CN106941906A - A kind of sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix - Google Patents
A kind of sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN106941906A CN106941906A CN201710164782.6A CN201710164782A CN106941906A CN 106941906 A CN106941906 A CN 106941906A CN 201710164782 A CN201710164782 A CN 201710164782A CN 106941906 A CN106941906 A CN 106941906A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a kind of sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix, be formed by following steps configuration：(1) material fermentation：According to the component of following parts by weight meter：30 parts of sweet potato powder of straw, 30 parts of blue-green algae, 10 parts of cow dung, 0.5 part of potassium hydroxide, 0.2 part of urea, the ratio of 0.06 part of starter fertilizer mix stacking and become thoroughly decomposed, stacking ensures that moisture is 40~50% during becoming thoroughly decomposed, 50~60 DEG C of temperature, once turned over throwing within every 15 days, reach after the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed to be humus；(2) matrix is mixed：According to the component of following parts by weight meter：40 parts of humus, 20 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of pine wood sawdust, 10 parts of rough sand, 0.8 part of stearoyl lactate, 0.005 part of bactericide are well mixed, and produce sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix.The matrix can significantly improve sweet potato commodity performance, disease-resistant performance and yield, and lift the quality of sweet potato.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a kind of sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix.
Technical background
China is sweet potato producing country maximum in the world, and about 4,600,000 hectares of 2010 Annual planting areas account for world's growing surface
Long-pending 50%, about 1.0 × 108 tons of annual production, accounts for the 75.3% of Gross World Product, is China's important grain, feed and industry
Process raw material.Sweet potato is drought-enduring, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, barren-resistant, and yield is high, purposes is wide, strong adaptability, is important energy crop.China
Have a large population in a small area, under the pressure of grain security, development Sweet Potato Industry under the principle of " ground is not striven with grain " can only utilize presence more
The non-cultivated land resources of soil swelling-shrinkage.
In traditional mode of production using sweet potato stem tuber carry out vegetative propagation method, due to virus infection and plant senesecence etc. because
Element, can cause the degeneration of potato seed, lose value.Therefore, qualified Virus-free Sweetpotato seedling is produced using detoxification technology, is to ensure
Sweet potato produces the basis of stability and high efficiency.High-quality edible-type kind cultivated area further expands in recent years, starts appearance intensive
Cropping pattern.Detoxification test tube plantlet or cuttage seeding are colonized in the matrix in solarium using substrate culture, can not be limited by season
System, light, temperature, water, fertilizer can be achieved artificial regulatory, therefore is most widely used.And substrate culture mode stability is higher, circulation
Usability is more preferable, therefore development degree is higher.At present, sweet potato is mainly cooked cultivation matrix using vermiculite, because vermiculite is a kind of ore deposit
Stone resource, its resource-constrained, and complex manufacturing, reuse must carry out high-temperature calcination sterilization through melting down, therefore price is high
It is expensive.During using vermiculite as Virus-free Sweetpotato primary stock culture medium, because its is frangible, with the extension of use time, easily make Jie
Matter is fine and close and loses aeration and water-retaining property, causes late blight to occur serious；Vermiculite only possesses water retention property, does not possess nutrition work(
Can, Additional nutrient solution is needed in production to meet Virus-free Sweetpotato original silkworm egg growth needs, production cost is added, the yield of sweet potato and
Quality is also greatly affected.
