CN103814790A - Method for cultivating large-fruited Chinese hawthorns by grafting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for cultivating large-fruited Chinese hawthorns by grafting. Wild large-fruited Chinese hawthorn resources and a high-yield hawthorn variety are grafted, and therefore, genetic resources of wild large-fruited Chinese hawthorns are kept, and meanwhile, the hawthorn mouth feel and the fruit nutritive value are improved, and especially, calcium content in fruits is improved; the calcium content in the harvested fruits reaches up to 221.62mg/100g.

Description

A kind of method of grafting cultivation hawthorn

Technical field

The present invention relates to fruit growing field, particularly a kind of method of grafting cultivation hawthorn.

Background technology

Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge), has another name called hawthorn, rose family May.Stone fruit, caryoplasm is hard, and pulp is thin, and taste is micro-sour and astringent.Deciduous tree, up to 6 meters, bark is coarse, lead or taupe; Thorn is about 1-2 centimetre, sometimes stingless; Sprig is cylindrical, and annual shoot puce without hair or be bordering on without hair, is dredged rawhide hole, old branch taupe; Hibernaculum triangle is avette, and tip circle is blunt, without hair, purple.Blade width egg shape or triangular shape are avette, and rare water chestnut shape is avette, long 5-10 centimetre, wide 4-7.5 centimetre.In Heilungkiang, the ground such as Jilin, Liaoning, the Inner Mongol, fruit is raw-eaten or make jam fruitcake; After drying, be used as medicine, have that stomach invigorating, long-pendingization that disappear are stagnant, the effect of the loose stasis of blood of having a respite; Chinese distinctive medicine fruit dual-purpose seeds.

Fructus Crataegi sweet and sour taste, has in very high nutrition and medical value, particularly hawthorn calcium content high, and according to records, calcium content is 52mg/100g, and therefore children and pregnant woman old man normal edible haw after meal, can improve the picked-up to calcium.Northern China is area under Liaoning Province particularly, wild hawthorn germ plasm resource is endangered, although but wild hawthorn output is little, fruit stature is less, but to local climate strong adaptability, and in fruit, calcium content is relatively high, therefore, how to make wild change man kind, in keeping wild hawthorn germ plasm resource continuity, cultivate the high kind of calcium content and just seem particularly important.

Summary of the invention

For solving above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of grafting cultivation hawthorn, utilize wild hawthorn resource and high yield hawthorn species to carry out grafting, preserve wild hawthorn germ plasm resource, improve hawthorn mouthfeel simultaneously, and fruits nutrition value, particularly improving calcium content in fruit, in gained fruit, calcium content is up to 221.62mg/100g.

For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:

A kind of method of grafting cultivation hawthorn: comprise the steps:

Step 1, choose adaptable wild hawthorn seed; Sow autumn, every mu of seed consumption 8-10 kilogram, grows to 5-8cm until Second Year seedling in spring and transplants when high;

Step 2, sapling grafting: by 1 year above hawthorn nursery stock trunk of cultivation, blocking apart from 3-5cm place, ground, 1 year above hawthorn of step 1 gained cultivation is chosen on stiff wood grafting and described hawthorn nursery stock trunk, use plastic film wrapped grafting part, grafting growth is after three to four months, plastic foil is wrapped up again, in order to avoid plastic foil affects seedling growth; Earth up to grafting part before frost winter, and soil moisture conservation is survived the winter;

Step 3, secondary grafting, 2 years above hawthorn nursery stock trunks of step 2 gained grafting survival are sheared to the 3-5cm up and down that comprises step 2 grafting part, choose cultivation 2 years or 3 years above hawthorn nursery stocks, trunk is blocked apart from 50-60cm place, ground, by the truncated position grafting of the hawthorn branch end of the branch of the 3-5cm up and down that comprises step 2 grafting part cutting and cultivation 2 years or 3 years above hawthorn nursery stocks, and with the hawthorn shearing end of plastic film wrapped grafting place and grafting twig, grafting growth is after three to four months, plastic foil is wrapped up again, in order to avoid plastic foil affects seedling growth,

