CN103214310A - Seedling raising substrate taking Chinese medicinal herb residue as raw material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seedling raising substrate taking Chinese medicinal herb residue as raw material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103214310A CN103214310A CN2013101398435A CN201310139843A CN103214310A CN 103214310 A CN103214310 A CN 103214310A CN 2013101398435 A CN2013101398435 A CN 2013101398435A CN 201310139843 A CN201310139843 A CN 201310139843A CN 103214310 A CN103214310 A CN 103214310A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising substrate taking Chinese medicinal herb residue as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. The substrate comprises the following constituents of the Chinese medicinal herb residue, plant ash, perlite or medical stone and a fermentation auxiliary in volume ratio of (1-3):(1-3):(1-2):(0.001-0.0005). The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 1, fermenting the herb residue; and 2, preparing the end product. Compared with vegetables cultured by adopting other substrates, organic vegetables cultured by adopting the substrate contain abundant major elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and eighteen trace elements such as zinc, iron, selenium, copper, strontium, iodine, fluorine, metasilicic acid and the like; the substrate has the effects of promoting the health growth of plants, improving the abilities of resisting diseases, pests and natural disasters and improving the drought resisting ability of the plants; and the organic vegetables are higher in the contents of vitamin C and other vitamins and minerals, better in quality and higher in nutritive value compared with like products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling medium and preparation method thereof, relating to a kind of specifically is the seedling medium and preparation method thereof of raw material with the medium-height grass dregs of a decoction, belongs to facilities horticulture organic vegetable field.
Background technology
Organic vegetable is meant in the vegetables production process in strict accordance with organic producting rule, do not use the materials such as agricultural chemicals, fertilizer, weedicide and growth regulator of any chemosynthesis, and do not use genetically engineered biological and product thereof, but follow the course of nature and ecological principle, take the agrotechnique of a series of Sustainable developments, coordinate the plantation balance, it is continual and steady to keep agroecosystem, and identify authentication through Organic food certification authority, and issue the vegetable products of Organic food certificate.What the plantation of organic vegetable was particular about is safe, the natural mode of production, can promote and keep the eubiosis well.Organic vegetable does not have chemical residual, and mouthfeel is good, and has been proved to be than common vegetable and has more nutrition.Organic vegetable enters into common people house abroad already, the organic vegetable of Japan is up to 80% popularity rate, and it is higher in the popularity rate of the U.S., along with Chinese growth in the living standard, organic vegetable also will more and more be subjected to people's favor in China, people are strong day by day to the demand of safety food, and the domestic market prospect is very optimistic.Therefore, thus garden crop to all realize organic soilless cultivation matrix.
Soilless culture is meant the method for carrying out arable farming without natural soil with matrix, is mainly used in the cultivation of gourd, fruit and vegetable or flower plants and nursery stock, is that a water-saving is economized fertile saving of labor's high yield and high quality modern technique again.
Substrate culture is a kind of mode of popularizing area maximum in the soilless culture.It is that root system with crop is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, supplies with crop alimentary liquid.
At present, several seedling mediums commonly used both at home and abroad have: rock wool, frog stone, the peat composed of rotten mosses, slag ash, the mushroom slag, perlite, fine sand, the luxurious chaff of charing, wood sawdust, coconut husk, the reed end, dig slag, corn cob, rice bran, cotton seed hulls, residue from beans after making and organic, the matrix that inorganic materials and microbial preparation are composite etc., in these base starting materials, process is a certain proportion of composite between them, can solve the physical behavior of matrix, a good growing environment is provided for rice shoot, but the nutrient that it contains is limited, the nutrient of self can not satisfy the demand of seedling growth, needs other extra-nutrition liquid.
Along with applying of cultivation technique without soil, the demand of matrix is increasing, the kind of matrix is also more and more abundanter, present sectionalization gradually, the development trend of customizations, present topmost matrix species is divided into two kinds of seedling medium and cultivation matrixes, seedling medium is divided into the special-purpose seedling medium of vegetables again, the special-purpose seedling medium of melon and fruit, raising rice seedlings dedicated substrate and flower plants and nursery stock special use segmentation such as (cuttage) matrix type of growing seedlings, seedling medium is the dedicated substrate according to needed nutrition and the physico chemical factor preparation of rooting as vegetative organ
China is Chinese medicinal material industry big country, and the quantity discharged of the annual Chinese medicine slag of China reaches more than 3,000 ten thousand tons, only has part to be used appropriately in these wastes, the overwhelming majority still is as burning landfill by traditional method, not only to exhaust a large amount of funds, the waste resource, and severe contamination environment.
