CN113170705B - Hydrothermal balance degraded alpine meadow repair material - Google Patents
Hydrothermal balance degraded alpine meadow repair material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113170705B CN113170705B CN202110446730.4A CN202110446730A CN113170705B CN 113170705 B CN113170705 B CN 113170705B CN 202110446730 A CN202110446730 A CN 202110446730A CN 113170705 B CN113170705 B CN 113170705B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G20/10—Pre-cultivated sod or turf; Apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention provides a hydrothermally balanced degraded alpine meadow repairing material, which comprises a water retention layer, a nutrition layer and a seed layer from bottom to top; the water retention layer is: mixing and stirring the soil a and the bentonite to form slurry, pouring the slurry into a mould, and pressing and airing the slurry to form the soil a; the thickness of the water retention layer is 3 cm-8 cm; the nutrition layer is as follows: cutting Elymus nutans and herba Avenae Fatuae into long sections, adding fermented yak manure and chemical fertilizer, mixing with soil b, stirring to obtain slurry, irrigating on the upper part of the layer, and naturally drying; the thickness of the nutrition layer is 8 cm-15 cm; the seed layer is: stirring and mixing the seeds and the soil c, and irrigating the mixture on the upper part of the nutrition layer to form the fertilizer; the thickness of the seed layer is 2 cm-3 cm. The repairing material can effectively solve the problem of hydrothermal loss of the alpine meadow damaged patches, can effectively maintain the hydrothermal balance of the meadow layer, and is very hopeful to be applied to the repairing of the alpine meadow damaged patches in a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of degraded alpine meadow repair materials, and particularly relates to a degraded alpine meadow repair material with a water-heat balance function.
Background
The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is used as the third pole of the world, and the high altitude thereof creates a unique high-cold ecosystem. The high-cold grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau occupies about one third of the area of the grassland in China, is not only the foundation of the life of local animal husbandry and herdsman, but also has various ecological functions such as: wind prevention and sand fixation, water source conservation, soil and water loss prevention, climate regulation, biological diversity maintenance, carbon fixation and the like, and is an important ecological safety barrier in China and even south-east Asia. The climate conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau are severe, the ecological environment is extremely fragile, and once damaged, the Tibet plateau is difficult to repair. In recent years, under the dual pressure of climate change and man-made interference, severe degradation occurs in alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and remote sensing monitoring and evaluation on degradation of plateau grassland of the Tibet Beiqiang pond show that: the undegraded grassland accounts for 49.2 percent of the total grassland area, the light degraded grassland accounts for 27.9 percent, the moderate degraded grassland accounts for 13.2 percent, and the heavy degraded grassland and the extremely heavy degraded grassland account for 8.0 percent and 1.7 percent respectively.
The alpine meadow is a main vegetation type in the alpine meadow, dense plant roots and litters form soil and humus of a meadow turf layer of the alpine meadow, and once the meadow turf layer is removed or damaged, an underlying surface becomes a naked soil layer to form naked spots. Gramineae and cyperaceae plants are difficult to grow on the patches, while toxic weeds can grow rapidly, causing further deterioration of the grassland quality. The complete turf layer plays an important role in maintaining the hydrothermal balance of the alpine meadow, once bare spots are formed, soil heat is easy to dissipate, the temperature is quickly raised during insolation, the evaporation capacity of soil moisture is increased, the water holding capacity is reduced, and the hydrothermal tunnel effect further causes small bare spots to be developed into large bare spots, so that the overall degradation of the alpine meadow is caused. Therefore, the integrity of the alpine meadow felting layer is maintained, and the bare spot repairing has important significance for preventing the alpine meadow from degeneration and maintaining the stability of the alpine meadow ecosystem.
At present, the damaged alpine meadow is recovered mainly by adopting management measures for enclosing and banning grazing, but the damaged alpine meadow is difficult to recover by self under the condition of no external substance energy input because the material cycle conversion rate of the alpine environment is slow. The existing meadow restoration means of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau are mainly carried out by reseeding seeds and fertilizing, fewer artificial meadow layers are constructed, and the restoration method of the artificial meadow layers based on hydrothermal balance is not reported. The vegetation blanket made of the plant fiber has the problems of high cost, difficult transportation and easy disassembly, and is difficult to adapt to popularization and application in the Tibet plateau.
