CN101322471A

CN101322471A - Soilless substrate for breeding crops

Info

Publication number: CN101322471A
Application number: CNA2008101408328A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李海涛; 马梅静
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-07-28
Filing date: 2008-07-28
Publication date: 2008-12-17
Anticipated expiration: 2028-07-28
Also published as: CN101322471B

Abstract

The invention relates to a soilless substrate for cultivating crops, which efficiently solves the problems of city greening and environmental protection and sterile soil. The technical proposal for solution is as follows: the soilless substrate is prepared by the following components based on weight percentages of 31-63% of plant straw, 9-29% of compound amino acid, 4-12% of powdered charcoal, 10-34% of ground phosphorite and 5-22% of potassium feldspar, the total amount being 100%, during the preparation, after formaldehyde with the mass concentration of 40% is firstly used for dilution 30 times, the plant straw is squirted with water and covered with thin films; exposing of 25-30 hours and air drying are carried out, and plant straw is crashed and poured in a stirrer together with the powdered charcoal; the compound amino acid is then stirred and slowly added at the temperature of 18-30 DEG C to react for 3-5 hours with the plant straw and the powdered charcoal under full stirring; even mixing is carried out, and then ground phosphorite and potassium feldspar are sequentially added; the stirring and reaction last 3-6 hours, and the pH value is 5-6.5 and the soilless substrate is obtained; the invention not only solves the problem of city greening and environmental protection but also can solve the planting problem of organic food of sterile soil and ecological agriculture, having scientific compositions and good use effects and being an innovation in the field of agriculture.

Description

A kind of soilless substrate of breeding crops

One, technical field

The present invention relates to agriculture field, particularly a kind of soilless substrate of breeding crops.

Two, background technology

Soil is that cultivated plant institute is necessary, but the soil to cultivation must be through handling, as ploughing rake, weeding etc., increase recruitment greatly, time spent, efficiency is low, and often the damage by disease and insect that soil passes takes place, and, owing to use a large amount of chemical fertilizer to the soil for a long time, cause the hardening soil, granular structure is destroyed, the soil property of soil reduces, yet, tower the minimizing of green coverage per capita in the city along with high buildings and large mansions, the rising of temperature, urban intersects to afforest more and more to be paid attention to by the mankind, and aerial plantation is concerned about by people, and is present, urban afforestation, general roadside, vacant lot, grass has been planted in the park, plant flower, plant trees, but roof greening makes slow progress, reason is that soil is piled up roof one is moisture deficiency; The 2nd, can not water conservation, particularly rain, irrigate back soil and run off easily, thus the appearance of soilless substrate, for the city roof greening has found wide way, particularly in some soil depletion areas, arid area, saline land be because geology is very poor, cultivate very difficultly, even can't plant, so for plant planting, improve the ecological balance, make and benefit the mankind, urban afforestation environmental protection and the histie problem of solution are by people are concerned about.

Three, summary of the invention

At above-mentioned situation, for overcoming the prior art defective, the present invention's purpose just provides a kind of soilless substrate of breeding crops, can effectively solve urban afforestation environmental protection and histie problem, the technical scheme of its solution is: by by weight percentage: straw 31-63%, compound amino acid 9-29%, charcoal powder 4-12%, rock phosphate 10-34% and potassium feldspar 5-22%, total amount is 100% to make, during preparation, earlier be 40% formaldehyde with mass concentration, dilute 30 times after, straw squirted with film cover, disclose through 25-30 hour, air-dry, straw pulverized and and charcoal powder pour in the agitator, again with the compound amino acid limit under 18-30 ℃, slowly add while stirring, make itself and straw, the abundant stirring reaction 3-5 of charcoal powder hour, mixing, add rock phosphate more successively, potassium feldspar, stirring reaction 3-6 hour, the ph value was 5-6.5; Said compound amino acid is by weight percentage: aspartic acid 0.9%, threonine 0.4%, glutamic acid 2%, glycine 1.4%, alanine 1.5%, cystine 0.6%, methionine 0.2%, isoleucine 0.7%, leucine 1.3%, tyrosine 0.1%, proline 1.8%, arginine 1.1%, histidine 0.1%, lysine 0.3%, phenyl alanine 0.7%, valine 1.4% and water 85.5% mixing are formed.The present invention had not only solved the urban afforestation environmental protection but also can solve the plantation problem of the organic food of the barren soil and the ecological agriculture, the prescription science, and result of use is good, is that one on the agriculture field innovated greatly.

