CN108605756A - A kind of cultivation method improving sweet potato production comprehensive benefit - Google Patents
A kind of cultivation method improving sweet potato production comprehensive benefit Download PDFInfo
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- CN108605756A CN108605756A CN201810313181.1A CN201810313181A CN108605756A CN 108605756 A CN108605756 A CN 108605756A CN 201810313181 A CN201810313181 A CN 201810313181A CN 108605756 A CN108605756 A CN 108605756A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultivation methods that raising sweet potato produces comprehensive benefit.The method is：S1. harvest spring sweet potato after, on May 20~30 maize planting on stub land, July 25 days~August harvesting corn on the 5th；S2. after harvesting corn, by maize straw and soil rotary tillage mixing spontaneous fermentation, even after 10~15 days to apply fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, ridging operation and kept for 5~10 days, mid or late August is colonized autumn sweet potato sprout；It is even to apply microbial organic fertilizer after the S3.12 last ten-days period month to early Januaries harvest autumn sweet potato, autumn sweet potato vine, microbial organic fertilizer and soil rotary tillage are mixed, and ridging operation, cover mulch 35~45 days, 2 months early and middle ten days are colonized spring sweet potato sprout, and mid or late May harvests spring sweet potato.The cropping system of spring sweet potato summer corn autumn sweet potato of the present invention, it can obviously improve soil microenvironment, the content of organic matter, soil texture and give fertilizer fertilizer-preserving ability, Farmland Productivity is improved, the yield and quality of sweet potato is improved, the final comprehensive benefit for improving sweet potato production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the farming fields of arviculture technology, produce and integrate more particularly, to a kind of raising sweet potato
The cultivation method of benefit.
Background technology
The problem of mainly raising farmers' income that the agriculture new stage faces.By rational tillage method, keeps and carry
High soil fertility promotes the raising of fertility level, is the important content of cropping system reform, various regions are with answering adaptation to local conditions
Determine the tillage method for adapting to different areas and soil.It is the essence of China's Traditional farming system with foster combination, but it is existing
Under the target of the high investment high production of generation agricultural, great cold reception is received with the development of foster combination, the soil organism is caused to contain
It measures to decline and deteriorate with soil physico-chemical property, horizontal reduction of increasing soil fertility, oneself becomes the important restriction factor of agriculture sustainable development of relying.
The plantation amount of sweet potato in south China is larger, is important one of the cereal crops in southern area.It can be divided by season
Spring potato（Sow the summer harvest in spring）, summer potato（Summer sowing autumn harvest）, autumn potato（The autumn planting winter receives）, winter potato（The kind spring in winter receives）Equal cropping patterns.In recent years,
Although sweet potato disease-resistant variety is continued to optimize and increased, due to walking the high investment pattern of chemical farming for a long time, lead to soil plate
The serious side effects such as knot, salinization of soil, fertilizer fertilizer conservation obstacle, Dysbiosis and diseases and pests of agronomic crop exacerbation, arable land production
Power declines rapidly, the decline of the final quality and yield for influencing sweet potato.And merely by chemical fertilizer is applied, eliminating these side effects
In terms of promoting soil productivity, it is difficult to obtain ideal effect.
A kind of method therefore it provides suitable cultivation is increased soil fertility, to promote soil beneficial microorganism active degree, increase has
Machine matter content, that improves sweet potato planting site soil gives fertilizer fertilizer-preserving ability, is finally reached the mesh for improving yield of sweet potato and economic value
, there is very important application value and economic value.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome insufficient and defect in the prior art, a kind of comprehensive effect of raising sweet potato production is provided
The cultivation of benefit is increased soil fertility method.Plantation situation and seasonal weather conditions of the present invention according to sweet potato, select spring sweet potato-Xia Yu
The cropping pattern of meter -autumn sweet potato is increased soil fertility measure using plantation specular removal summer corn and fresh stalk farming returning to the field, is increased organic matter and is contained
Amount promotes soil beneficial microorganism active degree, improves soil texture and micro-ecological environment, and enhancing soil gives fertile fertilizer conservation energy
Power reduces pest and disease damage chemoprevention measure, increases microorganism and agriculture prevention and control measure, reaches the mesh for the yield and quality for improving spring sweet potato
, to improve the economic value of sweet potato plantation, it is finally reached the target for the comprehensive benefit for improving sweet potato production.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by following scheme：
A kind of cultivation method improving sweet potato production comprehensive benefit, described method includes following steps：
S1. harvest spring sweet potato after, on May 20~30 maize planting on stub land, July 25 days~August harvesting corn on the 5th；
S2. after harvesting corn, by maize straw and soil rotary tillage mixing spontaneous fermentation, the even simultaneously rotary tillage that applies fertilizer to the subsoil after 10~15 days
Ridging operation is simultaneously kept for 5~10 days, and mid or late August is colonized autumn sweet potato sprout；
S3. even to apply microbial organic fertilizer after harvest late December to early January, sweet potato autumn, autumn sweet potato vine, microorganism are had
Machine fertilizer and soil rotary tillage mixing, and ridging operation, covering mulch 35~45 days, early and middle ten days are colonized spring sweet potato sprout within 2 months, in 5 months
The last ten-days period harvest spring sweet potato.
