CN103641599A - Sandalwood cultivation medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sandalwood cultivation medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641599A CN103641599A CN201310598727.XA CN201310598727A CN103641599A CN 103641599 A CN103641599 A CN 103641599A CN 201310598727 A CN201310598727 A CN 201310598727A CN 103641599 A CN103641599 A CN 103641599A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sandalwood cultivation medium and a preparation method thereof. The medium comprises: 32-35 parts of peat, 10-12 parts of straw, 30-35 parts of river sand, 9-12 parts of edible fungus waste residue, 10-15 parts of peanut shells, 12-25 parts of fermented livestock manure, 20-30 parts of reeling wastewater, 10-15 parts of tea leaf residue and 3-5 parts of bagasse. The preparation method of the medium includes: subjecting the straw, the peanut shells and the bagasse to semi-carbonization treatment, and crushing the peat, the river sand and the tea leaf residue; mixing the raw materials, the edible fungus waste residue and the fermented livestock manure, and stirring them uniformly to obtain a medium mixture; mixing the medium mixture with the reeling wastewater, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of the medium; and conducting disinfection treatment on the medium, and then performing drying. The medium provided by the invention has the advantages of reasonable proportioning, low cost, suitability for cultivation of various plants, effective promotion of plant growth, simple preparation process, and strong feasibility, and can effectively improve the survival rate of plant cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to substratum of a kind of plant growing and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to substratum of santal and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Santal also claims almug, belongs to Santalaceae, santal genus.Santal belongs to evergreen parasitic undershrub, bark brown, and coarse or lobe, leaf is to life, ellipse or ovum shape lanceolar, base portion wedge shape, full edge, without hair, petiole is short.Santal timber is extremely fragrant, can implements processed, also can be used as medicine, and it always is the timber of rare costliness.Almug is enervated, at Seedling Stage, also must just can survive by parasitism, and its output is very restricted, cannot meet the demand of people to it.
Along with social development, the mankind increase gradually to the demand of plant.Plant main application can be summarized as timber, medicinal, spices, carving handicraft article etc., but it is often subject to the restriction of external environment, the speed of growth is slow, its growth rate is difficult to catch up with the paces of people's demand, as santal etc. needs just grow up to decades, especially santal must be planted 60 years and even upper a century is just really become a useful person.Generally, we can improve external environment to promote the growth of plant by artificial mode, such as: artificially applying fertilizer, aerosol spray, soil improvement etc., and plant absorbs the mode of nutrition except passing through Foliage Absorption, the overwhelming majority or by nutrition and moisture in powerful Root Absorption soil, therefore improve the effective means that soil is Promoting plant growth.In general production process, people are often by being mixed multiple matrix to impose proper N phosphate fertilizer as plant culture again, though plant desired nutritional can be provided, but proportioning is coarse, service efficiency is low, survival rate is low, poor growth and can not be suitable for the cultivation of most plants, as adopt common matrix to carry out cuttage cultivation to santal fringe bar, using that river sand, perlite, coconut shell flour and yellow mud etc. are several carries out cuttage cultivation as matrix to santal, average rooting rate is only up to 49%(Chen Fu lotus. Cuttage of Santalum album [J]. and Chinese medicinal materials, 1999,22 (3): 109-111.).Therefore, formulation science rationally, the substratum of high-efficiency environment friendly, improve plant growing survival rate, can promote quick growth of plant and can be widely used in the cultivation of various plants have extremely important meaning for people's life.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide substratum of a kind of santal cultivation and preparation method thereof, to solve the problems of the technologies described above.