By retrieval both at home and abroad about document, the result shows: domesticly utilize Chinese medicine slag class organic waste research has some reports as cultivation matrix, as university such as suburb, Wuzhou, Guangxi agricultural technique spread station, biology department of Anhui Normal University, Zhengzhou animal husbandry higher junior college bioengineering dept, Qujing, Yunnan health school and research unit many pieces of research papers reports are arranged.Do not see both at home and abroad and utilize the report of Chinese medicine slag class waste as seedling medium;
Comprehensive institute's searching document both at home and abroad, 1, the domestic report that Chinese medicine slag class waste is arranged as cultivation matrix, but do not see that the report of Chinese medicine slag class waste as seedling medium arranged;
2, do not see that abroad the report of Chinese medicine slag class waste as the tomb matter of growing seedlings arranged yet.
3, a common issue with of domestic and international currently used matrix existence: the nutrient that contains in the matrix is limited, and the nutrient of self can not satisfy the demand of seedling growth, needs other extra-nutrition liquid, and certain technical difficulty is arranged in applying process.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of plant strain growth stalwartness of impelling to be provided, and strengthens the ability of its disease-resistant worm and natural disaster, what also have the effect that improves the plant drought ability is the seedling medium of raw material with the medium-height grass dregs of a decoction.
In order to address the above problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of is the seedling medium of raw material with the medium-height grass dregs of a decoction, and this matrix composition and volume calculation ratio are: medium-height grass dregs of a decoction 1-3: plant ash 1-3: perlite or medical stone 1-2: fermentation assistant 0.001-0.0005.
Below be the further optimization of the present invention to such scheme:
The composition of the described medium-height grass dregs of a decoction and volume calculation ratio are: Radix Codonopsis or genseng or Root of Heterophylly Faalsestarwort 1-3: the coptis or golden cypress 1-3: kuh-seng 1-3; Matrimony vine 1-3: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 1-3: castor seeds 1-3: Herba Artemisiae Anomalae 1-3: black snake 1-3.
Further optimize:
Described fermentation assistant is an EM bacterium straw starter.
The present invention also provide a kind of above-mentioned be the preparation method of the seedling medium of raw material with the medium-height grass dregs of a decoction, this method may further comprise the steps:
1, the dregs of a decoction is fermented;
A, Radix Codonopsis or genseng Root of Heterophylly Faalsestarwort, the coptis or golden cypress, kuh-seng, matrimony vine, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, castor seeds, Herba Artemisiae Anomalae, the black snake bright wet medium-height grass dregs of a decoction of water content 75-80% after according to above-mentioned volume ratio mixing lixiviating effective components are directly pulverized 1 time;
B, airing one day make water content reduce to 65-70%, spray EM bacterium straw starter 1Kg/m
3Admix the herbal medicine slag muck and cover fermentation; Through 24～48 hours, the heap temperature reached 65～75 degrees centigrade; Kept 10～15 hours, the fermentation of turning is for the first time built the back and is continued fermentation, evenly turns once every three days, after 6 days, evenly turns once every 3 days; When temperature is reduced to 55 ℃, evenly turned once every 7 days; When heap temperature is reduced to envrionment temperature, ferment and finish, totally 35～40 days.
2, preparation finished product;
With the good herbal medicine slag charge of fermentation airing, add plant ash, perlite or medical stone, the Main physical index that the matrix behind the uniform mixing has is unit weight 0.4-0.6g/cm
3, overall porosity 52-60%, ventilative space 4-7%, water holding space 49-51%.
The organic vegetable that adopts this substrate formula to plant out, the vegetables that come out than other substrate culture, contain 18 kinds of trace elements such as abundant potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus major element and zinc, iron, selenium, copper, strontium, iodine, fluorine, metasilicic acid and can impel the plant strain growth stalwartness, strengthen the ability of its disease-resistant worm and natural disaster, have the effect that improves the plant drought ability in addition.Other VITAMIN such as organic vegetable vitamins C and content of mineral substances are also than higher.Better than like product quality, nutritive value is higher.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, the organic raising seedling matrix that a kind of medium-height grass dregs of a decoction are raw material, this matrix composition and volume calculation ratio are: the medium-height grass dregs of a decoction 1: medical stone 1: vegetation charcoal 1: fermentation assistant 0.001, described fermentation assistant are EM bacterium straw starter, are produced by Shandong monarch's moral bio tech ltd.
