CN101491191B - High-land protection ground seedling-raising technique of sichuan fritillary bulb - Google Patents
High-land protection ground seedling-raising technique of sichuan fritillary bulb Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101491191B CN101491191B CN2009100585442A CN200910058544A CN101491191B CN 101491191 B CN101491191 B CN 101491191B CN 2009100585442 A CN2009100585442 A CN 2009100585442A CN 200910058544 A CN200910058544 A CN 200910058544A CN 101491191 B CN101491191 B CN 101491191B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- seedling
- construction
- bulbus fritillariae
- sowing
- fritillariae cirrhosae
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses seedling raising technology for Sichuan fritillary bulb in the plateau protective ground. The technology mainly comprises the following links: seedling raising location selection, facility construction (including the construction of a big plastic tent or a middle plastic tent, a seedling raising bed, a seedling raising carriage, a seedling raising disc, and the like) and seedling raising substrate preparation, seed selection, seeding, management, nursery leaving, and the like. A native habitat or a genuine production place is selected to raise the seedling on the spot,the technology can effectively improve the seedling emergence rate of Sichuan fritillary bulb, the seedling emergence regularity, the survival rate, the autumn bulb rate, the seedling return rate (the seedling emergence rate in the next year), and the like, and greatly improve the propagation coefficient of Sichuan fritillary bulb. The raised germchits grow uniformly and robustly. The technology realizes the standardized operation and can be used to provide a large amount of high quality Sichuan fritillary bulb germchits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to traditional Chinese medicine culture technique field, especially a kind of seed seedling-raising method of inventing at the highlands large-scale planting at birth canal ground, river medicinal material-Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.
Background technology
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is a Liliaceae Fritillaria plant, is rare traditional Chinese medicine, is used as medicine with bulb, has clearing heat and moistening lung are arranged, and the effect of preventing phlegm from forming and stopping coughing also is the primary raw material of multiple Chinese patent drug, also is the genunie medicinal materials in Sichuan.This medicinal material Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China is gone through version, and to record Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae medicinal material base source plant be liliaceous plant Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don), the dark violet bulb of fritillary (F.unibracteata Hsiao erK.C.Hsia), the Gansu bulb of fritillary (F.przewalskii Maxim) or Bulbus Fritillariae cirrhosae (F.delavayiFranch).Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae mainly is distributed in the southeast, China Qinghai-Tibet Platean edge, western Sichuan, state, Deqen in Yunnan Province, Lijiang Prefecture; Longnan Prefecture, Gansu, northeast, Tibet and south and part, Qinghai.Sichuan is the genuine producing region of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, the high-quality Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae mainly is distributed in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garze and the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of western Sichuan, height above sea level is area, 3500～4500m high mountain plateau, this district's weather cold, based on ethnic groups such as Tibetan, backward in economy, Tibetan's major source of revenues is in herding and traditional Chinese medicine.The economic worth of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is higher, it is local herdsman's important income, because the social demand amount is big, and wild Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae needed just can excavate in 4～5 years, the depletion rate of resource and the growth rate of resource are extremely unbecoming, the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae price of medicinal material rises steadily, stimulate the excavation of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae resource more, directly cause surface vegetation to destroy, lack at high and cold area under the condition of hydro-thermal, ecosystem restoration after the destruction is difficulty very, also causes the rapid minimizing of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae living resources and the forfeiture of genetic diversity simultaneously.
The Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae artificial cultivation can address the above problem, and can satisfy society to the demand of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae medicinal material, favourable protection wild resource, is the effective way that realizes this resources, and sapling multiplication is one of tame key link.
The patent of invention of the relevant bulb of fritillary (application) mainly comprises: the kind of (1) bulb of fritillary is received bed (a China Patent No. 98239361.X): disclose a kind of by fertilizer layer, lower plastic net layer, thin soil layer, fritillaria seed layer, soil layer, the kind that goes up the bulb of fritillary that plastic layer, thick soil stratum form is received bed, mainly is at the bed of growing seedlings that originates in northern fritillary bulb; (2) cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae and Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (Chinese patent application number 200610172189.8): mainly be that the cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae has been done to elaborate, comprise plantation ground, plantation pattern, plant gathering of method for planting, medicinal material etc., Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae and other plant are cultivated at interval.(3) artificial raise seedling method of fritillaria thunbergii (Chinese patent application number 85108314): disclose a kind of artificial breeding technique, each incubation step the suitableeest needed breeding condition and processing method of fritillaria thunbergii, mainly concentrated on the processing vernalization aspect of seed; But do not indicate is those kind bulbs of fritillary, and suitable application region etc.(4) handle the method (Chinese patent application number 200610172188.3) of fall seeding seed of Sichuan fritillary bulb: disclose a kind of method of lamination seed in the fields of directly sowing in autumn.(5) a kind of method for processing sown of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (Chinese patent application number 200610020864.5): disclose and a kind ofly in winter seed has been carried out lamination and handle it is reached maturity, carried out a kind of method of field seeding in spring again.(6) a kind of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae was finished the cultivation method (Chinese patent application number 200810103298.3) of two growth cycles in 1 year: Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae was finished the cultivation method of two growth cycles in 1 year, comprised that fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is gathered, after-ripening processing, sowing and management etc.; (7) a kind of seedling dish of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae or seedling pocket type sexual multiplication cultivation method (Chinese patent application number 200810103294.5): the sexual multiplication cultivation method that is a kind of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, it is to adopt seedling dish or seedling pocket type cultivation method, can take autumn sowing and spring sowing sowing season, and by rational close planting, seedling dish or seedling pocket type cultivation, concentrate methods such as multilayer stacks to realize that Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae breeds in the rate rapidly and efficiently of seedling phase.
