CN103214315A - Greening matrix containing quarry mucks, animal manures, straws and charcoal powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Greening matrix containing quarry mucks, animal manures, straws and charcoal powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103214315A CN103214315A CN2013101693385A CN201310169338A CN103214315A CN 103214315 A CN103214315 A CN 103214315A CN 2013101693385 A CN2013101693385 A CN 2013101693385A CN 201310169338 A CN201310169338 A CN 201310169338A CN 103214315 A CN103214315 A CN 103214315A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention relates to a greening matrix containing quarry mucks, animal manures, straws and charcoal powder and a preparation method of the greening matrix. The greening matrix comprises the following components including quarry mucks, animal manures, straws and charcoal powder. By using the greening matrix provided by the invention, vegetation is greened again, so that soil erosion resistibility and water and soil loss interception ability are increased, land and water resources can be protected, environment can be beautified, water and soil loss caused by stacking waste slag is reduced, biological environment of mines is improved, and cyclic utilization of land sources is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dregs recycling field, stone quarry, be specifically related to a kind of afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Stone quarry dregs: be meant the dregs that is produced in the construction processs such as quarry blasting excavation, hand excavation.
Dregs source, stone quarry and statistics:
Since the eighties in 20th century, along with country to the increasing sharply and the fast development of mining and metallurgy economy of Mineral resources demand, the ecological damage problem that causes because of mining also is on the rise, particularly strip mining transformation.According to Bureau of Land and Resources survey data in the end of the year 2005 statistics, whole nation mining destroys land area and adds up to 5,860,000 hectares, and destroy and plough about 1,570,000 hectares, and still with annual 40000 hectares speed increase.Mining causes large-scale land destruction and vegetation deterioration, in the China and even the world, all be one very serious, and the problem of being paid much attention to day by day.The soil improvement of realization abandoned quarry and vegetation are multiple green to be the key point of administering abandoned mine, is the most important thing of improving Beijing ecotope, promoting economy and harmonious development.
The harm of dregs: for many years, because the unreasonable exploitation of Mineral resources, add extensive management, lack planning, not only cause the huge waste of resource, and havoc local ecotope.Winter-spring season, wind plays sand and raises, and abandoned mine provides the material source for dust and sand weather.To rainy season, because vegetation is exposed, soil fail, the soil erosion aggravation, and easily cause natural geologic hazards such as landslide, landslide.
The dregs processing mode: the main mode that China disposes dregs is to select bottom land, wasteland to carry out air storage, has not only taken a large amount of soils, has aggravated the contradiction of having a large population and a few land, and contaminated soil, water body and atmosphere, influences urban look.
As seen by above-mentioned, dregs direct utility value in stone quarry is low, is the huge waste of resource.Dregs is piled up mining area view, land resources, water surrounding, species diversity etc. is all had an immense impact on, even jeopardizes human existence with healthy, the Sustainable development of range of influence economy.
Stalk: stalk is the general name of ripe farm crop cauline leaf (fringe) part, is often referred to wheat, paddy rice, corn, potato class, oil plant, cotton, sugarcane and other farm crop remainder behind the results seed.
The stalk source: the food crop stalk still is the staple crop stalk type of China.Rice straw, maize straw, wheat stalk are three the highest big crop materials of Chinese output.Ultimate productions such as elementary processed side product of agricultural-food such as rice husk, corn cob, bagasse, beet pulp add up to above 100,000,000 tons.
Stalk statistics and processing: China is as large agricultural country, byproducts such as agricultural crop straw are important agricultural resources, contain abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements, in field burning or accumulation, resource but also contaminate environment had not only been wasted, and byproducts such as agricultural crop straw over half are stacked everywhere and are used as yule logs, and under the dry windy weather of northern China, they often are the roots that causes and encourage wildfire.According to incompletely statistics, the annual financial loss that causes because of the agricultural crop straw initiation fire just reaches 1,500,000,000 yuan more than.
Animal manure: be the movement of livestock, based on cow dung, pig manure and sheep excrement.Along with Developing of Animal Industry; the livestock breed amount of China is in continuous increase; the quantity discharged of excrement of animals is also in continuous increase; intensive cultivation already develop improved people's living standard greatly in; also brought huge pressure to environment protection; problem of environmental pollution has become the important factor of restriction livestock industry sustainable development; 100 tons of ammonia, 30 tons in phosphorus in the annual discharging in thousand pig farms environment; environmental pollution is from common point-source pollution steering surface source; with Beijing is example, and only excrement of animals generation in 2008 just reaches 7,860,000 tons.Therefore, the environmental problem that livestock is cultured generation is very serious, how to have dealt carefully with the environmental pollution that brings in the breeding process, is the major issue that is related to regional economy development and environment protection.Common treatment process is to be mixed with feed with other products at present, or add probiotics such as EM and reduce stink in the animal manure, but, the ight soil that most fairly large plants produce still is treated to the master to topple over to abandon, not only pollute environment and also caused the waste of resource, realizing the harmless treatment of excrement of animals, is the current vital task of China.