The invention is based on the meadow layer hydrothermal balance theory, and realizes the functions of natural alpine meadow felt layer hydrothermal balance, heat preservation and cold protection, water retention, nutrition supply, seed nidation and root system stabilization by artificially constructing a four-layer structure. The water retention layer prevents water from seeping through the prepressed bentonite and the fine meadow soil and retains deep water; the nutrition layer improves the soil fertility and properties through yak manure and inorganic fertilizer, and simulates the root system of a natural turf layer through cut oat and elymus pratense sections, so that the aims of loosening soil, keeping warm and stabilizing the mechanical structure of the soil are fulfilled; the seed layer realizes the purposes of rapid planting and stable stress resistance through the optimized seed combination; the crust layer reduces the porosity of surface soil by spraying artificial algae crust liquid, reduces water evaporation, and realizes the purpose of improving the water retention of the turf layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an ecological restoration method for the alpine meadow water erosion slope surface, which is based on the meadow layer hydrothermal balance theory and adopts the artificial construction of a four-layer structure, so that the functions of natural alpine meadow felted layer hydrothermal balance, heat preservation and cold protection, water retention, nutrition supply, seed implantation and root system stabilization are realized. The water retention layer prevents water from seeping downwards through the pre-pressed bentonite and the fine meadow soil and retains deep water; the nutrition layer improves the soil fertility and properties through yak manure and inorganic fertilizer, and simulates the root system of a natural turf layer through cut oat and elymus pratense sections, so that the aims of loosening soil, keeping warm and stabilizing the mechanical structure of the soil are fulfilled; the seed layer realizes the purposes of rapid planting and stable stress resistance through the optimized seed combination; the crust layer reduces the porosity of surface soil by spraying artificial algae crust liquid, reduces water evaporation, and realizes the purpose of improving the water retention of the turf layer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: comprises an artificial meadow bed formed by stacking a water-retaining layer, a nutrition layer and a seed layer from bottom to top in sequence;
the water retention layer is: mixing and stirring bentonite and viscous soil a to form slurry, pouring the slurry into a mould, and pressing and airing the slurry to form the bentonite-based water-based organic fertilizer; the thickness of the water retention layer is 3 cm-8 cm;
the nutrition layer is as follows: adding the dry animal manure and the chemical fertilizer into the grass segments, mixing and stirring the grass segments with the soil b to form slurry, pouring the slurry on the upper part of the water-retaining layer, and naturally airing the slurry; the thickness of the nutrition layer is 8 cm-15 cm;
the seed layer is as follows: stirring and mixing plant seeds suitable for growing in the alpine meadow area with soil c, and irrigating the mixture on the upper part of the nutrition layer to form the mixture; the thickness of the seed layer is 2 cm-3 cm.
Preferably, a skinning layer is further disposed above the seed layer, and the skinning layer is: pouring a biomass skinning culture solution on the upper part of the seed layer to form; the thickness of the crust layer is 0.1 cm-0.3 cm.
Preferably, the soil a is fine clay, and the mass ratio of the soil a to the bentonite is (5-10): 1.
Preferably, the mould is a rectangular iron frame with the thickness of 1m multiplied by 30cm, the load of the pressing slurry is 100kg, and the time is not less than 6 h.
Preferably, the grass sections are formed by cutting 10-20 cm sections of elymus nutans and oats, the fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the mass of the nutrition layer per square meter is 5-25 kg, the dosage of the Chinese herbal sections per square meter of the nutrition layer is 1-6 kg, and the dosage of the fertilizer is 10-25 g; the mass ratio of the dry animal manure to the soil b is 1 (5-8); the dry animal manure can be selected from local animal manure in high-cold meadow repair areas such as Tibetan goat manure, Tibetan sheep manure, yak manure and the like, or mixed with manure of various animals.
Preferably, the sowing amount of the seeds in the soil c per square meter is 20g to 40 g; the seeds comprise the following selected seeds and optional seeds, the selected seeds are Elymus nutans seeds, Poa pratensis seeds and filigree indica seeds, and the optional seeds are selected from three kinds of seeds selected from Bredia elata seeds, Tibet beard miscanthus seeds, Isofiliculus indica seeds, Tibet carex seeds, oat seeds, Qia grass seeds, old mango seeds, alfalfa seeds and rape seeds for feeding, wherein the mass fraction of the selected seeds is 35-50%.
Preferably, the preparation method of the biomass skinning culture solution comprises the following steps: propagating the crust of Tibet indigenous algae near the site to be repaired by adopting BG11 culture medium, and mixing with the culture medium with the mass concentration of 0.5-3L/m 2 The culture medium is prepared by mixing the chitosan solution, wherein the addition amount of the chitosan solution is 1-5% of the weight of the BG11 culture medium.
Preferably, the soil a, the soil b and the soil c are all the soil of an alpine meadow, and the particle size of the soil a is not more than 0.15 mm.
In addition, the invention also provides the hydrothermal balance degraded alpine meadow repairing material for repairing the degraded alpine meadow, the damaged patch plot to be repaired is subjected to leveling treatment, the artificial meadow bed is placed on the artificial meadow plot.
