CN104718932A - Method for cultivating Western Yunnan lovely hemsleya roots - Google Patents
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- CN104718932A CN104718932A CN201510078636.2A CN201510078636A CN104718932A CN 104718932 A CN104718932 A CN 104718932A CN 201510078636 A CN201510078636 A CN 201510078636A CN 104718932 A CN104718932 A CN 104718932A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating Western Yunnan lovely hemsleya roots, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural science. The method comprises the steps of seedling culture, soil preparation, transplant and cultivation. Specifically, after being fertilized, a seedling land is used as a seedbed, and seeds or mother rootstocks of the Western Yunnan lovely hemsleya roots are sown in a spaced mode for seedling cultivation of the lovely hemsleya roots; fertilization is conducted after a cultivation land is selected, deep tillage is conducted after reverse cropping in late autumn, the land is raked to be flat and fine, trenches are made, deep holes are dug, one Western Yunnan lovely hemsleya root is planted in one hole, and the Western Yunnan lovely hemsleya roots are cultivated in a conventional setting management method, and the Western Yunnan lovely hemsleya roots can be harvested from November to the January of the next year. The method overcomes the defect that in the prior art, effective ingredients of the Western Yunnan lovely hemsleya roots are lost when the Western Yunnan lovely hemsleya roots are cultivated in a special experimental environment, and manual cultivation of wild species is really achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis is bred, particularly the mating system of wild the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis seedling, belongs to technical field of agriculture science.
Background technology
The western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis belongs to the rare endangered species of Yunnan Province's emphasis characteristic, and at present, be logged Yunnan Province and lay special stress on protecting and development kind, the domestic wild resource reserves of the whole district are less than 10 tons according to investigations, and market demand passs length year by year.The medical value of hymsleya amabilis is clearing heat and detoxicating, benefiting stomach and stopping pain.For stomachache, canker, the infection of the upper respiratory tract, bronchitis, pneumonia, bacillary dysentery, enteritis, urinary infection, septicemia and other multi-infection diseases.The present invention is to adhere to for the purpose of protection wild resource; actively develop the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis artificial breeding technology and demonstration plant is studied; for social expanding production provides germ plasm resource and GAP planting technology specification, improving the scientific and technological content of industry development, is Industrial Construction service better.
At present, the hymsleya amabilis of artificial breeding is mainly distributed in Zhejiang area, has document " Zhejiang hymsleya amabilis fast breeding method " to have studied the method for quickly breeding the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis under laboratory environment, adopts the culture fluid of human configuration, under suitable temperature environment conditions, shorten the cultivation time.The medical value of hymsleya amabilis is mainly reflected in Hemsleyadin and hemsloside, these two kinds of compositions have antibacterial action in various degree to bacterium flexneri, hemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuls etc. in vitro, valid density is 0.1 μ g/ml, and effect is close with chloramphenicol or stronger.Also bacteriostasis is had when 10-100 μ g/ml concentration to typhoid bacillus, Escherichia coli.Yunnan Wild to produce the medical value of the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis more excellent.The western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis adopting nutrient solution to cultivate to obtain manual laboratory will certainly lose the content of Hemsleyadin and hemsloside due to environment limit, cannot compared with wild.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the method that a kind of the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis is bred, object is to realize the artificial breeding under the hymsleya amabilis natural environment of wild the western regions of the Yunnan Province.
Of the present inventionly mainly comprise nursery, whole and transplanting breeding, concrete steps comprise:
(1) nursery: first the seed of the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis or female rhizome are passed through and disinfect, then will sterilize after every mu of nursery soil fertilizing 900-1300 kilogram and harrow even, seedbed is done again by 0.8-1.5 rice moisture in the soil face, dark 1.5-3 centimetre of program request the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis seed or female rhizome is drawn according to row × spacing in the rows 18-22 × 12-18 centimetre, cover flat rear compacting, water permeable and cover crushing straw, finally conveniently seedling management method completes the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis nursery; Conventional seedbed system mainly strengthens the management such as water, fertilizer, intertill and clean tillage, the extermination of disease and insect pest.
