CN104478596A - Preparation method of organic granular matrix for potted flowers - Google Patents
Preparation method of organic granular matrix for potted flowers Download PDFInfo
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- CN104478596A CN104478596A CN201410774620.0A CN201410774620A CN104478596A CN 104478596 A CN104478596 A CN 104478596A CN 201410774620 A CN201410774620 A CN 201410774620A CN 104478596 A CN104478596 A CN 104478596A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an organic granular matrix for potted flowers, and belongs to the field of horticultural technology. The matrix is a granular solid material which is prepared by mixing fermented corn cob particles and vermiculite, plant ash or carbonized chaff, and the grain size is less than or equal to 6mm, wherein the matrix with grain size ranging from 3mm to 4mm accounts for 50-60%; the percentages by volume of the various components are as follows: 70-90% of fermented corn cob particles, 5-15% of vermiculite, and 5-15% of plant ash or carbonized chaff; the method comprises the following steps: drying corn cobs in the sun, grinding the dried corn cobs into corn cob particles which are less than 6mm in grain size, and fermenting the corn cob particles by composting with a fermenting agent containing beneficial microorganisms so as to obtain the fermented corn cob particles; adding the vermiculite, plant ash or carbonized chaff; completely stirring and uniformly mixing the raw and auxiliary materials, bagging, weighing, packaging and storing. The organic granular matrix produced by the invention has a water binding capacity and also has air permeability; and the organic granular matrix can be used for replacing ceramsite, peat, nutrient soil and the like for the cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of making method of flower culture matrix, particularly relate to a kind of making method of pot flowers organic granular matrix, belong to technical field of gardening.
Background technology
In flower landscape cultivation, Nutrition Soil (matrix) is most widely used material, and except the quality of flowers seedling own, it is the factor had the greatest impact to flower landscape surviving rate.The root system that it is not only flowers plays fixed action, and can directly for root system new after Nursery stock transplanting provides nutrient.Along with the raising of living standards of the people, cultivating or put flower landscape in market, hotel, city afforestation square, office and resident family becomes articles for daily use, and along with the development of flower landscape, all kinds of Flower nutrient soil (matrix) product innovation constantly occurs.
At present, domestic matrix manufacturing enterprise is mainly using grass (mud) charcoal, rock wool, acid-sludge, manioc waste, mushroom slag, reed, saw dust, vegetable mould and animal excrement, wormcast etc. as raw material production flowers matrix, but, grass (mud) charcoal originates in northeast, belong to Nonrenewable resources, the enterprise in Jiangsu uses peat composed of rotten mosses cost very high; The content of cellulose such as reed, acid-sludge is high, and organic nutrient is not enough; Although animal excrement are nutritious, there is the deficiencies such as quantity is few, collection difficulty, can not use in a large number; Vegetable mould is one of best Nutrition Soil of floriculture, but its gather, processing difficulties, be difficult to meet need of production.The culture medium of the ornamental plants such as orchid needs the material of good permeability, general employing haydite, bark etc., because haydite has porous, light weight, special tectonic that surface strength is high, both meet the moisture needs of plant for afforestation, indoor flower, also meet ventilative requirement simultaneously, it is also with or without the advantage such as dust, quality be light, but it is ceramic granule, also belongs to Nonrenewable resources, and price is higher, a large amount of use, cost is very high.
Corn cob is the organic materials that corn ear is processed to form through fragmentation, and its water content 5-11, crude protein 5.7, robust fibre 3.7, proportion is 0.3-0.35, adsorptive power 50-70.By fermentative processing corn cob flowers base starting material, there is the advantages such as homogeneous microstructure, hardness is suitable, water-absorbent is strong, water retention property good, organic content is high, nutrient is abundant.