Above-mentioned technology and method have related to the cultivation of the bulb of fritillary and have bred, and have also promoted the level of production of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae to a certain extent.But production practices from Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is perennial perennial plant, with underground bulb is the results purposes, its living environment is the area, plateau, height above sea level, awful weather, vegetative period in year is short, nurturing period is long, needs also to take 4 years more than 5 years under cultivation condition to forming the commodity bulb of fritillary from seed germination under field conditions (factors).According to investigations, in wild environment, the emergence rate of seed is low, and it is dead very easily to be subjected to ice and snow harm in spring, or is got food by animal, to autumn storage rate less than 5%, under the artificial cultivation condition, can reach 20%～40%.Behind the seed sprouting storage rate low be one of reason of day by day reducing of wild Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae resource, also be the key link that the restriction Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is produced.
Realizing the large-scale artificial cultivation of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, need a large amount of high quality seedlings, and grow seedlings on the plateau with protecting, is the main path that obtains a large amount of high-quality Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae seedlings.And in the prior art, still do not protect the ground growing nursery and culture to breed the relevant report of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae on the plateau.
Summary of the invention
Protection ground, the plateau seedling-cultivating method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae; grow seedlings on the plateau of awful weather with protecting; at fritillaria cirrhosa seeds sprout and process of growth in; individuality is tiny (only to have a slice leaf; size is similar to a sewing-needle), life the extreme weather (spring and summer ice and snow, hail) on fragility, plateau and wild thing to its reality that injury is very big, the seedling storage rate is low; at source create the controlled environmental condition of appropriateness and grow seedlings, promptly grow seedlings to protection.The problem that emphasis solves: from planting seed-the overall process of seedling control effectively; solve the injury that the extreme weather in breeding time is grown to the fritillaria cirrhosa seeds seedling; create the condition of suitable fritillaria cirrhosa seeds seedling growth; improve the storage rate of seed seedling; a large amount of, robust growth, quality controllable seed seedling (1 age bulb) finally is provided, solves the required standardization seedling problem of large-scale production.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of protection ground, plateau seedling-cultivating method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae; mainly comprise with growing seedlings select, Facilities Construction (comprise booth or middle canopy, the construction of grow seedlings bed, the frame of growing seedlings, seedling-cultivating tray etc.) and seedling medium preparation, seed select, sow, manage, go out links such as garden, concrete operations can be as follows:
(1), selects with growing seedlings
The principle that fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is selected with growing seedlings is in the original producton location or genuine producing region, carries out and grows seedlings on the spot.Because plateau wind is big, will be selected in lee side, as near the house or by the shelterbelt with growing seedlings; Also want the designing and arranging water system.
(2), Facilities Construction and seedling medium are prepared
The key facility construction comprises booth (as plastic tunnel, greenhouse by solar heat) or middle canopy construction, grow seedlings bed construction, grow seedlings frame and seedling-cultivating tray construction; This step also comprises seedling medium preparation etc.
Can carry out according to following method respectively:
Booth is built: wide 3.5～6.0m, long 30～40m; Sagitta 1.8～2.4m; Spacing 40～60cm between two booths; Can adopt steelframe booth or bamboo-wood structure booth, no matter use the sort of booth, the canopy film must be can anti-plateau intensive ultraviolet and the material of cryogenic conditions; The base area potential condition is provided with the seedbed number in the canopy.
Middle canopy construction: wide 1.2～1.5m, long 20～30m, sagitta 60～80cm, arch spacing 50～60cm, spacing 25～40cm between two middle canopies; Bamboo-wood structure or steel frame construction; The canopy film can adopt can anti-intensive ultraviolet and the material or the normal film of cryogenic conditions; The base area potential condition is provided with the seedbed number in the canopy.
No matter booth or middle canopy will have the drain ditch between two canopies.
The sunshade net all will be settled in booth or middle canopy top, is that 45～55% black sunshade net is good with shading rate.