(2) wholely: the sand loam selecting soil layer deep, fertile or clay loam, have shelter condition and drainage condition, light transmission abundance sylvan life opening or have the plot of condition of manually sheltering from heat or light as cultivation plot, imposed the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of barnyard manure and the 15-28 thousand grams/acre fully become thoroughly decomposed according to 2500-3500 thousand grams/acre in autumn, plough deeply after the autumn Mo rotation of crops and rake thin, do wide × high furrow for 0.8-1.2 × 0.5-0.3 rice, and ensure that draining is unobstructed;
(3) transplanting breeding: in early March or late October, the furrow of step (2) are deep-cut 10 ~ 15 centimetres, cave, pine leveling is dug at the bottom of cave, every cave plants step (1) and obtains the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis seedling one strain, and earthing compresses, and waters permeable, lid flushes with furrow face again, rewater after one week once, conveniently setting management method is cultivated, after November to next year, January gathered, namely obtain the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis; Through often weeding with a hoe after field planting, during height of seedling 30 centimeters, frame or pillar should be established to climb up by holding on to for rattan, note the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously;
The sterilization method of described the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis seed is the water logging kind 20-26 hour of 30-45 DEG C by temperature.
First carry out stripping and slicing before the female rhizome sterilization of described the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis, the length of every block and be widely 4-6 centimetre, every block band epidermal area, otch is sterilized.
Described step (1) every mu of nursery soil preferably applies fertilizer 1050 kilograms.
In described step (1), fertilising is the mixture adopting farmyard manure and composite fertilizer, and mass ratio is 20:1.
Described soil layer is deep refers to the soil that effective soil layer thickness is greater than 50com.
In described step (2), the amount of barnyard manure is preferably 3,000 thousand grams/acre, and the amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is preferably 20
Thousand grams/acre.
Row × spacing in the rows in described step (3) after the hymsleya amabilis transplantation of seedlings of the western regions of the Yunnan Province is 60-80 × 30-40 centimetre (or every mu of 1500 strain ~ 2500 strains), suitably increases and decreases density according to soil fertility situation.
Described gathering is without burning sun, without cloudy day of rain, free of frost or cloudy weather, after 15, remnant is on the ground removed after the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis rhizome band soil step (3) cultivated digs out, earth is wiped off by the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis root bamboo cutter or batten, do not injure block root, fibrous root need not remove, if any hindering root, and otherwise processed.Before noting at source processing, do not clean with water.
Wherein, at its growing state of transplanting backsight, can select to impose 1-2 nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer.Plant the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis seed obtained generally to gather to early November in early October.Seed adopts damp sand storage preservation method.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the artificial culture that the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis carries out under natural environmental condition, the loss of the active ingredient of cultivating under overcoming prior art laboratory specific environment, really realizes the artificial culture of wild varieties.Pass through through the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis that the inventive method is cultivated and detect, dihydrocucurbitacin F, cucurbitacin, hemsloside all detect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1: the method that present embodiment the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis is bred is:
(1) nursery: the water logging kind 24 hours by the seed temperature of the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis being first 30 DEG C, every mu to be spread fertilizer over the fields with the mixing such as 1000 kilograms, sheep excrement, composite fertilizer 50 kilograms, disinfectant and fully harrows even with soil wholely, seedbed is done again by 1.2 meters of moisture in the soil faces, dark 2 centimetres of program request the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis seeds are drawn according to row × spacing in the rows 20 × 15 centimetres, cover flat rear compacting, water permeable and cover crushing straw, strengthening the management such as water, fertilizer, intertill and clean tillage, the extermination of disease and insect pest in cultivating process, finally complete the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis nursery;
(2) wholely: select the sand paper loam that soil layer is deep, fertile, have shelter condition and drainage condition, light transmission abundance the plot of sylvan life opening as cultivation plot, apply by 3,000 thousand grams/acre the barnyard manure fully become thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with whole, and add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 20 kilograms., plough deeply after the autumn Mo rotation of crops and rake thin, do the furrow of wide × high 1 × 0.5 meter, and ensure that draining is unobstructed;
(3) transplanting breeding: at early March, the furrow of step (2) are deep-cut 15 centimetres, cave, pine leveling is dug at the bottom of cave, hymsleya amabilis seedling one strain of cultivation the western regions of the Yunnan Province, every cave, the row × spacing in the rows after the hymsleya amabilis transplantation of seedlings of the western regions of the Yunnan Province is 60 × 30 centimetres, and earthing compresses, water permeable, lid flushes with furrow face again, and rewater after one week once, conveniently setting management method is cultivated; Select at November, cloudy weather, 16 points, the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis rhizome band soil step (3) cultivated digs out and removes the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis that namely ground remnant obtains artificial culture.