Plantation situation and seasonal weather conditions of the present invention according to sweet potato.Sweet potato belongs to the short day crop of light,
Property happiness temperature, can not resist cold, more drought-enduring, cauline leaf needs high temperature and sufficient water, and root tuber is formed and it is nice and cool suitable for temperature quickly to expand needs,
The condition of illumination abundance, it is clear that the rainy cauline leaf fast-growth for being only suitable for sweet potato of summer high temperature, and unsuitable root tuber is formed and swollen
Greatly.Just because of this, the present invention has selected the cropping pattern of spring sweet potato-summer corn-autumn sweet potato, using Early-mid ripening excellent sweet potato product
Kind, using summer maize planting, and corn is the C4 crops of specular removal, is shot up in the environment of summer strong light high temperature, soon
Speed accumulation large amount of organic matter.It is increased fertilizer and is ploughed by stalk of fresh corn farming returning to the field, it, can be fast using summer high temperature super-humid conditions
Quick-recovery and promotion fertility, disease bacterium source, pest ovum effectively in kill soil, overcome sick in traditional straw-returning
Insect pest is by the insufficient caused harmful effect of crop material overwintering situation and straw decomposing.
Mid or late August plants autumn sweet potato, and early period, high temperature was conducive to shooting up for cauline leaf, and middle and later periods weather is dry and comfortable warm,
Day and night temperature is big, is suitble to the root tuber of sweet potato to be formed and quickly expanded, is conducive to the raising of yield and quality.After autumn sweet potato rewarding
30~45 days in（That is late December to early Febuary）, temperature is relatively low, is unfavorable for growth of sweet potato, this is utilized after harvesting autumn sweet potato
The section low temperature time is by the tendril straw-returning of autumn sweet potato.By covering mulch heat preservation, so that the soil moisture is reached certain high temperature, can reach
Accelerate sweet potato vine fermentation maturity, restore soil fertility and kill the effect of germ worm sources, fertility abundance, ring are provided for the production of spring sweet potato
The superior ecological environment of border close friend.Moreover, the huge market demand at a time when the listing of autumn sweet potato rewarding, price is good, and income is high.
2 months early and middle ten days spring sweet potato is colonized, and growth period benign climate is conducive to root tuber dry-matter accumulation.Mid or late May receives
It obtains sweet potato and is followed by stubble plantation specular removal corn, by effective farming, using a large amount of stalk of fresh corn in summer high temperature super-humid conditions
Quickly restore soil fertility down, improves soil environment.The methods of cultivation of the present invention not only conform to the reason of plant protection integrated control
It reads, and is relatively beneficial to improve the yield and quality of sweet potato, good in economic efficiency, ecologic adaptation is conducive to the hair of sustainable agriculture
Exhibition.
Preferably, the corn is early ripening maize, and growth period summer is 65~75 days；The seeding method of the corn is to exempt from
Plough program request plantation；The mu plantation strain number of the corn is 2000~2500 plants.In harvest, 70~80% corn has become corn
It is ripe.
Preferably, after shredding corn stalk described in step S2 with soil mixing spontaneous fermentation；Base fertilizer is heap in step S2
Macerate decomposed farm manure and calcium superphosphate.
Preferably, microbial organic fertilizer described in step S3 is the microbial organic fertilizer with disease pest prevention and control function.
Maize straw is decomposed at high temperature, increases the content and soil fertility of the soil organism；And by autumn sweet potato rewarding
Tendril, mix with soil by rotary tillage with insect pest preventing and controlling functional microorganism organic fertilizer and other base fertilizer, cover mulch and keep the temperature,
So that the soil moisture is reached certain high temperature, can reach and accelerate sweet potato vine fermentation maturity, restore lower productivity and kill germ worm sources
Effect, provide that fertility is sufficient, environmental-friendly superior ecological environment for the production of spring sweet potato.