Wood charcoal powder: the powdered carbon that wood charcoal powder is made for the forestry residuum.During wood charcoal powder is manured into soil, the ventilation property and the water-retentivity of soil be can not only improve, the productivity in soil and the quality of product improved, the poisonous metal in the also adsorbable mineral dregs, improve the vigor of soil microorganisms, and blocked the passage that charcoal itself becomes carbon source.In addition, by improving the increment of plant, can absorb the CO in the atmosphere more
2, improve carbon remittance effect.Wood charcoal powder has been applied to removing water pollutant, making fragrant incense and firecrackers at present, absorbing formaldehyde is removed obnoxious flavour etc.
Dregs utilizes the aspect:
The CN201210045597.2(publication number is CN102584456A, open day is on July 18th, 2012) a kind of afforesting matrix that utilizes the discarded dregs preparation in stone quarry is disclosed, its prescription is: dregs, sewage sludge, stalk, sheep excrement, water-holding agent, Bacillus licheniformis are discarded in the stone quarry.
The CN201210351301.X(publication number is CN102910941A, open day is on 02 06th, 2013) a kind of method of utilizing the Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu to prepare biological organic fertilizer disclosed, this method is to take off the raw material of row weight part: 100-150 part Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu, 40-50 part poultry manure, 20-30 part bagasse, 20-30 part ore dregs, humic acids 15-20,0.1-0.2 portion starter, earlier the Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu is dropped into crusher for crushing, again with behind Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu particle and above-mentioned other raw material thorough mixing, putting into fermentation vat ferments, fermented 30-50 days, carry out the turning operation in the fermenting process, turning in 5-10 days once, after temperature is reduced to 20-30 ℃ by 60-70 ℃, leave standstill again and stacked 10-20 days, fermentation ends adds 10-15% biological compound fungi liquid to the material that ferments again, and granulation obtains bio-organic fertilizer then.
The mixed fertilizer of stalk, charcoal, ight soil preparation:
The CN200610021336.1(publication number is CN1884216A, open day is on December 27th, 2006, hereinafter to be referred as 06 year patent) a kind of method of utilizing fowl and animal excrement to make biological organic fertilizer disclosed, at first respectively to stalk, peat is pulverized, again feces of livestock and poultry, straw powder, peat by weight the mixed of 2-3:1-2:1-2 evenly after, weight ratio by said components total amount: composite fungus agent=7-8:3-2 adds composite fungus agent again, adding an amount of water again inserts the fermenting groove and fermented at normal temperatures 5-10 days, need in the fermenting process material to be stirred and oxygenation by slot type track stirrer and driving stirring oxygenating machine, stir and the method for oxygenation is every day 1-2 time, each slot type track stirrer and driving stirring oxygenating machine be to 1-2 reciprocation cycle of each fermenter work, fermentation back taking-up carrying out biological drying.
The CN201110118433.3(publication number is CN102219570A, and open day is on October 19th, 2011) disclose a kind of feces of livestock and poultry that utilizes and made high-efficiency active biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof.At first feces of livestock and poultry, stalk, peat are carried out pre-treatment, again with feces of livestock and poultry, straw powder and peat mixed by weight 3-5:1-2:1-2, again by the said components total amount: the weight ratio of highly enriched organic material composting microbial inoculum=5000-10000:1-2 adds compound decomposing microbial inoculum, the fertile fermentation of the laggard windrow of mixing 7-10 days, during need every day that material is carried out 1-2 stirring.Peat has higher nutrition, adds the physico-chemical property index that can improve in the soil in the soil to, is more conducive to plant-growth.
The CN200810015636.8(publication number is CN101248738A, open day is on 08 27th, 2008) relate to a kind of melon raise seedling or stalk cultivation ground mass, it is characterized in that forming: stalk fermentation thing 35-80% by the raw material of following volume proportion, chemical fertilizer 0.2-0.5%, base-material 19.5-64.8%, base-material be more than one or base-material of the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite or vermiculite be the peat composed of rotten mosses, river sand more than one.