The western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis of present embodiment acquisition grinds, extracts through methyl alcohol, then passes through silica gel column chromatography repeatedly, gets compound from its methanolic extract ethyl acetate portion, and after detecting, dihydrocucurbitacin F, cucurbitacin, hemsloside all detect.
Embodiment 2: the method that present embodiment the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis is bred is:
(1) first female for the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis rhizome process is disinfected, stripping and slicing to every block length and be widely 5 centimetres and then every mu of nursery soil fertilizing 900 kilograms (fertilizer is the pig manure of 857 kilograms and the composite fertilizer of 43 kilograms) sterilized afterwards and harrowed even, seedbed is done again by 0.8 meter of moisture in the soil face, the female rhizome of dark 1.5 centimetres of program request the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis is drawn according to row × spacing in the rows 18 × 12 centimetres, cover flat rear compacting, water permeable and cover crushing straw, strengthen the management such as water, fertilizer, intertill and clean tillage, the extermination of disease and insect pest, finally complete the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis nursery;
(2) wholely: select the clay loam that soil layer is deep, fertile, there are shelter condition and drainage condition, have the plot of condition of manually sheltering from heat or light as cultivation plot, imposed the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of barnyard manure and 28,000 grams/acre fully become thoroughly decomposed according to 2,500 thousand grams/acre in autumn, plough deeply after the autumn Mo rotation of crops and rake thin, do the furrow that wide × height is 1.2 × 0.5 meters, and ensure that draining is unobstructed;
(3) transplanting breeding: in late October, the furrow of step (2) are deep-cut 10 centimetres, cave, pine leveling is dug at the bottom of cave, hymsleya amabilis seedling one strain of cultivation the western regions of the Yunnan Province, every cave, OK × spacing in the rows is 80 × 40 centimetres, and earthing compresses, water permeable, lid flushes with furrow face again, and rewater after one week once, conveniently setting management method is cultivated; Select January in next year, without burning sun, cloudy day without rain, free of frost, after 15, the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis rhizome step (3) cultivated digs out the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis namely obtaining artificial culture.Remove remnant on the ground after band soil digs out, earth is wiped off by the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis root bamboo cutter or batten, and do not injure block root, fibrous root need not remove, if any hindering root, and otherwise processed.Before noting at source processing, do not clean with water.
Embodiment 3: the method that present embodiment the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis is bred is:
(1) nursery: the water logging kind 20 to 26 hours by the seed temperature of the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis being first 30 to 45 DEG C, then every mu with farmyard manure 1240 kilograms, composite fertilizer 62 kilograms, the mixing such as disinfectant is spread fertilizer over the fields and is fully harrowed even with soil, do seedbed by 1.5 meters of moisture in the soil faces again, draw dark 3 centimetres of program request the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis seeds according to row × spacing in the rows 22 × 18 centimetres, cover flat rear compacting, water permeable and cover crushing straw, finally conveniently seedling management method completes the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis nursery; Conventional seedbed system mainly strengthens the management such as water, fertilizer, intertill and clean tillage, the extermination of disease and insect pest.
(2) wholely: the sand paper loam selecting soil layer deep, fertile or clay loam, have shelter condition and drainage condition, light transmission abundance sylvan life opening or have the plot of condition of manually sheltering from heat or light as cultivation plot, imposed the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of barnyard manure and 15,000 grams/acre fully become thoroughly decomposed according to 3,500 thousand grams/acre in autumn, plough deeply after the autumn Mo rotation of crops and rake thin, do the furrow that wide × height is 1.2 × 0.5 meters, and ensure that draining is unobstructed;
(3) transplanting breeding: in early March or late October, the furrow of step (2) are deep-cut 11 centimetres, cave, pine leveling is dug at the bottom of cave, hymsleya amabilis seedling one strain of cultivation the western regions of the Yunnan Province, every cave, OK × spacing in the rows is 70 × 30 centimetres, and earthing compresses, water permeable, lid flushes with furrow face again, and rewater after one week once, conveniently setting management method is cultivated; Select in December, without burning sun, cloudy day without rain, free of frost, 18 points, the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis rhizome step (3) cultivated digs out the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis namely obtaining artificial culture.Remove remnant on the ground after band soil digs out, earth is wiped off by the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis root bamboo cutter or batten, and do not injure block root, fibrous root need not remove.