Preferably, the method for finishing the bare spot land comprises the following steps: digging out soil of the alpine meadow defect patch land block before restoration, using a 50-mesh sieve to remove coarse sand and gravel, sieving the rest soil with a 100-mesh sieve, using the physically viscous soil passing through the 100-mesh sieve to prepare a water retention layer, and using the non-passing powder soil to prepare a nutrition layer and a seed layer;
preferably, the excavated soil is at the same height as the artificial meadow bed is laid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, the bentonite and the viscous soil a are mixed and pressed to prepare the water-retaining layer, so that the problems that the Tibet soil is slow in development, the soil layer is thin, the sand and stone are more, the soil agglomerated particles are rough and barren, and the rainfall is easy to seep and run off through the coarse sand particles are effectively solved. Through setting up the water-retaining layer, not only effectively improved the water supply of alpine meadow plant root, effectively reduced the eluviation damage of mineral elements such as nitrogen phosphorus in the nutritive layer moreover, improved root nutrient utilization efficiency.
2. The nutrient layer of the invention supplies long-acting nutrients to soil by using animal manure, increases the organic matter content of soil, and provides quick-acting nutrients by using fertilizers. Underground roots are simulated through the grassland, so that a pore channel is provided for soil, tensile mechanical properties are provided for the soil-meadow complex, and the structural strength is improved.
3. The seed of the seed layer of the invention adopts the combination of the necessary seed with strong adaptability and the optional seeds of other countryside seeds or economic seeds, thereby improving the resilience and biodiversity and improving the feeding value after restoration.
4. The surface layer of the artificial meadow bed is the crust layer, so that the problem of large evaporation capacity in high-altitude areas due to low air pressure is effectively solved, the evaporation of water is effectively reduced, the effective water content of soil is improved, the germination and growth requirements of seeds can be met, and the germination rate of the seeds and the water requirement for vegetation growth are ensured.
5. The materials such as bentonite, cut grass segments, animal manure and the like used in the invention can be low-cost and easily-obtained materials in Tibet places. The soil is used for the water retention layer, the nutrition layer and the seed layer again by digging out the meadow plot soil to be repaired and screening out glutinous grains and powder grains, so that the efficient resource utilization of the in-situ soil is realized. The operation method is simple and easy to implement, the main process is realized by stirring and layered irrigation, and a rainproof shed is erected near the restored land, so that the method has higher popularization and practical value.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional structure view of an artificial meadow bed according to embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-water retention layer; 2-a nutrition layer; 3-seed layer; 4-a crust layer.
Detailed Description
Example 1-example 3 experimental plots were located in a deteriorated grassland remediation field at the songorian grassland station in the nintra, nychongcun region of the Tibetan autonomous region, at geographic coordinates 92.051611E, 31.341043N, and an elevation 4471 meters. Degradation of large alpine meadows is caused by excessive grazing, rat damage and human interference in the area.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the degraded alpine meadow is repaired by the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) setting a weather enclosure near an alpine meadow plot to be repaired to manufacture an artificial meadow bed when the temperature reaches above zero ℃ in late spring and early summer in 4-5 months, digging out soil before repairing the alpine meadow defective plaque plot, throwing coarse sand grains and gravels out of the dug-out soil of the alpine meadow by using a 50-mesh sieve, sieving the residual soil by using a 100-mesh sieve, using the soil with physical viscosity passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a water-retaining layer of the artificial meadow bed, using the powder soil not passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a nutrient layer and a seed layer of the artificial meadow bed, and using the sieved soil to manufacture the artificial meadow bed specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring bentonite and alpine meadow soil which is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and has physical viscosity according to the mass ratio of 1:7.5 to form slurry, pouring the slurry into a rectangular iron frame with the thickness of 1m multiplied by 30cm, and pressing and airing to form a water retention layer; the thickness of the water retention layer is 6 cm; the load of the pressed slurry is 100kg, and the time is 7 h;
s2, adding fermented dry yak manure and chemical fertilizer into grass segments which are cut into 15cm by the elymus nutans and the oats, mixing and stirring the grass segments with soil b to form slurry, pouring the slurry on the upper part of the water retention layer, and naturally airing the slurry to form a nutrition layer; the thickness of the nutrition layer is 12 cm; the fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the mass of the nutrition layer per square meter is 15kg, the dosage of Chinese herbal medicine sections per square meter of the nutrition layer is 3.5g, and the dosage of the fertilizer is 15 g; the mass ratio of the dry animal manure to the soil b is 1: 6.5; the dry animal manure is yak dung which can pick up wild yak dung in the area; the soil b is powder soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve;
s3, stirring and mixing plant seeds suitable for growing in the alpine meadow area with soil c, and irrigating the mixture on the upper part of the nutrition layer to form a seed layer; the thickness of the seed layer is 2.5 cm; the sowing amount of the seeds in the soil c per square meter is 20-40 g; the seeds consist of selected seeds and optional seeds, the selected seeds are Elymus nutans seeds, Poa pratensis seeds and Imperata graminis seeds, the optional seeds are Imperata brachycarpa seeds, Tibet beard seeds and Isoesparto grass seeds, and the selected seeds account for 42% of the seeds by mass; the soil c is silt soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve;
s4, pouring the biomass skinning culture solution on the upper part of the seed layer to form a skinning layer; the thickness of the skinning layer is 0.2 cm; the preparation method of the biomass skinning culture solution comprises the following steps: propagating the crust of Tibet indigenous algae near the site to be repaired by BG11 culture medium, and mixing with the culture medium with mass concentration of 2L/m 2 The chitosan solution is prepared by mixing, and the addition amount of the chitosan solution is 3 percent of the weight of BG11 culture medium;
s5, removing the iron frame, and stacking the water-retaining layer, the nutrition layer, the seed layer and the crust layer from bottom to top in sequence to form the artificial meadow bed.
