CN111436335A - Ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method - Google Patents
Ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111436335A CN111436335A CN202010279870.2A CN202010279870A CN111436335A CN 111436335 A CN111436335 A CN 111436335A CN 202010279870 A CN202010279870 A CN 202010279870A CN 111436335 A CN111436335 A CN 111436335A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G20/10—Pre-cultivated sod or turf; Apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method which comprises the following steps of ⑴ smashing thick rod diameter parts of crop straws into small pieces, cutting thin rod diameter parts of the crop straws into small pieces, mixing the small pieces to obtain treated crop straws, ⑵ uniformly mixing harmless animal and plant wastes with clay to obtain a soil fertilizer mixture, ⑶ uniformly mixing the treated crop straws with the soil fertilizer mixture, adding water and stirring to obtain a mixture, pressing and naturally airing the ⑷ mixture to obtain a 5-hole polygonal ecological module or a 3-hole I-shaped ecological module with a connecting part, ⑸ planting grass seeds in the ecological module and cultivating the grass seeds to a budding stage to obtain a cultivated ecological module, ⑹ paving the cultivated ecological module on sandy meadow after a season is over and before a rainy season, and connecting the modules through the connecting part to form a restoration area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of alpine meadow desertification control, in particular to an ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method.
Background
The Maqu grassland is not only used as an irreplaceable part of an ecosystem of a Qinghai-Tibet plateau, but also has important biological diversity protection function, soil protection and desertification control function, is also an important water supply area of a most main production area, a water source nourishing area and a yellow river total drainage area in an upstream area of a yellow river, is called a Chinese water tower and a water storage tank of the yellow river in the sky, and is a huge ecological barrier at the upstream of the yellow river. However, the area belongs to a typical ecological environment fragile area, and under the large background of global climate warming, particularly under the condition of increasingly frequent interference and damage of human activities, vegetation in the area is damaged, and ecological environment problems such as serious grassland degradation, surface runoff reduction, underground water level reduction, water and soil loss, meadow desertification and the like become serious day by day. In the face of the severe current situation of desertification, the artificial method for grassland ecological restoration is an important way for restraining soil wind erosion, preventing grassland desertification, protecting grassland biological community diversity and maintaining the ecological safety of the upstream of the yellow river.
The invention patent application with publication number CN 110004905A discloses a method for planting live grass squares for controlling sand damage in high and cold regions, which comprises the steps of arranging dead grass squares at the top of a moving sand dune and at an air port between the moving sand dune and the moving sand land, and alternately arranging the dead grass squares and the live grass squares in a strip shape at the rest parts according to the sequence of the dead grass squares and the live grass squares. The live grass square is formed by growing established and planted grass seeds, and pasture is planted in the grass square for recovering vegetation and controlling sand damage. Although the method adopts a method of mixing wheat straw square grids and HDPE net square grids for use, compared with the traditional grass square grid method, the method has the advantages that the difference is not large in nature, and the problems of wheat straw collection and cost exist; the HDPE plastic has poor aging resistance and environmental stress cracking resistance, and short service cycle; although the germination rate can be improved to a certain extent by planting the pasture after the season is over, the survival rate is still difficult to guarantee when the pasture is planted on sandy land lacking nutrients.
The invention patent application with publication number CN 109924072A discloses a method for planting pasture in desertified land in alpine pasturing areas, which comprises the steps of firstly arranging sand barriers to fix sand surfaces before sowing, then sowing mixed grass seeds, and uniformly scattering decomposed cow dung or sheep dung on the sand surfaces in the pasturing areas to provide nutrition for pasture seedlings. Although the raw materials in the method can be obtained from local materials to reduce the cost, the survival rate of the grass seeds in the natural environment can not be ensured, and the cattle and sheep manure spread on the sand surface can also face the problem of weathering, so the treatment effect of the desertification grassland is not obvious.
The invention patent application with publication number CN 110235707A discloses a method for fixing sand by sedge rupestris in a high and cold area, and in the first stage, a first sedge rupestris live sand barrier queue is established at the middle lower part of two sides of a sand ridge of a moving dune and is vertical to the main wind direction; and in the second stage, after the sand ridges are leveled by wind erosion, a second nori scaber live sand barrier queue is planted on the middle wind erosion leveling land in a large range, and the second nori scaber live sand barrier queue is utilized to connect the live sand barriers on the left side and the right side to form a whole body, so that a stable sand fixing surface can be formed. The method of firstly arranging two sides and then arranging the middle can finally enable the sand barriers to be connected into a whole, but the sedge planted at the first stage can be naturally weathered in the process of weathering a sand dune, so that the survival (preservation) rate of vegetation is low, and the expected effect is difficult to achieve.
At present, the method for solving the problems of low plant survival rate, weakened ecological function, low large-area restoration efficiency, difficult industrial construction operation and the like in the desertification control of the grassland in the alpine region has the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method which is high in plant survival rate and restoration efficiency and easy for industrial construction operation.