Embodiment 4: the process that present embodiment the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis is bred is:
(1) water seed soaking was pulled out after 24 hours, put into the tpn solution blent and disinfected 15 minutes, drain after taking-up;
(2) wholely every mu with fertile 1000 kilograms of sheep excrement or other agriculture, composite fertilizer 50 kilograms, the mixing such as disinfectant is spread fertilizer over the fields and is fully harrowed even with soil, the thin uniform sand loam of rake is selected to carry out seedbed by 1.2 meters of moisture in the soil faces, by row, spacing in the rows 20x15 centimetre, after drawing dark 2 centimetres of rill program requests, cover flat rill side fine earth, real with the light row pressure of wooden rake, water 1 time permeable, the broken little stalk of upper covering skim;
(3) select deep, the fertile sand loam of soil layer or clay loam, have concealment condition and drainage condition, light transmission abundance sylvan life opening or have the plot of artificial shading condition to cultivate;
(4) autumn, late October transplanted.Whole good plot is done wide 1.0 meters, the furrow of high 0.25-0.30 rice, furrow furrow width 0.5 meter.Dig cave by dark 10 ~ 15 centimetres, dig pine leveling at the bottom of cave, hymsleya amabilis seedling one strain of cultivation the western regions of the Yunnan Province, every cave, earthing compresses, normal root water of drenching, then blinding flushes with furrow face, after transplanting one week, rewaters once;
(5) hymsleya amabilis distance between rows and hills in the western regions of the Yunnan Province is 60 × 80 cm x 30-40 centimetre, and namely every mu of 1500 strain ~ 2500 strains are advisable, and suitably can increase and decrease density according to soil fertility situation;
(6) select to carry out at cloudy weather, if select to carry out should selecting to carry out at 15 at fine day later.By cultivation direction, hymsleya amabilis ridge, the western regions of the Yunnan Province, dug out by the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis rhizome band soil successively, remove remnant on the ground, use bamboo cutter or batten to be wiped off by earth, note not injuring block root, fibrous root need not remove, if any hindering root, and otherwise processed.Before noting at source processing, do not clean with water.
Embodiment 5: the process that present embodiment the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis is bred is:
(1) nursery: first female for the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis rhizome is first carried out stripping and slicing, the length of every block and be widely 5 centimetres, every block band epidermal area, otch is sterilized, then will sterilize after every mu of nursery soil fertilizing 1200 kilograms and harrow the even (mixture of employing farmyard manure and composite fertilizer, mass ratio is 20:1), seedbed is done again by 1.2 meters of moisture in the soil faces, the female rhizome of dark 2.2 centimetres of program request the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis is drawn according to row × spacing in the rows 20 × 15 centimetres, cover flat rear compacting, water permeable and cover crushing straw, finally conveniently seedling management method completes the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis nursery; Conventional seedbed system mainly strengthens the management such as water, fertilizer, intertill and clean tillage, the extermination of disease and insect pest.