There are abundant Sweet potato germplasm and wide consumption market in China, has cultivated a collection of food rich in nutrient
Type Sweetpotato is used, meanwhile, the nutritional ingredient enriched in sweet potato and functional component are made full use of, development sweet potato of suiting measures to local conditions is fresh
Food and process deeply industry, will bring huge health-benefiting, economic benefit and social benefit for China.The present invention provides a kind of sweet
Potato seedling cultivation matrix, it is simple suitable for seedling early growth, low cost, step, a variety of limitations of soil cultivation are broken away from, so as to expand
The cultivation field of sweet potato, more preferably, quickly to the batch production of sweet potato, automation development, with wide market prospects and should
With value.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix, the matrix energy
Sweet potato commodity performance, disease-resistant performance and yield are enough significantly improved, and lifts the quality of sweet potato.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix, is formed by following steps configuration：
(1) material fermentation：According to the component of following parts by weight meter：30 parts of sweet potato powder of straw, 30 parts of blue-green algae, 10 parts of cow dung,
0.5 part of potassium hydroxide, 0.2 part of urea, the ratio of 0.06 part of starter fertilizer mix stacking and become thoroughly decomposed, and stacking ensures water during becoming thoroughly decomposed
It is 40~50% to divide content, and 50~60 DEG C of temperature is once turned over throwing in every 15 days, reaches after the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed to be humus；
(2) matrix is mixed：According to the component of following parts by weight meter：40 parts of humus, 20 parts of plant ash, pine wood sawdust 10
Part, 10 parts of rough sand, 0.8 part of stearoyl lactate, 0.005 part of bactericide are well mixed, and produce sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix.
Preferably, the bactericide is benomyl, iprodione and Bravo, and weight ratio is 5: 4: 2.
Preferably, the starter fertilizer is the mixing of bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis and molten algae bacillus
Three kinds of bacterium solutions, by bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis and the molten independent fermenting and producing of algae bacillus, body are pressed after fermentation by thing
Ratio of the product than 6: 3: 2 is mixed.
Preferably, described sweet potato powder of straw is particulate matter of the sweet potato stalk after crushing, and granularity is 1-3mm, aqueous
Measure 10-15%.
Preferably, the particle diameter of the cow dung is 6~9mm, and water content is 9-12%.
Preferably, the pine wood sawdust is first dried 15 days before, and its particle diameter is 2-6mm, and water content is 4-10%.
Preferably, the sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix is laid in substrate grooves, and tiling thickness is preferably 40cm.
Preferably, the substrate grooves use the preceding potassium permanganate liquid disinfectant for being about first 0.1% through mass fraction.
Preferably, before sweet potato sprout is transplanted, the sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix in substrate grooves is irrigated for first 1 day in transplanting with water.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The blue or green fresh stalk palatability of sweet potato is poor, domestic animal not eating.Hay is prepared into, nutritive loss is big；And due to stalk table
The coarse easy absorption soil in face, growth germ, cause feeding value relatively low.For a long time China's most area to sweet potato stalk all
It is to give it up or on-site incineration, it is considered as agricultural wastes, not only causes great biomass energy to waste, but also
Pollute environment.Sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix of the present invention can make stalk resource be fully utilized, and effectively reduction is planted
Cost is trained, positive impetus is played in the plantation to sweet potato, and efficiently solve sweet potato stalk and abandoned as agricultural wastes
Or pollution of the burning to environment.
Water body in lake eutrophication pollution is Chinese common problem.Tackle the effective means of blue algae bloom still at present
It is so that tissue manpower is salvaged.There is number in annual Blue-green Algae Fast Growth phase, the serious lake of each eutrophication with ten thousand tons of blue-green algae quilt daily
Pull out.How to handle these well and pulled out one of the problem of being considered as when blue-green algae is and administers water eutrophication pollution.Blue-green algae is former
Raw photosynthesis is biological, it is possible to use solar energy fixed nitrogen.Blue-green algae organic matter content enriches, and rich in N, P, utilizes the hair after fermentation
Ferment product, can not only better profit from mineral nutrition, turn waste into wealth, and can reduce chemical fertilizer profit to a certain extent
With mitigation environmental pressure, with environmental benefit, Social benefit and economic benefit.
Fermenting speed is there is during single utilization stalk fermentation excessively slow, and used after fermentation as cultivation matrix
When physical behavior existing defects, show as the problems such as unit weight is unreasonable bigger than normal with size void ratio；Sent out completely using animal wastes
It is more that ferment matrix has an available nitrogen nutrient loss in fermentation process, there is early stage matrix when being used after fermentation as cultivation matrix
The too high influence crop seedling tiller of salt content, and with the phenomenon such as the extension nutrient releasing speed of planting time is too fast.But
Current stalk fermentation research is largely focused on single fermentation agricultural crop straw or single fermentation muck as cultivation matrix
Less for stalk and muck mixed fermentation base Quality Research in research, the present invention has carried out different proportion and the stalk of species
With the experiment of muck mixed fermentation, it is slow both to have solved fermenting speed, cause again mixed culture matrix when in use physicochemical character compared with
It is good, show as that the characters such as big fine pore, nutrient equilibrium, nutrient content are more suitable, crop growth conditions are good.