Step 4, field management: adopt 4mx4m or 5m × 4m in fertile ground, Plain distance between rows and hills; Adopt 4mx4m or 4m × 3m in hilly ground, hillside distance between rows and hills, the cultivation of north and south row, ventilation and penetrating light between favourable thornbuss; Before transplanted seedling tree, dig cave, cave, fertile soil plot length and width, dark 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, be increased to 70cm × 70cm, dark 50～60cm in cave, the barren plot of soil property; Before planting, want backfill become thoroughly decomposed fertile high-quality soil and farmyard manure, the nutrition that assurance Early seedling stage is grown; Hoe up weeds and loosen the soil summer in time, timely moisturizing when arid; Before freezing, set body and will whitewash or tie careless or ridging, protect treelet, make its safe overwintering; In breeding time: will plough every year vacant lot in the ranks, within 1～2 year, will plough tree dish, plough front first spreading fertilizer over the fields after farmyard manure at every turn; Farmyard manure is with bird muck and pig manure, deer excrement, ash, hair, fowl plumage the best; Rational Application nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage increases the quantity of using of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, life in 10 years tree above, in the first tenday period of a month in May, every strain imposes urea 250g, with the supplemental tree bulk-growth desired nutritional that blossoms and bears fruit; Every strain mid-July imposes nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer by 2: 4: 4 mixing 400～500g, to promote Fruit and to improve fruit quality;

Step 5, the extermination of disease and insect pest: to the sick fruit in each period, sick leaf, sick tip centralized collection, burns, buried, ploughs deeply in the fall or before rudiment in early spring, and thickness is 10-20cm; Rudiment in early spring is front at orchard ground liming powder, every mu of consumption 25kg; Spraying the little spirit of peach, phoxim, dichlorvos for tetranychid and peach leaflet heart worm and emergence period prevents and treats;

Step 6, the storage of gathering: calculate fruit growth number of days, start to gather for 140 to 150 days from fallen flowers, the fruit after gathering is packed storage.

With respect to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: the method for a kind of grafting cultivation of the present invention hawthorn, utilize wild hawthorn resource and high yield hawthorn species to carry out grafting, preserve wild hawthorn germ plasm resource, improve hawthorn mouthfeel simultaneously, and fruits nutrition value, particularly improving calcium content in fruit, in gained fruit, calcium content is up to 221.62mg/100g.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention program is described in further detail:

A kind of method of grafting cultivation hawthorn: comprise the steps:

Step 1, choose adaptable wild hawthorn seed; Sow autumn, every mu of seed consumption 8-10 kilogram, grows to 5-8cm until Second Year seedling in spring and transplants when high;

Step 2, sapling grafting: by 1 year above hawthorn nursery stock trunk of cultivation, blocking apart from 3-5cm place, ground, 1 year above hawthorn of step 1 gained cultivation is chosen on stiff wood grafting and described hawthorn nursery stock trunk, use plastic film wrapped grafting part, grafting growth is after three to four months, plastic foil is wrapped up again, in order to avoid plastic foil affects seedling growth; Earth up to grafting part before frost winter, and soil moisture conservation is survived the winter;

Step 3, secondary grafting, 2 years above hawthorn nursery stock trunks of step 2 gained grafting survival are sheared to the 3-5cm up and down that comprises step 2 grafting part, choose cultivation 2 years or 3 years above hawthorn nursery stocks, trunk is blocked apart from 50-60cm place, ground, by the truncated position grafting of the hawthorn branch end of the branch of the 3-5cm up and down that comprises step 2 grafting part cutting and cultivation 2 years or 3 years above hawthorn nursery stocks, and with the hawthorn shearing end of plastic film wrapped grafting place and grafting twig, grafting growth is after three to four months, plastic foil is wrapped up again, in order to avoid plastic foil affects seedling growth,

Step 4, field management: adopt 4mx4m or 5m × 4m in fertile ground, Plain distance between rows and hills; Adopt 4mx4m or 4m × 3m in hilly ground, hillside distance between rows and hills, the cultivation of north and south row, ventilation and penetrating light between favourable thornbuss; Before transplanted seedling tree, dig cave, cave, fertile soil plot length and width, dark 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, be increased to 70cm × 70cm, dark 50～60cm in cave, the barren plot of soil property; Before planting, want backfill become thoroughly decomposed fertile high-quality soil and farmyard manure, the nutrition that assurance Early seedling stage is grown; Hoe up weeds and loosen the soil summer in time, timely moisturizing when arid; Before freezing, set body and will whitewash or tie careless or ridging, protect treelet, make its safe overwintering; In breeding time: will plough every year vacant lot in the ranks, within 1～2 year, will plough tree dish, plough front first spreading fertilizer over the fields after farmyard manure at every turn; Farmyard manure is with bird muck and pig manure, deer excrement, ash, hair, fowl plumage the best; Rational Application nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage increases the quantity of using of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, life in 10 years tree above, in the first tenday period of a month in May, every strain imposes urea 250g, with the supplemental tree bulk-growth desired nutritional that blossoms and bears fruit; Every strain mid-July imposes nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer by 2: 4: 4 mixing 400～500g, to promote Fruit and to improve fruit quality;