And then, calculating 20 required artificial meadow beds according to the area of the defect patch land mass by 20 square meters, preparing an equal number of artificial meadow beds according to the method, wherein the height of the artificial meadow beds is the same as the height of the excavated soil, flatly paving the artificial meadow beds on the excavated soil land mass, watering, covering a sunshade net, and taking down the sunshade net after the seeds germinate.
After the method is repaired, experiments for 1 year prove that the repaired alpine meadow bare spot area is not further expanded, the shape of an artificial meadow bed on the surface layer is stable, the soil quality is greatly improved, plants such as elymus nutans, poa pratensis, stigmata purpurea, Tibet beard miscanthus, aegilops bicolor and the like start to grow gradually, the vegetation coverage is greatly improved, 1 year ecological repair is performed, the degradation problem of the alpine meadow is effectively restrained, the meadow is gradually restored, and the root systems of the plants gradually form a natural meadow layer after the meadow in the repaired area is restored, so that the artificial meadow bed is replaced, and the natural alpine meadow is completely fused.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the degraded alpine meadow is repaired by the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) setting a weather enclosure near an alpine meadow plot to be repaired to manufacture an artificial meadow bed when the temperature reaches above zero ℃ in late spring and early summer in 4-5 months, digging out soil before repairing the alpine meadow defective plaque plot, throwing coarse sand grains and gravels out of the dug-out soil of the alpine meadow by using a 50-mesh sieve, sieving the residual soil by using a 100-mesh sieve, using the soil with physical viscosity passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a water-retaining layer of the artificial meadow bed, using the powder soil not passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a nutrient layer and a seed layer of the artificial meadow bed, and using the sieved soil to manufacture the artificial meadow bed specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring bentonite and sticky soil a with the particle size not larger than 0.15mm according to the mass ratio of 1:5 to form slurry, pouring the slurry into a rectangular iron frame with the particle size of 1m multiplied by 30cm, and pressing and airing to form a water retention layer; the thickness of the water retention layer is 8 cm; the load of the pressed slurry is 100kg, and the time is 6 h;
s2, adding fermented dry yak manure and chemical fertilizer into grass segments which are cut into 10cm by the elymus nutans and the oats, mixing and stirring the grass segments with soil b to form slurry, pouring the slurry on the upper part of the water retention layer, and naturally airing the slurry to form a nutrition layer; the thickness of the nutrition layer is 8 cm; the fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the mass of the nutrition layer per square meter is 5kg, the dosage of Chinese herbal sections per square meter of the nutrition layer is 1kg, and the dosage of the fertilizer is 10 g; the mass ratio of the dry animal manure to the soil b is 1: 5; the soil b is powder soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve;
s3, stirring and mixing plant seeds suitable for growing in the alpine meadow area with soil c, and irrigating the mixture on the upper part of the nutrition layer to form a seed layer; the thickness of the seed layer is 2 cm; the sowing amount of the seeds in the soil c per square meter is 20 g; the seeds consist of the selected seeds and optional seeds, the selected seeds are elymus nutans seeds, bluegrass seeds and stipa capillata seeds, the optional seeds are Tibet carex seeds, oat seeds and Qiaqia grass seeds, and the selected seeds account for 35 percent of the seeds by mass; the soil c is silt soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve;
s4, the method comprises the following steps: pouring a biomass skinning culture solution on the upper part of the seed layer to form a skinning layer; the thickness of the skinning layer is 0.1 cm; the preparation method of the biomass skinning culture solution comprises the following steps: propagating the crust of Tibet indigenous algae near the site to be repaired by BG11 culture medium, and mixing with the culture medium with the mass concentration of 3L/m 2 The chitosan solution is prepared by mixing, and the addition amount of the chitosan solution is 1 percent of the weight of BG11 culture medium;
s5, removing the iron frame, and stacking the water-retaining layer, the nutrition layer, the seed layer and the crust layer from bottom to top in sequence to form the artificial meadow bed.
And then, calculating 20 artificial meadow beds required according to the area of the defect patch plots by 20 square meters, preparing the artificial meadow beds with equal number of blocks according to the method, paving the artificial meadow beds on the excavated soil plots flatly, watering, covering with a sunshade net, and taking down the sunshade net after seeds germinate.