Stalk and the matrixing of blue-green algae are utilized in line with the principle suited measures to local conditions, gathered materials on the spot, and agricultural wastes are recycled back to
In agricultural production process, the problem of agricultural wastes pollute not only is solved, and matrix production cost is greatly lowered, is met
And suitable China Economic Development Status, increasingly increased matrix demand in agricultural production is met, also promotes and has widened circulation
The approach of agricultural development；
The growth of sweet potato situation that sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix of the present invention is harvested is good, fast growth, and yield is high,
Commodity rate is high, plants shoot survival percent high, it is ensured that the yield and quality of sweet potato；
Raw material supply needed for sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix of the present invention is sufficient, and production technology is easy, greatly reduces
Cultivate cost, sustainable production, the problem of in the absence of resource exhaustion；Nutrient content is abundant, fertilizer efficiency length, need not subsequently supplement and appoint
What nutrition can grow plant health, obtain high yield；Sweet potato production is not limited by conditions such as soil, weathers, expand
The big cultivation field of sweet potato, more preferably, quickly to the batch production of sweet potato, automation development, with wide market prospects and
Application value；Facility, device are simple, low cost, it is easy to operate；
The pH of matrix of the present invention is in faintly acid, is conducive to growth of sweet potato and knot potato, and faintly acid matrix can control sweet potato
The generation of multiple diseases, suppresses the propagation of germ, makes the sturdy prosperity of root system, so as to ensure plant healthy growth, yield is carried
Height plays an important roll；
The appropriate addition of urea helps to adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio in sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix step (1) of the present invention,
So as to promote course of fermentation；The appropriate addition of potassium hydroxide contributes to the hydrolysis of stalk, and can play regulation pH, supplements potassium element
Effect；
Matrix of the present invention is formed by many kinds of substance mixed configuration, is mutually maximized favourable factors and minimized unfavourable ones, and rough sand has resistance to decomposition, property
The characteristics of matter stable and uniform but weaker resiliency, and humus, plant ash, pine wood sawdust contain a large amount of nutrients, shock-absorbing capacity compared with
Good so that rhizospheric environment is comparatively stablized, and low cost, facility can be obtained, and quality is loose after mixing, and dry and wet is moderate；Pine is sawed
End can also effective water lock, bacterium can be suppressed and multiplied.Stearoyl lactate can effectively adjust matrix viscosity, make matrix to sweet potato root
There is certain pressure in portion in favor of knot potato；Therefore the mixed-matrix can provide water that is stable, coordinating, fertilizer, gas heat for sweet potato plant strain growth
And rhizospheric environment condition, and can support and fixed plant；Matrix aeration is good, medium density, can both supplement growth of sweet potato mistake
Nutrient needed for journey, also can effectively oppress sweet potato root to produce more knot potato roots；Contain abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc.
Nutrient, the content of organic matter is enriched, and can provide nutrition, and soil moisture conservation effect can be played again, stalk resource can not only be made full use of,
More the environment of high-quality effectively can be provided for the growth of seedling, so as to improve production efficiency；
Matrix of the present invention uses many kinds of substance mixed fermentation, and fertilizer efficiency has slow release effect, and utilization rate is high, holds time
It is longer, seedling excessive growth can be prevented, makes seedling well developed root system, cauline leaf is in great numbers, adaptable, is that sweet potato production has laid good
Basis；Starter fertilizer is rich in multiple beneficial microorganism, not only make it that organic matter is fully fermented, can be produced in fermentation process
Sweet potato is bacillary and fungoid soil-borne disease for macrometabolic element, effectively preventing and treating, has obvious production-increasing function to plant, with heap
The features such as rotten time is short, degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is good；
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Selection 9 substrate grooves cultivation sweet potatoes, are divided into 3 groups, every group of 3 repetition, and first group is cultivated (leech using conventional substrate
Stone), second group of substrate culture method using prior art offer, the 3rd group uses sweet potato sprout cultivation base of the present invention
Matter.The per mu yield and commodity rate of three groups of sweet potatoes are calculated, as a result as shown in table 1.The substraturn approach reference that the prior art is provided
Patent CN201410267338.3 (a kind of soilless culture substrate and its preparation method and application), i.e. coconut palm chaff, perlite, organoclay
Volume ratio with fermented bean dregs is：580-620∶140-160∶140-160∶100.