(2) wholely: the sand paper loam selecting soil layer deep, fertile or clay loam, have shelter condition and drainage condition, light transmission abundance the plot of sylvan life opening as cultivation plot, imposed the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of barnyard manure and 26,000 grams/acre fully become thoroughly decomposed according to 2,800 thousand grams/acre in autumn, plough deeply after the autumn Mo rotation of crops and rake thin, do the furrow that wide × height is 1 × 0.5 meter, and ensure that draining is unobstructed;
(3) transplanting breeding: October 22, the furrow of step (2) are deep-cut 14 centimetres, cave, pine leveling is dug at the bottom of cave, hymsleya amabilis seedling one strain of cultivation the western regions of the Yunnan Province, every cave, the distance between rows and hills after the hymsleya amabilis transplantation of seedlings of the western regions of the Yunnan Province is 70 × 35 centimetres, and earthing compresses, water permeable, lid flushes with furrow face again, and rewater after one week once, conveniently setting management method is cultivated; Through often weeding with a hoe after field planting, during height of seedling 30 centimeters, frame or pillar should be established to climb up by holding on to for rattan, note the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously; Select in January in November to next year, without burning sun, without cloudy day of rain, free of frost or cloudy weather, after 15, the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis rhizome step (3) cultivated digs out the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis namely obtaining artificial culture.Remove remnant on the ground after band soil digs out, earth is wiped off by the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis root bamboo cutter or batten, and do not injure block root, fibrous root need not remove, if any hindering root, and otherwise processed.Before noting at source processing, do not clean with water.
Above the specific embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, various change can also be made under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.
Claims (8)
1. the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis method of breeding, comprises nursery, whole and transplanting breeding, it is characterized in that concrete steps are:
(1) nursery: first the seed of the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis or female rhizome are passed through and disinfect, then will sterilize after every mu of nursery soil fertilizing 900-1300 kilogram and harrow even, seedbed is done again by 0.8-1.5 rice moisture in the soil face, dark 1.5-3 centimetre of program request the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis seed or female rhizome is drawn according to row × spacing in the rows 18-22 × 12-18 centimetre, cover flat rear compacting, water permeable and cover crushing straw, conveniently seedling management method completes the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis nursery;
(2) wholely: the sand paper loam selecting soil layer deep, fertile or clay loam, have shelter condition and drainage condition, light transmission abundance sylvan life opening or have the plot of condition of manually sheltering from heat or light as cultivation plot, imposed the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of barnyard manure and the 15-28 thousand grams/acre fully become thoroughly decomposed according to 2500-3500 thousand grams/acre in autumn, plough deeply after the autumn Mo rotation of crops and rake thin, do wide × high furrow for 0.8-1.2 × 0.5-0.3 rice, and ensure that draining is unobstructed;
(3) transplanting breeding: in early March or late October, the furrow of step (2) are deep-cut 10 ~ 15 centimetres, cave, pine leveling is dug at the bottom of cave, every cave plants the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis seedling one strain that step (1) obtains, and earthing compresses, and waters permeable, lid flushes with furrow face again, rewater after one week once, conveniently field planting management method is cultivated, after November to next year, January gathered, namely obtain the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis.
2. the western regions of the Yunnan Province according to claim 1 hymsleya amabilis method of breeding, is characterized in that: the sterilization method of described the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis seed is the water logging kind 20-26 hour of 30-45 DEG C by temperature.
3. the western regions of the Yunnan Province according to claim 1 hymsleya amabilis method of breeding, is characterized in that: first carry out stripping and slicing before the female rhizome sterilization of described the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis, the length of every block and be widely 4-6 centimetre, every block band epidermal area, and otch is sterilized.
4. the western regions of the Yunnan Province according to claim 1 hymsleya amabilis method of breeding, is characterized in that: described step (1) every mu of nursery soil fertilizing 1050 kilograms.
5. the method that the western regions of the Yunnan Province hymsleya amabilis according to claim 1 or 4 is bred, is characterized in that: in described step (1), fertilising is the mixture adopting farmyard manure and composite fertilizer, and mass ratio is 20:1.
6. the western regions of the Yunnan Province according to claim 1 hymsleya amabilis method of breeding, is characterized in that: in described step (2), the amount of barnyard manure is 3,000 thousand grams/acre, and the amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 20,000 grams/acre.
7. the western regions of the Yunnan Province according to claim 1 hymsleya amabilis method of breeding, is characterized in that: the row × spacing in the rows in described step (3) after the hymsleya amabilis transplantation of seedlings of the western regions of the Yunnan Province is 60-80 × 30-40 centimetre.
8. the western regions of the Yunnan Province according to claim 1 hymsleya amabilis method of breeding, is characterized in that: described in gather be without burning sun, without cloudy day of rain, free of frost or cloudy weather, after 15.
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