In order to solve the problems, the ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method comprises the following steps:
⑴ smashing the thick-rod-diameter part of the crop straw into small pieces with the side length of 0.5-1.5 cm, cutting the thin-rod-diameter part into small pieces with the side length of 6-8 cm, and mixing the small pieces with the blocks in a mass ratio of 2: 3 or 1: 1 to obtain the treated crop straw;
⑵ mixing the animal and plant wastes subjected to harmless treatment with clay uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 to obtain a soil fertilizer mixture;
⑶, uniformly mixing the treated crop straws with the soil fertilizer mixture, and adding water for stirring to obtain a mixture with a slump of 10-20 mm, wherein the addition amount of the treated crop straws is 4-6% of the weight of the mixture, and the addition amount of the soil fertilizer mixture is 88-92% of the weight of the mixture;
⑷ filling the mixture into a mechanized mold with 5-hole polygon or 3-hole I-shaped for pressing, and naturally drying to obtain a 5-hole polygon ecological module or a 3-hole I-shaped ecological module with a connecting part;
⑸ planting grass seeds in the 5-hole polygonal ecological module or the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module, and culturing in a greenhouse until budding stage to obtain a cultured ecological module;
⑹ after the season is over and before the rainy season comes, the cultivated ecological modules are laid on the desertification grassland according to the gradient of the terrain of the restoration area, and the modules are connected through the connection parts to form the restoration area.
The length of the extension part of the connecting part is 6 cm.
In the step ⑷, the side length of the 5-hole polygonal ecological module is 20cm × 20cm, the total thickness is 8cm, the thickness of straw coverage is 1.8cm, and the thickness of the organic fertilizer and seed planting layer is 4.5 cm.
The side length of the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module in the step ⑷ is 30cm × 20cm, the total thickness is 10cm, the straw covering thickness is 2.2cm, and the thickness of the organic fertilizer and seed planting layer is 5.5 cm.
In the step ⑷, the 5-hole polygonal ecological module and the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module are both in a semi-hollow interlocking type, and inclined surfaces with different angles are arranged on the upper surfaces of the ecological modules.
The step ⑸ Chinese herbal medicine is one or more of Mount-Hibiscus, narrow-ear Imperata, Festuca arundinacea and grass-grown-grass.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the 5-hole polygonal ecological module and the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module are in a semi-hollow interlocking type, so that the raw material consumption is reduced, the weight of the modules is reduced, and the modules can be connected through interlocking parts, so that the treatment effect from point to surface is achieved, and the sand flow is effectively restrained.
2. The upper surfaces of the 5-hole polygonal ecological module and the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module are respectively provided with the inclined surfaces with different angles, so that rainwater can be collected into a hollow area to store water for vegetation, and the effects of saving water and preserving water are achieved while the water-gas environment of crops is improved.
3. The invention utilizes the waste crop straws, organic fertilizers made of animal and plant wastes, soil mixtures and other ecological and environment-friendly raw materials to prepare the breeding and seedling ecological module, thereby not only having zero pollution to the natural environment, but also providing comprehensive nutrition for vegetation, having long fertilizer efficiency, increasing and updating soil organic matters, promoting the propagation of microorganisms, and improving the physicochemical property and the biological activity of the soil nearby the periphery.
4. The invention can be directly manufactured by a mechanical die, has lower manufacturing cost and is convenient for realizing industrial production; meanwhile, the block structure is convenient to transport and beneficial to large-scale popularization and use.
5. The ecological module is internally provided with a porous loose block body, and the loose structure on the lower surface of the block body is also beneficial to the growth and the propagation of the root system of the plant; meanwhile, the semi-hollow part of the ecological module is used as a breeding and seedling raising container to artificially culture dominant species and group-establishing seedlings, so that the problems of low plant survival rate, difficult restoration of biological communities, low large-area restoration efficiency, difficult industrial construction operation and the like in the desertification treatment process of the alpine grasses are effectively solved.
6. The ecological module with crop straws as the aggregate has the heat preservation function while enhancing the integrity of the module, and can improve the survival rate of plant seeds and seedlings; meanwhile, the ecological module has the functions of water retention, heat preservation and fertilizer increasing, and can provide a good growing environment for vegetation, so that the survival rate of crops can be ensured to reach more than 82%.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a 5-hole polygonal ecological module according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a manufacturing mold diagram of the 5-hole polygonal ecological module of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the laying of the 5-hole polygonal ecological module of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3-hole i-shaped ecological module in the invention.
In the figure: 1-a linking site; 2-5 hole polygonal ecological modules; 3-3 hole I-shaped ecological modules.