Chinese patent CN 101811911A discloses the patent application scheme that Zhenjiang Heng Xin fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. leaf has big grade " a kind of greening matrix and production technique thereof utilizing the production of vinegar grain "; and specifically disclose with vinegar grain, plant ash as raw material; by fermentation; add 6-8% vermiculite again, the perlite of 10-15, the mushroom slag of 15-20% carry out Secondary Fermentation; obtain organic content and be not less than 20%, EC value 1-3, pH5.5-6.5; ventilative space 25%, the particle matrix in water holding space 50%.This matrix is mainly used in urban landscaping, shade tree etc., and document retrieval finds, the flowers organic granular matrix being main material production with fermented maize slug particle is domestic there is not yet relevant report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide one with fermented maize core for main raw material, with plant ash, vermiculite etc. for auxiliary material, produce the technical scheme of flowers organic granular matrix.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
A kind of making method of pot flowers organic granular matrix, this matrix is by fermented maize slug particle, with the particulate solid material of vermiculite, plant ash or carbonization cavings mixed preparing, it is characterized in that: corn ear first dries by the method, be broken into the corn cob granule of below particle diameter 6mm, then adopt and carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing containing beneficial microorganism fermenting agent, obtain fermented maize slug particle; Add vermiculite, plant ash or carbonization cavings again; These raw and auxiliary materials are fully stirred, Homogeneous phase mixing, then pack, weigh, pack warehouse-in; Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material and processing treatment: collect without going mouldy, be main raw material without the corn ear of insect pest, and carry out airing, break process formation corn cob granule, water content 5-11%, particle diameter≤6mm, wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Collection plant ash or carbonization cavings are as auxiliary material;
2) organic granular matrix parts by volume composition of raw materials is: fermented maize slug particle 70-90%, vermiculite 5-15%, plant ash or carbonization cavings 5-15%;
3) fermentative processing of corn cob:
1. corn cob is prewetted and is adjusted physical and chemical index: corn cob raw material can carry out fermentation pre-treatment after must being soaked in water or watering and prewetting, and also needs adjustment pH, C/N, EC value, water-content indicator before pre-treatment;
2. feed intake and build heap: corn cob is dropped into fermentation reactor system pre-treatment in fermenter, stack degree of depth 1-1.2m; Or be placed directly in sunlight board lew cement fermentation place on heap make wide 1-2m, the heap of high 0.8-1.2m, length 5-30m carries out fermentation reactor system pre-treatment;
3. inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum: corn cob throws in fermenter or cement fermented field pre-treatment after 3-5 days, must add the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed and carry out abundant decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to it, the time is 30-60 days, according to season and the adjustment of temperature height; And fermenting agent and corn cob are fully mixed; Do not have the fermenter of awning will cover sun-shading rainproof material;
4. measure temperature: after the rotten fermenting agent of step 3)-3. add high temperature speed, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at every morning 9:00-10:30 and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermenter or heap survey 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out first time turning when adding the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed, later turning frequency must according to season, and adopt " time to not isothermal; temperature is not to when waiting " principle, namely ferment in one week, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoid the formation of anaerobic environment, especially summer; After one week, temperature will stablize rising, and under normal circumstances, every other day turning once; Once temperature is more than 55 DEG C, necessary turning in time; When temperature is at 68-70 DEG C or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Thermophilic fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning needs to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content control is at 55-65%;
6. discharging process: when the color of corn cob fermentation materials becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with envrionment temperature, odorless, has obvious fermenting aroma, reaching after ferment effect just can discharging, dry, pulverize, enter next step after process of sieving;
4) processing treatment of plant ash or carbonization cavings: by for subsequent use for the granule materials that below particle diameter 6mm was pulverized, was screened into plant ash or carbonization cavings;
5) major ingredient auxiliary material mixing: by step 3), 4) obtain and drying, pulverize, sieve after raw and auxiliary material mix by formula rate, fully stir, after Homogeneous phase mixing organic granular matrix; This organic granular matrix N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3-5%, organic content>=50%, water content 35-45%, total porosity 75-90%, unit weight 0.4-0.6g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2-3, EC value be 0.75-1.5mS/cm, pH is 5.8-6.8; This matrix outward appearance chocolate or Vandyke brown, free from extraneous odour.
6) pack, weigh and packaging: by the finished product organic granular matrix mixed, quantitatively load woven bag, weigh, pack, seal after send into warehouse.
Described fermented maize slug particle be dry, corn cob organic granular material that the corn cob pulverized is formed after abundant fermentation maturity process, this granule materials particle diameter≤6mm, wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%.
