CN107360889B - Vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet desertification grassland and use method thereof - Google Patents
Vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet desertification grassland and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107360889B CN107360889B CN201710609787.5A CN201710609787A CN107360889B CN 107360889 B CN107360889 B CN 107360889B CN 201710609787 A CN201710609787 A CN 201710609787A CN 107360889 B CN107360889 B CN 107360889B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000118681 Iresine herbstii Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001061906 Caragana Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000700189 Hystrix <Rodentia> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010624 Medicago sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000746422 Stipa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000152045 Themeda triandra Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001290610 Abildgaardia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000205574 Acorus calamus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011996 Calamus deerratus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000736026 Sarcandra Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000234646 Cyperaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000522652 Ormosia <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004274 Sarcandra glabra Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010842 Sarcandra glabra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000044474 Zuloagaea bulbosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecology, in particular to a vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet sandy grassland and a use method thereof. The composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 portions of cow dung 200-. The method is particularly suitable for recovering and planting the vegetation of the cold-wet desertification grassland by establishing the planting material. Yak dung is directly selected and used as local materials in plateau areas. The planting material is added with water to ensure that the materials can be bonded in the mixing process, so that the sandy grassland is effectively covered and the materials are conveniently dug and taken at the later stage. A vegetation planting material for treating cold-wet desertification grassland and an application method thereof comprise the following steps and tools. The desertification diffusion direction is investigated by the desertification grassland area, the main movement direction of the sand is determined, the area for carrying out the treatment work is fixed and semi-fixed, and the windward side and the leeward side of the sand dune are moved. The vegetation planting material is used on the sand according to the using area and is monitored.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecology, in particular to a vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet sandy grassland and a use method thereof.
Background
Land desertification is a major problem in the degradation of the land ecosystem worldwide. Grassland desertification is becoming an important content of ecological construction in China all the more in western regions of China. Large areas of land and vegetation are desertified every year, and the desertification seriously threatens the local ecological safety, the people's livelihood and the construction of frontier regions. Therefore, effective treatment and desertification prevention are important projects of current ecological construction. The cold-dampness desertification grassland is mostly seen in alpine regions, wherein the edges of water areas in the alpine regions are most obvious, and the desertification areas in the regions with high rainfall are also very obvious. The three-river source area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the North-Tibet area, the Ruilu area of the yellow river, the Qinghai lake area and the like are prominent, and although the rainfall capacity of the areas is high, the areas are also serious in desertification grassland.
The cold-damp type sand land belongs to the cold desert. The cold-dampness type sand land is relatively easy to treat, but due to the action of wind power, hydrology and the like, the cold-dampness type desertification gradually expands to a vegetation area, so most of the current cold-dampness type sand land treatment modes are in a blocking mode. In China, areas with more engineering for treating cold-wet sand lands comprise a Qinghai lake area, a Yangtze river source area and a Ruila area, and the sand lands in the areas are related to the periodic hydrology, soil and wind power of a river channel. Therefore, the formation and diffusion rules of the sand and the underlying surface characteristics of the desertification areas should be mastered to effectively treat the cold-damp sand.
The cold-damp sand has more remarkable influence on the surrounding healthy ecological system. It must be recognized that the expansion of cold and wet sand, compared to other types of desertification, is an area of very good grass vegetation coverage, or forest and shrub vegetation, and therefore poses a more serious threat to its adjacent healthy ecosystem. Because the cold-wet sand area is not a desert distribution area to a large extent, but a good grassland, a shrub or a forest land, the drought-type sand area is basically distributed in the desert itself distribution area or an area similar to the climate ecological type area from the viewpoint of climate ecology.
The treatment work of cold and wet sand lands has been carried out for many years, the treatment method is simpler, but the surface layer desertification spreading speed is high, and the lasting effect is not good. For example, near the Qinghai lake, the surface sand spreads through the ravine mountains, which is already widespread. The surface sand lands on the two sides of the yellow river in Maqu county, Ganan, and Ruigai county are also very quickly expanded to two sides through the river banks, so the work task of controlling the cold-damp sand lands is very difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vegetation restoration planting material for cold-wet sandy pastures, which is easy to implement, good in stability and strong in adaptability and a using method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a cold-dampness desertification grassland vegetation restoration planting material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 portions of cow dung 200-.
The cow dung is yak dung.
The composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 portions of cow dung 200-.