The bed of growing seedlings is built: seedbed wide (internal diameter) 100～120cm, length is decided according to booth or middle canopy length, bedside can be built by laying bricks or stones with brick or other material (as stone etc.) and be formed, dark 18～the 30cm of bed, it lays cobble down, cobble thickness 5～10cm re-lays seedling medium on the cobble, seedling medium thickness 8～20cm; Each seedbed spacing 30～40cm.
Grow seedlings frame and seedling-cultivating tray construction: can adopt 3～4 layers the multiple field frame of growing seedlings, be material with steelframe or bamboo wood, the long 1.5～2.0cm of frame, and wide 50～55cm,, interlamellar spacing 35～40cm; Place seedling-cultivating tray on the frame; Seedling-cultivating tray can be square position or cave dish, square position length * wide * height=50～55 * 28～35 * 8～10cm, and cave dish length and width are identical with the square position, and the hole gauge lattice of growing seedlings are 4～6 * 8～12 (4～6 row, every row 8～12 caves).
Seedling medium is prepared: can adopt the cow dung+garden mould that becomes thoroughly decomposed, volume ratio is: 1～2: 1; Also can directly adopt the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
(3), seed is selected
Selected shape is the shape of falling ovum triangle, be bright yellowish-brown, the fritillaria cirrhosa seeds of the heavy 1.4g～2.0g of dry granular, carry out after-ripening before the sowing earlier and handle that (after-ripening is handled can be by following operation: behind seed collection, immediately with cow dung or river sand or fine earth mixing, according to cow dung or river sand or fine earth: seed volume ratio=2～5: 1 carries out, keep certain humidity, handle to sowing and take out.Humidity maintenance method: to hold cow dung or river sand or fine earth, after unclamping, cow dung or river sand or fine earth can scatter naturally and be degree; At any time check that watering immediately after finding to do remains this state; ), germination rate is reached more than 75%.
This step " seed selection " can above-mentioned steps (1) " select " and (2) " Facilities Construction and seedling medium are prepared " with growing seedlings before or afterwards or between carry out any the time.
(4), sowing
Sowing time: March in spring; Can adopt grow seedlings sowing in bed kind or seedling-cultivating tray sowing.
The sowing in bed kind of growing seedlings adopts trench sowing, and ditch is apart from 8～10cm, and every ditch is sowed about 180～290; The cave dish is by the program request of 10～13/cave; The square position is by 2285～2971/m
2Broadcast the back and cover seedling medium, thickness is 0.4～0.8cm.
After planting use 50% thiophanate methyl (thiophanate-methyl) to convert 600～900 times in water or 50% carbendazol wettable powder is converted 600～900 times of sprinklings of water, irrigate with matrix, the surface is not exposed seed and is degree.
(5), management
The management main points are light, temperature, water coordination, and in three factors, its importance is followed successively by temperature, moisture, illumination.Temperature is primary limiting factor, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae seedling non-refractory, and the too high meeting of temperature causes the growth of seedling obstacle, death when serious; Next is a moisture, and the very few growth of seedling that all can cause of excess moisture is bad, and bulb is grown irregular.
Daily management: the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae growth of seedling need suit to shade and temperature, shading rate is 45～55% better (realizing by settle the sunshade net above canopy), temperature of shed is advisable with 15～20 ℃, be no more than 25 ℃, noon, solar radiation sharply raise temperature of shed, note opening the canopy film at any time and ventilate.Water supply in media management is advisable with semi-wet, with the matrix color of the 3cm degree of depth shoal, dry can watering.
Draining: will check between canopy behind the rain summer, drain ditch all around, keep the primary and secondary drain ditch unimpeded, must not there be ponding the nursery garden.
Diseases prevention:,, spray 2～3 times 10～15 days at interval as the 0.8～1.2cm that comes up with above-mentioned medicament and concentration (50% thiophanate methyl or 50% carbendazol wettable powder are converted 600～900 times in water).Notice that at ordinary times taking off film ventilates, keep the dry disease that reduces of native surface drying to take place.
Fertilising: fertilizer sprays with the mixed solution of nitrogen phosphorus potassium, applies with watering, and fertilising in 10～15 days once at interval; The mixed solution of nitrogen phosphorus potassium can be preferably the mixed solution of urea 1%～3% (mass percent concentration, down together) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%～0.5%.