Described plant ash is stalk, trees, the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving that stay after weeds organic compound combustion, particle diameter 0-3mm; Described carbonization cavings is the granule materials of black solid through pulverizing, sieving that rice husk carbonizing is formed, particle diameter 0-6mm; Plant ash and carbonization cavings are rich in potassium element and a small amount of boron, aluminium, manganese microelement, and its alkalescence is higher, for regulating the potential of hydrogen of matrix.
The described physical and chemical index of step 3)-is 1.: pH5-7.0, C/N30-40:1, EC value 1.5-2.5 mS/cm, water content 50-65%.
Step 3)-2. described fermentation flute length 50-150m, wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, and groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness; Described sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, and top is the sunlight board of good transmittance, canopy height 3-4m, long 20-60m, the cement flooring of wide 10-30m, 15cm thickness.
The rotten fermenting agent of the described high temperature speed of step 3)-is 3. pulvis, and containing a large amount of beneficial microorganism, be made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 40-60kg.
The volume components ratio of this organic granular matrix optimization is: fermented maize core 80%, vermiculite 10%, plant ash or carbonization cavings 10%.
The another kind of volume components ratio of this organic granular matrix is: fermented maize core 70%, vermiculite 15%, plant ash or carbonization cavings 15%.
The another kind of volume components ratio of this organic granular matrix is: fermented maize core 90%, vermiculite 5%, plant ash or carbonization cavings 5%.
This organic granular matrix N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 5%, organic content 60%, water content 35%, total porosity 85%, unit weight 0.5g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2.5, EC value be 1.0mS/cm, pH is 6.3, particle diameter 0.1-6mm, and wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Outward appearance is brown particles shape solid materials darkly, free from extraneous odour.
Step 3)-3. the described corn cob decomposition reactor system fermentative processing time is 45 days.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, corn cob is agricultural organic waste; quantity is many; purposes is few; non-renewable raw material resources and most of mountain forest vegetable mould such as grass (mud) charcoal is substituted with it; for the production of flowers organic granular matrix, not only can reduce the environmental pollution of waste, turn waste into wealth; turn harm into good, and can solve mountain forest vegetable mould fetch earth difficulty, the deficiency of need of production can not be met.
2, corn cob is made organic granular by the present invention; organic granular matrix is made after fermentative processing; substitute inorganic haydite; not only containing abundant organic matter; nutrient can be provided for flowers and growing of ornamental plant; and existing retentiveness has ventilation property again, cultivation cost can also be reduced, achieve many things at one stroke.
The organic granular matrix that 3 the present invention produce, quality is loosened, and retentiveness is good, ventilation property is strong, and organic content is high, can be widely used in flowers and ornamental plant cultivation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, illustrate the present invention further, this embodiment should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
embodiment 1:
A kind of making method of pot flowers organic granular matrix, this matrix is by fermented maize slug particle, with the particulate solid material of vermiculite, plant ash or carbonization cavings mixed preparing, wherein fermented maize slug particle be dry, corn cob organic granular material that the corn cob pulverized is formed after abundant fermentation maturity process, this granule materials particle diameter≤6mm, wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Plant ash is stalk, trees, the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving that stay after weeds organic compound combustion, particle diameter 0-3mm; Carbonization cavings is the granule materials of black solid through pulverizing, sieving that rice husk carbonizing is formed, particle diameter 0-6mm; Plant ash and carbonization cavings are rich in potassium element and a small amount of boron, aluminium, manganese microelement, and its alkalescence is higher, for regulating the potential of hydrogen of matrix.
Corn ear first dries by the method, be broken into the corn cob granule of below particle diameter 6mm, then adopts and carries out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing containing beneficial microorganism fermenting agent, obtain fermented maize slug particle; Add vermiculite, plant ash or carbonization cavings again; These raw and auxiliary materials are fully stirred, Homogeneous phase mixing, then pack, weigh, pack warehouse-in; Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material and processing treatment: collecting what stay after corn grain is gathered in the crops is main raw material without going mouldy, without the corn ear of insect pest, and carry out airing, grinding and processing process formation corn cob granule, water content 5-11%, particle diameter≤6mm, wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Collection plant ash or carbonization cavings are as auxiliary material;
2) organic granular matrix parts by volume composition of raw materials is: this organic granular matrix components volume ratio is: fermented maize core 80%, vermiculite 10%, plant ash or carbonization cavings 10%.