Detailed Description
An ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method comprises the following steps:
⑴ smashing the thick stalk diameter part of the crop straws of wheat, corn, potato and the like into small pieces with the side length of 0.5-1.5 cm, cutting the thin stalk diameter part into small pieces with the side length of 6-8 cm, and mixing the small pieces with the block shape according to the mass ratio of 2: 3 or 1: 1 to obtain the treated crop straws.
⑵ mixing the animal and plant wastes after harmless treatment with clay uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 to obtain the soil fertilizer mixture.
⑶, uniformly mixing the treated crop straws with the soil fertilizer mixture, adding water and stirring to obtain a mixture with slump of 10-20 mm.
Wherein: the addition amount of the treated crop straws is 4-6% of the weight of the mixture; the addition amount of the soil fertilizer mixture is 88-92% of the weight of the mixture.
⑷ filling the mixture into a mechanized mold with 5-hole polygon or 3-hole I shape for pressing, and naturally airing the mold in a ventilated place to obtain the ecological module with 5-hole polygon 2 or 3-hole I shape 3 with the connecting part 1.
Wherein: the length of the overhanging part of the coupling part 1 is 6 cm.
The side length of the 5-hole polygonal ecological module 2 is 20cm × 20cm, the total thickness is 8cm, the straw covering thickness is 1.8cm, and the thickness of the organic fertilizer and seed planting layer is 4.5 cm.
The side length of the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module 3 is 30cm × 20cm, the total thickness is 10cm, the straw covering thickness is 2.2cm, and the thickness of the organic fertilizer and seed planting layer is 5.5 cm.
The 5-hole polygonal ecological module 2 and the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module 3 are both in a semi-hollow interlocking type, and inclined planes with different angles are arranged on the upper surfaces of the ecological modules.
⑸ planting selected dominant seeds and clustered grass seeds in the 5-hole polygonal ecological module 2 or 3-hole I-shaped ecological module 3, and culturing in a greenhouse until budding stage to obtain the cultured ecological module.
Wherein: the grass seeds are one or more of alpine fleabane herb, narrow-spike fescue, fescue and grassland annual bluegrass.
⑹ after the season is over and before the rainy season comes, the cultivated ecological modules are laid on the desertification grassland according to the gradient of the terrain of the restoration area, and the modules are connected through the connection part 1 to form the restoration area, thereby achieving the effect of treatment from point to surface.
After the laying is finished, no manual intervention is needed except for enclosing and banning grazing. After the 2 nd year, a single ecological module is used as a basic unit to form a vegetation ecological community of a small area, and the connected ecological module community is used as a main body to form a large-area vegetation restoration area, so that the ecological restoration effect of the desertification grassland in the alpine region is achieved.
⑴ smashing the thick stalk diameter part of the crop straws of wheat, corn, potato and the like into small blocks with the side length of 0.5-1.5 cm, cutting the thin stalk diameter part into small sections with the side length of 6-8 cm, and mixing the small sections and the blocks according to the mass ratio of 2: 3 to obtain the treated crop straws.
⑵ mixing the animal and plant wastes after harmless treatment with clay uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 to obtain the soil fertilizer mixture.
⑶, uniformly mixing the treated crop straws with the soil fertilizer mixture, and adding water for stirring to obtain a mixture with slump of 10-20 mm.
Wherein: the addition amount of the treated crop straws is 4-5% of the weight of the mixture; the addition amount of the soil fertilizer mixture is 90-92% of the weight of the mixture.
⑷ and filling the mixture into a 5-hole polygonal mechanized mold for pressing, and naturally airing the mold in a ventilated place to obtain the 5-hole polygonal ecological module 2 with the connecting part 1.
Wherein: the length of the overhanging part of the coupling part 1 is 6 cm.
The side length of the 5-hole polygonal ecological module 2 is 20cm × 20cm, the total thickness is 8cm, the straw covering thickness is 1.8cm, and the thickness of the organic fertilizer and seed planting layer is 4.5 cm.
⑸ planting selected dominant and group-forming grass seeds in the 5-hole polygonal ecological module 2, and culturing in a greenhouse to the budding stage to obtain the cultured ecological module.
Wherein: the grass seeds are one or more of alpine fleabane herb, narrow-spike fescue, fescue and grassland annual bluegrass.
⑹ after the season is over and before the rainy season comes, the cultivated ecological modules are laid on the desertification grassland according to the gradient of the terrain of the restoration area, and the modules are connected through the connection part 1 to form the restoration area.
The 5-hole polygonal ecological module 2 is suitable for being laid on sandy pastures with relatively flat terrain and relatively small gradient. After the laying is finished, no manual intervention is needed except for enclosing and banning grazing. After the 2 nd year, a single ecological module is used as a basic unit to form a vegetation ecological community of a small area, and the connected ecological module community is used as a main body to form a large-area vegetation restoration area, so that the ecological restoration effect of the desertification grassland in the alpine region is achieved.