After the method is repaired, experiments for 1 year prove that the repaired alpine meadow bare spot area is not further expanded, the shape of the artificial meadow bed on the surface layer is stable, the soil quality is greatly improved, the elymus nutans, the poa pratensis, the stigmata purpurea, the celandine grass, the oat and the consistent grass start to grow gradually, the vegetation coverage is greatly improved, the ecological repair for 1 year proves that the degradation problem of the alpine meadow is effectively restrained, the meadow is gradually restored, and the root systems of the plants gradually form a natural meadow layer after the meadow in the repairing area is restored along with the accumulation of time, so that the artificial meadow bed is replaced, and the natural alpine meadow is completely fused.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the degraded alpine meadow is repaired, and the repairing process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) setting a weather enclosure near an alpine meadow plot to be repaired to manufacture an artificial meadow bed when the temperature reaches above zero ℃ in late spring and early summer in 4-5 months, digging out soil before repairing the alpine meadow defective plaque plot, throwing coarse sand grains and gravels out of the dug-out soil of the alpine meadow by using a 50-mesh sieve, sieving the residual soil by using a 100-mesh sieve, using the soil with physical viscosity passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a water-retaining layer of the artificial meadow bed, using the powder soil not passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a nutrient layer and a seed layer of the artificial meadow bed, and using the sieved soil to manufacture the artificial meadow bed specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring bentonite and sticky soil a with the particle size not larger than 0.15mm according to the mass ratio of 1:10 to form slurry, pouring the slurry into a rectangular iron frame with the particle size of 1m multiplied by 30cm, and pressing and airing to form a water retention layer; the thickness of the water retention layer is 3 cm; the load of the pressed slurry is 100kg, and the time is 7 h;
s2, adding fermented dry yak manure and chemical fertilizer into grass segments which are cut into 20cm by the elymus nutans and the oats, mixing and stirring the grass segments with soil b to form slurry, pouring the slurry on the upper part of the water retention layer, and naturally airing the slurry to form a nutrition layer; the thickness of the nutrition layer is 15 cm; the fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the mass of the nutrition layer per square meter is 25kg, the dosage of Chinese herbal medicine sections per square meter of the nutrition layer is 6kg, and the dosage of the fertilizer is 25 g; the mass ratio of the dry animal manure to the soil b is 1: 8; the soil b is powder soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve;
s3, stirring and mixing plant seeds suitable for growing in the alpine meadow area with soil c, and irrigating the mixture on the upper part of the nutrition layer to form a seed layer; the thickness of the seed layer is 3 cm; the sowing amount of the seeds in the soil c per square meter is 40 g; the seeds comprise selected seeds and optional seeds, the selected seeds are Elymus nutans seeds, Poa pratensis seeds and Cymbopogon citratus seeds, and the optional seeds are Elymus formosanus seeds, alfalfa seeds and rape seeds for feeding, wherein the selected seeds account for 50% of the seeds by mass; the soil c is silt soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve;
s4, pouring the biomass skinning culture solution on the upper part of the seed layer to form a skinning layer; the thickness of the skinning layer is 0.1 cm; the preparation method of the biomass skinning culture solution comprises the following steps: propagating the crust of Tibet indigenous algae near the site to be repaired by BG11 culture medium, and mixing with the culture medium with mass concentration of 0.5L/m 2 The chitosan solution is prepared by mixing, and the addition amount of the chitosan solution is 5 percent of the weight of BG11 culture medium;
s5, removing the iron frame, and stacking the water-retaining layer, the nutrition layer, the seed layer and the crust layer from bottom to top in sequence to form the artificial meadow bed.
And then, calculating 20 artificial meadow beds required according to the area of the defect patch plots by 20 square meters, preparing the artificial meadow beds with equal number of blocks according to the method, paving the artificial meadow beds on the excavated soil plots flatly, watering, covering with a sunshade net, and taking down the sunshade net after seeds germinate.