3) fermentative processing of corn cob:
1. corn cob is prewetted and is adjusted physical and chemical index: corn cob raw material can carry out fermentation pre-treatment after must being soaked in water or watering and prewetting, also need the indexs such as adjustment pH, C/N, EC value, water content before pre-treatment, specific targets are: pH5-7.0, C/N30-40:1, EC value 1.5-2.5 mS/cm, water content 50-65%.
2. feed intake and build heap: corn cob is dropped into fermentation reactor system pre-treatment in fermenter, stack degree of depth 1-1.2m; Or be placed directly in sunlight board lew cement fermentation place on heap make wide 1-2m, the heap of high 0.8-1.2m, length 5-30m carries out fermentation reactor system pre-treatment; Wherein ferment flute length 50-150m, wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, and bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, and groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness; Sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, and top is the sunlight board of good transmittance, canopy height 3-4m, long 20-60m, the cement flooring of wide 10-30m, 15cm thickness.
3. inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum: corn cob throws in fermenter or cement fermented field pre-treatment after 3-5 days, must add the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed and carry out abundant decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to it, the time is about 45 days, can according to season and the suitably adjustment of temperature height; And fermenting agent and corn cob are fully mixed; Do not have the fermenter of awning will cover sun-shading rainproof material; Wherein the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed is pulvis, and containing a large amount of beneficial microorganism, be made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 50kg.
4. measure temperature: after the rotten fermenting agent of step 3)-3. add high temperature speed, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at every morning 9:00-10:30 and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermenter or heap survey 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out first time turning when adding the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed, later turning frequency must according to season, and adopt " time to not isothermal; temperature is not to when waiting " principle, namely ferment in one week, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoid the formation of anaerobic environment, especially summer; After one week, temperature will stablize rising, and under normal circumstances, every other day turning once; Once temperature is more than 55 DEG C, necessary turning in time; When temperature is at 68-70 DEG C or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Thermophilic fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning needs to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content control is at 55-65%;
6. discharging process: when the color of corn cob fermentation materials becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with envrionment temperature, odorless, has obvious fermenting aroma, reaching after ferment effect just can discharging, dry, pulverize, enter next step after process of sieving;
4) processing treatment of plant ash or carbonization cavings: by for subsequent use for the granule materials that below particle diameter 6mm was pulverized, was screened into plant ash or carbonization cavings;
5) major ingredient auxiliary material mixing: by step 3), 4) obtain and drying, pulverize, sieve after raw and auxiliary material mix by formula rate, fully stir, after Homogeneous phase mixing organic granular matrix; This organic granular matrix N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 5%, organic content 60%, water content 35%, total porosity 85%, unit weight 0.5g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2.5, EC value be 1.0mS/cm, pH is 6.3, particle diameter 0.1-6mm, and wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Outward appearance is brown particles shape solid materials darkly, free from extraneous odour.
6) pack, weigh and packaging: by the finished product organic granular matrix mixed, quantitatively load woven bag, weigh, pack, seal after send into warehouse.
embodiment 2:
A kind of making method of pot flowers organic granular matrix, this matrix is by fermented maize slug particle, with the particulate solid material of vermiculite, plant ash or carbonization cavings mixed preparing, wherein fermented maize slug particle be dry, corn cob organic granular material that the corn cob pulverized is formed after abundant fermentation maturity process, this granule materials particle diameter≤6mm, wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Plant ash is stalk, trees, the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving that stay after weeds organic compound combustion, particle diameter 0-3mm; Carbonization cavings is the granule materials of black solid through pulverizing, sieving that rice husk carbonizing is formed, particle diameter 0-6mm; Plant ash and carbonization cavings are rich in potassium element and a small amount of boron, aluminium, manganese microelement, and its alkalescence is higher, for regulating the potential of hydrogen of matrix.