Preferably, rotary tillage described in step S2 and S3 is that tractor is linked with rotary tillage；A height of 30~the 35cm in ridge after ridging, ridge
Width is 110~130cm.
Preferably, the long 30cm of seedling or so of the spring sweet potato sprout and autumn sweet potato sprout, there is 7~8 sections, kind when field planting
Seedling buries 3~4 sections, 5~7cm of thickness of earth-fill cover or so；Mu plantation strain number is 2500~4000 plants.
Preferably, the spring sweet potato sprout and autumn sweet potato sprout are before planting with 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid seed soaking seedling wounds
10min at mouthful.
Preferably, the spring sweet potato sprout and autumn sweet potato sprout drench sufficient root water after planting；Seedling benefit is looked into plantation in 7 days
Seedling, and the seedling-protection that waters.
Preferably, pinching is beaten fixed when the height of seedling of the spring sweet potato seedling and autumn sweet potato seedling is 25cm, suitably imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer.
Preferably, the growth of the spring sweet potato keeps ground moistening early period；Later growth is drained, top dressing, deinsectization, is removed in time
Grass and ridging.
Preferably, it is managed according to the production of sweet potato green after the field planting specification of the spring sweet potato sprout and autumn sweet potato sprout and field planting
Product production technology regulation executes.
The advantages of the present invention：
The present invention uses the cropping pattern of spring sweet potato-summer corn-autumn sweet potato, adequately achieves arable land with combination is supported, is being unfavorable for
In the season of sweet potato plantation, plant specular removal and the strong C4 crops of root system, not only can a large amount of biomass of Rapid Accumulation, can be with
It is obviously improved the micro-ecological environment of topsoil, soil fertility can also be increased after straw-returning, to fertile fertilizer-preserving ability, organic matter
Content improves soil texture, promotes Farmland Productivity, and fertility abundance, environmental-friendly superior is provided for autumn sweet potato and spring sweet potato
Ecological environment, while rotation system being used to also reduce the generation of sweet potato pest and disease damage, it is created for sweet potato green high quality high yield good
Ecological environment of soil, improve sweet potato yield and quality and sweet potato plantation economic value.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is made with reference to specific embodiment and further being elaborated, the embodiment is served only for explaining this
Invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Test method used in following embodiments is normal unless otherwise specified
Rule method；Used material, reagent etc., unless otherwise specified, for the reagent and material commercially obtained.
Embodiment 1
It by taking the Lezhou Peninsula as an example, is tested using crop rotation pattern of the present invention, test the method plants sweet potato
It influences.
The Lezhou Peninsula gross area is 1.25 × 104 km2, it is typical subtropical monsoon climate, high temperature and rainy, annual
23 DEG C of temperature, mean annual precipitation is up to 1700 mm.But precipitation allocation is very uneven in year, is concentrated mainly on flood season in 4~October
It is interior.Typhoon disaster is mainly in summer and autumn, and the weather conditions during summer are unfavorable for the plantation of sweet potato.
The detailed process for implementing spring sweet potato-summer corn-autumn sweet potato in the Lezhou Peninsula is as follows：
（1）The plantation of summer corn：After mid or late May harvests spring sweet potato, timely no-tillage program request precocity crlutinous maize, mu on stub land
Broadcast 2000 plants to 2500 plants of corn, 65~75 days growth periods, harvesting corn fresh fruit.
（2）The plantation of arable land fertilizing and autumn sweet potato：After harvest corn, after cornstalk is pushed over tractor lanyard rotary cultivator
Chopping is degraded with soil mixing spontaneous fermentation, and after 10~15 days, the decomposed farm manure 3000kg and mistake of stack retting is applied in arable land per acre
Calcium phosphate 30kg, carries out rotary tillage, ridging operation, a height of 30~35cm in ridge, and row spacing is 110~130cm（Packet ditch）, through corruption in 5~10 days
Ripe to be colonized autumn sweet potato sprout, autumn sweet potato kind is long 30cm of seedling or so, the head section seedling of 7~8 sections of band, first with bacterium more than 50%
1000 times of liquid of spirit are soaked seed seedling wound 10min, then use horizontal uniline insert method, and seedling buries 3~4 sections, thickness of earth-fill cover
5cm or so, when soil drought can appropriate buried depth to 7cm or so, leaching foot root water.Under the conditions of fine day and soil drought, to pour
Water seedling-protection ensures survival rate；Seeding row spacing is（15~20）cm*（110~130）Cm can plant 2500~4000 plants per acre.Kind
Plant looks into seedling in 7 days and fills the gaps with seedlings, and finds small and weak seedling and is short of seedling, and selects strong sprout to mend early and plants, and the seedling-protection that waters.Pipe after the plantation of autumn sweet potato
Reason is executed according to sweet potato green product production technology regulation.