The composition of the described medium-height grass dregs of a decoction and volume calculation ratio are: Radix Codonopsis 1: the coptis 1: kuh-seng 1: matrimony vine 1: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 1: castor seeds 1 Herba Artemisiae Anomalae 1: black snake 1.
The said herbal medicine slag be the preparation method of organic raising seedling matrix of raw material with following step:
1, dregs of a decoction fermentation:
The wet medium-height grass dregs of a decoction (water content 75-80%) of aquatic foods of Radix Codonopsis, the coptis, kuh-seng, matrimony vine, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, castor seeds, Herba Artemisiae Anomalae, black snake mixing lixiviating effective components are directly pulverized 1 time (the wet medium-height grass dregs of a decoction of aquatic foods are scaled dry matter weight, the dry-matter consumption is 80%), good fine gas airing one day, make water content reduce to 65-70%, spray EM bacterium straw starter 1Kg/m
3Admix the herbal medicine slag muck and cover fermentation; Through 24～48h, the heap temperature reaches 65～75, keeps 10～15 hours, and the fermentation of turning is for the first time built the back and continued fermentation, evenly turns once every three days, after 6 days, evenly turns once every 3 days; When temperature is reduced to 55 ℃, evenly turned once every 7 days; When heap temperature is reduced to envrionment temperature, ferment and finish, totally 35 days.
2, preparation finished product;
With the good herbal medicine slag charge of fermentation airing, add plant ash, medical stone, the base behind the uniform mixing
The Main physical index that matter has is unit weight 0.4g/cm
3, overall porosity 52%, ventilative space 4%, water holding space 49%.
In cucumber, tomato, pepper seedling raising test, cotyledon is open and flat, leaf look green, well developed root system, and ventilation property, uniting property of root system are good, can effectively prevent and treat nematode, and killing pathogenic bacteria suppresses pathogenic bacterium in the soil, alleviates figure and propagates disease, solves problems such as continuous cropping obstacle.Safe in utilization, ecological, environmental protective.Use this product can promote the root system of plant prosperity, propose the strong strain of seedling, the degraded drug residue improves product quality.
The organic vegetable that adopts this substrate formula to plant out, the vegetables that come out than other substrate culture, contain 18 kinds of trace elements such as abundant potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus major element and zinc, iron, selenium, copper, strontium, iodine, fluorine, metasilicic acid and can impel the plant strain growth stalwartness, strengthen the ability of its disease-resistant worm and natural disaster, have the effect that improves the plant drought ability in addition.Other VITAMIN such as organic vegetable vitamins C and content of mineral substances are also than higher.Better than like product quality, nutritive value is higher.
Implement 2, present embodiment comprises that with the different matrix that are of embodiment 1 component and parts by volume are;
The medium-height grass dregs of a decoction 2: perlite 2: vegetation charcoal 1:EM bacterium straw starter 0.0003 uniform mixing forms.
The composition of the described medium-height grass dregs of a decoction and volume calculation ratio are: genseng 2: golden cypress 2: kuh-seng 2: matrimony vine 3: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 3: castor seeds 3: Herba Artemisiae Anomalae 2: black snake 3.
Preparation process is substantially with embodiment 1, totally 36 days.
Through test determination, the matrix of present embodiment, its unit weight is 0.5g/cm
3, overall porosity 55%, ventilative voidage 6%, water holding space 50%.
Implement 3, present embodiment comprises that with the different matrix that are of embodiment 1 component and parts by volume are;
The medium-height grass dregs of a decoction 3: perlite 3: vegetation charcoal 3:EM bacterium straw starter 0.0005 uniform mixing forms.
The composition of the described medium-height grass dregs of a decoction and volume calculation ratio are: genseng 3: golden cypress 3: kuh-seng 3: matrimony vine 2: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 2: castor seeds 2: Herba Artemisiae Anomalae 3: black snake 2.
Preparation process is substantially with embodiment 1, totally 40 days.
Through test determination, the matrix of present embodiment, the Main physical index that has is unit weight 0.6g/cm
3, overall porosity 60%, ventilative space 7%, water holding space 51%.