Four, embodiment

Below in conjunction with actual conditions the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.

The present invention in the specific implementation, also can be by the weight meter: straw 600-1000 part, compound amino acid 200-400 part, charcoal powder 80-150 part, rock phosphate 200-500 part and potassium feldspar 100-300 part are made, during preparation, earlier be 40% formaldehyde with mass concentration, dilute 30 times after, straw squirted with film cover, disclosed through 25-30 hour, air-dry, again straw is pulverized and and charcoal powder pour in the agitator, with compound amino acid under 18-30 ℃ of temperature, slowly add while stirring, make itself and straw, charcoal powder fully stirs, and reacts 3-5 hour, adds rock phosphate more successively, potassium feldspar stirring reaction 3-6 hour, the ph value is 5-6.5; Said straw is an agricultural crop straw, and as maize straw, wheat straw stalk, peanut stalk, Ipomoea batatas stalk, jowar stalk etc., tree branches and leaves is as willow branch and leaf, elm branches and leaves, willow branches and leaves etc.

Embodiment 1: the present invention is by the weight meter: 800 parts of straws, 350 parts of compound amino acids, 100 parts of charcoal powders, 300 parts in rock phosphate and potassium feldspar are made for 150 parts, during preparation, are earlier 40% formaldehyde with mass concentration, after diluting 30 times, straw is squirted with the film covering, through exposure in 27 hours, air-dry, straw pulverized and and charcoal powder pour in the agitator, again with compound amino acid under 21 ℃ of temperature, slowly add while stirring, make itself and straw, charcoal powder fully stirs, reacted 4.5 hours, add rock phosphate more successively, potassium feldspar stirring reaction 5.5 hours, ph value are 5.5.

Embodiment 2: the present invention is by straw 800kg, compound amino acid 350kg, charcoal powder 100kg, rock phosphate 300kg and potassium feldspar 150kg make, and during preparation, are earlier 40% formaldehyde with mass concentration, after diluting 30 times, straw is squirted with the film covering, through exposure in 30 hours, air-dry, straw pulverized and and charcoal powder pour in the agitator, again with compound amino acid under 25 ℃ of temperature, slowly add while stirring, make itself and straw, charcoal powder fully stirs, reacted 4 hours, add rock phosphate more successively, potassium feldspar stirring reaction 4.5 hours, ph value are 5.7.

Embodiment 3: the present invention is by by weight percentage: straw 47.1%, compound amino acid 20.6%, charcoal powder 5.9%, rock phosphate 17.6% and potassium feldspar 8.8% made, and during preparation, is earlier 40% formaldehyde with mass concentration, after diluting 30 times, straw is squirted with the film covering, through exposure in 25 hours, air-dry, straw pulverized and and charcoal powder pour in the agitator, again with compound amino acid under 28 ℃ of temperature, slowly add while stirring, make itself and straw, charcoal powder fully stirs, reacted 3.5 hours, add rock phosphate more successively, potassium feldspar stirring reaction 3.5 hours, ph value are 5.3.

Component of the present invention is reasonable, easily produces, and result of use is good, through its product on probation following outstanding function is arranged:

1, nontoxic, environmental protection, the straw that the present invention uses re-uses behind biochemical disinfection, is pure day Right biological products.

2, in light weight, easily carrying reduces the roof loading capacity.

3, good water-retaining property, water saving, the retaining performance is strong, according in the Beijing area, carry out the plastic tent cucumber soilless culture test autumn, water soilless substrate in 46 days, totally 21.7 cubic metres, if carry out field planting, water soilless substrate 5-6 time at least in 46 days, need water with the 50-60 cubic meter, statistics, water-saving rate is 50-66.7%, and water-saving result is very obvious, is one of effective measures of the water-saving agricultural of development.

Soilless culture is water-saving not only, and economize fertile, general statistics thinks that soil cultivation nutrient loss ratio is about about 50%, and China rural area is because the technology moisture that applies fertilizers scientifically is low, and utilization rate of fertilizer is lower, 30-40% only, half many nutrient has all lost, and fertilizer dissolving and very complicated by the process of plant absorbing profit not only has a lot of losses in soil, and the loss difference of various nutritive elements, make to be difficult to keep balance in the soil solution between each element.And in the soilless culture, the needed various nutritive elements of crop, be that the people is mixed with nutrient solution to use, not only can not lose, and keep balance, according to the different bearing stage of crop species and same crop, scientifically supply nutrient, so the crop growth stalwartness, growth potential is strong, and yield potential can be given full play of.