（3）Late December to early January harvests autumn sweet potato, and it is uniform to carry insect pest preventing and controlling functional microorganism organic fertilizer later
Stub land is applied, is then mixed with microbial organic fertilizer and soil with tractor lanyard rotary cultivator chopping autumn sweet potato vine, and carry out
Ridging operation, a height of 30~35cm in ridge, row spacing are 110~130cm（Packet ditch）, mulch is covered, decomposed can be determined through 35~45 days
Plant spring sweet potato sprout；Spring sweet potato setting date is 2 months early and middle ten days, and the planting process of spring sweet potato is with autumn sweet potato, after the plantation of spring sweet potato
Management is executed according to sweet potato green product production technology regulation.May is the middle ten days harvest spring sweet potato.
The present invention strictly control plantation the spring sweet potato, summer corn and autumn sweet potato implantation time and harvest time, to ensure thunder
The weather conditions on the state peninsula are suitble to the growth of spring sweet potato, summer corn and autumn sweet potato, while also ensuring the complete of summer maize straws
It is decomposed, increase the content and soil fertility of the soil organism；So that the soil moisture is reached certain high temperature after covering mulch, can reach and add
Fast sweet potato vine fermentation maturity restores lower productivity and kills the effect of germ worm sources, and providing fertility for the production of spring sweet potato fills
Foot, environmental-friendly superior ecological environment.
Above-mentioned implantation methods not only ensure that the pest and disease damage generation of spring sweet potato and autumn sweet potato is less, and planting cost is low；Also increase
Add per mu yield, improved product quality, and then ensured that product is sold unit price and increased, increases the economic benefit of sweet potato plantation.
Comparative example 1
Traditional planting technology of Lezhou Peninsula winter potato is as follows：
（1）Nursery
Mid or late September, the selection field that topography is higher, geology is loose make nursery, plough raking before nursery, sandy loam layer
Thick well-drained field can play flat furrow seeding, the field then ridging seeding of the thin easy accumulated water of soil layer.After seeding, in height of seedling 25cm
（There are 10 leaves or more on ground）When pinching pinch, suitably impose instant nitrogenousfertilizer promote branch, cutting seedlings field planting the last week carry out it is thin
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer is applied, tender robust seedling seedling is cultivated.
（2）It makes preparation for ploughing and sowing ridging
Plow harrow site preparation ridging, a height of 30 ~ 35cm in ridge, row spacing are 110 ~ 130cm（Packet ditch）.Base manure is used sufficient when ridging, generally per acre
Using stack retting decomposed farm manure 3000kg and calcium superphosphate 30kg.
（3）Field planting
Traditional winter sweet potato planting season is 10 the middle ten days to late November, mid-April harvest time to early and middle ten days in May.It is being planted when field planting
Numerous seedling the head section seedling of clip 7 ~ 8 sections of long 30cm left and right belt make seedling, with 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid seed soaking seedlings before planting
Wound 10min.Seeding row spacing is used when field planting（15~20）cm*（110~130）Cm, mu plant 2500 ~ 4000 plants.Using horizontal single
Row is inserted, and potato seedling growth is buried 3 ~ 4 sections, thickness of earth-fill cover 5cm or so, when soil drought can appropriate buried depth to 7cm or so, drench and sufficient determine root
Water.Under the conditions of fine day and soil drought, will water seedling-protection, ensure survival rate.
（4）Field management
Seedling is looked into after transplanting in 7d to fill the gaps with seedlings, find small and weak seedling and is short of seedling, selects strong sprout to mend early and plants, and the seedling-protection that waters.After in growth
Phase, temperature get warm again after a cold spell, potato seedling growth restoration ecosystem, next year late March（Before cauline leaf seals ridge）Select fine day to turn over the soil of ridge both sides plough, about away from
Plant 15cm or so pays attention to not injuring root system, shines ridge half a day, and after application of organic fertilizers or special fertilizer for sweet potato, ridging cover go back to original ridge
Shi Jinliang trains high 2 ~ 3cm, is expanded conducive to potato wedge, and can prevent dew potato and insect-pest.Grow early period, the thermophilic phase is short, less according to it is short of rain,
It pours water in time when arid, water irrigating depth is about high 1/3 in ridge.Growth medium, low temperature arid, growth of sweet potato is slow, this phase with
Based on frost protection, corrugation irrigation during low temperature frost, water irrigating depth is about 10cm, and evening fills early row, and field keeps moistening.After growth
How wet phase is rainy.Drainage works are carried out in time, prevent rotten potato, improve potato wedge quality.15d or so after plant imposes rush seedling in time
Fertilizer, spread manuer in holes 10kg per acre.Next year late March（Before base of leaf seals ridge）, imposed in conjunction with cultivation and banking and promote potato fertilizer, based on potash fertilizer, often
Mu imposes 30 ~ 50kg of 8 ~ 15kg of urea and compound potassium sulfate fertilizer.