A use method of a vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet desertification grassland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. investigation of land mass
Selecting a 10-50mX10-50m land block, selecting 5-10 measuring points on the land block to measure the thickness of a sand layer, recording the actual measuring point sand layer thickness Hi and i as the actual measuring point number 1-10, selecting the thinnest sand layer thickness A of the land block and calculating the average sand layer thickness Hb, selecting two measuring points with the highest height and the lowest height to calculate the slope L of the land block, wherein Si is Vi/1 cm/day which is the actual measuring point sand diffusion speed ratio, Vi is the actual measuring point sand diffusion speed, and VQi actual measuring point planting material coverage thickness,
B. plant material mixture
Adding water into the plant materials and uniformly mixing;
C. curing of the plant material
Covering the planting material with a plastic film for curing, compacting the plastic film for exhausting after curing for 1 month, and compacting the plastic film by using hay or covering soil;
D. multiple planting of plants
The elymus, bluegrass, stipa, calamus, sedge, caragana, medicago sativa, jumble beads, melilota officinalis and sarcandra glauca are selected from 5 or more than 5 kinds to be planted on the planting material, and the seeding amount is 10 kg/hectare.
And D, incinerating the dried grass into ash to enter soil in the step C.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
a cold-dampness desertification grassland vegetation restoration planting material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 portions of cow dung 200-. The method is particularly suitable for recovering and planting the vegetation of the cold-wet desertification grassland by establishing the planting material. Yak dung is directly selected and used as local materials in plateau areas. The planting material is added with water to ensure that the materials can be bonded in the mixing process, so that the sandy grassland is effectively covered and the materials are conveniently dug and taken at the later stage. A vegetation planting material for treating cold-wet desertification grassland and an application method thereof comprise the following steps and tools. The desertification diffusion direction is investigated by the desertification grassland area, the main movement direction of the sand is determined, the area for carrying out the treatment work is fixed and semi-fixed, and the windward side and the leeward side of the sand dune are moved. The vegetation planting material is used on the sand according to the using area and is monitored. The investigation content comprises vegetation growth, coverage change, sand fixation degree and the like. The adopted tools mainly comprise cow and sheep manures, main deep-rooted grassland plants, shrubs and the like, sand and soil mixed materials, bentonite and the like, shovels, mixing machines, small agricultural vehicles, tractors, common vegetation investigation tools and the like.
Based on the analysis, the cold-dampness type sand land treatment needs to be completed in multiple materials, multiple technologies and multiple ways, and a technical system for effectively dealing with and treating the cold-dampness type sand land can be established. On the basis of experiments and practical work, the fact that the treatment of the cold-wet sand land can be realized to a certain extent through local material processing and transformation and azimuth angle change of the treatment of the cold-wet sand land is found, and particularly, the fixed vegetation material and the method can be constructed by treating semi-fixed and fixed sand land areas according to the rule of sand diffusion and migration. The invention develops an effective cold-wet sand land treatment material and an application method mainly from the viewpoint of processing and utilizing local materials and the application method. The method provides material and technical reserve for developing various desertification grassland treatment materials and technologies and provides scientific support for matching with desertification land treatment in China. Aiming at the treatment of cold-wet desertification grassland in alpine regions in China, a material suitable for surface covering and sandy vegetation fixing is developed by using local materials, and a using method is also developed. In order to ensure the operability of the process, the inventors provide detailed process steps. According to the technical scheme, the material can be guaranteed to achieve a good surface vegetation covering effect and a surface sand fixing effect when used, and the diffusion quantity and speed of the surface sand are gradually reduced.
Detailed Description
A cold-dampness desertification grassland vegetation restoration planting material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 portions of cow dung 200-. The cow dung is yak dung. 400 portions of water and 500 portions of water are added into the raw materials.
A use method of a vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet desertification grassland comprises the following steps:
A. investigation of land mass
Selecting a 10-50mX10-50m land block, selecting 5-10 measuring points on the land block to measure the thickness of a sand layer, recording the actual measuring point sand layer thickness Hi and i as the actual measuring point number 1-10, selecting the thinnest sand layer thickness A of the land block and calculating the average sand layer thickness Hb, selecting two measuring points with the highest height and the lowest height to calculate the slope L of the land block, wherein Si is Vi/1 cm/day which is the actual measuring point sand diffusion speed ratio, Vi is the actual measuring point sand diffusion speed, and VQi actual measuring point planting material coverage thickness,
B. plant material mixture
Adding water into the plant materials and uniformly mixing;
C. curing of the plant material
Covering the planting material with a plastic film for curing, compacting the plastic film for exhausting after curing for 1 month, and compacting the plastic film by using hay or covering soil;
D. multiple planting of plants
The elymus, bluegrass, stipa, calamus, sedge, caragana, medicago sativa, jumble beads, melilota officinalis and sarcandra glauca are selected from 5 or more than 5 kinds to be planted on the planting material, and the seeding amount is 10 kg/hectare.