Table 1
Knowable to being analyzed above-mentioned data, using seedling cultivation matrix of the present invention, yield and commodity potato have
Significantly improve, significant economic benefit can be produced.
Embodiment 2
Selection 9 substrate grooves cultivation sweet potatoes, are divided into 3 groups, every group of 3 repetition, and first group is cultivated (leech using conventional substrate
Stone), second group of substrate culture method using prior art offer, the 3rd group uses sweet potato sprout cultivation base of the present invention
Matter.The stem tuber index of quality of three groups of sweet potatoes, including content of starch, Vc contents, crude protein content and total phenol content are determined, as a result such as
Shown in table 2.The substraturn approach that the prior art is provided with reference to patent CN201410267338.3 (a kind of soilless culture substrate and
Its preparation method and application), i.e. the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, organoclay and fermented bean dregs is：580-620∶140-160∶
140-160∶100。
Table 2
From above-mentioned data analysis, using seedling cultivation matrix of the present invention, it may be such that sweet potato stem tuber quality is obtained
Improve to larger.
Embodiment 3
Selection 9 substrate grooves cultivation sweet potatoes, are divided into 3 groups, every group of 3 repetition, and first group is cultivated (leech using conventional substrate
Stone), second group of substrate culture method using prior art offer, the 3rd group uses sweet potato sprout cultivation base of the present invention
Matter.The disease rate of three groups of sweet potatoes is determined, as a result as shown in table 3.The substraturn approach that the prior art is provided is with reference to patent
CN201410267338.3 (a kind of soilless culture substrate and its preparation method and application), i.e. coconut palm chaff, perlite, organoclay and hair
The volume ratio of ferment dregs of beans is：580-620∶140-160∶140-160∶100.
Table 3
From above-mentioned data analysis, sweet potato disease rate can be significantly reduced using seedling cultivation matrix of the present invention.
Embodiment 4
27 substrate grooves cultivation sweet potatoes of selection, are divided into 9 groups, every group of 3 repetition, 9 groups of sweet potatoes use of the present invention sweet
Potato seedling cultivation matrix, its difference is the consumption of each component in step (1), calculates the per mu yield of 9 groups of sweet potatoes, as a result such as table 4
It is shown.
Table 4
From above-mentioned data analysis, only when component of the step (1) using following parts by weight meter：Sweet potato powder of straw 30
Part, 30 parts of blue-green algae, when 10 parts of cow dung, 0.5 part of potassium hydroxide, 0.2 part of urea, 0.06 part of starter fertilizer, can just make per mu yield
Highest, reaches best economic benefit.
Embodiment 5
27 substrate grooves cultivation sweet potatoes of selection, are divided into 9 groups, every group of 3 repetition, 9 groups of sweet potatoes use of the present invention sweet
Potato seedling cultivation matrix, its difference is the consumption of each component in step (2), calculates the per mu yield of 9 groups of sweet potatoes, as a result such as table 5
It is shown.
Table 5
From above-mentioned data analysis, only when component of the step (2) using following parts by weight meter：40 parts of humus, grass
When 20 parts of wood ash, 10 parts of pine wood sawdust, 10 parts of rough sand, 0.8 part of stearoyl lactate, 0.005 part of bactericide, it can just make per mu yield
Highest, reaches best economic benefit.
Embodiment 6
18 substrate grooves cultivation sweet potatoes of selection, are divided into 6 groups, every group of 3 repetition, 6 groups of sweet potatoes use of the present invention sweet
Potato seedling cultivation matrix, its difference is the germicide constituent in step (2), calculates the per mu yield of 6 groups of sweet potatoes, as a result such as table 6
It is shown.