The present invention is by adopting following technical proposals to be achieved:
The substratum of the santal cultivation the present invention relates to, described substratum comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 3～5 parts of 32～35 parts, peat, 10～12 parts of stalks, 30～35 parts of river sands, 9～12 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue, 10～15 parts of Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes, 12～25 parts of fowl and animal excrements of fermentation, 20 ~ 30 parts of silk reeling wastewaters, 10 ~ 15 parts of tealeaf residues and bagasse.In this substratum, peat is as Nutrition Soil, there is light weight, water holding, breathe freely and be rich in the advantages such as organic, it coordinates river sand, stalk, edible mushrooms waste residue, the Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae of corresponding proportion again, be aided with the santal substratum making containing compositions such as the fowl and animal excrement that enriches nitrogen, phosphoric, tealeaf residue, silk reeling wastewaters simultaneously, make that fertility is sufficient, fertilizer efficiency is long, not only can reduce the generation of disease and pest and peculiar smell, also strengthen resistance against diseases and the anti-adversity ability of santal, improve santal rooting rate.Wherein, adopt river sand as filler, not only can improve Soil structure, improve the ventilation property of soil, prevent that the newborn root system of santal from rotting, and be beneficial to the formation of root system, silk reeling wastewater is cocoon cooking, the trade effluent that vertical reel silk from cocoons and byproduct processing produce, contain a large amount of nitrogen, the nutritive substances such as phosphorus, if directly discharge, can cause water pollution, have a strong impact on industrial and agricultural production, in this waste water, contain a large amount of N, the required element of plant production of P, if rationally utilize, not only increase a kind of method of processing silk reeling wastewater, more reduced culture medium cost, for santal growth provides a large amount of N, P element, in conjunction with peat, river sand, Deng the C:P ratio of adjusting substratum, C:N ratio, make substratum meet the santal required N that grows, the amount of P element.And the raw materials such as stalk, edible mushrooms waste residue, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, bagasse are agricultural waste, utilize the substratum that above-mentioned agricultural waste makes can effectively promote santal growth and can be widely used in santal cultivation field, this has promoted the recycle of agricultural resource that scientific basis is provided for effectively to utilize agriculture waste material.In addition, the raw material sources in substratum are abundant, cheap, are conducive to reduce cultivation cost.
Separately, be rich in potassium element in tealeaves, brewed tealeaves, if directly abandon, not only increase environmental stress, the element of the inside can not get rational utilization, uses tealeaf residue as one of raw material, rationally utilize potassium element, increase the resistance of plant, but also utilize manganese microelement.
In described culture medium raw material, also comprised that parts by weight are the perlite of 3～8 parts, now be equipped with the perlite of suitable proportion, can play transformation Soil structure, regulate soil compaction, prevent farm crop lodging, and the ventilation property of the matrix that has additional nutrients and water-absorbent, effectively control the required fertilizer efficiency of santal and fertile degree, promote santal Fast Growth.
In described culture medium raw material, stalk can be one or more of rice husk, plant stem, plant tendril.
For the nitrogen that makes to be rich in the raw materials such as stalk in substratum, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, bagasse, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the nutritive ingredient such as organic can be absorbed fast by santal, to promote the Fast Growth of plant, preferentially adopt partial carbonization stalk, partial carbonization Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and edible mushrooms waste residue by fermentation.Wherein, partial carbonization stalk, partial carbonization Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae can adopt simple and easy partial carbonization method to carry out partial carbonization processing to raw materials such as stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes, concrete operations are as follows: by stockpile such as stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes in ground, after lighting, by matrix, covered tightly again, top covers one deck thin soil again and carries out smoldering, makes raw material fade to brown.In addition, can be chosen under higher temperature conditions edible mushrooms waste residue is fermented, with by the easy simple organic matter recovery of moldy metamorphism in material, the stable chemical performance that guarantees matrix, concrete operations are as follows: waste edible fungus slag muck is amassed and cover plastic cloth, make stack temperature rise to 45-65 ℃, then by turning or ventilation, carry out oxygen supply, carry out moisturizing to guarantee suitable temperature in good time, supplement nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, after for some time, temperature drops to normal temperature.
The temperature-stable of described substratum is controlled as 20-30 ℃, and intensity of illumination is 1000 ~ 6000lux, and humidity is 50 ~ 80%.
The substratum preparation method of plant growing of the present invention, comprise the steps: to allocate culture medium raw material, described culture medium raw material can comprise the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 3～5 parts of 32～35 parts, peat, 10～12 parts of stalks, 30～35 parts of river sands, 9～12 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue and 10～15 parts of Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes, fermentation 12～25 parts of fowl and animal excrements, 20 ~ 30 parts of silk reeling wastewaters, 10 ~ 15 parts of tealeaf residues and bagasse, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse are carried out to half charing processing, peat, river sand and tealeaf residue are pulverized; After preferably pulverizing, raw material particle size is 2～20mm; Raw material after processing, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement are mixed, and uniform stirring, makes substratum compound; The substratum compound of previous step is mixed with silk reeling wastewater, adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of substratum; By substratum disinfection, after being dried, make substratum finished product.