(6), go out the garden:
Mid or late August, yellow leaf falls behind the seedling, can excavate out the garden.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Adopt the technology of the present invention carry out fritillaria cirrhosa seeds the plateau protection grow seedlings, can effectively improve the emergence rate of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, the regularity of emerging, survival rate, autumn bulb rate and return seedling rate (next year emergence rate) etc.Protection the emergence rate of growing seedlings is 2.19 times that open country is grown seedlings, and is 4.44 times of sowing in the field; Protection the bulb rate of growing seedlings is 4.28 times that open country is grown seedlings, and is 7.48 times of sowing in the field.Grow seedlings to protection and emerge the earliest, emergence rate is the highest, is 86.6%, and autumn, the bulb rate was the highest, was 62.1%, and open country is grown seedlings and taken second place, and the land for growing field crops is the poorest.Grow seedlings to protection because the protective effect of canopy film and sunshade net; growth of seedling is good; and open country is grown seedlings owing to be subjected to influences such as extraneous rain, snow; emergence rate descends; the land for growing field crops is subjected to influence of various factors such as soil, weeds, insect's food-taking especially, and emergence rate is very low, less than 20%; autumn, the bulb rate was low, less than 10%.
The extensive use of the technology of the present invention can change conventional with low, low " extensive cultivation " phenomenon of bulb rate in autumn of seed sowing in the field technology emergence rate, improve the reproduction coefficient of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae greatly, the seedling early growth of cultivating is neat, healthy and strong, reach normalizing operation, the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae high quality seedling can be provided on a large scale; Can solve the main restriction bottleneck in the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae artificial cultivation---the problem of high quality seedling is provided on a large scale.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The inventor is during 2006～2008; continuous 3 years, in Dardo County Xin Douqiao town, Sichuan Province (the wild Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae base of fostering base Co., Ltd of grace prestige plateau traditional Chinese medicine, height above sea level 3500m); carried out the plateau protection ground Seedling Cultivation research of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, it is as follows mainly to study situation:
1 research contents
The research material order fritillaria cirrhosa seeds adopts the sowing in spring;
Main research contents comprises 3: sowing in the field, open country are grown seedlings and are grown seedlings comparative studies with protecting; Different seedling medium researchs; Different seedling-cultivating method (grow seedlings bed and seedling-cultivating tray) research.
1.1 sowing in the field, open country are grown seedlings and grow seedlings comparative studies with protecting
Adopt sowing in the field, outdoor bed and plastic canopy (middle canopy), matrix is composite soil, adopts trench sowing, 200 of every ditch sowings, and every sub-district 3 ditches repeat 4 times.Seedbed and shed specification are seen below implementation method and the step in the research method.
1.2 different seedling medium researchs
Adopt shed grow seedlings (middle canopy).The design seedling medium has river sand, garden mould, cow dung+garden mould, and garden mould is for fetching earth on the spot, and cow dung is a local Tibetan family cow dung, is different from interior ground because Tibetan culture custom, and cow dung is actually the mixture of cow dung and soil, and the cow dung stack retting of purchase is more than 1 year.
Adopt trench sowing, 200 of every ditch sowings, 3 ditches are 1 sub-district, repeat 4 times.
1.3 different seedling-cultivating method (grow seedlings bed and seedling-cultivating tray) research.
Adopt plastic tunnel.The bed of growing seedlings adopts a trench sowing, and method is the same, and seedling-cultivating tray is the cave dish, adopts the frame of growing seedlings, and places seedling-cultivating tray and be individual layer and 2 layers.
1 research method
Carry out routine observation from being seeded into down seedling, emphasis is that seedling-growing time, emergence rate, bulb number and bulb are heavy, and the data withdrawal time excavates bulb behind the seedling and counts and statistical analysis for falling.
The program of growing seedlings mainly comprises: select, Facilities Construction (comprise booth or middle canopy construction, grow seedlings bed construction, grow seedlings frame and seedling-cultivating tray construction etc.) and seedling medium is prepared, garden etc. is selected, sowed, manages, goes out to seed, concrete operations are as follows with growing seedlings:
(1), selects with growing seedlings
Select to comprise two aspects: the overall situation (ecotope) on the ground of growing seedlings and the ground subenvironment (seedbed construction place) of growing seedlings with growing seedlings.Grow seedlings ground overall situation similar to the production base ecotope, purpose is for genuineness that keeps medicinal material better and adaptability; Because the much wind weather in plateau, 80% of annual precipitation concentrates on summer, so the ground subenvironment of growing seedlings is mainly considered leeward, draining.In this research, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae grow seedlings in the planting base of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, promptly grow seedlings on the spot, selected house next door, opposite side that one row big white poplar (being leeward ground) is arranged, the seedbed district is near the main drain.In early-stage Study,, occurred tearing the situation of collapsing with frame because of strong wind causes film owing to do not consider windproof problem.