After the method is repaired, experiments for 1 year prove that the repaired alpine meadow bare spot area is not further expanded, the shape of an artificial meadow bed on the surface layer is stable, the soil quality is greatly improved, the elymus nutans, the poa pratensis, the dactylicaria, the old miscanthus, the alfalfa and the forage rapes start to grow gradually, the vegetation coverage is greatly improved, the ecological repair for 1 year proves that the degradation problem of the alpine meadow is effectively restrained, the meadow is gradually restored, and the natural meadow layer is gradually formed by plant root systems after the meadow in the repair area is restored, so that the artificial meadow bed is replaced, and the complete fusion with the natural alpine meadow is realized.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the degraded alpine meadow is repaired by the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) setting a weather enclosure near an alpine meadow plot to be repaired to manufacture an artificial meadow bed when the temperature reaches above zero ℃ in late spring and early summer in 4-5 months, digging out soil before repairing the alpine meadow defective plaque plot, throwing coarse sand grains and gravels out of the dug-out soil of the alpine meadow by using a 50-mesh sieve, sieving the residual soil by using a 100-mesh sieve, using the soil with physical viscosity passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a water-retaining layer of the artificial meadow bed, using the powder soil not passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a nutrient layer and a seed layer of the artificial meadow bed, and using the sieved soil to manufacture the artificial meadow bed specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring bentonite and sticky soil a with the particle size not larger than 0.15mm according to the mass ratio of 1:8 to form slurry, pouring the slurry into a rectangular iron frame with the particle size of 1m multiplied by 30cm, and pressing and airing to form a water retention layer; the thickness of the water retention layer is 4 cm; the load of the pressed slurry is 100kg, and the time is 6 h;
s2, adding fermented dry yak manure and chemical fertilizer into grass segments which are cut into 15cm by the elymus nutans and the oats, mixing and stirring the grass segments with soil b to form slurry, pouring the slurry on the upper part of the water retention layer, and naturally airing the slurry to form a nutrition layer; the thickness of the nutrition layer is 10 cm; the fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the mass of the nutrition layer per square meter is 12kg, the dosage of Chinese herbal medicine sections per square meter of the nutrition layer is 6kg, and the dosage of the fertilizer is 15 g; the mass ratio of the dry animal manure to the soil b is 1: 6; the soil b is powder soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve; the dry animal manure is a mixture of Tibetan goat manure, Tibetan sheep manure and yak manure in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1;
s3, stirring and mixing plant seeds suitable for growing in the alpine meadow area with soil c, and irrigating the mixture on the upper part of the nutrition layer to form a seed layer; the thickness of the seed layer is 2.5 cm; the sowing amount of the seeds in the soil c per square meter is 30 g; the seeds comprise selected seeds and optional seeds, the selected seeds are Elymus nutans seeds, Poa pratensis seeds and Cymbopogon citratus seeds, and the optional seeds are Elymus formosanus seeds, alfalfa seeds and rape seeds for feeding, wherein the selected seeds account for 40% of the seeds by mass; the soil c is silt soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve;
s4, removing the iron frame, and stacking the water retention layer, the nutrition layer and the seed layer from bottom to top in sequence to form the artificial meadow bed.
And then, calculating 20 artificial meadow beds required according to the area of the defect patch plots by 20 square meters, preparing the artificial meadow beds with equal number of blocks according to the method, paving the artificial meadow beds on the excavated soil plots flatly, watering, covering with a sunshade net, and taking down the sunshade net after seeds germinate.
After the method is repaired, experiments for 1 year prove that the repaired alpine meadow bare spot area is not further expanded, the shape of an artificial meadow bed on the surface layer is stable, the soil quality is greatly improved, plants such as elymus nutans, poa pratensis, stigmata purpurea, Tibet beard miscanthus, aegilops bicolor and the like start to grow gradually, the vegetation coverage is greatly improved, 1 year ecological repair is performed, the degradation problem of the alpine meadow is effectively restrained, the meadow is gradually restored, and the root systems of the plants gradually form a natural meadow layer after the meadow in the repaired area is restored, so that the artificial meadow bed is replaced, and the natural alpine meadow is completely fused.
Example 5
In the embodiment, the degraded alpine meadow is repaired by the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) setting a weather enclosure near an alpine meadow plot to be repaired to manufacture an artificial meadow bed when the temperature reaches above zero ℃ in late spring and early summer in 4-5 months, digging out soil before repairing the alpine meadow defective plaque plot, throwing coarse sand grains and gravels out of the dug-out soil of the alpine meadow by using a 50-mesh sieve, sieving the residual soil by using a 100-mesh sieve, using the soil with physical viscosity passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a water-retaining layer of the artificial meadow bed, using the powder soil not passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a nutrient layer and a seed layer of the artificial meadow bed, and using the sieved soil to manufacture the artificial meadow bed specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring bentonite and sticky soil a with the particle size not larger than 0.15mm according to the mass ratio of 1:9 to form slurry, pouring the slurry into a rectangular iron frame with the particle size of 1m multiplied by 30cm, and pressing and airing to form a water retention layer; the thickness of the water retention layer is 7 cm; the load of the pressed slurry is 100kg, and the time is 7 h;
s2, adding fermented dry yak manure and chemical fertilizer into grass segments which are cut into 12cm by the elymus nutans and the oats, mixing and stirring the grass segments with soil b to form slurry, pouring the slurry on the upper part of the water retention layer, and naturally airing the slurry to form a nutrition layer; the thickness of the nutrition layer is 9 cm; the fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the mass of the nutrition layer per square meter is 20kg, the dosage of Chinese herbal sections per square meter of the nutrition layer is 5kg, and the dosage of the fertilizer is 25 g; the mass ratio of the dry animal manure to the soil b is 1: 7; the soil b is powder soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve; the dry animal manure is a mixture of Tibetan goat manure, Tibetan sheep manure and yak manure in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1;
s3, stirring and mixing plant seeds suitable for growing in the alpine meadow area with soil c, and irrigating the mixture on the upper part of the nutrition layer to form a seed layer; the thickness of the seed layer is 3 cm; the sowing amount of the seeds in the soil c per square meter is 40 g; the seeds consist of selected seeds and optional seeds, wherein the selected seeds are elymus nutans seeds, bluegrass seeds and stipa sativa seeds, and the optional seeds are aweto seeds, alfalfa seeds and feed rape seeds, wherein the selected seeds account for 45 percent of the mass of the seeds; the soil c is silt soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve;
s4, removing the iron frame, and stacking the water retention layer, the nutrition layer and the seed layer from bottom to top in sequence to form the artificial meadow bed.
