushroom slag, mushroom mushroom slag, the dregs of a decoction, humus soil;
To pester earlier and do abundant fermentation process after mushroom slag, mushroom mushroom slag, the dregs of a decoction are pulverized, screening again, press 1:1:1:0.5 composite with humus soil again is matrix.
Two, by the material mesh bag container forming machine host material is poured in the cylinder that nonwoven is made into, produce a kind of cylindrical shape intestines shape product, 4 centimetres of diameters, before growing seedlings with this intestines shape product through moistening, expansion, manual segment, every segment length is 8 centimetres during segment, and each section is exactly a monomer, the no end, columned light base material mesh bag container;
Three, the seedbed is done in the levelling of the land of growing seedlings, and monomer container is stood up on the seedbed;
Four, moistening the monomer container trickle, make it contain water saturation;
Five, the cotton seeds radicle after vernalization is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally is pressed down in the matrix, rewaters, and seed is combined with matrix, and each light base material mesh bag container is broadcast one of cotton seed.
Six, seedling management, identical with traditional feeding block seedlings raising management, promptly build the little shed of plastics and cover the seedbed, grow seedlings, when treating that the cotton seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart or 3 leaves, 1 heart, move to the land for growing field crops;
Seven, the method for Yi Zaiing and transplant after field management and the field management behind the traditional nutrition bowl seedling transplanting identical.
The light base material mesh bag container of Anxiang County cotton in 2010 50 pilots of growing seedlings, 50 mu of the gross areas, average planting percent is 95%, plant seedling 1100 strains for every mu, transplanting survival rate reaches 98%, does not have obvious seedling-slowing stage, save artificial 1.5 for every mu than conventional feeding block seedlings raising, every mu is increased production 20 kilograms of gined cottons.

Claims (6)

1. the light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method of cotton, be that the light base material mesh bag container for plant growth of directly batch production being produced stands up on the seedbed, will be after moistening the cotton seeds radicle of vernalization implant container for plant growth downwards, inserting the cotton seeds radicle that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally again behind the duck eye earlier with thin stick on light base material mesh bag container is pressed down into, water on a small quantity again matrix is combined with seed, building the little shed of plastics again grows seedlings, when treating that the cotton seedling grows into setting big or small, the cotton seedling is transplanted to big Tanaka together with container for plant growth, it is characterized in that: container for plant growth is columned light base material mesh bag container.
2. the light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that, light base material mesh bag container batch production is produced, and there is following a few class in the source of used light matrix formulations raw material:
A, agriculture and forestry organic waste material class: crops straw, as corn, Chinese sorghum, rice straw, reed and straw; Shell, as husk, wheat husk, levant cotton exocarp, corncob, mushroom slag; B, industrial solid phyteral waste material class: the dregs of a decoction, bagasse, reed slag, saw dust, bamboo bits, fermentation industry waste material, linen-cotton factory waste material; C, forest land dry branches and fallen leaves, humus soil; The expanded light body waste material of D, industry and mining is as the auxiliary material of light matrix formulations: comprise cinder, flyash, foam beads, rice hull ash, charcoal kiln waste residue; E, a certain proportion of soil.
3. the light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that, light body waste material that above various phyteral waste materials, industry and mining are expanded and soil are converted into light matrix and need through following steps:
A, stability are handled: various phyteral waste materials contain the simple organic matter of easy moldy metamorphism, heat, pernicious gas and the liquid that is produced in the process has great threat to seed germination, seedlings root growth on the turn, and the way of removing this threat has fermentation and half charing to handle two kinds; The high temperature that is produced by fermentation, half charing kills weed seed, sick worm source, reduces sick worm, crop smothering in the seedling raising process; B, pulverizing and screening: light matrix formulations material has the particle diameter requirement, and the too little matrix water-holding capacity of particle diameter is big, airtight, and particle diameter too greatly then matrix water-holding capacity is too small, also is unfavorable for seedling early growth; C, drying: machine is to the requirement of humidity of materials when producing to adapt to material mesh bag container, and water content is no more than 35%; D, with various formula materials composite be light matrix.
4. the light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method of cotton according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, columned light base material mesh bag container is made in batch production: utilize the material mesh bag container forming machine of selling on the domestic market that composite good light matrix and nonwoven packaging material are integrated, produce a kind of cylindrical shape intestines shape product, diameter 3.5-4.5 centimetre, with this intestines shape product through moistening, launch, segment, the packing back is directly used in for peasant household and grows seedlings, every segment length is 7-9 centimetre during segment, monomer of each section, the no end, columned light base material mesh bag container; The matrix filling should full, flexible, nothing breakage.
5. the light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that, carries out the step of raising seedling of cotton with light base material mesh bag container: comprise the levelling of the land of growing seedlings, do the seedbed, light base material mesh bag container is stood up on the seedbed; Moistening light base material mesh bag container trickle, make it contain water saturation; To directly be pressed in the light base material mesh bag container downwards through the cotton seeds radicle that vernalization has showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, or the cotton seeds radicle that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally again behind an earlier slotting duck eye on the light base material mesh bag container with thin stick is pressed down into, rewater, seed is combined with matrix, and each light base material mesh bag container is educated a cotton seedling.
6. the light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method of cotton according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, between nursery stage the management of management and traditional feeding block seedlings raising identical, promptly build the little shed covering of plastics seedbed and grow seedlings, when treating that the cotton seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart or 3 leaves, 1 heart, move to the land for growing field crops; Field management behind field management after method of transplanting and the transplanting and the traditional nutrition bowl seedling transplanting is identical.
CN2010105582778A 2010-11-25 2010-11-25 Seedling growing method of cotton by light-substrate mesh bag container Pending CN102084777A (en)

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CN102405795A (en) * 2011-08-03 2012-04-11 王书秀 Seedling raising pot special for cotton and seedling raising method for realizing cotton and wheat circular planting by using seedling raising pot
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CN102870571A (en) * 2012-10-14 2013-01-16 湖南古洞春茶业有限公司 Breeding method of wild large-leaf tea tree
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CN103444419A (en) * 2013-09-13 2013-12-18 江苏省农业科学院 Method for seedling raising and transplanting of cotton by utilizing fermentation bed wastes
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CN104705051A (en) * 2015-02-10 2015-06-17 南阳市农业科学院 Cotton seedling transplantation method
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CN104871944A (en) * 2015-04-29 2015-09-02 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 Soilless Chinese yam cultivation method
CN105009989A (en) * 2015-08-20 2015-11-04 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 Macadamia nut seedling cultivation substrate prepared through macadamia nut waste
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Application publication date: 20110608