And D, incinerating the dried grass into ash to enter soil in the step C. Can increase the trace element content of plants.
Example 1
A cold-dampness desertification grassland vegetation restoration planting material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of cow dung, 100 parts of sheep dung, 500 parts of meadow soil, 100 parts of peat soil and 100 parts of bentonite. The cow dung is yak dung. 400 parts of water is added into the raw materials.
A use method of a vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet desertification grassland comprises the following steps:
A. investigation of land mass
Selecting a 10-50mX10-50m land block, selecting 5 measuring points on the land block to measure the thickness of a sand layer, recording the thicknesses Hi and i of the actual measuring points as the actual measuring point numbers 1-5, selecting the thickness A of the thinnest sand layer of the land block, calculating the average sand layer thickness Hb, selecting two measuring points with the highest height and the lowest height to calculate the slope L of the land block, wherein Si is Vi/1 cm/day which is the diffusion velocity ratio of the sand at the actual measuring points, Vi is the diffusion velocity of the sand at the actual measuring points, and VQi the covering thickness of the planting material at the actual measuring points,
B. plant material mixture
Adding water into the plant materials and uniformly mixing;
C. curing of the plant material
Covering the planting material with a plastic film for curing, compacting the plastic film for exhausting after curing for 1 month, and compacting the plastic film by using hay or covering soil;
D. multiple planting of plants
The elymus, the bluegrass, the stipa, the calamus and the cyperaceae plants are re-planted in the planting material, and the seeding rate is 10 kilograms per hectare.
And D, incinerating the dried grass into ash to enter soil in the step C. Can increase the trace element content of plants.
Example 2
A cold-dampness desertification grassland vegetation restoration planting material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 parts of cow dung, 200 parts of sheep dung, 1000 parts of meadow soil, 200 parts of peat soil and 200 parts of bentonite. The cow dung is yak dung. 500 parts of water is added into the raw materials.
A use method of a vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet desertification grassland comprises the following steps:
A. investigation of land mass
Selecting a 10-50mX10-50m land block, selecting 10 measuring points on the land block to measure the thickness of a sand layer, recording the thicknesses Hi and i of the actual measuring points as the actual measuring point numbers 1-10, selecting the thickness A of the thinnest sand layer of the land block and calculating the average sand layer thickness Hb, selecting two measuring points with the highest height and the lowest height to calculate the slope L of the land block, wherein Si is Vi/1 cm/day which is the diffusion velocity ratio of the sand at the actual measuring points, Vi is the diffusion velocity of the sand at the actual measuring points, and VQi actual measuring point planting material covering thickness,
B. plant material mixture
Adding water into the plant materials and uniformly mixing;
C. curing of the plant material
Covering the planting material with a plastic film for curing, compacting the plastic film for exhausting after curing for 1 month, and compacting the plastic film by using hay or covering soil;
D. multiple planting of plants
Caragana, medicago sativa, ormosia, melilota officinalis and sandawa are planted on the planting material, and the seeding rate is 10 kg/hectare.
And D, incinerating the dried grass into ash to enter soil in the step C. Can increase the trace element content of plants.
Example 3
A cold-dampness desertification grassland vegetation restoration planting material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of cow dung, 150 parts of sheep dung, 800 parts of meadow soil, 150 parts of peat soil and 150 parts of bentonite. The cow dung is yak dung. 450 parts of water is added into the raw materials.
A use method of a vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet desertification grassland comprises the following steps:
A. investigation of land mass
Selecting a land block of 10-50mX10-50m, selecting the thickness of sand layers of 8 measuring points on the land block, recording the thicknesses Hi and i of the sand layers of the actual measuring points as the number of the actual measuring points from 1 to 8, selecting the thickness A of the thinnest sand layer of the land block, calculating the average sand layer thickness Hb, selecting two measuring points with the highest height and the lowest height, calculating the slope L of the land block, wherein Si is Vi/1 cm/day which is the diffusion velocity ratio of the sand of the actual measuring points, Vi is the diffusion velocity of the sand of the actual measuring points, and VQi the covering thickness of the planting material of the actual measuring points,
B. plant material mixture
Adding water into the plant materials and uniformly mixing;
C. curing of the plant material
Covering the planting material with a plastic film for curing, compacting the plastic film for exhausting after curing for 1 month, and compacting the plastic film by using hay or covering soil;
D. multiple planting of plants
Elymus, bluegrass, stipa, turnip grass, sedge plants, caragana, medicago sativa, jumble beads, meliloti officinalis and sarcandra glabra are planted on the planting material, and the planting amount is 10 kg/hectare.