The CN201010600447.4(publication number is CN102119651A, open day is on 07 13rd, 2011) a kind of small-sized soilless culture method and device disclosed, it is contained in nutritive medium to support plants in dish or the nutritive medium liquid storing pool, crop is promptly planted in nutritive medium, add imitative soil material in the described nutritive medium, imitative soil material comprises the raw material of following weight part: organic substance 20-90, nonmetallic mineral 2-80, wherein organic substance is a peat, fermented stalk, the fermentation bagasse, a kind of or its mixture in the fermented livestock excrement, described nonmetallic mineral is a coal ash, slag, zeolite, wilkinite, albumen shale, Attapulgite ore deposit soil, perlite, vermiculite, the rectorite leng clay, the sepiolite clay, a kind of or its mixture in the diatomite; The ratio 5-2:1 of nutritive medium and imitative soil material.The purpose of this patent is to dispose a kind of nutritive medium, stresses soilless culture.
And in the prior art:
The noncapillary poropsity of stone quarry dregs is big, and capillary porosity is little, and soil water retention is poor, nutritive element content is lower, and level of aggregation is relatively poor, does not possess the necessary edatope of vegetation growth, use it for the greening base material, just must improve its physicochemical character, realize the reconstruction of artificial soil.
Animal manure all is used as the high-quality fertilizer and obtains conversion, utilization by agroecosystem since ancient times.Nowadays, development extensive, the intensive cultivation industry causes fowl and animal excrement to discharge in a large number, becomes the source of pollution of agriculture water and soil environment, has a strong impact on the water source quality and jeopardizes human health.
China's agricultural straw resource owning amount occupies first place in the world.For many years, except that a small amount of stalk was used as fuel, feed, fertilizer, papermaking etc., a large amount of stalks were used to burn and cause resource huge waste, contaminate environment, fire to suffer from infinite.According to statistics, China produces 600000000 tons of stalks per year, and wherein 42% directly or cross also field of abdomen, and 30% as agricultural fuel, and 8% be industrial or other purposes, and 20% about 1.2 hundred million tons of residues are not utilized.
Do not see the report that stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder prepare afforesting matrix as yet.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the improvement invention on the CN201210045597.2 basis, and its objective is provides a kind of afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder.
A kind of afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder provided by the invention contains following composition: stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder.
Concrete, described afforesting matrix contains following weight part composition: 18 parts of stone quarry dregs, animal manure 4.0-14.0 part, stalk 110-330 part and wood charcoal powder 1-12 part.
Preferably, described afforesting matrix contains following weight part composition: 18 parts of stone quarry dregs, animal manure 9.0-13.5 part, stalk 220-330 part and wood charcoal powder 6-12 part.
Further preferred, described afforesting matrix contains following weight part composition: 6 parts of 18 parts of stone quarry dregs, 9.0 parts of animal manures, 220 parts of stalks and wood charcoal powders.
In the above-mentioned afforesting matrix:
Described weight part can be known weight unit such as μ g, mg, g, kg, also can be its multiple, as 1/10,1/100,10 times, 100 times etc.
Described stone quarry dregs, its particle size range is not more than 20mm, is preferably to be not more than 15mm, more preferably is not more than 10mm.
Described animal manure is the movement of livestock, is preferably sheep excrement, cow dung or pig manure, more preferably the sheep excrement.
Described stalk is agricultural crop straws such as maize straw, wheat stalk or rice straw, is preferably maize straw, wheat stalk or rice straw, more preferably maize straw.
The powdered carbon that described wood charcoal powder is made for the forestry residuum is commercially available.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned afforesting matrix, and this method may further comprise the steps:
1) the stone quarry dregs is crossed the 10-20mm sieve, crosses the 5mm sieve after animal manure and the crushed stalk respectively, takes by weighing stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder by proportioning then, and is standby;
2) stalk is mixed with animal manure, become thoroughly decomposed fully, promptly get stalk and animal manure mixture after becoming thoroughly decomposed with the stalk agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
3) with stone quarry dregs, wood charcoal powder and step 2) stalk and the complete mixing of animal manure mixture after described the becoming thoroughly decomposed, promptly get afforesting matrix.
In the aforesaid method:
The agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed of described stalk is commercially available, contain the multiple beneficial microorganism in its effective constituent, can make organic waste quick compostings such as stalk, make elements such as organic matter contained in the stalk and phosphorus, potassium become the required source of nutrition of plant-growth, and breed a large amount of beneficial microorganisms.