Corn ear first dries by the method, be broken into the corn cob granule of below particle diameter 6mm, then adopts and carries out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing containing beneficial microorganism fermenting agent, obtain fermented maize slug particle; Add vermiculite, plant ash or carbonization cavings again; These raw and auxiliary materials are fully stirred, Homogeneous phase mixing, then pack, weigh, pack warehouse-in; Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material and processing treatment: collect without going mouldy, be main raw material without the corn ear of insect pest, and carry out airing, break process formation corn cob granule, water content 5-11%, particle diameter≤6mm, wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Collection plant ash or carbonization cavings are as auxiliary material;
2) organic granular matrix parts by volume composition of raw materials is: this organic granular matrix components volume ratio is: 70 parts, fermented maize core, vermiculite 15 parts, plant ash or carbonization cavings 15 parts.
3) fermentative processing of corn cob:
1. corn cob is prewetted and is adjusted physical and chemical index: corn cob raw material can carry out fermentation pre-treatment after must being soaked in water or watering and prewetting, also need the indexs such as adjustment pH, C/N, EC value, water content before pre-treatment, specific targets are: pH5-7.0, C/N30-40:1, EC value 1.5-2.5 mS/cm, water content 50-65%.
2. feed intake and build heap: corn cob is dropped into fermentation reactor system pre-treatment in fermenter, stack degree of depth 1-1.2m; Or be placed directly in sunlight board lew cement fermentation place on heap make wide 1-2m, the heap of high 0.8-1.2m, length 5-30m carries out fermentation reactor system pre-treatment; Wherein ferment flute length 50-150m, wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, and bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, and groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness; Sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, and top is the sunlight board of good transmittance, canopy height 3-4m, long 20-60m, the cement flooring of wide 10-30m, 15cm thickness.
3. inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum: corn cob throws in fermenter or cement fermented field pre-treatment after 3-5 days, must add the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed and carry out abundant decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to it, the time is about 60 days, according to season and the suitably adjustment of temperature height; And fermenting agent and corn cob are fully mixed; Do not have the fermenter of awning will cover sun-shading rainproof material; Wherein the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed is pulvis, and containing a large amount of beneficial microorganism, be made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 40kg.
4. measure temperature: after the rotten fermenting agent of step 3)-3. add high temperature speed, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at every morning 9:00-10:30 and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermenter or heap survey 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out first time turning when adding the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed, later turning frequency must according to season, and adopt " time to not isothermal; temperature is not to when waiting " principle, namely ferment in one week, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoid the formation of anaerobic environment, especially summer; After one week, temperature will stablize rising, and under normal circumstances, every other day turning once; Once temperature is more than 55 DEG C, necessary turning in time; When temperature is at 68-70 DEG C or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Thermophilic fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning needs to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content control is at 55-65%;
6. discharging process: when the color of corn cob fermentation materials becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with envrionment temperature, odorless, has obvious fermenting aroma, reaching after ferment effect just can discharging, dry, pulverize, enter next step after process of sieving;
4) processing treatment of plant ash or carbonization cavings: by for subsequent use for the granule materials that below particle diameter 6mm was pulverized, was screened into plant ash or carbonization cavings;
5) major ingredient auxiliary material mixing: by step 3), 4) obtain and drying, pulverize, sieve after raw and auxiliary material mix by formula rate, fully stir, after Homogeneous phase mixing organic granular matrix; This organic granular matrix N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3%, organic content 50%, water content 45%, total porosity 75%, unit weight 0.6g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, EC value be 1.5mS/cm, pH is 6.8; This matrix outward appearance chocolate or Vandyke brown, free from extraneous odour.
6) pack, weigh and packaging: by the finished product organic granular matrix mixed, quantitatively load woven bag, weigh, pack, seal after send into warehouse.
embodiment 3:
A kind of making method of pot flowers organic granular matrix, this matrix is by fermented maize slug particle, with the particulate solid material of vermiculite, plant ash or carbonization cavings mixed preparing, wherein fermented maize slug particle be dry, corn cob organic granular material that the corn cob pulverized is formed after abundant fermentation maturity process, this granule materials particle diameter≤6mm, wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Plant ash is stalk, trees, the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving that stay after weeds organic compound combustion, particle diameter 0-3mm; Carbonization cavings is the granule materials of black solid through pulverizing, sieving that rice husk carbonizing is formed, particle diameter 0-6mm; Plant ash and carbonization cavings are rich in potassium element and a small amount of boron, aluminium, manganese microelement, and its alkalescence is higher, for regulating the potential of hydrogen of matrix.