（5）Pest control
The growth of sweet potato phase mainly prevents the insect pests such as stem snout moth's larva, moth class, grub and weevil, is prevented using chlopyrifos underground worm, i.e., whole
5% chlopyrifos 2kg is spread fertilizer over the fields when ground ridging per acre in the ridge heart, is applied together with fertilizer with same dose when opening ridge ridging.Using height
The avermectin for imitating wide spectrum low toxicity prevents ground insect pest, once finding small instar larvae harm, prepares the liquid of normal concentration in time
It sprays.
The sweet potato tradition planting patterns in the Lezhou Peninsula has at least the following problems：（1）Growth period is long, is unfavorable for climate resources
Make full use of；（2）Using banned pesticides, the residual height of agriculture；（3）Price is low, and benefit is low；（4）The deterioration of the ecological environment, production cost increase
Add；（5）Soil environment deteriorates, and production is unsustainable.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention rather than is protected to the present invention
The limitation of shield range can also be made on the basis of above description and thinking for those of ordinary skill in the art
Other various forms of variations or variation, there is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should be included in the protection of the claims in the present invention made by within spirit and principle
Within the scope of.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cultivation method improving sweet potato production comprehensive benefit, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps：
S1. harvest spring sweet potato after, on May 20~30 maize planting on stub land, July 25 days~August harvesting corn on the 5th；
S2. after harvesting corn, by maize straw and soil rotary tillage mixing spontaneous fermentation, the even simultaneously rotary tillage that applies fertilizer to the subsoil after 10~15 days
Ridging operation is simultaneously kept for 5~10 days, and mid or late August is colonized autumn sweet potato sprout；
S3. even to apply microbial organic fertilizer after harvest late December to early January, sweet potato autumn, autumn sweet potato vine, microorganism are had
Machine fertilizer and soil rotary tillage mixing, and ridging operation, covering mulch 35~45 days, early and middle ten days are colonized spring sweet potato sprout within 2 months, in 5 months
The last ten-days period harvest spring sweet potato.
2. cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the corn is early ripening maize, and growth period summer is 65
~75 days；The seeding method of the corn is planted for no-tillage program request；The mu plantation strain number of the corn is 2000~2500 plants.
3. cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that mixed with soil after shredding corn stalk described in step S2
Close spontaneous fermentation；Base fertilizer is the decomposed farm manure and calcium superphosphate of stack retting in step S2.
4. cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that microbial organic fertilizer described in step S3 is with disease pest
The microbial organic fertilizer of prevention and control function.
5. cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that rotary tillage described in step S2 and S3 is tractor lanyard rotation
It ploughs；A height of 30~the 35cm in ridge after ridging, row spacing are 110~130cm.
6. cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the field planting of the spring sweet potato sprout and autumn sweet potato sprout is advised
Management is executed according to sweet potato green product production technology regulation after lattice and field planting.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104919995A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-23 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Fertilizing method of soil in corn/wheat-soybean relay intercropping system |
| CN106688732A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-24 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | Method for preventing root rot of sweet potatoes |
| CN106941906A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-07-14 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix |
| CN107624576A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-26 | 界首市俊良种植专业合作社 | One, which cultivates peanut, interplants the implantation methods of sweet potato |
| CN107821068A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-03-23 | 吴太平 | Three-dimensional cultivation method for sweet potatoes in dry land |
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2018
- 2018-04-09 CN CN201810313181.1A patent/CN108605756A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104919995A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-23 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Fertilizing method of soil in corn/wheat-soybean relay intercropping system |
| CN106688732A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-24 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | Method for preventing root rot of sweet potatoes |
| CN106941906A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-07-14 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of sweet potato sprout cultivation matrix |
| CN107624576A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-26 | 界首市俊良种植专业合作社 | One, which cultivates peanut, interplants the implantation methods of sweet potato |
| CN107821068A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-03-23 | 吴太平 | Three-dimensional cultivation method for sweet potatoes in dry land |
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Application publication date: 20181002 |