The become thoroughly decomposed consumption of agent of described stalk is the 0.1-0.5% of stalk weight, is preferably 0.2-0.4%, more preferably 0.4%.
Described method of becoming thoroughly decomposed may further comprise the steps:
1) the stalk dilution agent that becomes thoroughly decomposed: the become thoroughly decomposed weight ratio of agent and water of stalk is 11:50-60, promptly gets the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is standby;
2) stalk is soaked in advance, be advisable with holding tightly to drip, stalk and animal manure are neatly stacked behind the mixing in proportion, every layer of thick stalk and animal manure mixture of shop 15-20cm, successively sprinkle then into the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the heap height is 0.6-1.2m, width 0.6-2.0m, wraps with film, prevent moisture loss, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 15-30 days.
Afforesting matrix provided by the invention can replace soil to be applied to the Revegetation in difficult habitats such as mine abandoned land, according to the different laying depth of different choice of greening mode (planting plant hole, spraying and seeding afforesting etc.), is advisable with 4-15cm, is preferably 8cm.
Afforesting matrix provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1, in the afforesting matrix provided by the invention:
1) porosity of stone quarry dregs is bigger, and nutritive element content is lower, if will be applied to the afforesting matrix aspect, needs it is carried out the improvement of soil physico-chemical property, rebuilds artificial soil.Compare with the stone quarry dregs, river sand be natural stone under state of nature, through the reactive force of water collide repeatedly for a long time, fricative, river sand does not contain organic composition, the preserve moisture and fertility ability does not possess the fundamental characteristics of soil.
2) animal manure is a kind of quick-acting, slight alkalinity, nitrogen, phosphorus, the higher high-quality fertilizer of potassium content.In seedling raising process, the animal manure that adds suitable consumption can improve the function that soil is alleviated low temperature and high temperature damage, regulates the soil moisture, alleviates the degeneration and the desertification of soil.Also have functions such as absorption, integration, complexing redox, ion-exchange, improve soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities etc.Also can alleviate the heavy metal in soil component content, the afforesting matrix that adds animal manure is a kind of important method that guarantees the not only fast but also strong growth of nursery stock.
3) stalk: stalk is the general name of ripe farm crop cauline leaf (fringe) part.Straw-returning can be optimized crop growth environment (soil climate, soil water thermal conditions, plant nutrient circulation), improves the crumb structure and the physicochemical character of soil.After stalk buries, in decomposition course, carry out mineralization, discharge nutrient, carry out humification simultaneously, make the more complicated soil ulmin of some organic compound formation, thereby improved proterties such as the structure of soil and water conservation, suction, bonding, ventilative, insulation, improved the ability that soil itself is regulated water, fertilizer, temperature, gas, the increase soil porosity, reduce the soil weight, make that the soil is porous, permeability improves, and is beneficial to plant and emerges.
4) wood charcoal powder: the powdered carbon that wood charcoal powder is made for the forestry residuum.It is good to utilize wood charcoal powder to carry out the castaway slag land reform, can improve ground temperature, improves the soil, keeps soil moisture, the poisonous metal in the absorption soil etc., is specially:
A improves ground temperature: after applying wood charcoal powder, because the black carbon granules absorbs solar thermal energy, the soil moisture is raise, promote seed germination.
B improves the soil: apply wood charcoal powder in soil after, can generate root grain bacterium on the wood charcoal powder surface, thereby can improve the soil, form the soil that is fit to plant growing.
C keeps soil moisture: wood charcoal powder has the function of adsorption moisture fast, the ventilation property that can also improve the soil and drainage.
The d acid-basicity of improving the soil: wood charcoal powder can increase soil CO
2Content has the function of the poisonous metal in the absorption soil.
And peat is a kind of process formed atmospheric swamp in several thousand ground product (being called the peat composed of rotten mosses or mud coal), it is the minimum coal of degree of coalification, simultaneously also be the primary state of coal, aseptic, nontoxic, pollution-free, venting capability is good, light weight, water holding, guarantor's fertilizer, help microbial activities, strengthen biological property, nutritious, be cultivation matrix, be again good soil mediator agent, and contain very high organic matter, humic acid and nutrition.
The difference of wood charcoal powder and peat: difference 1: both are made by different products.Difference 2: peat has been widely used in the production process of afforestation, lawn, flowers etc., and wood charcoal powder is less in the application of aspects such as afforestation, lawn, flowers, demands being applied to dregs recycling field urgently.