(2), Facilities Construction and seedling medium are prepared
Booth (or middle canopy): designed two kinds of patterns of growing seedlings of plastic tunnel (greenhouse by solar heat) and middle canopy, the frame material of booth has adopted two kinds in steelframe and bamboo wood, and middle canopy adopts bamboo chip to curve arch.The wide 3.5m of booth, length is 27m by the length decision in plot.The middle wide 1.3m of canopy, long 20m.Do arch with bamboo, sagitta 70cm, arch spacing 60cm.Spacing 30cm between the spacing 50cm between two booths, two middle canopies has the drain ditch between two canopies.Booth canopy film adopts the special-purpose film of the low temperature resistant and ultraviolet plateau of energy booth, middle canopy general thin, but normal film just began fragmentation in 1 year, can only use 1 year.Bamboo wood cost is lower, but firm degree and durability are relatively poor.It is 50% black sunshade net that shading rate all will be settled in booth or middle canopy top.
The bed of growing seedlings: for ease of operation with draw materials conveniently, the seedbed is with brick, the wide 100cm of internal diameter, length is decided according to booth length, has designed the dark 20cm of bed and two kinds of specifications of 30cm, and it is laid the thick cobble of 5cm and do not spread cobble down, re-lay seedling medium, design stromal thickness 10cm and 20cm.Each seedbed spacing 30～40cm.
Through test for many years, comprehensive Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae growth of seedling habit and cost, the dark 20cm of bed, 5cm cobble, matrix 10cm promptly can satisfy the growth of seedling needs.
Grow seedlings frame and seedling-cultivating tray: the multiple field frame of growing seedlings is 3～4 layers, is material with steelframe or bamboo wood, the long 1.5～2.0cm of frame, wide 52cm, interlamellar spacing 35～40cm.Place seedling-cultivating tray on the frame.Seedling-cultivating tray is square position or cave dish, square position length * wide * height=52 * 28 * 8cm, and cave dish length and width are identical with the square position, and the hole gauge lattice of growing seedlings are 4 * 8 (4 row, every row 8 caves), totally 32 caves.
Seedling medium: be the cow dung+garden mould that becomes thoroughly decomposed, volume ratio: 1～2: 1.
(3), seed is selected:
The fritillaria cirrhosa seeds that is used to grow seedlings is the shape of falling an ovum triangle, is bright yellowish-brown, the heavy 1.4g～2.0g of dry granular, and sowing is handled through after-ripening earlier with seed, and germination rate is more than 75%.
Illustrate: the heavy index of the dry granular here is meant the cultivation fritillaria cirrhosa seeds, and this value is the mean value of multiple years data; If the seed of wild Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, dry granular is heavy then much lower.
This step " seed selection " can above-mentioned steps (1) " select " and (2) " Facilities Construction and seedling medium are prepared " with growing seedlings before or afterwards or between carry out any the time.
(4), sowing
Sowing time: March in spring.Sowing is divided into seeding in nursery bed and seedling-cultivating tray sowing.
Seeding in nursery bed adopts trench sowing, and ditch is apart from 10cm, and every ditch is sowed about 200; The cave dish is by the program request of 10～13/cave; The square position is by 2285～2971/m
2Broadcast the back and cover matrix, thickness is 0.5～0.8cm.
After planting use 50% thiophanate methyl (thiophanate-methyl) or 50% carbendazol wettable powder to convert 800 times in water, spray with watering can, it is evenly thoughtful that watering is wanted, and irrigates with matrix, and the surface is not exposed seed and is degree.
(5), management
The management main points are light, temperature, water coordination, and in three factors, its importance is followed successively by temperature, moisture, illumination.Temperature is primary limiting factor, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae seedling non-refractory, and the too high meeting of temperature causes the growth of seedling obstacle, death when serious; Next is a moisture, and the very few growth of seedling that all can cause of excess moisture is bad, and bulb is grown irregular.
Daily management: the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae growth of seedling need suit to shade and temperature, and shading rate is about 50% better, and temperature of shed is advisable with 15～20 ℃, is no more than 25 ℃, and noon, solar radiation sharply raise temperature of shed, noted opening the canopy film at any time and ventilated.Water supply in media management is advisable with semi-wet, shoals dry can watering with the matrix color of the 3cm degree of depth.
Draining: will check between canopy behind the rain summer, drain ditch all around, keep the primary and secondary drain ditch unimpeded, must not there be ponding the nursery garden.
Diseases prevention:,, spray 2～3 times 10 days at interval when coming up about 1cm with above-mentioned medicament and concentration (50% thiophanate methyl or 50% carbendazol wettable powder are converted 800 times in water).Notice that at ordinary times taking off film ventilates, keep the dry disease that reduces of native surface drying to take place.
Fertilising: fertilizer sprays with solution state, applies with watering, and uses once every 10～15 days.Use kind and concentration: urea 1%-3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%-0.5%.
(6), go out the garden:
Mid or late August, yellow leaf falls behind the seedling, begins to excavate, and the bulb that digs out and river sand etc. are mixed storage, carries out seed afterripening to handle;
3 results of study
3.1 sowing in the field, open country are grown seedlings and grow seedlings comparative studies with protecting
Sowing in the field, the open country towering following table 1 of comparative studies result of growing seedlings and grow seedlings with protecting.
