CN104303753A - Suspended Dioscorea polystachya cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a suspended Dioscorea polystachya cultivation method and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The invention relates to a Dioscorea polystachya cultivation method aiming at parcels, including cultivated land and young forest land, which are poor in soil, contain a lot of gravel, are irregular, and are inconvenient for mechanized planting and harvesting. The method comprises the following steps: performing off-season seedling on Dioscorea polystachya bulbils by utilizing a special feeding block with holes to realize early spring transplanting; excavating the raw soil layer of Dioscorea polystachya cultivation land to form a U-shaped trench which is more than 900mm deep; laying a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) strainer pipe in the U-shaped trench and stacking multiple layers of hollow bricks in a block by block manner to form holes exceeding 900mm; moving Dioscorea polystachya seedlings to the upward side of the vertical holes formed in the hollow bricks, and then, ridging and burying by the reserved soil of a plough layer, and performing a method for recovering Dioscorea polystachya young plants and a method for maintaining the holes. According to the method disclosed by the invention, not only are the sufficient nutrition and breath of the Dioscorea polystachya ensured but also plant diseases and insect pests and appearance variation are greatly avoided, and the product consistency and the product quality are greatly improved.

Description

The long Chinese yam cultivation method of a kind of hanging type

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of Chinese yam, be specifically related to a kind of long yam planting method being applicable to barren soil.

Background technology

Chinese yam, is often referred to Chang Mount medicine, is Chinese and that many countries are traditional stem tuber vegetables.Long yam planting is the traditional source of finance of many hill farmers, but the industrialization that China is advancing rapidly and urbanization, with the structure of labour force and the attitude to labour that thoroughly will change mountainous rural area, the planting type that grows wild that greatly can reduce labour intensity is just being generally used.

Chang Mount medicine, formal name used at school Dioscorea polystachya, having another name called Chinese yam rhizome, Chinese yam, Chinese yam, field potato, Buddhist palm potato etc., is a main category of Chinese yam, plant classification is: vegetative kingdom, Angiospermae, Monocotyledonae, Dioscoreales, Dioscoreaceae, Dioscorea (Dioscorea, comprises Chinese yam, fragrant taro etc., and part kind is commonly called as Yam).

According to morphological feature, Chinese yam idioplasm resource is divided into 4 large kinds by horticulture: Chang Mount medicine (Dioscorea polystachya), Dioscarea persimilis Prain et Burkill. (Dioscorea persimilis), mountain potato (Dioscorea fordii) and ginseng potato (Dioscorea alata).The Chinese yam of this 4 type differs greatly in leaf portion and underground tuber's characters, is easy to distinguish.

Chang Mount medicine is also commonly called as Chinese yam, Chinese yam system (Dioscorea opposita), perennial winding liana, and underground is cylindrical meat stem tuber, and not etc., not etc., quality 300-3000g is not etc. for long 50-150cm for typical diameters 2-10cm.Representational as Shanxipingyao's Chang Mount medicine, Jiaozhuo, Henan iron rod yam, Jiaxiang, Shandong fine, soft fur Chang Mount medicine, Yunnan sieve time Chinese yam etc.The vegetables column Chang Mount medicine that emphasis pin of the present invention is representative with Shanxipingyao's Chang Mount medicine, Jiaxiang, Shandong fine, soft fur Chang Mount medicine, Yunnan sieve time Chinese yam etc.

Chang Mount medicine is distributed widely in the ground such as (height above sea level 150-850 rice) on the south China northeast, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Huaihe River, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang (height above sea level 450-1000 rice), Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, In Northern Guangxi, Guizhou, Eastern Yunnan the north (height above sea level 1500-2500 rice), Sichuan (height above sea level 500-700 rice), In Eastern Gansu (height above sea level 950-1100 rice), Southern Shaanxi (height above sea level 350-1500 rice).Also there are distribution in Korea, Japan.

Chang Mount medicine stem tuber is medicine-food two-purpose food materials, important stem tuber vegetables, also be the local speciality in particularly mountain area, multiple Far-away Backward Areas, more famous has Ya'an Sichuan province Erlongshan Mountains Chinese yam, From Anshun of Guizhou Chinese yam, Yunnan sieve time Chinese yam, Yaoan, Yunnan Chinese yam, Feng County, Jiangsu Chinese yam, Guannan, Jiangsu Chinese yam rhizome, Ruichang, Jiangxi Chinese yam, Gaoyang, Gaoyang, Hebei fiber crops Chinese yam, the white Chinese yam in Anping, Hebei, Lixian County, Hebei fiber crops Chinese yam, Jiaozhuo, Henan Huai Chinese yam, Henan temperature line iron rod yam, Xiangyang, Hubei Chinese yam, Lichuan County, Hubei Chinese yam, state, Weihe River Basin, shaanxi Province Nanhua Chinese yam, Pishan Chinese yam and Pingliang, Gansu Chinese yam etc.

Chinese yam contains the mineral element such as abundant starch, vitamin and phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, potassium, is all-ages nutriment.Meanwhile, Chinese yam also has the functions such as invigorating the spleen, kidney tonifying, benefit essence, and, poor appetite, diabetes weakness of the spleen and the stomach to animal and human, constipation etc. have certain curative effect.

Chinese yam, also grain also dish, be China traditional important foodstuffs source, concern state food safety.From 2009, National agricultural portion, the Ministry of Finance started to promote " research of Chinese yam rhizome efficiency cultivation technology for high and demonstration " plan, and " northing is planted in south, and north is planted and moved westwards " strategy is wherein affirmed in the industry, and industrialization process enters fast traffic lane.

