CN103772004B - Special soilless seedling medium for strawberries - Google Patents

Special soilless seedling medium for strawberries Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103772004B
CN103772004B CN201310709360.4A CN201310709360A CN103772004B CN 103772004 B CN103772004 B CN 103772004B CN 201310709360 A CN201310709360 A CN 201310709360A CN 103772004 B CN103772004 B CN 103772004B
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strawberry
powder
special
native
natural pond
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CN103772004A (en
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蔡忠
蔡培元
朱忠贵
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Jiangsu Xingnong Matrix Technology Co. Ltd.
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ZHENJIANG XINGNONG ORGANIC FERTILIZER Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a special soilless seedling medium for strawberries, belonging to the technical field of strawberry cultivation. The medium is composed of 3-5 parts of alcohol biogas residue and straw powder mixed fermentation material, 1-3 parts of coconut shell powder base material, 1-2 parts of carbonized rice hull powder or coal cinder powder, 0.5-1 part of perlite and 1-2 parts of vermiculite and is additionally provided with a compound fertilizer which accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the total weight. The preparation method is concretely operated as follows: raw and auxiliary material collection and treatment; raw material formula; organic material composting and fermentation; coconut shell powder and other auxiliary materials addition and the like. The special soilless seedling medium for strawberries, disclosed by the invention, is loose in texture, rich in nutrient, high in organic matter content, nontoxic and harmless, free of weed seeds, rich in beneficial microorganism floras, capable of improving the disease resistance of strawberry plants and wide in application to soilless cultivation such as groove cultivation, bag cultivation and the like of the strawberries.

Description

A kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of strawberry seedling medium, particularly relate to a kind of strawberry special without native numerous seedling matrix, belong to technical field of strawberry cultivation.
Background technology
Strawberry is Rosaceae per nnial herb, and plant height is about about 30cm, fibrous root, distributes shallow.At present, China's strawberry major part adopts soil Root growth, and thus soil-borne disease and continuous cropping obstacle become the bottleneck of strawberry development, and transition medication, can affect strawberry quality.Promote protecting field soilless culture; overcoming soil-borne disease insect pest and continuous cropping obstacle, reducing pesticide dosage, producing the aspects such as safety tea garden and there is the unrivaled superiority of soil cultivation; greatly can improve the commodity rate of strawberry fruit, high yield, high-quality and efficient can be realized.
Breeding of strawberry seedling is the key link of cultivated strawberry success or not, breeds the common objective that the virus-free strawberry seedling of healthy high-quality is strawberry nursery unit and peasant household.Traditional strawberry seedling mainly takes comparatively simply extensive open country naked method for culturing seedlings, there is many disadvantages in it, fine quality-" the red cheek " etc. that Japan introduces has the shortcomings such as easy infection anthrax, under conventional open country naked rearing condition, catch an illness rate even up to 100%, and seedling death phenomenon is very serious.Adopt soilless substrate cave to coil numerous seedling technology, effectively can cut off the route of transmission of sprout term disease, control the diseased plant rate of anthrax etc., seedling rate is high, and Seedling Quality is good.Numerous seedling is coiled in soilless substrate cave needs the special numerous seedling matrix of the strawberry of high-quality.2011.11.30 Chinese patent CN102257948 A discloses the patent application of " composite interstitial substance for strawberry non-soil culture " of Hangzhou academy of agricultural sciences, and specifically discloses this matrix and be made up of peat, rice chaff ash, brick grain.Specifically disclosing containing selenium oil cake of flax seed, decomposed cow dung, rice husk and river sand in disclosed " a kind of seedling medium the producing organic Se-rich strawberry " Patent Application Publication of Chinese patent CN103039336 A on April 17th, 2013 is the strawberry seedling medium of raw material.