And D, incinerating the dried grass into ash to enter soil in the step C. Can increase the trace element content of plants.
Compared with other materials, the material and the method of the invention have the following characteristics: (1) stability, namely the stability of meadow soil with roots, peat soil and bentonite as a matrix, and except the bentonite, other materials are cold and wet desertification grassland local materials. (2) The use of high-density seeds ensures succession effectiveness and sustainability, and the application of deep-rooted plant materials ensures that the plants planted in cold-wet sand easily penetrate through sand to enter a grassland soil layer below the sand in the growth and development process, so as to obtain stable plant planting and community planting. (3) The sand-fixing material on the windward slope is used, so that the sand is covered on the diffusion source head in the small environment, and the secondary diffusion probability of the sand is reduced. (4) The cured cow dung and the sheep dung ensure the continuous supply of the sheep dung in the growth process of the sand planting material and low-cost nutrient materials.
Claims (4)
1. A use method of a vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet desertification grassland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. investigation of land mass
Selecting a 10-50mX10-50m land block, selecting 5-10 measuring points on the land block to measure the thickness of a sand layer, recording the actual measuring point sand layer thickness Hi and i as the actual measuring point number 1-10, selecting the thinnest sand layer thickness A of the land block and calculating the average sand layer thickness Hb, selecting two measuring points with the highest height and the lowest height to calculate the slope L of the land block, wherein Si is Vi/1 cm/day which is the actual measuring point sand diffusion speed ratio, Vi is the actual measuring point sand diffusion speed, and VQi actual measuring point planting material coverage thickness,
B. plant material mixture
Adding water into the plant materials and uniformly mixing; the planting material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 portions of cow dung, 200 portions of sheep dung, 1000 portions of meadow soil, 200 portions of peat soil and 200 portions of bentonite;
C. curing of the plant material
Covering the planting material with a plastic film for curing, compacting the plastic film for exhausting after curing for 1 month, and compacting the plastic film by using hay or covering soil;
D. multiple planting of plants
The elymus, bluegrass, stipa, calamus, sedge, caragana, medicago sativa, jumble beads, melilota officinalis and sarcandra glauca are selected from 5 or more than 5 kinds to be planted on the planting material, and the seeding amount is 10 kg/hectare.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cow dung is yak dung.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step B, the mixed planting material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 portions of cow dung 200-.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dry grass is incinerated to form ash and the ash is introduced into the soil in step C.
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| CN201710609787.5A CN107360889B (en) | 2017-07-25 | 2017-07-25 | Vegetation establishment material for recovering cold-wet desertification grassland and use method thereof |
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| CN107360889B true CN107360889B (en) | 2020-07-03 |
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| CN108093725A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心 | Utilize the method for yak dung improvement High-cold regions debris field soil |
| CN111631069A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-08 | 石河子大学 | Sand dune top gathering afforestation method |
| CN113170705B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-08-05 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Hydrothermal balance degraded alpine meadow repair material |
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| CN103214315A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-07-24 | 北京林业大学 | Greening matrix containing quarry mucks, animal manures, straws and charcoal powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN103733851A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 甘肃省林业科学研究院 | Method for preventing and fixing sands by using sheep manure |
| CN104904362A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-16 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for repairing desertification grassland in high and cold humid regions |
| CN105557255A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 四川农业大学 | Treatment method for rodent and deserted grassland of extremely-cold areas |
| CN105756032A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-07-13 | 阿坝藏族羌族自治州林业科学技术研究所 | Sand land desertification control method |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103214315A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-07-24 | 北京林业大学 | Greening matrix containing quarry mucks, animal manures, straws and charcoal powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN103733851A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 甘肃省林业科学研究院 | Method for preventing and fixing sands by using sheep manure |
| CN104904362A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-16 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for repairing desertification grassland in high and cold humid regions |
| CN105557255A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 四川农业大学 | Treatment method for rodent and deserted grassland of extremely-cold areas |
| CN105756032A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-07-13 | 阿坝藏族羌族自治州林业科学技术研究所 | Sand land desertification control method |
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