On matrix that the present invention is adopted and the market other matrix cucumber, tomato, capsicum, in carry out seedling growth test:
1. needle mushroom: fertilizer: dried poultrymanure: composite fertilizer;
2. needle mushroom: machine fertilizer: composite fertilizer;
3. needle mushroom: the peat composed of rotten mosses: composite fertilizer;
4. needle mushroom: fertilizer: composite fertilizer;
5. needle mushroom: chicken manure;
6. Chinese medicine slag: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite or medical stone.
Experimental result is as follows:
EC value (us/cm)
| Time | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 25/8 | 2400 | 3200 | 3200 | 5400 | 4500 | 724 |
| 2/9 | 1140 | 720 | 1900 | 1900 | 1200 | 510 |
| 8/9 | 880 | 618 | 1224 | 1120 | 918 | 480 |
| 22/9 | 643 | 700 | 970 | 1120 | 740 | 600 |
Seedling rate
The result shows that in cucumber, tomato, pepper seedling raising test, cotyledon is open and flat, leaf look green, well developed root system, ventilation property, uniting property of root system are good, can effectively prevent and treat nematode, killing pathogenic bacteria, suppress pathogenic bacterium in the soil, alleviate figure and propagate disease, solve problems such as continuous cropping obstacle.Safe in utilization, the ecological, environmental protective of this matrix.Use this product can promote the root system of plant prosperity, propose the strong strain of seedling, the degraded drug residue improves product quality.
Different substrates seedling rate, growth potential, root system development have notable difference, the organic vegetable that adopts this substrate formula to plant out, the vegetables that come out than other substrate culture, contain 18 kinds of trace elements such as abundant potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus major element and zinc, iron, selenium, copper, strontium, iodine, fluorine, metasilicic acid and can impel the plant strain growth stalwartness, strengthen the ability of its disease-resistant worm and natural disaster, have the effect that improves the plant drought ability in addition.Other VITAMIN such as organic vegetable vitamins C and content of mineral substances are also than higher.Better than like product quality, nutritive value is higher.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is the seedling medium of raw material with the medium-height grass dregs of a decoction, it is characterized in that: this matrix composition and volume calculation ratio are: medium-height grass dregs of a decoction 1-3: plant ash 1-3: perlite or medical stone 1-2: fermentation assistant 0.001-0.0005.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of be the seedling medium of raw material with the medium-height grass dregs of a decoction, it is characterized in that:
The composition of the described medium-height grass dregs of a decoction and volume calculation ratio are: Radix Codonopsis or genseng or Root of Heterophylly Faalsestarwort 1-3: the coptis or golden cypress 1-3: kuh-seng 1-3; Matrimony vine 1-3: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 1-3: castor seeds 1-3: Herba Artemisiae Anomalae 1-3: black snake 1-3.
3. according to claim 1 and 2 a kind of be the seedling medium of raw material with the medium-height grass dregs of a decoction, it is characterized in that: described fermentation assistant is an EM bacterium straw starter.
One kind as claimed in claim 3 be the preparation method of the seedling medium of raw material with the medium-height grass dregs of a decoction, it is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:
1), the dregs of a decoction is fermented;
A, Radix Codonopsis or genseng Root of Heterophylly Faalsestarwort, the coptis or golden cypress, kuh-seng, matrimony vine, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, castor seeds, Herba Artemisiae Anomalae, the black snake bright wet medium-height grass dregs of a decoction of water content 75-80% after according to above-mentioned volume ratio mixing lixiviating effective components are directly pulverized 1 time;
B, airing one day make water content reduce to 65-70%, spray EM bacterium straw starter 1Kg/m
3Admix the herbal medicine slag muck and cover fermentation; Through 24～48 hours, the heap temperature reached 65～75 degrees centigrade; Kept 10～15 hours, the fermentation of turning is for the first time built the back and is continued fermentation, evenly turns once every three days, after 6 days, evenly turns once every 3 days; When temperature is reduced to 55 ℃, evenly turned once every 7 days; When heap temperature is reduced to envrionment temperature, ferment and finish, totally 35～40 days;
2), preparation finished product;
With the good herbal medicine slag charge of fermentation airing, add plant ash, perlite or medical stone, the Main physical index that the matrix behind the uniform mixing has is unit weight 0.4-0.6g/cm
3, overall porosity 52-60%, ventilative space 4-7%, water holding space 49-51%.
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