In sum, existing domestic strawberry seedling medium is mainly using peat, rice chaff ash, brick grain, oil cake of flax seed and animal excrement etc. as base starting material.But peat originates in northeast, resource is tight, can not regenerate, and the enterprise in Jiangsu uses peat cost very high; Oil cake of flax seed regionality is very strong, and Jiangsu does not have; Although animal excrement are nutritious, there is quantity few, collect the deficiencies such as difficulty, be difficult to the needs meeting factory culture.And there are a large amount of alcohol slags and coconut palm chaff in alcoholic extraction enterprise and Sucus Cocois manufacturing enterprise both at home and abroad, its organic content is abundanter, but utilization ways is not very extensive, and there is a large amount of stalk in rural area; Literature search finds, domesticly utilizes that alcohol slag, coconut palm chaff, stalk produce vegetables, stock growing and seedling medium have been reported, and with the special numerous seedling matrix of strawberry that alcohol slag, straw powder and coconut palm chaff powder are main material production, domesticly there is not yet relevant report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of with the mixed fermentation material of alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder and coconut shell flour for main raw material, produce nutrient and enrich, the special technical scheme without native numerous seedling matrix of the strawberry that physico-chemical property is good.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
A kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix, the alcohol natural pond slag processed by becoming thoroughly decomposed by fermentation and the mixture of straw powder, coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk or cinder powder, vermiculite and perlite form, it is characterized in that: described matrix is in parts by volume, and it consists of: mixed fermentation material 3-5 part of alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder, coconut shell flour base-material 1-3 part, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder 1-2 part, perlite 0.5-1 part, vermiculite 1-2 part;
Add the composite fertilizer of gross weight 0.1-0. 5% in addition.
Described matrix physical and chemical index is: particle diameter 0.5-5mm, water content 35-55%, total porosity 65-75%, unit weight 0.35-0.5g/ml, organic content>=35% in butt matter, N+P 2o 5+ K 2o total nutrient content 3-5%, EC value is 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:2-4, pH is 5.5-7.0; This matrix is the particulate solid of outward appearance brown or chocolate, free from extraneous odour.
Described alcohol natural pond slag is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, then produces through anaerobically fermenting the residue formed after biogas; Described straw powder is the agricultural crop straw through grinding and processing, granularity 1-5mm; The mixed fermentation material of described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder is alcohol natural pond slag and the mixture of straw powder after the process of high temperature quick rotting agent fermentation reactor system.
Described coconut shell flour base-material be domestic or import coconut palm chaff through the moistening material of water soaking processing treatment, water content 45-75%, particle diameter 1-5 millimeter.
Described carbonization rice husk powder is the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving stayed after combusting rice hull carbonization, particle diameter 0.5-2mm; Described cinder powder is the granule materials of slag through pulverizing, sieving that industry or Domestic coal stove produce, particle diameter 0.5-3mm.
Described high temperature quick rotting agent is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterium bacteria containing amount 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; High temperature quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder compound add high temperature quick rotting agent 15-20kg.
Described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder mixture fermentation maturity process composting time are 15-60 days.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is according to the characteristic of growing of Strawberry Seedlings, by after alcohol natural pond slag thin for quality and the straw powder mixed fermentation of having ventilated, coordinate with coconut palm chaff powder, carbonization rice husk etc., not only can regulate the potential of hydrogen of numerous seedling matrix, and have abundant trace element, be well suited for growing of Strawberry seedlings.
2, alcohol slag, straw powder, coconut palm chaff are all organic wastes, and quantity is many, and purposes is few, for the production of strawberry without the numerous seedling matrix of soil, can reduce environmental pollution, turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good.
3, the strawberry of the present invention's production is special without native numerous seedling matrix, quality is loose, nutrient content enriches, organic content is high, nontoxic, without weed seed, containing beneficial microbe colony, strawberry resistance against diseases can be improved, the soilless culture such as groove cultivation, bag cultivation of strawberry can be widely used in.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, illustrate the present invention further, this embodiment should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
embodiment 1:
A kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix, the alcohol natural pond slag processed by becoming thoroughly decomposed by fermentation and the mixture of straw powder, coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk or cinder powder, vermiculite and perlite form, it is characterized in that: described matrix is in parts by volume, and it consists of: 5 parts, the mixed fermentation material of alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder, coconut shell flour base-material 1 part, carbonization rice husk powder or 1 part, cinder powder, perlite 0.5 part, vermiculite 1 part; Add the composite fertilizer of gross weight 0. 5% in addition.
Described matrix physical and chemical index is: particle diameter 0.5mm, water content 35%, total porosity 65%, unit weight 0.35g/ml, organic content 35%, N+P in butt matter 2o 5+ K 2o total nutrient content 3%, EC value is 1.0mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:2, pH is 5.5; This matrix is the particulate solid of outward appearance brown or chocolate, free from extraneous odour.
Described alcohol natural pond slag is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, then produces through anaerobically fermenting the residue formed after biogas; Described straw powder is the agricultural crop straw through grinding and processing, granularity 1-5mm; The mixed fermentation material of described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder is alcohol natural pond slag and the mixture of straw powder after the process of high temperature quick rotting agent fermentation reactor system.
Described coconut shell flour base-material be domestic or import coconut palm chaff through the moistening material of water soaking processing treatment, water content 45%, particle diameter 5 millimeters.