And then, calculating 20 artificial meadow beds required according to the area of the defect patch plots by 20 square meters, preparing the artificial meadow beds with equal number of blocks according to the method, paving the artificial meadow beds on the excavated soil plots flatly, watering, covering with a sunshade net, and taking down the sunshade net after seeds germinate.
After the method is repaired, experiments for 1 year prove that the repaired alpine meadow bare spot area is not further expanded, the shape of an artificial meadow bed on the surface layer is stable, the soil quality is greatly improved, the elymus nutans, the poa pratensis, the dactylicaria, the old miscanthus, the alfalfa and the forage rapes start to grow gradually, the vegetation coverage is greatly improved, the ecological repair for 1 year proves that the degradation problem of the alpine meadow is effectively restrained, the meadow is gradually restored, and the natural meadow layer is gradually formed by plant root systems after the meadow in the repair area is restored, so that the artificial meadow bed is replaced, and the complete fusion with the natural alpine meadow is realized.
Example 6
In the embodiment, the degraded alpine meadow is repaired by the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) setting a weather enclosure near an alpine meadow plot to be repaired to manufacture an artificial meadow bed when the temperature reaches above zero ℃ in late spring and early summer in 4-5 months, digging out soil before repairing the alpine meadow defective plaque plot, throwing coarse sand grains and gravels out of the dug-out soil of the alpine meadow by using a 50-mesh sieve, sieving the residual soil by using a 100-mesh sieve, using the soil with physical viscosity passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a water-retaining layer of the artificial meadow bed, using the powder soil not passing through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a nutrient layer and a seed layer of the artificial meadow bed, and using the sieved soil to manufacture the artificial meadow bed specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring bentonite and sticky soil a with the particle size not larger than 0.15mm according to the mass ratio of 1:10 to form slurry, pouring the slurry into a rectangular iron frame with the particle size of 1m multiplied by 30cm, and pressing and airing to form a water retention layer; the thickness of the water retention layer is 8 cm; the load of the pressed slurry is 100kg, and the time is 7 h;
s2, adding fermented dry yak manure and chemical fertilizer into grass segments which are cut into 15cm by the elymus nutans and the oats, mixing and stirring the grass segments with soil b to form slurry, pouring the slurry on the upper part of the water retention layer, and naturally airing the slurry to form a nutrition layer; the thickness of the nutrition layer is 15 cm; the fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the mass of the nutrition layer per square meter is 23kg, the dosage of Chinese herbal medicine sections per square meter of the nutrition layer is 6kg, and the dosage of the fertilizer is 25 g; the mass ratio of the dry animal manure to the soil b is 1: 5; the soil b is powder soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve; the dry animal manure is a mixture of Tibetan goat manure, Tibetan sheep manure and yak manure in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1;
s3, stirring and mixing the plant seeds suitable for growing in the alpine meadow area with soil c, and irrigating the mixture on the upper part of the nutrition layer to form a seed layer; the thickness of the seed layer is 3 cm; the sowing amount of the seeds in the soil c per square meter is 30 g; the seeds consist of the selected seeds and optional seeds, the selected seeds are Elymus nutans seeds, Poa pratensis seeds and Achillea aspera seeds, the optional seeds are Isopinus aspera seeds, Carex tibetana seeds and oat seeds, and the selected seeds account for 50% of the seeds by mass; the soil c is silt soil which does not pass through a 100-mesh sieve;
s4, removing the iron frame, and stacking the water retention layer, the nutrition layer and the seed layer from bottom to top in sequence to form the artificial meadow bed.
And then, calculating 20 artificial meadow beds required according to the area of the defect patch plots by 20 square meters, preparing the artificial meadow beds with equal number of blocks according to the method, paving the artificial meadow beds on the excavated soil plots flatly, watering, covering with a sunshade net, and taking down the sunshade net after seeds germinate.