Grow with each passing day at stone quarry dregs generation, take up an area of and stack, vegetation destruction, present situations such as soil erosion aggravation, the contriver carries out application technology as the second resource research to the stone quarry dregs, utilize the stone quarry dregs, being equipped with the afforesting matrix that animal manure, stalk, wood charcoal powder make can replace soil to be used for the Revegetation in difficult habitats such as mine abandoned land, can reduce stacking amount, the alleviation soil pressure of discarded dregs, can solve the dregs problem of dissolving effectively, eliminate the potential safety hazard that dregs is stacked, reduce soil erosion, realize the recycling of stone quarry dregs.
2, utilize afforesting matrix provided by the invention to carry out mine abandoned land Revegetation after; soil fertility improves; Soil structure improves, and vegetation coverage improves, and holds back rainfall by vegetation; can subdue raindrop kinetic energy; reduce the slope runoff amount, the soil erosion total amount is effectively controlled, both protected water and soil resources; can beautify the environment again, reduce waste and pile up the soil erosion harm that brings.
3, experimental result shows, add the growth that afforesting matrix provided by the invention can promote Festuca Arundinacea and rye grass, seed sprouting is had active influence, phytomass obviously increases, the vegetation that can quicken the impaired habitat of abandoned land, mine is multiple green, and effect is better than prior art.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting protection scope of the present invention.
The used stone quarry of the present invention dregs is taken from stone quarry, Zhen Huangyuan village, Zhou Kou Dian, Fangshan, Beijing, selects the dregs of three kinds of particle diameters for use, respectively the screening of sieving through 10mm sieve, 15mm sieve, 20mm.
Described wood charcoal powder can commercially availablely be bought, specification 200 orders, and manufacturer is the Shanghai carbon industry commerce trading center that names a person for a particular job.
The agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed of described stalk can commercially availablely be bought, and manufacturer is an Anhui wide space Bioisystech Co., Ltd.
Described cm, m, mm are respectively units such as known centimetre, meter, millimeter.
Mentioned component only is used to illustrate the exploitativeness of embodiment, should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1: a kind of afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder
1, form: stone quarry dregs 18g(particle diameter was the 10mm sieve), sheep excrement 9.0g, maize straw 220g and wood charcoal powder 6g.
2, preparation method:
1) the stalk dilution agent that becomes thoroughly decomposed: is the 11:50 mixing with become thoroughly decomposed agent and water of stalk according to weight ratio, promptly gets the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, standby;
2) maize straw and sheep excrement separated pulverizing are crossed the 5mm sieve, take by weighing stone quarry dregs, sheep excrement, maize straw and wood charcoal powder according to proportioning, standby;
3) maize straw is soaked in advance, be advisable with holding tightly to drip, with itself and sheep excrement mixing, neatly be stacked in the bamboo basket of finishing then, every layer of thick maize straw and sheep excrement mixture of shop 15cm, successively sprinkle then into the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stalk become thoroughly decomposed the consumption of agent be about 0.88g(be about the stalk gross weight 0.4%), pile high 0.75m, width 1.8m, wrap with film, prevent moisture loss, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 15 days, promptly gets the sheep excrement after becoming thoroughly decomposed, the mixture of maize straw;
4) the sheep excrement after the step 3) gained is become thoroughly decomposed and mixture and stone quarry dregs, the wood charcoal powder of maize straw mix, promptly.
Embodiment 2: a kind of afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder
1, form: stone quarry dregs 18g(particle diameter was the 10mm sieve), sheep excrement 13.5g, maize straw 330g and wood charcoal powder 12g.
2, preparation method:
1) the stalk dilution agent that becomes thoroughly decomposed: what stalk was become thoroughly decomposed agent and water is the 11:52 mixing according to weight ratio, promptly gets the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, standby;
2) maize straw and sheep excrement separated pulverizing are crossed the 5mm sieve, take by weighing stone quarry dregs, sheep excrement, maize straw and wood charcoal powder according to proportioning, standby;
3) maize straw is soaked in advance, be advisable with holding tightly to drip, with itself and sheep excrement mixing, neatly be stacked in the bamboo basket of finishing then, every layer of thick maize straw and sheep excrement mixture of shop 20cm, successively sprinkle then into the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stalk become thoroughly decomposed the consumption of agent be 1.32g(be about the stalk gross weight 0.4%), pile high 1.2m, width 2.0m, wrap with film, prevent moisture loss, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 30 days, promptly gets the sheep excrement after becoming thoroughly decomposed and the mixture of maize straw;
4) the sheep excrement after the step 3) gained is become thoroughly decomposed and mixture and stone quarry dregs, the wood charcoal powder of maize straw mix, promptly.