Table 1 difference is grown seedlings under the pattern Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae emergence rate and growth indexes relatively
Illustrate: seedling-growing time is to observe the time that the minority fritillaria cirrhosa seeds comes up; Emergence rate is meant when seedling all sprouts substantially, seedling number and the percentage of sowing number; The bulb rate refers to when falling the seedling in autumn bulb number of excavating and the percentage of sowing number.
As known from Table 1, grow seedlings seedling-growing time, the emergence rate of pattern Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae of difference has very big-difference to the bulb rate in autumn.Grow seedlings to protection and emerge the earliest, emergence rate is the highest, and autumn, the bulb rate was the highest, and the land for growing field crops is the poorest.Protection the emergence rate of growing seedlings be 2.19 times of open country, 4.44 times of land for growing field crops; Protection the bulb rate of growing seedlings be 4.28 times of open country, 7.48 times of land for growing field crops.Find under study for action, the climate variability on Chuan Xi plateau, mostly be in 4～May that the sun is shining, but ice and snow weather is often arranged also simultaneously, grow seedlings owing to the protective effect of plastic film and sunshade net to protection, growth of seedling is good, and open country is grown seedlings because influences such as the rain that is subjected to, snow, arids, emergence rate descends, and the bulb rate decreases; The sowing in the field effect is the poorest, except that weather effect, also is subjected to influences such as soil, weeds, insect's food-taking, so emergence rate, bulb rate are minimum.
3.2 different seedling medium researchs
The design seedling medium has river sand, garden mould, cow dung+garden mould, cow dung totally 4 kinds of matrix.Garden mould removes foreign material such as stone grass roots for fetching earth on the spot, and cow dung is a local Tibetan family cow dung, because culturing custom, Tibetan are different from interior ground, cow dung is actually the mixture of cow dung and soil, and the cow dung stack retting of purchase is more than 1 year, re-uses after being the state that becomes thoroughly decomposed fully.
Different seedling medium results of study are stated table 2 as follows.
Table 2 Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae seedling growth indexes in different seedling mediums compares
Annotate: in the above-mentioned table 2, the capitalization expression is extremely remarkable, and small letter is represented significantly.Capitalization expression a=0.01 level, small letter is on the a=0.05 level, A, a represent the maximum average value of this level respectively, below each mean by comparison, difference is the remarkable same alphabetical a of mark, on the contrary mark b then; Mean with b institute mark is standard again, with the top than its big each mean relatively, difference is remarkable mark b, on the contrary mark c then, by that analogy.
As known from Table 2, from cotyledon length, bulb width, bulb length, complete stool fresh weight and 5 growth indexes of complete stool dry weight in general, grow into 90 days Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, what effect was best is cow dung matrix, and cow dung+garden mould takes second place, garden mould once more, river sand is the poorest.Cow dung is good organic manure, and nutrient is comprehensively abundant, and is loose, because Tibetan's cow dung is not full cow dung, but the mixture of cow dung and soil becomes natural " nutrition soil ", can supply with the required nutrient of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae growth of seedling.Though river sand is loose ventilative, lacks nutrient, seedling nutrient accumulation wretched insufficiency is so the seedling dry weight is minimum.
3.3 different seedling-cultivating method (grow seedlings bed and seedling-cultivating tray) research.
Different seedling-cultivating method results of study are stated table 3 as follows.
The different seedling-cultivating method researchs of table 3 Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
As known from Table 3, adopt grow seedlings bed and seedling-cultivating tray to grow seedlings, the data of its seedling-growing time, emergence rate, bulb rate are similar, illustrate that two kinds of methods are all feasible.Difference is: seedling-cultivating tray can be placed in layering, increases seedlings growing area, and seedling-cultivating tray is more convenient for reclaiming bulb and factorial seedling growth from now on, but correspondingly increased the spending of frame and seedling-cultivating tray of growing seedlings, and the bed of growing seedlings is brick, cost is lower, but seedlings growing area is limited, promptly cuts both ways.