Described carbonization rice husk powder is the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving stayed after combusting rice hull carbonization, particle diameter 2mm; Described cinder powder is the granule materials of slag through pulverizing, sieving that industry or Domestic coal stove produce, particle diameter 3mm.
Described high temperature quick rotting agent is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterium bacteria containing amount 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; High temperature quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder compound add high temperature quick rotting agent 20kg.
Described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder mixture fermentation maturity process composting time are 15 days.
embodiment 2:
A kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix, the alcohol natural pond slag processed by becoming thoroughly decomposed by fermentation and the mixture of straw powder, coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk or cinder powder, vermiculite and perlite form, it is characterized in that: described matrix is in parts by volume, and it consists of: 3 parts, the mixed fermentation material of alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder, coconut shell flour base-material 3 parts, carbonization rice husk powder or 2 parts, cinder powder, perlite 1 part, vermiculite 2 parts; Add the composite fertilizer of gross weight 0.1% in addition.
Described matrix physical and chemical index is: particle diameter 0.5-5mm, water content 55%, total porosity 75%, unit weight 0.5g/ml, organic content>=35% in butt matter, N+P 2o 5+ K 2o total nutrient content 5%, EC value is 2.0mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:4, pH is 7.0; This matrix is the particulate solid of outward appearance brown or chocolate, free from extraneous odour.
Described alcohol natural pond slag is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, then produces through anaerobically fermenting the residue formed after biogas; Described straw powder is the agricultural crop straw through grinding and processing, granularity 1-5mm; The mixed fermentation material of described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder is alcohol natural pond slag and the mixture of straw powder after the process of high temperature quick rotting agent fermentation reactor system.
Described coconut shell flour base-material be domestic or import coconut palm chaff through the moistening material of water soaking processing treatment, water content 75%, particle diameter 1-5 millimeter.
Described carbonization rice husk powder is the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving stayed after combusting rice hull carbonization, particle diameter 0.5mm; Described cinder powder is the granule materials of slag through pulverizing, sieving that industry or Domestic coal stove produce, particle diameter 0.5mm.
Described high temperature quick rotting agent is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterium bacteria containing amount 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; High temperature quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder compound add high temperature quick rotting agent 15kg.
Described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder mixture fermentation maturity process composting time are 60 days.
embodiment 3:
A kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix, the alcohol natural pond slag processed by becoming thoroughly decomposed by fermentation and the mixture of straw powder, coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk or cinder powder, vermiculite and perlite form, it is characterized in that: described matrix is in parts by volume, it consists of: this substrate formula volume ratio is: alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder mixed fermentation material 4 parts, coconut shell flour base-material 2 parts; Carbonization rice husk powder or 1 part, cinder powder, perlite 1 part, vermiculite 2 parts; Add the composite fertilizer of gross weight 0.3% in addition.
This matrix particle diameter 2mm, water content 40%, total porosity 70%, unit weight 0.4g/ml, organic content 36% in butt matter, total nutrient content 5%, EC value is 1.8mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:3, pH is 6.5.
Described alcohol natural pond slag is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, then produces through anaerobically fermenting the residue formed after biogas; Described straw powder is the agricultural crop straw through grinding and processing, granularity 1-5mm; The mixed fermentation material of described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder is alcohol natural pond slag and the mixture of straw powder after the process of high temperature quick rotting agent fermentation reactor system.
Described coconut shell flour base-material be domestic or import coconut palm chaff through the moistening material of water soaking processing treatment, water content 60%, particle diameter 1-5 millimeter.
Described carbonization rice husk powder is the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving stayed after combusting rice hull carbonization, particle diameter 0.5mm; Described cinder powder is the granule materials of slag through pulverizing, sieving that industry or Domestic coal stove produce, particle diameter 0.5mm.
Described high temperature quick rotting agent is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterium bacteria containing amount 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; High temperature quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder compound add high temperature quick rotting agent 18kg.
Described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder mixture fermentation maturity process composting time are 30 days.
Special other 2 kinds of strawberry seedling mediums without native numerous seedling matrix and market are bought of a kind of strawberry prepared by embodiment 3 are bred for Strawberry Seedlings jointly, and simultaneous test effect is as follows:
Kind: Hong Jia
Numerous seedling facility: the flowerpot of plastic greenhouse, strawberry high-level cultivating bed, 2-3L capacity, 15 or 32 holes dish (aperture 7cm, high 7cm)
Numerous seedling mode: the numerous seedling of stolon
Numerous seedling time: the 3-8 month in 2013
Select seedling: selection group training detoxification original seed generation strong sprout is strawberry seedling, cultivate March in the flowerpot of 2-3L capacity, carry out breeding of Original Strawberry seedling, until when Pot-strawberry original seed seedling enters reproductive stage and occurs stolon, select well developed root system, leaf look dark green, and without scab, the healthy original seed seedling of high-quality of rhizome 2-5cm carries out breeding of cultivated strawberry seedling.