Embodiment 3: a kind of afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder
1, form: stone quarry dregs 18g(particle diameter was the 10mm sieve), cow dung 9.0g, maize straw 220g and wood charcoal powder 6g.
2, preparation method:
1) the stalk dilution agent that becomes thoroughly decomposed: is the 11:60 mixing with become thoroughly decomposed agent and water of stalk according to weight ratio, promptly gets the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, standby;
2) maize straw and cow dung separated pulverizing are crossed the 5mm sieve, take by weighing stone quarry dregs, cow dung, maize straw and wood charcoal powder according to proportioning, standby;
3) maize straw is soaked in advance, be advisable with holding tightly to drip, with itself and cow dung mixing, neatly be stacked in the bamboo basket of finishing then, every layer of thick maize straw and cow dung mixture of shop 15cm, successively sprinkle then into the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stalk become thoroughly decomposed the consumption of agent be 0.88g(be about the stalk gross weight 0.4%), pile high 0.9m, width 1.0m, wrap with film, prevent moisture loss, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 23 days, promptly gets the cow dung after becoming thoroughly decomposed and the mixture of maize straw;
4) cow dung after the step 3) gained is become thoroughly decomposed and mixture and stone quarry dregs, the wood charcoal powder of maize straw mix, promptly.
Embodiment 4: a kind of afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder
1, form: stone quarry dregs 18g(particle diameter was the 15mm sieve), sheep excrement 13.5g, maize straw 110g and wood charcoal powder 6g.
2, preparation method:
1) the stalk dilution agent that becomes thoroughly decomposed: is the 11:55 mixing with become thoroughly decomposed agent and water of stalk according to weight ratio, promptly gets the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, standby;
2) maize straw and sheep excrement separated pulverizing are crossed the 5mm sieve, take by weighing stone quarry dregs, sheep excrement, maize straw and wood charcoal powder according to proportioning, standby;
3) maize straw is soaked in advance, be advisable with holding tightly to drip, with itself and sheep excrement mixing, neatly be stacked in the bamboo basket of finishing then, every layer of thick maize straw and sheep excrement mixture of shop 20cm, successively sprinkle then into the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stalk become thoroughly decomposed the consumption of agent be 0.44g(be about the stalk gross weight 0.4%), pile high 0.6m, width 1.2m, wrap with film, prevent moisture loss, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 20 days, promptly gets the sheep excrement after becoming thoroughly decomposed and the mixture of maize straw;
4) the sheep excrement after the step 3) gained is become thoroughly decomposed and mixture and stone quarry dregs, the wood charcoal powder of maize straw mix, promptly.
Embodiment 5: a kind of afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder
1, form: stone quarry dregs 18g(particle diameter was the 15mm sieve), pig manure 4.5g, maize straw 330g and wood charcoal powder 6g.
2, preparation method:
1) the stalk dilution agent that becomes thoroughly decomposed: is the 11:58 mixing with become thoroughly decomposed agent and water of stalk according to weight ratio, promptly gets the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, standby;
2) maize straw and pig manure separated pulverizing are crossed the 5mm sieve, take by weighing stone quarry dregs, pig manure, maize straw and wood charcoal powder according to proportioning, standby;
3) maize straw is soaked in advance, be advisable with holding tightly to drip, with itself and pig manure mixing, neatly be stacked in the bamboo basket of finishing then, every layer of thick maize straw and pig manure mixture of shop 16cm, successively sprinkle then into the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stalk become thoroughly decomposed the consumption of agent be 1.32g(be about the stalk gross weight 0.4%), pile high 1.2m, width 1.3m, wrap with film, prevent moisture loss, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 16 days, promptly gets the pig manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed and the mixture of maize straw;
4) pig manure after the step 3) gained is become thoroughly decomposed and mixture and stone quarry dregs, the wood charcoal powder of maize straw mix, promptly.
Embodiment 6: a kind of afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder
1, form: stone quarry dregs 18g(particle diameter was the 20mm sieve), cow dung 4.5g, wheat stalk 110g and wood charcoal powder 6g.
