Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of steady quality is provided, aseptic nontoxic, the ventilative soilless culture substrate of strong, the water conservation of the sick ability of control.Simultaneously, this matrix can also be made the forming matrix of arbitrary shape through further processing, and more effectively the protective plant root system satisfies the needs that plant is transported and transplants.
The present invention also aims to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned soilless culture substrate.
Solution of the present invention is based on following understanding: the sugar enterprise of China will produce a large amount of bagasses every year, though these bagasses increase year by year in the availability in fields such as papermaking, fiber board and furfural production, but still in the majority at present with the quantity of burning processing, easily cause the pollution of environment.Be rich in organic matter in the bagasse, if with its matrix as soilless culture, not only the source is abundant, with low cost, and uses the back only to need through simple stack retting and enrich nitrogenous fertilizer to handle, and also use as fertilizer in the field, can not pollute environment.Content of organic matter height in the walnut shell, and contain abundant potassium and an amount of trace element, with plant good compatibility is arranged, and can increase the resiliency of matrix, strengthen fertilizer-preserving ability; Coconut husk is a very rich natural resource of China south, has advantages such as light weight, permeability is good, nutritious, buffer capacity is strong.And these materials are not reasonably and effectively used so far as yet, and are very unfortunate.In addition, the stalk water absorbing and retaining properties is strong, and aboundresources is cheap.Diatomite itself has certain fertilizer efficiency, to nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium high adsorption capacity of solubility.Perlite unit weight is little, and total porosity is big, and water-holding capacity is big.Reasonably combined by to above-mentioned material, and in conjunction with the technology of science, formed organic-inorganic composite soilless culture substrate should be able to solve the existing existing problem of soilless culture substrate well.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
Except as otherwise noted, the percentage that is adopted in the technical solution of the present invention is percetage by weight.
A kind of soilless culture substrate is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: bagasse 10~20, coconut palm slag 10~20, straw 20~30, walnut shell 10~30, perlite 10~15, diatomite 5~15.
The production method of above-mentioned raw materials being made soilless culture substrate of the present invention is:
1. take by weighing each raw material for standby by described weight portion;
2. bagasse, coconut palm slag, straw and walnut shell are crushed to 60~100 orders respectively, mix, water the permeable water content of substrate that makes and reach 60%, cover completely, the fermentation 60~90 days of being exposed to the sun in the sun with plastic film;
3. will mix through the raw material after 2. step is handled and perlite, diatomite, after sterilization, promptly obtain required soilless culture substrate.
Soilless culture substrate of the present invention can also be made the forming matrix of arbitrary shape through further processing.
A kind of preformed soilless culture substrate is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: bagasse 10~20, coconut palm slag 10~20, straw 20~30, walnut shell 10~30, perlite 10~15, diatomite 5~15, adhesive 2~15, blowing agent 1~5, vulcanizing agent 0.5~3.5.
The production method of above-mentioned raw materials being made preformed soilless culture substrate of the present invention is:
1. take by weighing each raw material for standby by described weight portion;
2. bagasse, coconut palm slag, straw and walnut shell are crushed to 60~100 orders respectively, mix, water the permeable water content of substrate that makes and reach 60%, cover completely, the fermentation 60~90 days of being exposed to the sun in the sun with plastic film;
3. will mix through the raw material after 2. step is handled and perlite, diatomite, the sterilization back is standby;
4. water, make step 3. the water content of gained material be 40%, adhesive and blowing agent are mixed in the back adding material, stir 6~10min, adding vulcanizing agent again stirs, pack in the mould, put into Muffle furnace or baking oven after the compacting and carry out microporous foam, promptly obtain required preformed soilless culture substrate after the taking-up.
Described adhesive is selected from a kind of in starch, natural emulsion, carboxymethyl cellulose and the sodium silicate.
Described blowing agent is selected from azo dipotassium amide, azodiisobutyronitrile and a kind of in the benzene sulfonyl hydrazide.
Described vulcanizing agent is selected from sulphur and dibenzoyl peroxide.
When described blowing agent was the azo dipotassium amide, it was 5~10min that heating-up temperature should be set at 150~210 ℃, heat time heating time.
When described blowing agent was azodiisobutyronitrile, it was 10~15min that heating-up temperature should be set at 90~150 ℃, heat time heating time.
When described blowing agent is during to benzene sulfonyl hydrazide, it is 10~15min that heating-up temperature should be set at 120~160 ℃, heat time heating time.
Described sterilization method can be high-temperature baking, ultraviolet irradiation, boiling or carry out disinfection with chemical agent.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention has the advantage of organic and inorganic cultivation matrix concurrently, solved the sustainable utilization problem of bagasse, walnut shell, coconut husk the like waste well, physicochemical properties such as moderate unit weight, electrical conductivity, porosity and acid-base value are fit to the cultivation of flowers, fruit and vegetable, are a kind of high-quality, health, the fertile desirable matrix of water saving province.
2, matrix is after fermentation and disinfecting, and aseptic nontoxic, no grass-seed, pH value have good Chemical Inhibition and biological protection function between 5.5~6.5, can reduce the generation of disease pest and weed.