⑴ smashing the thick stalk diameter part of the crop straws of wheat, corn, potato and the like into small blocks with the side length of 0.5-1.5 cm, cutting the thin stalk diameter part into small sections with the side length of 6-8 cm, and mixing the small sections and the small blocks according to the mass ratio of 1: 1 to obtain the treated crop straws.
⑵ mixing the animal and plant wastes after harmless treatment with clay uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 to obtain the soil fertilizer mixture.
⑶, uniformly mixing the treated crop straws with the soil fertilizer mixture, adding water and stirring to obtain a mixture with slump of 10-20 mm.
Wherein: the addition amount of the treated crop straws is 5-6% of the weight of the mixture; the addition amount of the soil fertilizer mixture is 88-91% of the weight of the mixture.
⑷ and filling the mixture into a 3-hole I-shaped mechanized mold for pressing, and naturally airing the mold after being placed in a ventilated place to obtain the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module 3 with the connecting part 1.
Wherein: the length of the overhanging part of the coupling part 1 is 6 cm.
The side length of the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module 3 is 30cm × 20cm, the total thickness is 10cm, the straw covering thickness is 2.2cm, and the thickness of the organic fertilizer and seed planting layer is 5.5 cm.
⑸ planting selected dominant seeds and clustered grass seeds in the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module 3, and culturing in a greenhouse until budding stage to obtain the cultured ecological module.
Wherein: the grass seeds are one or more of alpine fleabane herb, narrow-spike fescue, fescue and grassland annual bluegrass.
⑹ after the season is over and before the rainy season comes, the cultivated ecological modules are laid on the desertification grassland according to the gradient of the terrain of the restoration area, and the modules are connected through the connection part 1 to form the restoration area, thereby achieving the effect of treatment from point to surface.
The single-hole 3-hole I-shaped ecological module 3 is suitable for being laid on sandy grasslands with rugged terrain and large gradient. After the laying is finished, no manual intervention is needed except for enclosing and banning grazing. After the 2 nd year, a single ecological module is used as a basic unit to form a vegetation ecological community of a small area, and the connected ecological module community is used as a main body to form a large-area vegetation restoration area, so that the ecological restoration effect of the desertification grassland in the alpine region is achieved.
In examples 1 to 2, the mass unit is kg.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method comprises the following steps:
⑴ smashing the thick-rod-diameter part of the crop straw into small pieces with the side length of 0.5-1.5 cm, cutting the thin-rod-diameter part into small pieces with the side length of 6-8 cm, and mixing the small pieces with the blocks in a mass ratio of 2: 3 or 1: 1 to obtain the treated crop straw;
⑵ mixing the animal and plant wastes subjected to harmless treatment with clay uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 to obtain a soil fertilizer mixture;
⑶, uniformly mixing the treated crop straws with the soil fertilizer mixture, and adding water for stirring to obtain a mixture with a slump of 10-20 mm, wherein the addition amount of the treated crop straws is 4-6% of the weight of the mixture, and the addition amount of the soil fertilizer mixture is 88-92% of the weight of the mixture;
⑷ filling the mixture into a mechanized die with 5-hole polygon or 3-hole I-shaped for pressing, and naturally airing to obtain a 5-hole polygon ecological module (2) or a 3-hole I-shaped ecological module (3) with a connecting part (1);
⑸ planting grass seeds in the 5-hole polygonal ecological module (2) or the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module (3), and culturing in a greenhouse until budding stage to obtain a cultured ecological module;
⑹ after the season is over and before the rainy season comes, the cultivated ecological modules are laid on the desertification grassland according to the gradient of the terrain of the restoration area, and the modules are connected through the connection part (1) to form a restoration area.
2. The ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method of claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the extension part of the connecting part (1) is 6 cm.
3. The ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the side length of the 5-hole polygonal ecological module (2) in the step ⑷ is 20cm × 20cm, the total thickness is 8cm, the thickness of straw cover is 1.8cm, and the thickness of the organic fertilizer and seed planting layer is 4.5 cm.
4. The ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side length of the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module (3) in the step ⑷ is 30cm × 20cm, the total thickness is 10cm, the straw coverage thickness is 2.2cm, and the organic fertilizer and seed planting layer thickness is 5.5 cm.
5. The ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the 5-hole polygonal ecological module (2) and the 3-hole I-shaped ecological module (3) in the step ⑷ are all in a semi-hollow interlocking type, and inclined surfaces with different angles are arranged on the upper surfaces of the modules.
6. The ecological modular alpine meadow restoration method of claim 1, wherein the grass species in the step ⑸ is one or more of alpine fleabane herb, narrow-spiked fescue, meadow bluegrass.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113383682A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-14 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for reconstructing ecological damaged plaque vegetation of plateau grassland and alpine meadow |
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Application publication date: 20200724 |