Claims (8)
1. protection ground, the plateau of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae seedling-cultivating method mainly comprises and grows seedlings that ground selection, Facilities Construction and seedling medium are prepared, the garden is selected, sowed, manages, goes out to seed; Each step concrete operations is as follows:
(1), selects with growing seedlings
Fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is chosen in original producton location or genuine producing region with growing seedlings, carries out and grows seedlings on the spot; Select lee side, and the designing and arranging water system;
(2), Facilities Construction and seedling medium are prepared
The key facility construction comprises: booth or middle canopy construction, grow seedlings bed construction, grow seedlings frame and seedling-cultivating tray construction;
Seedling medium is prepared: adopt the cow dung+garden mould that becomes thoroughly decomposed as seedling medium, the two volume ratio is: 1～2: 1; Perhaps directly adopt the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed as seedling medium;
(3), seed is selected
Selected shape is the shape of falling ovum triangle, be bright yellowish-brown, dry granular heavily is the fritillaria cirrhosa seeds of 1.4g～2.0g, carries out after-ripening before the sowing earlier and handles;
This step " seed selection " can above-mentioned steps (1) " select " and (2) " Facilities Construction and seedling medium are prepared " with growing seedlings before or afterwards or between carry out any the time;
(4), sowing
Sowing time: March in spring; Employing sowing in bed kind or the seedling-cultivating tray sowing of growing seedlings;
The sowing in bed kind of growing seedlings adopts trench sowing, and ditch is apart from 8～10cm, and every ditch is sowed 180～290; The cave dish is by the program request of 10～13/cave; The square position is by 2285～2971/m
2Broadcast sowing; Broadcast the back and cover seedling medium, thickness is 0.4～0.8cm;
After planting convert 600～900 times in water with 50% thiophanate methyl or 50% carbendazol wettable powder is converted 600～900 times of sprinklings of water, irrigate with matrix, the surface is not exposed seed and is degree;
(5), management
Daily management: temperature of shed is 15～25 ℃, notes opening the canopy film when temperature is too high and ventilates; Water management with the seedling medium color of the 3cm degree of depth shoal, dry can watering;
Draining: check the drain ditch behind the rain, keep the drain ditch unimpeded, no ponding;
Diseases prevention: as the 0.8～1.2cm that comes up, convert 600～900 times in water, spray 2～3 times, each 10～15 days at interval with 600～900 times of 50% thiophanate methyls or 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Notice that at ordinary times taking off film ventilates, and keeps native surface drying dry;
Fertilising: fertilizer sprays with the mixed solution of nitrogen phosphorus potassium, applies with watering, and fertilising in 10～15 days once at interval;
(6), go out the garden:
Mid or late August, yellow leaf falls behind the seedling, can excavate out the garden.
2. the ground seedling-cultivating method is protected on the plateau of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (2) " Facilities Construction and seedling medium are prepared ", booth or middle canopy construction are carried out according to following method respectively:
Booth is built: wide 3.5～6.0m, long 30～40m, sagitta 1.8～2.4m; Spacing 40～60cm between two booths; Adopt steelframe booth or bamboo-wood structure booth, the canopy film adopts can anti-intensive ultraviolet and the material of cryogenic conditions;
Middle canopy construction: wide 1.2～1.5m, long 20～30m, sagitta 60～80cm, arch spacing 50～60cm, spacing 25～40cm between two middle canopies; Bamboo-wood structure or steel frame construction; The canopy film adopts can anti-intensive ultraviolet and the material or the normal film of cryogenic conditions;
Between two canopies drain ditch is set;
Arrangement shading rate in canopy top is 45～55% sunshade net.
3. the ground seedling-cultivating method is protected on the plateau of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (2) " Facilities Construction and seedling medium are prepared ", the bed construction of growing seedlings is carried out according to following method:
Wide 100～the 120cm of seedbed internal diameter, length is decided according to booth or middle canopy length, and bedside can be built by laying bricks or stones with brick or other material and be formed, dark 18～the 30cm of bed, it lays cobble, cobble thickness 5～10cm down, re-lay seedling medium on the cobble, seedling medium thickness 8～20cm; Each seedbed spacing 30～40cm.
4. the ground seedling-cultivating method is protected on the plateau of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (2) " Facilities Construction and seedling medium are prepared ", grow seedlings frame and seedling-cultivating tray construction are carried out according to following method:
Adopting the multiple field frame of growing seedlings, is material with steelframe or bamboo wood, the long 1.5～2.0cm of frame, wide 50～55cm, interlamellar spacing 35～40cm; Place seedling-cultivating tray on the frame; Seedling-cultivating tray can be square position or cave dish, square position length * wide * height=50～55 * 28～35 * 8～10cm, and cave dish length and width are identical with the square position, and the hole gauge lattice of growing seedlings are 4～6 row * 8～12 caves.
5. protection ground, the plateau of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 4 seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that: the described multiple field frame of growing seedlings is 3～4 layers.
6. the ground seedling-cultivating method is protected on the plateau of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (3) " seed selection ", the concrete grammar that seed is carried out the after-ripening processing is as follows:
Behind seed collection, mix with cow dung or river sand or fine earth immediately, according to cow dung or river sand or fine earth: the seed volume is to carry out at=2～5: 1; Keep humidity according to following method: to hold cow dung or river sand or fine earth, after unclamping, cow dung or river sand or fine earth can scatter naturally and be degree; To sowing, take out.
7. the ground seedling-cultivating method is protected on the plateau of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: in the described step (5) " management ", temperature of shed is 15～20 ℃.