Step 5, the extermination of disease and insect pest: to the sick fruit in each period, sick leaf, sick tip centralized collection, burns, buried, ploughs deeply in the fall or before rudiment in early spring, and thickness is 10-20cm; Rudiment in early spring is front at orchard ground liming powder, every mu of consumption 25kg; Spraying the little spirit of peach, phoxim, dichlorvos for tetranychid and peach leaflet heart worm and emergence period prevents and treats;

Step 6, the storage of gathering: calculate fruit growth number of days, start to gather for 140 to 150 days from fallen flowers, the fruit after gathering is packed storage.

To detect according to this method gained hawthorn fruit, in gained fruit, calcium content is up to 221.62mg/100g.

The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and any variation of expecting without creative work or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain that claims were limited.

Claims (1)

1. the method for a grafting cultivation hawthorn: it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

Step 1, choose adaptable wild hawthorn seed; Sow autumn, every mu of seed consumption 8-10 kilogram, grows to 5-8cm until Second Year seedling in spring and transplants when high;

Step 2, sapling grafting: by 1 year above hawthorn nursery stock trunk of cultivation, blocking apart from 3-5cm place, ground, 1 year above hawthorn of step 1 gained cultivation is chosen on stiff wood grafting and described hawthorn nursery stock trunk, use plastic film wrapped grafting part, grafting growth is after three to four months, plastic foil is wrapped up again, in order to avoid plastic foil affects seedling growth; Earth up to grafting part before frost winter, and soil moisture conservation is survived the winter;

Step 3, secondary grafting, 2 years above hawthorn nursery stock trunks of step 2 gained grafting survival are sheared to the 3-5cm up and down that comprises step 2 grafting part, choose cultivation 2 years or 3 years above hawthorn nursery stocks, trunk is blocked apart from 50-60cm place, ground, by the truncated position grafting of the hawthorn branch end of the branch of the 3-5cm up and down that comprises step 2 grafting part cutting and cultivation 2 years or 3 years above hawthorn nursery stocks, and with the hawthorn shearing end of plastic film wrapped grafting place and grafting twig, grafting growth is after three to four months, plastic foil is wrapped up again, in order to avoid plastic foil affects seedling growth,

Step 4, field management: adopt 4mx4m or 5m × 4m in fertile ground, Plain distance between rows and hills; Adopt 4mx4m or 4m × 3m in hilly ground, hillside distance between rows and hills, the cultivation of north and south row, ventilation and penetrating light between favourable thornbuss; Before transplanted seedling tree, dig cave, cave, fertile soil plot length and width, dark 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, be increased to 70cm × 70cm, dark 50～60cm in cave, the barren plot of soil property; Before planting, want backfill become thoroughly decomposed fertile high-quality soil and farmyard manure, the nutrition that assurance Early seedling stage is grown; Hoe up weeds and loosen the soil summer in time, timely moisturizing when arid; Before freezing, set body and will whitewash or tie careless or ridging, protect treelet, make its safe overwintering; In breeding time: will plough every year vacant lot in the ranks, within 1～2 year, will plough tree dish, plough front first spreading fertilizer over the fields after farmyard manure at every turn; Farmyard manure is with bird muck and pig manure, deer excrement, ash, hair, fowl plumage the best; Rational Application nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage increases the quantity of using of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, life in 10 years tree above, in the first tenday period of a month in May, every strain imposes urea 250g, with the supplemental tree bulk-growth desired nutritional that blossoms and bears fruit; Every strain mid-July imposes nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer by 2: 4: 4 mixing 400～500g, to promote Fruit and to improve fruit quality;

Step 5, the extermination of disease and insect pest: to the sick fruit in each period, sick leaf, sick tip centralized collection, burns, buried, ploughs deeply in the fall or before rudiment in early spring, and thickness is 10-20cm; Rudiment in early spring is front at orchard ground liming powder, every mu of consumption 25kg; Spraying the little spirit of peach, phoxim, dichlorvos for tetranychid and peach leaflet heart worm and emergence period prevents and treats;

Step 6, the storage of gathering: calculate fruit growth number of days, start to gather for 140 to 150 days from fallen flowers, the fruit after gathering is packed storage.