Table 6
From above-mentioned data analysis, sweet potato when the weight ratio of benomyl, iprodione and Bravo is 5: 4: 2 in bactericide
Per mu yield highest.
Embodiment 7
18 substrate grooves cultivation sweet potatoes of selection, are divided into 6 groups, every group of 3 repetition, 6 groups of sweet potatoes use of the present invention sweet
Potato seedling cultivation matrix, its difference is the starter fertilizer component in step (1), calculates the per mu yield of 6 groups of sweet potatoes, as a result such as
Shown in table 7.
Table 7
From above-mentioned data analysis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis and molten algae gemma bar in starter fertilizer
Sweet potato per mu yield highest when the volume ratio of bacterium is 6: 3: 2.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix, is formed by following steps configuration：
(1) material fermentation：According to the component of following parts by weight meter：30 parts of sweet potato powder of straw, 30 parts of blue-green algae, 10 parts of cow dung, hydrogen-oxygen
Change 0.5 part of potassium, 0.2 part of urea, the ratio mixing stacking of 0.06 part of starter fertilizer to become thoroughly decomposed, stacking ensures that moisture contains during becoming thoroughly decomposed
Measure as 40~50%, 50~60 DEG C of temperature is once turned over throwing in every 15 days, reach after the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed to be humus；
(2) matrix is mixed：According to the component of following parts by weight meter：It is 40 parts of humus, 20 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of pine wood sawdust, thick
Husky 10 parts, 0.8 part of stearoyl lactate, 0.005 part of bactericide are well mixed, and produce sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix.
2. sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bactericide is benomyl, flutters sea
Cause and Bravo, weight ratio are 5: 4: 2.
3. sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the starter fertilizer is more viscous gemma
The mixture of bacillus, bacillus subtilis and molten algae bacillus, by bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis and molten algae gemma
The independent fermenting and producing of bacillus, after fermentation by three kinds of bacterium solutions by volume 6: 3: 2 ratio mix.
4. sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described sweet potato powder of straw is sweet potato straw
Particulate matter of the stalk after crushing, granularity is 1-3mm, water content 10-15%.
5. sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the particle diameter of the cow dung is 6~9mm,
Water content is 9-12%.
6. sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pine wood sawdust is first dried using preceding
15 days, its particle diameter was 2-6mm, and water content is 4-10%.
7. sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix application method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sweet potato sprout cultivation
Matrix is laid in substrate grooves, and tiling thickness is preferably 40cm.
8. sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix application method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that before the substrate grooves use
The potassium permanganate liquid disinfectant for being about first 0.1% through mass fraction.
9. sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix application method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that before sweet potato sprout is transplanted,
Sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix in substrate grooves is irrigated for first 1 day in transplanting with water.
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| CN108147899A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-06-12 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Vine-vegetable sweetpotato seedling medium and preparation method thereof is prepared with sweet potato vine |
| CN108605756A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-10-02 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of cultivation method improving sweet potato production comprehensive benefit |
| CN109220066A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-01-18 | 卢梅雅 | Azotica is improving the application in sweet potato potato seed emergence quality |
| CN109704847A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-03 | 丹阳市景林园园艺有限公司 | A kind of compost of good permeability |
| CN111053016A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-04-24 | 刘丰恺 | Method for producing seedling raising matrix by using straws and straw ash |
| CN112753531A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-07 | 安徽丰絮农业科技股份有限公司 | Sweet potato seedling culture medium |
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| CN105359953A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-02 | 安徽省绿福农业科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing soil-free organic seedling culture medium for green peppers |
| CN106171887A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 河南金地宝生态肥业有限公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108147899A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-06-12 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Vine-vegetable sweetpotato seedling medium and preparation method thereof is prepared with sweet potato vine |
| CN108605756A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-10-02 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of cultivation method improving sweet potato production comprehensive benefit |
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| CN112753531A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-07 | 安徽丰絮农业科技股份有限公司 | Sweet potato seedling culture medium |
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| CN106941906B (en) | 2020-05-29 |
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