2, preparation method:
1) the stalk dilution agent that becomes thoroughly decomposed: is the 11:55 mixing with become thoroughly decomposed agent and water of stalk according to weight ratio, promptly gets the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, standby;
2) wheat stalk and cow dung separated pulverizing are crossed the 5mm sieve, take by weighing stone quarry dregs, cow dung, wheat stalk and wood charcoal powder according to proportioning, standby;
3) wheat stalk is soaked in advance, be advisable with holding tightly to drip, with itself and cow dung mixing, neatly be stacked in the bamboo basket of finishing then, every layer of thick wheat stalk and cow dung mixture of shop 20cm, successively sprinkle then into the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stalk become thoroughly decomposed the consumption of agent be 0.22g(be about the stalk gross weight 0.2%), pile high 0.6m, width 0.6m, wrap with film, prevent moisture loss, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 30 days, promptly gets the cow dung after becoming thoroughly decomposed and the mixture of wheat stalk;
4) cow dung after the step 3) gained is become thoroughly decomposed and mixture and stone quarry dregs, the wood charcoal powder of wheat stalk mix, promptly.
Embodiment 7: a kind of afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder
1, form: stone quarry dregs 18g(particle diameter was the 20mm sieve), sheep excrement 13.5g, rice straw 110g and wood charcoal powder 12g.
2, preparation method:
1) the stalk dilution agent that becomes thoroughly decomposed: is the 11:56 mixing with become thoroughly decomposed agent and water of stalk according to weight ratio, promptly gets the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, standby;
2) rice straw and sheep excrement separated pulverizing are crossed the 5mm sieve, take by weighing stone quarry dregs, sheep excrement, rice straw and wood charcoal powder according to proportioning, standby;
3) rice straw is soaked in advance, be advisable with holding tightly to drip, with itself and sheep excrement mixing, neatly be stacked in the bamboo basket of finishing then, every layer of thick rice straw and sheep excrement mixture of shop 15cm, successively sprinkle then into the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stalk become thoroughly decomposed the consumption of agent be 0.33g(be about the stalk gross weight 0.3%), pile high 0.6m, width 1.0m, wrap with film, prevent moisture loss, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 28 days, promptly gets the sheep excrement after becoming thoroughly decomposed and the mixture of rice straw;
4) the sheep excrement after the step 3) gained is become thoroughly decomposed and mixture and stone quarry dregs, the wood charcoal powder of rice straw mix, promptly.
Experimental example:
1, test grass seeds
Principles such as, strong stress resistance strong according to plant adaptability are selected the experiment grass seeds, and are as follows:
Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea) thousand grain weigth 2.42g, purity is 95%, and percentage of germination is higher than 80%, and application rate is 5.0g/m
2, the fibrous root prosperity, happiness warm and moist soil, drought resisting, moisture-proof, heat-resisting, diseases and insect pests resistance is strong.
Rye grass (Loliumperenne L.) thousand grain weigth 2.64g, purity is 98%, and percentage of germination is higher than 85%, and application rate is 4.5g/m
2, cold moist, the warm weather of habit happiness, acidproof, barren-resistant, strong stress resistance, disease resistance is strong, all can plant in the place of annual precipitation 500～1500mm.
2, experiment grouping:
Two big group experiments are set, broadcast sowing Festuca Arundinacea, ryegrass seed respectively, experiment is provided with three repetition, and every big group experiment comprises that contrast 1(is abbreviated as CK1), contrast 2(is abbreviated as CK2) with processing 1-7 totally 9 groups.Flowerpot diameter 16cm, high 12cm, permeable hole is arranged at the flowerpot bottom.
3, experimental technique:
The corresponding matrix of 6cm of respectively packing in the flowerpot of CK1, CK2 and processing 1-7 covers the same matrix that evenly is mixed with 100 seeds, and gauge control guarantees that the matrix total thickness is no more than 8cm in the flowerpot in 2cm, wherein:
The matrix of CK1 was the stone quarry dregs of 10mm sieve;
The matrix of CK2 is selected the herbaceous plant substrate formula of selecting in 201210045597.2 claims 4 for use;
The matrix of handling 1-7 disposes according to the requirement among the embodiment 1-7;
All flowerpots all water to saturated (flowerpot bottom permeable hole can be permeable) in each group experiment, water once in 7 days, cultivate under natural lighting, and the ambient conditions of experiment remains on same level.
After planting observe and write down the growing state of grass seeds every day, the test period is 3 months, and monitors indexs such as seedling rate, growing height, biomass.
Seedling rate: from day (on April 18th, 2012) opening entry of grass seeds sowing, process of the test is lasted 18 days, observed and write down the number of emerging every 1 day, the stable end emerged until May 6, add up the number of emerging, account for the percentage of the subnumber of sowing, the calculating seedling rate according to the number of emerging of Festuca Arundinacea and rye grass under the different proportionings.