Corn ear first dries by the method, be broken into the corn cob granule of below particle diameter 6mm, then adopts and carries out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing containing beneficial microorganism fermenting agent, obtain fermented maize slug particle; Add vermiculite, plant ash or carbonization cavings again; These raw and auxiliary materials are fully stirred, Homogeneous phase mixing, then pack, weigh, pack warehouse-in; Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material and processing treatment: collect without going mouldy, be main raw material without the corn ear of insect pest, and carry out airing, break process formation corn cob granule, water content 5-11%, particle diameter≤6mm, wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Collection plant ash or carbonization cavings are as auxiliary material;
2) this organic granular matrix components volume ratio is: fermented maize core 90%, vermiculite 5%, plant ash or carbonization cavings 5%.
3) fermentative processing of corn cob:
1. corn cob is prewetted and is adjusted physical and chemical index: corn cob raw material can carry out fermentation pre-treatment after must being soaked in water or watering and prewetting, also need the indexs such as adjustment pH, C/N, EC value, water content before pre-treatment, specific targets are: pH5-7.0, C/N30-40:1, EC value 1.5-2.5 mS/cm, water content 50-65%.
2. feed intake and build heap: corn cob is dropped into fermentation reactor system pre-treatment in fermenter, stack degree of depth 1-1.2m; Or be placed directly in sunlight board lew cement fermentation place on heap make wide 1-2m, the heap of high 0.8-1.2m, length 5-30m carries out fermentation reactor system pre-treatment; Wherein ferment flute length 50-150m, wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, and bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, and groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness; Sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, and top is the sunlight board of good transmittance, canopy height 3-4m, long 20-60m, the cement flooring of wide 10-30m, 15cm thickness.
3. inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum: corn cob throws in fermenter or cement fermented field pre-treatment after 3-5 days, the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed must be added abundant decomposition reactor system fermentative processing is carried out to it, time is about 30 days, suitably adjusts fermentation time according to season and temperature height; And fermenting agent and corn cob are fully mixed; Do not have the fermenter of awning will cover sun-shading rainproof material; Wherein the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed is pulvis, and containing a large amount of beneficial microorganism, be made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 60kg.
4. measure temperature: after the rotten fermenting agent of step 3)-3. add high temperature speed, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at every morning 9:00-10:30 and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermenter or heap survey 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out first time turning when adding the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed, later turning frequency must according to season, and adopt " time to not isothermal; temperature is not to when waiting " principle, namely ferment in one week, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoid the formation of anaerobic environment, especially summer; After one week, temperature will stablize rising, and under normal circumstances, every other day turning once; Once temperature is more than 55 DEG C, necessary turning in time; When temperature is at 68-70 DEG C or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Thermophilic fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning needs to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content control is at 55-65%;
6. discharging process: when the color of corn cob fermentation materials becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with envrionment temperature, odorless, has obvious fermenting aroma, reaching after ferment effect just can discharging, dry, pulverize, enter next step after process of sieving;
4) processing treatment of plant ash or carbonization cavings: by for subsequent use for the granule materials that below particle diameter 6mm was pulverized, was screened into plant ash or carbonization cavings;
5) major ingredient auxiliary material mixing: by step 3), 4) obtain and drying, pulverize, sieve after raw and auxiliary material mix by formula rate, fully stir, after Homogeneous phase mixing organic granular matrix; This organic granular matrix N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 4%, organic content>=55%, water content 40%, total porosity 83%, unit weight 0.4g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2, EC value be 0.75mS/cm, pH is 5.8; This matrix outward appearance chocolate or Vandyke brown, free from extraneous odour.
6) pack, weigh and packaging: by the finished product organic granular matrix mixed, quantitatively load woven bag, weigh, pack, seal after send into warehouse.