4, balanced in nutrition, easily plant growing is not subjected to restrictions such as soil, physical features, manageability.

Plant growing is fast, and quality better is economized fertile, saving of labor, and soilless culture such as does not need intertill, plough, hoe up weeds at operation, and the watering solution simultaneously of topdressing is managed very convenient.Some developed countries, entered the microcomputerized control epoch, the regulation and control of feed flow and nutrient composition are computerizedd control fully, almost similar to industrial mode, soilless culture then only needs the valve of opening and closing liquid-supplying system, has alleviated work greatly and has avoided soil continuous cropping, soil water evaporation and crop transpiration, make the mineral element in the soil shift to the top layer by soil lower floor, year after year month after month,, upper soll layer has gathered a lot of salinities, and crop is had damaging effect throughout the year.

Soilless culture makes agricultural production break away from the restriction of natural environment, can produce according to people's will, so be a kind of mode of production of controlled agricultural, carry out farming by the quantification index largely, help realizing mechanization, automation, thereby the mode of production that progressively moves towards the industrialization is the sign of modernization agricultural, and economic and social benefit is huge.

Claims

1, a kind of soilless substrate of breeding crops, it is characterized in that, by by weight percentage: straw 31-63%, compound amino acid 9-29%, charcoal powder 4-12%, rock phosphate 10-34% and potassium feldspar 5-22%, total amount is 100% to make, during preparation, earlier be 40% formaldehyde with mass concentration, dilute 30 times after, straw squirted with film cover, disclosed through 25-30 hour, air-dry, straw pulverized and and charcoal powder pour in the agitator, again with the compound amino acid limit under 18-30 ℃, slowly add while stirring, make itself and straw, the abundant stirring reaction 3-5 of charcoal powder hour, mixing added rock phosphate more successively, potassium feldspar, stirring reaction 3-6 hour, the ph value is 5-6.5, and said compound amino acid is by weight percentage: aspartic acid 0.9%, threonine 0.4%, glutamic acid 2%, glycine 1.4%, alanine 1.5%, cystine 0.6%, methionine 0.2%, isoleucine 0.7%, leucine 1.3%, tyrosine 0.1%, proline 1.8%, arginine 1.1%, histidine 0.1%, lysine 0.3%, phenyl alanine 0.7%, valine 1.4% and water 85.5% mixing are formed.

2, the soilless substrate of a kind of breeding crops according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by said weight meter: 800 parts of straws, 350 parts of compound amino acids, 100 parts of charcoal powders, 300 parts in rock phosphate and potassium feldspar are made for 150 parts, during preparation, earlier be 40% formaldehyde with mass concentration, dilute 30 times after, straw squirted with film cover, disclose through 27 hours, air-dry, straw pulverized and and charcoal powder pour in the agitator, again with compound amino acid under 21 ℃ of temperature, slowly add while stirring, make itself and straw, charcoal powder fully stirs, and reacts 4.5 hours, add rock phosphate more successively, potassium feldspar stirring reaction 5.5 hours, ph value are 5.5.

3, the soilless substrate of a kind of breeding crops according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by said straw 800kg, compound amino acid 350kg, charcoal powder 100kg, rock phosphate 300kg and potassium feldspar 150kg make, during preparation, earlier be 40% formaldehyde with mass concentration, dilute 30 times after, straw squirted with film cover, disclose through 30 hours, air-dry, straw pulverized and and charcoal powder pour in the agitator, again with compound amino acid under 25 ℃ of temperature, slowly add while stirring, make itself and straw, charcoal powder fully stirs, and reacts 4 hours, add rock phosphate more successively, potassium feldspar stirring reaction 4.5 hours, ph value are 5.7.

4, the soilless substrate of a kind of breeding crops according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by said by weight percentage: straw 47.1%, compound amino acid 20.6%, charcoal powder 5.9%, rock phosphate 17.6% and potassium feldspar 8.8% made, during preparation, earlier be 40% formaldehyde with mass concentration, dilute 30 times after, straw squirted with film cover, disclose through 25 hours, air-dry, straw pulverized and and charcoal powder pour in the agitator, again with compound amino acid under 28 ℃ of temperature, slowly add while stirring, make itself and straw, charcoal powder fully stirs, and reacts 3.5 hours, add rock phosphate more successively, potassium feldspar stirring reaction 3.5 hours, ph value are 5.3.