In addition, because the stalk in culture medium raw material, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, river sand, peat and edible mushrooms waste residue etc. contain more microorganism and bacterium, easily infect plant and work the mischief.Therefore, need to carry out disinfection to substratum compound, can adopt the sterilizing agents such as potassium permanganate, formalin or quintozene to carry out disinfection, preferentially adopt 0.5% potassium permanganate solution at normal temperatures substratum compound fully to be sprayed, carry out disinfection.
Substratum of the present invention, reasonable ratio, balanced in nutrition, be suitable for most plants cultivation and can effectively promote quick growth of plant, its preparation process is simple, feasibility is strong, can effectively improve plant growing surviving rate.Adopt culture medium of the present invention to carry out plant cuttage cultivation, the plant quality of production is good, and the production cycle, survival rate reached 85～95%, has greatly improved plant propagation competitive capacity from cuttage to gathering only 80～90 days.
Embodiment
In order to make technique means of the invention process be easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
Substratum (substratum 1) comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 5 parts of 32 parts, peat, 12 parts of stalks, 30 parts of river sands, 11 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue, 11 parts of Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes, 12 parts of fowl and animal excrements of fermentation, 30 parts of silk reeling wastewaters, 10 parts of tealeaf residues and bagasse.This substratum preparation method, comprises the following steps: the first step, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse are carried out to half charing processing, and peat, river sand and tealeaf residue are pulverized, pulverizing and making raw material particle size is 10mm; Second step, raw material prepared by the first step, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement mix, and uniform stirring, makes substratum compound; The 3rd step, mixes substratum compound with silk reeling wastewater, adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of substratum; The 4th step, the potassium permanganate solution of employing 0.5%, to the disinfection of above-mentioned substratum compound, is then dried the compound after sterilization.
Adopt above-mentioned technique means to carry out cuttage cultivation to yellow wingceltis, red sandalwood and Asiatic sweet leaf fringe bar, each uses respectively substratum 1 and normal soil to carry out cuttage cultivation with 100 fringe bars, the collecting sample after 30 days of growing, to the survival rate of yellow wingceltis, red sandalwood, Asiatic sweet leaf, on average degree of increasing, mean diameter increase thick and average root coefficient order and compare, result is as table 1.
The comparison of table 1 different substrates cuttage cultivation plant-growth effect
As seen from Table 1, with 1 pair of yellow wingceltis of substratum, red sandalwood and Asiatic sweet leaf fringe bar, carry out cuttage cultivation, yellow wingceltis survival rate is 90%, on average grow tall that 6cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.4cm, average root coefficient order is 28, red sandalwood survival rate is 95%, on average grow tall that 6cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.3cm, average root coefficient order is 26, and Asiatic sweet leaf survival rate is 84%, on average grow tall that 5cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.3cm, average root coefficient order is 25.And with normal soil, yellow wingceltis, red sandalwood and Asiatic sweet leaf fringe bar are carried out to cuttage cultivation, yellow wingceltis survival rate is 55%, on average grow tall that 2cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.1cm, average root coefficient order is 13, red sandalwood survival rate is 56%, on average grow tall that 2cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.1cm, average root coefficient order is 14, and Asiatic sweet leaf survival rate is 53%, on average grow tall that 2cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.1cm, average root coefficient order is 12.
Embodiment 2
Substratum comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 4 parts of 35 parts, peat, 10 parts of stalks, 35 parts of river sands, 12 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue, 15 parts of Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes, 25 parts of fowl and animal excrements of fermentation, 20 parts of silk reeling wastewaters, 15 parts of tealeaf residues and bagasse.This substratum preparation method, comprises the following steps: the first step, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse are carried out to half charing processing, and peat, river sand and tealeaf residue are pulverized, pulverizing and making raw material particle size is 20mm; Second step, raw material prepared by the first step, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement mix, and uniform stirring, makes substratum compound; The 3rd step, mixes substratum compound with silk reeling wastewater, adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of substratum; The 4th step, the potassium permanganate solution of employing 0.5%, to the disinfection of above-mentioned substratum compound, is then dried the compound after sterilization.