A kind of flowers organic granular matrix prepared by embodiment 1 may be used for the cultivation of the flowers such as kafir lily, turmeric, African chrysanthemum, curvature of the spinal column chrysanthemum, fairy bamboo, ivy and ornamental plant, and itself and conventional cultivation matrix simultaneous test effect are as follows:
Flower variety: kafir lily.
(1) choose flowerpot: cultivation kafir lily needs to choose the flowerpot of good permeability, use old flowerpot ventilation property for many years poor, soaking and washing, can use after being then exposed to the sun in the sunlight.
(2) organic granular matrix is thrown in: 2 kinds of flowers matrix organic granular matrix of the present invention and market bought are rendered in flowerpot respectively, and thickness adjusts according to height of flowerpot, general about 15cm.
(3) floriculture: be transplanted to gently in the middle of flowerpot by kafir lily, surrounding compacting compresses.
(4) water: after kafir lily cultivation, disposablely water permeable.
(5) manage: matrix keeps certain humidity, prevents excessive rotten of humidity; Every day ventilates 1-2 time; Room temp keeps 15-25 DEG C; Winter, needs were often got sun, and guaranteed that photosynthesis normally carries out.
(6) cultivation effect: the effect that different substrates grows kafir lily is in table 1.
The effect that table 1 different substrates grows kafir lily
| Matrix is originated | Vegetative period (my god) | Root system (bar) | Root length (cm) | Plant height (cm) | Leaf color |
| Flowers matrix 1 | 30 | 12.2 | 11.3 | 26.0 | Green |
| Flowers matrix 2 | 30 | 11.3 | 10.5 | 25.3 | Pale green |
| Embodiment 1 | 30 | 13.8 | 12.2 | 28.2 | Strong green |
Table 1 can be found out, a kind of flowers organic granular matrix that embodiment 1 is produced, and most of index is all a little more than other flowers matrix, and test shows, the result of use that the organic granular matrix of embodiment 1 is specifically good.
Claims (10)
1. the making method of a pot flowers organic granular matrix, this matrix is by fermented maize slug particle, with the particulate solid material of vermiculite, plant ash or carbonization cavings mixed preparing, it is characterized in that: corn ear first dries by the method, be ground into the corn cob granule of below particle diameter 6mm, then adopt and carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing containing beneficial microorganism fermenting agent, obtain fermented maize slug particle; Add vermiculite, plant ash or carbonization cavings again; These raw and auxiliary materials are fully stirred, Homogeneous phase mixing, then pack, weigh, pack warehouse-in; Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material and processing treatment: collecting what stay after corn grain is gathered in the crops is main raw material without going mouldy, without the corn ear of insect pest, and carry out airing, grinding and processing process formation corn cob granule, water content 5-11%, particle diameter≤6mm, wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Collection plant ash or carbonization cavings are as auxiliary material;
2) organic granular matrix parts by volume composition of raw materials is: fermented maize slug particle 70-90%, vermiculite 5-15%, plant ash or carbonization cavings 5-15%;
3) fermentative processing of corn cob:
1. corn cob is prewetted and is adjusted physical and chemical index: corn cob raw material can carry out fermentation pre-treatment after must being soaked in water or watering and prewetting, and also needs adjustment pH, C/N, EC value, water-content indicator before pre-treatment;
2. feed intake and build heap: corn cob is dropped into fermentation reactor system pre-treatment in fermenter, stack degree of depth 1-1.2m; Or be placed directly in sunlight board lew cement fermentation place on heap make wide 1-2m, the heap of high 0.8-1.2m, length 5-30m carries out fermentation reactor system pre-treatment;
3. inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum: corn cob throws in fermenter or cement fermented field pre-treatment after 3-5 days, must add the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed and carry out abundant decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to it, the time is 30-60 days, according to season and the adjustment of temperature height; And fermenting agent and corn cob are fully mixed; Do not have the fermenter of awning will cover sun-shading rainproof material;
4. measure temperature: after the rotten fermenting agent of step 3)-3. add high temperature speed, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at every morning 9:00-10:30 and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermenter or heap survey 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out first time turning when adding the rotten fermenting agent of high temperature speed, later turning frequency must according to season, and adopt " time to not isothermal; temperature is not to when waiting " principle, namely ferment in one week, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoid the formation of anaerobic environment, especially summer; After one week, temperature will stablize rising, and under normal circumstances, every other day turning once; Once temperature is more than 55 DEG C, necessary turning in time; When temperature is at 68-70 DEG C or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Thermophilic fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning needs to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content control is at 55-65%;