3, matrix need not external container again during raise crop after preformed, is convenient to the storage transportation, can not hinder the disconnected seedling of root during transplanting, guarantees transplanting survival rate.
4, use adhesive, blowing agent and vulcanizing agent to carry out microporous foam, form distinctive pass elastomer.Make preformed matrix water conservation ventilative, fluffy penetrating, can guarantee that plant has good growth basis, help the infiltration of various nutrient components and oxygen, form healthy and strong at short notice and closely knit root.And its distinctive elastic reaction helps protecting root system in transportation and migration process, improves survival rate.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but they are not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
It is standby to take by weighing 20 parts of bagasses, 15 parts of coconut palm slags, 25 parts of straws, 15 parts of walnut shells, 10 parts of perlites and 9 parts in diatomite.Bagasse, coconut palm slag, straw and walnut shell are crushed to 60 orders respectively, mix, water the permeable water content of substrate that makes and reach 60%, cover completely with plastic film, 90 angel's fermentation finished thoroughly1s in the sun are exposed to the sun.Add perlite and diatomite, mix, the formalin with 40% after diluting 100 times squirts mixed-matrix, and sealing plastic film 2 is round the clock spread matrix out, is exposed to the sun to formaldehydeless smell, promptly obtains required soilless culture substrate.
Embodiment 2
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: it is standby to take by weighing 10 parts of bagasses, 10 parts of coconut palm slags, 20 parts of straws, 10 parts of walnut shells, 10 parts of perlites and 5 parts in diatomite.
Embodiment 3
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: it is standby to take by weighing 15 parts of bagasses, 20 parts of coconut palm slags, 30 parts of straws, 30 parts of walnut shells, 15 parts of perlites and 15 parts in diatomite.
Embodiment 4
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: bagasse, coconut palm slag, straw and walnut shell are crushed to 80 orders respectively.
Embodiment 5
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: bagasse, coconut palm slag, straw and walnut shell are crushed to 100 orders respectively.
Embodiment 6
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: the fermentation 75 days of being exposed to the sun.
Embodiment 7
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: the fermentation 60 days of being exposed to the sun.
Embodiment 8
Production preformed soilless culture substrate: in embodiment 1 gained matrix, add clear water, the control water content is 40%, 2 parts of azo dipotassium amides and natural emulsion are mixed in the back adding matrix for 3 parts, stir 7min, speed setting is 800r/min, adds sulphur again and stirs for 1 part, pack in the mould, the Muffle furnace of putting into 200 ℃ of preset temperatures after the compacting carries out microporous foam, takes out after 5 minutes, gets product.Matrix physicochemical property measurement result sees Table 1.
Table 1 matrix physicochemical property measurement result
The character index |
Measured value |
The character index |
Measured value |
PH value electrical conductivity (mscm
-1) cation exchange capacity (mmolkg
-1) unit weight (g/cm
-1) general porosity (%)
|
6.2 0.83 376 0.50 81.26 |
Full K (the K of the full P (%) of the full N (%) of size void ratio (%)
2O%) C/N
|
0.31 0.62 0.017 0.75 36.1 |
Embodiment 9
Repeat embodiment 8, following difference is arranged: take by weighing 15 parts of bagasses, 14 parts of coconut palm slags, 29 parts of straws, 10 parts of walnut shells, 13 parts of perlites, 5 parts in diatomite, 10 parts of starch, 2.5 parts of azobisisobutyronitriles and 1.5 parts of dibenzoyl peroxides are standby.
Add in the mixed-matrix after azobisisobutyronitrile and starch mixed, stir 10min, rotating speed is 750r/min, add dibenzoyl peroxide again and stir, in the mould of packing into, the baking oven of putting into preset temperature after the compacting and be 90 ℃ carries out microporous foam, take out after 15 minutes, get product.
Embodiment 10
Repeat embodiment 8, following difference is arranged: take by weighing 10 parts of bagasses, 10 parts of coconut palm slags, 20 parts of straws, 22 parts of walnut shells, 12 parts of perlites, 12 parts in diatomite, 10 parts of sodium silicate, 2.5 parts of azo dipotassium amides and 1.5 parts of dibenzoyl peroxides are standby.
Add in the mixed-matrix after azo dipotassium amide and sodium silicate mixed, stir 6min, rotating speed is 950r/min, adding dibenzoyl peroxide again stirs, pack in the mould, the Muffle furnace of putting into preset temperature after the compacting and be 200 ℃ carries out microporous foam, takes out after 8 minutes, gets product.
Embodiment 11
Repeat embodiment 8, following difference is arranged: take by weighing 15 parts of bagasses, 14 parts of coconut palm slags, 30 parts of straws, 15 parts of walnut shells, 10 parts of perlites, 9 parts in diatomite, 3 parts of carboxymethyl celluloses, standby to 2 parts of benzene sulfonyl hydrazides and 2 parts in sulphur.
Add in the mixed-matrix after will mixing benzene sulfonyl hydrazide and carboxymethyl cellulose, stir 10min, rotating speed is 900r/min, adding sulphur again stirs, pack in the mould, Muffle furnace or the baking oven of putting into preset temperature after the compacting and be 160 ℃ carry out microporous foam, take out after 13 minutes, get product.