After the method is repaired, experiments for 1 year prove that the repaired alpine meadow bare spot area is not further expanded, the shape of the artificial meadow bed on the surface layer is stable, the soil quality is greatly improved, the elymus nutans, poa pratensis, stigmatis zizanioides, isostigmatis japonicas, setose sedge and oat seeds start to grow gradually, the vegetation coverage is greatly improved, the ecological repair for 1 year proves that the degradation problem of the alpine meadow is effectively restrained, the meadow is gradually restored, and the root systems of plants gradually form a natural meadow layer after the meadow in the repaired area is restored along with the accumulation of time, so that the substitution of the artificial meadow bed is completed, and the complete fusion with the natural alpine meadow is realized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A hydrothermally balanced degraded alpine meadow restoration material is characterized by comprising an artificial meadow bed formed by stacking a water retention layer, a nutrition layer and a seed layer from bottom to top in sequence;
the water retention layer is: mixing and stirring bentonite and viscous soil a to form slurry, pouring the slurry into a mould, and pressing and airing to form the bentonite-clay soil; the thickness of the water retention layer is 3 cm-8 cm; the soil a is fine clay, and the mass ratio of the soil a to the bentonite is (5-10): 1; the particle size of the soil a is not more than 0.15 mm;
the nutrition layer is as follows: adding the dry animal manure and the chemical fertilizer into the grass segments, mixing and stirring the grass segments with the soil b to form slurry, pouring the slurry on the upper part of the water-retaining layer, and naturally airing the slurry; the thickness of the nutrition layer is 8 cm-15 cm; the grass sections are formed by cutting elymus nutans and oats into 10-20 cm sections;
the seed layer is as follows: stirring and mixing plant seeds suitable for growing in the alpine meadow area with soil c, and irrigating the mixture on the upper part of the nutrition layer to form the mixture; the thickness of the seed layer is 2 cm-3 cm;
the top of seed layer still is provided with the cortex, the cortex is: pouring a biomass skinning culture solution on the upper part of the seed layer to form; the thickness of the skinning layer is 0.1 cm-0.3 cm.
2. The hydrothermally balanced deteriorated alpine meadow restoration material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mold is a rectangular iron frame of 1m x 30cm, and the load of the pressing slurry is 100kg, and the time is not less than 6 h.
3. The hydrothermally balanced degraded alpine meadow restoration material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the meadow segments are formed by cutting elymus nutans and oats into 10 cm-20 cm small segments, the fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the mass of the nutrition layer per square meter is 5 kg-25 kg, the consumption of the Chinese herbal segments per square meter of the nutrition layer is 1 kg-6 kg, and the consumption of the fertilizer is 10 g-25 g; the mass ratio of the dry animal manure to the soil b is 1 (5-8).
4. The hydrothermally balanced degraded alpine meadow restoration material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding amount of seeds in soil c per square meter is 20-40 g; the seeds comprise requisite seeds and optional seeds, wherein the requisite seeds are elymus nutans seeds, bluegrass seeds and stipa sativus seeds, and the optional seeds are optional three seeds of stipa brachycarpa praecox seeds, tibetan aweto seeds, isostipa capillipes seeds, Qinghai-tibetan aweto seeds, oat seeds, qia-grass seeds, old mango seeds, alfalfa seeds and rape seeds for feeding, wherein the requisite seeds account for 35-50% of the seeds by mass.
5. The hydrothermally balanced degraded alpine meadow repair material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the biomass skinning culture solution is as follows: propagating the crust of Tibet indigenous algae near the site to be repaired by adopting BG11 culture medium, and mixing with the culture medium with the mass concentration of 0.5-3L/m 2 The culture medium is prepared by mixing the chitosan solution, wherein the addition amount of the chitosan solution is 1-5% of the weight of the BG11 culture medium.
6. Use of the hydrothermally balanced deteriorated alpine meadow repairing material as defined in any one of claims 1-5 to repair deteriorated alpine meadows, wherein the deteriorated alpine meadow is subjected to leveling treatment, the artificial meadow bed is placed on the deteriorated meadow land, a sun-shading net is covered after watering is carried out, and the sun-shading net is removed after seeds germinate.
7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that: the method for finishing the bare spot plots comprises the following steps: digging out the soil of the alpine meadow defect patch plots before restoration, using a 50-mesh sieve to remove coarse sand and gravel, sieving the residual soil with a 100-mesh sieve, using the physically viscous soil which passes through the 100-mesh sieve to manufacture a water retention layer, and using the non-passing granular soil to manufacture a nutrition layer and a seed layer.
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that: the height of the excavated soil is the same as that of the laid artificial meadow bed.
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| CN201234473Y (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2009-05-13 | 窦永位 | Plant nutrition block for sandy desert greening |
| CN107360889A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-21 | 兰州大学 | A kind of cold-dampness type Sandy Grassland recovers vegetation establishment material and its application method |
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| CN109644609A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-04-19 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of method of Degraded Alpine ecological restoration of grassland |
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| CN201234473Y (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2009-05-13 | 窦永位 | Plant nutrition block for sandy desert greening |
| CN107360889A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-21 | 兰州大学 | A kind of cold-dampness type Sandy Grassland recovers vegetation establishment material and its application method |
| CN107417460A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-01 | 兰州大学 | Grain and preparation method thereof is given birth in a kind of plant for Alpine Grasslands |
| CN109463257A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-15 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | Matrix and application method for superelevation height above sea level nature exposed hill revegetation |
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