6. discharging process: when the color of corn cob fermentation materials becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with envrionment temperature, odorless, has obvious fermenting aroma, reaching after ferment effect just can discharging, dry, pulverize, enter next step after process of sieving;
4) processing treatment of plant ash or carbonization cavings: by for subsequent use for the granule materials that below particle diameter 6mm was pulverized, was screened into plant ash or carbonization cavings;
5) major ingredient auxiliary material mixing: by step 3), 4) obtain and drying, pulverize, sieve after raw and auxiliary material mix by formula rate, fully stir, after Homogeneous phase mixing organic granular matrix; This organic granular matrix N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3-5%, organic content>=50%, water content 35-45%, total porosity 75-90%, unit weight 0.4-0.6g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2-3, EC value be 0.75-1.5mS/cm, pH is 5.8-6.8; This matrix outward appearance chocolate or Vandyke brown, free from extraneous odour;
6) pack, weigh and packaging: by the finished product organic granular matrix mixed, quantitatively load woven bag, weigh, pack, seal after send into warehouse.
2. the making method of a kind of pot flowers organic granular matrix according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described fermented maize slug particle be dry, corn cob organic granular material that the corn cob pulverized is formed after abundant fermentation maturity process; this granule materials particle diameter≤6mm, wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%.
3. the making method of a kind of pot flowers organic granular matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described plant ash is stalk, trees, the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving that stay after weeds organic compound combustion, particle diameter 0-3mm; Described carbonization cavings is the granule materials of black solid through pulverizing, sieving that rice husk carbonizing is formed, particle diameter 0-6mm; Plant ash and carbonization cavings are rich in potassium element and a small amount of boron, aluminium, manganese microelement, and its alkalescence is higher, for regulating the potential of hydrogen of matrix.
4. the making method of a kind of pot flowers organic granular matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described physical and chemical index of step 3)-is 1.: pH5-7.0, C/N30-40:1, EC value 1.5-2.5 mS/cm, water content 50-65%.
5. the making method of a kind of pot flowers organic granular matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 3)-2. described fermentation flute length 50-150m, wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, and groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness; Described sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, and top is the sunlight board of good transmittance, canopy height 3-4m, long 20-60m, the cement flooring of wide 10-30m, 15cm thickness.
6. the making method of a kind of pot flowers organic granular matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the rotten fermenting agent of the described high temperature speed of step 3)-is 3. pulvis, containing a large amount of beneficial microorganism, be made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 40-60kg.
7. the making method of a kind of pot flowers organic granular matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this organic granular matrix components volume ratio is: fermented maize core 80%, vermiculite 10%, plant ash or carbonization cavings 10%.
8. the making method of a kind of pot flowers organic granular matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this organic granular matrix components volume ratio is: fermented maize core 70%, vermiculite 15%, plant ash or carbonization cavings 15%.
9. the making method of a kind of pot flowers organic granular matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this organic granular matrix components volume ratio is: fermented maize core 90%, vermiculite 5%, plant ash or carbonization cavings 5%.
10. the making method of a kind of pot flowers organic granular matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this organic granular matrix N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 5%, organic content 60%, water content 35%, total porosity 85%, unit weight 0.5g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2.5, EC value be 1.0mS/cm, pH is 6.3, particle diameter 0.1-6mm, and wherein 3-4mm accounts for 50-60%; Outward appearance is brown particles shape solid materials darkly, free from extraneous odour.
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| CN104945180A (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-09-30 | 耿跃 | Biomass soil for flower and plant cultivation and preparation method of biomass soil |
| CN104973894A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-14 | 镇江兴农有机肥有限公司 | Manufacturing method of non-ground stereo greening organic composite substrate |
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