Embodiment 3
Substratum comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 5 parts of 34 parts, peat, 11 parts of stalks, 32 parts of river sands, 9 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue, 12 parts of Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes, 22 parts of fowl and animal excrements of fermentation, 25 parts of silk reeling wastewaters, 12 parts of tealeaf residues, 3 parts of bagasse and perlites.This substratum preparation method, comprises the following steps: the first step, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse are carried out to half charing processing, and peat, river sand, tealeaf residue and perlite are pulverized, pulverizing and making raw material particle size is 15mm; Second step, raw material prepared by the first step, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement mix, and uniform stirring, makes substratum compound; The 3rd step, mixes substratum compound with silk reeling wastewater, adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of substratum; The 4th step, the potassium permanganate solution of employing 0.5%, to the disinfection of above-mentioned substratum compound, is then dried the compound after sterilization.
Embodiment 4
Substratum comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 8 parts of 33 parts, peat, 12 parts of stalks, 34 parts of river sands, 10 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue, 14 parts of Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes, 20 parts of fowl and animal excrements of fermentation, 28 parts of silk reeling wastewaters, 11 parts of tealeaf residues, 3 parts of bagasse and perlites.This substratum preparation method, comprises the following steps: the first step, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse are carried out to half charing processing, and peat, river sand, tealeaf residue and perlite are pulverized, pulverizing and making raw material particle size is 18mm; Second step, raw material prepared by the first step, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement mix, and uniform stirring, makes substratum compound; The 3rd step, mixes substratum compound with silk reeling wastewater, adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of substratum; The 4th step, the potassium permanganate solution of employing 0.5%, to the disinfection of above-mentioned substratum compound, is then dried the compound after sterilization.
Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; those skilled in the art is to be understood that; do not departing from aim of the present invention and scope, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the substratum that santal is cultivated, is characterized in that: described substratum comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight:
32～35 parts, peat
10～12 parts of stalks
30～35 parts of river sands
9～12 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue
10～15 parts of Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes
12～25 parts of fermentation fowl and animal excrements
20 ~ 30 parts of silk reeling wastewaters
10 ~ 15 parts of tealeaf residues
3～5 parts of bagasse.
2. the substratum of santal cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described culture medium raw material also comprises that parts by weight are the perlite of 3～8 parts.
3. according to the substratum of the santal cultivation described in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: described stalk is one or more in rice husk, plant stem, plant tendril.
4. according to the substratum of the santal cultivation described in any one in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: described stalk is partial carbonization stalk.
5. according to the substratum of the santal cultivation described in any one in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: described Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae is partial carbonization Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae.
6. according to the substratum of the santal cultivation described in any one in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: described edible mushrooms waste residue is the edible mushrooms waste residue of fermentation.
7. according to the substratum of the santal cultivation described in any one in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: described culture medium raw material particle diameter is 2～20mm.
8. according to the substratum of the santal cultivation described in any one in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: the temperature-stable of described substratum is controlled as 20-30 ℃, and intensity of illumination is 1000 ~ 6000lux, and humidity is 50 ~ 80%.
9. the substratum preparation method that santal according to claim 1 is cultivated, its preparation method comprises the steps:
1) raw material is processed: stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse are carried out to half charing processing, peat, river sand and tealeaf residue are pulverized;
2) mix: the raw material of step 1 preparation, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement are mixed, and uniform stirring, makes substratum compound;
3) substratum compound adjustment: by step 2) obtaining mixes with silk reeling wastewater, adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of substratum;
4) sterilization: substratum disinfection prepared by step 3), then dry.
10. the substratum preparation method of santal cultivation according to claim 9, is characterized in that: at normal temperatures, adopt 0.5% potassium permanganate solution to spray substratum compound, carry out disinfection.
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| CN105309308A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-02-10 | 南宁旺弘生物科技有限公司 | Orchid culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105309185A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-10 | 罗城仫佬族自治县永富生态种养农民专业合作社 | Organic grape planting method |
| CN105325252A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-17 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Cuttage propagation method for Dalbergia hupeana Hance |
| CN106007885A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2016-10-12 | 魏滔 | Method for preparation of fishing fertilizer based on reeling wastewater |
| CN106045651A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2016-10-26 | 魏滔 | Fish fertilizer prepared from silk reeling wastewater |
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| CN106631528A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-10 | 蚌埠市渔歌农业科技有限公司 | Crape myrtle culture medium |
| CN109042220A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-21 | 凌云县兰农七品种植专业合作社 | A kind of nursery special nutrient soil of flame tree |
| CN114793532A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-29 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for improving drought resistance of rape |
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