Growing height: treat grass seeds emerge stable after, adopt meter ruler to measure method, measure its growing height, every basin is chosen representational 10 strains and is averaged.
Biomass: treat plant-growth after 2 months, adopt harvest method to obtain whole strain plant sample in the flowerpot, take by weighing weight in wet base on the spot, and take back the laboratory and carry out subsequent disposal.Prior to completing in 105 ℃ of baking ovens, dry 12h down to constant weight at 80 ℃ then, obtain dry matter weight, service precision is that the electronic balance of 0.01g takes by weighing dry weight.
4, experimental result:
4.1 growth indexes: see Table 1
Table 1: growth indexes summary sheet
Table 1 result shows:
Festuca Arundinacea: contrast 1 group, its seedling rate is 46%, growing height is 48mm, and biomass is 9.72g; The seedling rate that contrasts 2 groups is 60%, growing height is 52mm, and biomass is 10.97g; The seedling rate of handling the 1-7 group is 61-83%, and growing height is 57-70mm, and biomass is 12.05-20.10g;
Rye grass group: the CK1 seedling rate is 55%, growing height is 58mm, and biomass is 16.52; The CK2 seedling rate is 58%, growing height is 62mm, and biomass is 17.96g; The seedling rate of handling the 1-7 group is 64-78%, and growing height is 71-78mm, and biomass is 22.17-31.76g.
5, conclusion: experimental result shows, add the growth that afforesting matrix provided by the invention can promote Festuca Arundinacea and rye grass, seed sprouting is had active influence, phytomass obviously increases, can quicken the Revegetation process in the impaired habitat of abandoned land, mine, effect is better than prior art.
Though, above used general explanation, embodiment and test, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an afforesting matrix that contains stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder is characterized in that, this afforesting matrix contains following composition: stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder.
2. afforesting matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described afforesting matrix contains following weight part composition: 18 parts of stone quarry dregs, animal manure 4.0-14.0 part, stalk 110-330 part and wood charcoal powder 1-12 part.
3. afforesting matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described afforesting matrix contains following weight part composition: 18 parts of stone quarry dregs, animal manure 9.0-13.5 part, stalk 220-330 part and wood charcoal powder 6-12 part.
4. afforesting matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described afforesting matrix contains following weight part composition: 6 parts of 18 parts of stone quarry dregs, 9.0 parts of animal manures, 220 parts of stalks and wood charcoal powders.
5. according to each described afforesting matrix of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that the particle size range of described stone quarry dregs is not more than 20mm, be preferably and be not more than 15mm, more preferably be not more than 10mm.
6. according to each described afforesting matrix of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described animal manure is the movement of livestock, be preferably sheep excrement, cow dung or pig manure, more preferably the sheep excrement; The powdered carbon that described wood charcoal powder is made for the forestry residuum.
7. according to each described afforesting matrix of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described stalk is agricultural crop straws such as maize straw, wheat stalk or rice straw, is preferably maize straw, wheat stalk or rice straw, more preferably maize straw.
8. a method for preparing each described afforesting matrix of claim 1-7 is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
1) the stone quarry dregs is crossed the 10-20mm sieve, crosses the 5mm sieve after animal manure and the crushed stalk respectively, takes by weighing stone quarry dregs, animal manure, stalk and wood charcoal powder by proportioning then, and is standby;
2) stalk is mixed with animal manure, become thoroughly decomposed fully, promptly get stalk and animal manure mixture after becoming thoroughly decomposed with the stalk agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
3) with stone quarry dregs, wood charcoal powder and step 2) stalk and the complete mixing of animal manure mixture after described the becoming thoroughly decomposed, promptly get afforesting matrix.
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the become thoroughly decomposed consumption of agent of described stalk is the 0.1-0.5% of stalk weight, is preferably 0.2-0.4%, more preferably 0.4%.
10. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described method of becoming thoroughly decomposed may further comprise the steps:
1) the stalk dilution agent that becomes thoroughly decomposed: the become thoroughly decomposed weight ratio of agent and water of stalk is 11:50-60, promptly gets the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is standby;
2) stalk is soaked in advance, be advisable with holding tightly to drip, stalk and animal manure are neatly stacked behind the mixing in proportion, every layer of thick stalk and animal manure mixture of shop 15-20cm, successively sprinkle then into the stalk dilution agent liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the heap height is 0.6-1.2m, width 0.6-2.0m, wraps with film, prevent moisture loss, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 15-30 days.
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