8. the ground seedling-cultivating method is protected on the plateau of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: in the described step (5) " management "; the mixed solution of described nitrogen phosphorus potassium is that mass percent concentration is the mixed solution of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1%～3% urea and 0.3%～0.5%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100585442A CN101491191B (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2009-03-09 | High-land protection ground seedling-raising technique of sichuan fritillary bulb |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100585442A CN101491191B (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2009-03-09 | High-land protection ground seedling-raising technique of sichuan fritillary bulb |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101491191A CN101491191A (en) | 2009-07-29 |
| CN101491191B true CN101491191B (en) | 2010-12-08 |
Family
ID=40922122
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100585442A Expired - Fee Related CN101491191B (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2009-03-09 | High-land protection ground seedling-raising technique of sichuan fritillary bulb |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101491191B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101715708B (en) * | 2010-01-09 | 2011-06-01 | 孙明文 | Slope forest planting method |
| CN102617228B (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2014-01-15 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Mixed cultivation substrate for raising seedlings of cashew nut and preparation method thereof |
| CN102626025B (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2013-10-09 | 四川农业大学 | Method for semi-protected seedling cultivation of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae at low and medium altitudes |
| CN103109659A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-05-22 | 石河子农业科技开发研究中心 | Hybrid cotton hole-tray seedling raising, transplanting and seed production technology |
| CN104012334B (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2016-09-28 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | The slotting machine facility construction method that a kind of middle mountain China fir series of products is efficiently bred |
| CN103340076B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-02-25 | 薛刚 | Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN103601593B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-01-21 | 薛刚 | Humus soil substrate for planting bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae and preparation method of humus soil substrate |
| CN105145054A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-16 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Red bud Hemiboea seed spring and nursing method |
| CN106717779A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | A kind of method of Hupeh Fritillary Bulb industrial seedling rearing |
| CN108391551A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-08-14 | 芜湖欧标农业发展有限公司 | A kind of seedling in greenhouse method of pumila |
| CN108651249B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-05-19 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Three-dimensional seedling culture method for panax japonicus |
| CN110249743A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 四川迪菲特药业有限公司 | A kind of processing method of watt of cloth fritillaria kind bulb |
| CN110583412A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-20 | 大理白族自治州农业科学推广研究院 | Seedling raising method for fritillaria pallidiflora seeds |
| CN110881387A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-17 | 云南中烟新材料科技有限公司 | Wild tending method for gentiana pseudolarix |
| CN111386979A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-10 | 陕西锶长久中药材种植科技有限公司 | Seedling growing method of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae |
-
2009
- 2009-03-09 CN CN2009100585442A patent/CN101491191B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101491191A (en) | 2009-07-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101491191B (en) | High-land protection ground seedling-raising technique of sichuan fritillary bulb | |
| CN100579358C (en) | Method for cultivating multi-batch cress in greenhouse | |
| CN103348857A (en) | Method for planting pseudo-ginseng in high-altitude area | |
| CN102823401A (en) | Tie-to-tree dendrobium officinale cultivation method | |
| CN103329730B (en) | Cultivation method capable of preventing Angelica sinensis from premature bolting | |
| CN1922987A (en) | Multiple-ear rock lithocarpus glaber dwarfing rapid reproduction method | |
| CN104737752A (en) | Long yam low-labor intensity planting method suitable for mountainous area barren land | |
| CN101874447A (en) | Beach plum root cutting seeding method | |
| CN101438672B (en) | Method for cultivating bamboo in north area | |
| CN105075625A (en) | Thin-shelled walnut planting and maintaining method | |
| CN104663219A (en) | Imitating wild cultivation method for gastrodia elata | |
| CN104429785A (en) | High-quality and efficient golden bell tree seedling growing method | |
| CN104303753A (en) | Suspended Dioscorea polystachya cultivation method | |
| CN101548619B (en) | Breeding and field planting method of Himalayan purple jasmine | |
| CN108651180B (en) | Ecological cultivation technology for promoting fast growth of newly-built bamboo forest | |
| CN103125248B (en) | Cultivation method of organic ginseng | |
| CN102550271B (en) | Method for commercialized cultivation of container seedling of cold-resistant japanese cinnamon germplasm | |
| CN104737765A (en) | Container nursery method for thunberg lespedeza | |
| CN108738442B (en) | Tea-oil camellia forest soil curing system and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN102792831B (en) | High-efficiency rapid propagation technique for Chinese yew | |
| CN104106363A (en) | Cultivation method for schisandra chinensis | |
| CN103798054A (en) | High-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode for interplanting good mulberry with konjac | |
| CN113039989A (en) | Intelligent ecological planting method for changing selenium-rich orchard into soil and controlling grass in hilly and mountainous areas | |
| CN104904555A (en) | Bonsai manufacturing method of seedling red maple | |
| CN101904293B (en) | Sacsaoul seedling cultural method under production condition of construction agriculture |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20101208 Termination date: 20140309 |