Seedling-breeding method: before field planting 1 ~ 2 day to cave dish disinfection after, by embodiment 3 and contrast the numerous seedling matrix of strawberry, spread respectively after regulating corresponding water content cave dish in, make real pressing.Then the sprout of Original Strawberry seedling stolon is pressed in the disk hole of cave one by one, sprout retaining clip is fixed in matrix, it is made to take root as early as possible, breed into independently individual, treat the strawberry height of seedling 6-8cm that stolon is bred, rhizome about 1cm also has more than 10 white root systems, 4-7 sheet expanded leaves, just can transplant during more than Weight per plant 30g, every basin original seed seedling can breed Strawberry Seedlings 30-60 strain.
The Strawberry Seedlings physical signs that the numerous seedling matrix of different strawberries is bred is in table 1
Matrix is originated Plant height (cm) Weight per plant (g) Launch the number of sheets Leaf look Rhizome (cm) White root (bar) Healthy state
Ck1 8.1 29.5 5.9 Light green 0.9 11.8 Without disease and pest
Ck2 8.2 29.8 6.1 Light green 1.0 12.3 Without disease and pest
Embodiment 3 8.6 30.2 6.4 Dark green 1.05 12.5 Without disease and pest
Table 1 can be found out, special without native numerous seedling matrix, most of index is all a little more than other matrix, and test shows for embodiment 3 strawberry of preparing, the special result of use specifically good without native numerous seedling matrix of strawberry of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix, the alcohol natural pond slag processed by becoming thoroughly decomposed by fermentation and the mixture of straw powder, coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk or cinder powder, vermiculite and perlite form, it is characterized in that: described matrix is in parts by volume, and it consists of:
Mixed fermentation material 3-5 part of alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder
Coconut shell flour base-material 1-3 part
Carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder 1-2 part
Perlite 0.5-1 part
Vermiculite 1-2 part
Add the composite fertilizer of gross weight 0.1-0. 5% in addition;
Described matrix physical and chemical index is: particle diameter 0.5-5mm, water content 35-55%, total porosity 65-75%, unit weight 0.35-0.5g/ml, organic content >=35% in butt matter, total nutrient content 3-5%, EC value is 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:2-4, pH is 5.5-7.0; This matrix is the particulate solid of outward appearance brown or chocolate, free from extraneous odour.
2. a kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described alcohol natural pond slag is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, then produces through anaerobically fermenting the residue formed after biogas; Described straw powder is the agricultural crop straw through grinding and processing, granularity 1-5mm; The mixed fermentation material of described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder is alcohol natural pond slag and the mixture of straw powder after the process of high temperature quick rotting agent fermentation reactor system.
3. a kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described coconut shell flour base-material be domestic or import coconut palm chaff through the moistening material of water soaking processing treatment, water content 45-75%, particle diameter 1-5 millimeter.
4. a kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described carbonization rice husk powder is the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving stayed after combusting rice hull carbonization, particle diameter 0.5-2mm; Described cinder powder is the granule materials of slag through pulverizing, sieving that industry or Domestic coal stove produce, particle diameter 0.5-3mm.
5. a kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described high temperature quick rotting agent is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterium bacteria containing amount 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; High temperature quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder compound add high temperature quick rotting agent 15-20kg.
6. a kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described total nutrient is N+P 2o 5+ K 2o.
7. a kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this substrate formula volume ratio is: alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder mixed fermentation material 4 parts, coconut shell flour base-material 2 parts; Carbonization rice husk powder or 1 part, cinder powder, perlite 1 part, vermiculite 2 parts; Add the composite fertilizer of gross weight 0.3% in addition.
8. a kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this matrix particle diameter 2mm, water content 40%, total porosity 70%, unit weight 0.4g/ml, organic content 36% in butt matter, total nutrient content 5%, EC value is 1.8mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:3, pH is 6.5.
9. a kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder mixture fermentation maturity process composting time are 15-60 days.
10. a kind of strawberry is special without native numerous seedling matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described alcohol natural pond slag and straw powder mixture fermentation maturity process composting time are 30 days.
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