Chang Mount medicine belongs to high temperature short-day plant, and preference temperature is 20-30 DEG C, do not bloom for less than 15 DEG C, and 10 DEG C of stem tubers can rudiment.Chang Mount medicine happiness light, cold resistance is poor, should grow in good in draining, loose fertile soil.The tradition of Chang Mount medicine is planted large more options sandy loam and is ploughed.

Traditional long yam planting utilizes Chinese yam young plant to do seedling.Chinese yam young plant comprises the young plant be bred as by bulbil the first year, or the halter young plant under cutting out when results Chinese yam eats stem tuber, or from the silently young plant the sanction of Chinese yam stem tuber top, all belongs to vegetative propagation.

Traditional Chang Mount medicine eats the sandy loam of stem tuber plantation general selection soil depth more than 1 meter, to dig the traditional planting technology of zanjon.High except dropping into threshold, outside cost height, such soil is also extremely rare, and not only cost is quick ascendant trend, realize scale plantation, and most area is almost optional without ground.On the other hand, non-staple food grain producing region, particularly backward area, stay-at-home women, old man have become the labour being mainly engaged in plant husbandry, and the intensity of work quality and suitable work all decreases sharply, and are also difficult to deep-cut with adapting to traditional Chinese yam gather with Chinese yam.

There is labour intensity greatly in the development of tradition Chang Mount medicine, particularly excavate difficulty greatly, production cost is high, the problem of finished product uniformity difference always; Selection of land condition is harsh, can be optionally rare, and corresponding cost of land height is also the key factor of restriction development; Go up fast in the price of labour power, staple food grain land used is increasingly well sold and in short supply, and market is further harsh instantly to the uniformity of Chinese yam finished product, how to realize low cost low labour intensity production Chang Mount medicine and becomes further important.

Disclose a lot about the innovation implantation methods of Chang Mount medicine in existing document, such as holing cultivating, sleeve pipe cultivation, cellar for storing things formula cultivation, soilless culture, the cultivation of unsettled method etc., but these culture techniques are all subject to the restriction of certain condition, to the restriction of soil alternative condition too much, require too high to facilities and equipment, or seedling growing process was required severe, or required tight to labour's attainment, be not suitable for very much at wide geographic area, particularly outlying backward mountainous areas spread.

In addition, traditional yam planting utilizes Chinese yam young plant to do seedling.Halter young plant under cutting out when Chinese yam young plant comprises the young plant, the results Chinese yam stem tuber that are bred as by bulbil the first year, the silently young plant from the sanction of Chinese yam stem tuber top, its common feature is that reproductive speed is low, and be unfavorable for breeding Rapid Popularization, cost also remains high.

The tendril of one strain Chinese yam can produce then usually the bulbil that 15-30 grain differs in size, original reproductive speed or desirable, but because bulbil has dormant trait, the first year traditional approach sow by bulbil, can grow up to then " the little Chinese yam " of 30-300 gram, this " little Chinese yam " is exactly the young plant in the coming year, is the growth that Chinese yam is early stage, particularly early stage long root, take out and climingly provide nutrition and moisture supply.

Experiment proves, bulbil head is larger, and land fertility is better, or thin planting as far as possible, and the head of " little Chinese yam " (young plant) produced the first year is larger, and the Chinese yam seedling in the coming year is also more strong, but this result also in cost increase, and timeliness is also barely satisfactory.

Containing a kind of special material---batatasins in bulbil, be that other parts of Chinese yam are unexistent.Batatasins also only just has in the skin of bulbil, and this material is to Developing restraint and promote that the effect of dormancy is very strong.Though bulbil is grown up to by the metamorphosis of ground axillalry bud, it has to pass through lamination and could sprout.After cortex maturation, batatasins polymerization amount is maximum; The bulbil of complete dormancy, along with the prolongation content of Stratification time reduces.Therefore, the bulbil of freshly harvested, can not work as kind of a use.

Therefore how overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art is problems that current yam cultivation technical field needs solution badly.

 

Summary of the invention

The present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of hanging type long Chinese yam cultivation method, the method gives full play to the biological nature of Chang Mount medicine, adopts made safe controllable environment and brand-new planting type and theory, achieves the stable high yield of Chinese yam under low cost condition.

The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

The long Chinese yam cultivation method of a kind of hanging type, comprises the steps:

A, utilize nutritive cube to eat stem tuber nursery to made from Chinese yam bulbil or Chinese yam, obtain the seedling of alternative traditional Chinese yam young plant;

B, the soil selecting suitable potato to grow, and it is prepared, push the dark plow layer for 28-32cm aside, then cutting depth is 900-950mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 400-420mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, drainpipe aperture 2-3cm;

D, by heap modular system stack multi-layer hollow brick, hollow brick aperture align, height of formation is more than 900 millimeters of holes;

Above the vertical hole that e, the seedling frame that obtained by step a are formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, carries out conventional built, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control during cultivation;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

After the lower Chinese yam stem tuber of g, sanction, in nutritive cube, extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization in the other direction;

H, safeguard to extend service life to artificial hole.

The nutritive cube that utilizes in technical solution of the present invention described in step a takes nutritive cube in greenhouse kind nursery when to eat stem tuber nursery be early spring to made from Chinese yam bulbil or Chinese yam, frost season one excessively wipes out its tendril and directly transplants, its root system is directly utilized to enter commodity Chinese yam vegetative period, this not only can reduce costs, also add the vegetative period of edible Chinese yam stem tuber, improve quality, and be conducive to producing Chinese yam supply market wrong season.This also can accelerate breeding reproductive speed greatly.

Common nutritive cube is the alms bowl shape thing cultivating crop seedling containing more nutriment ﹑.After mixing according to a certain percentage with earth or Ni Tan ﹑ fertilizer and water etc., put into soil-block forming device tool and make; Also useful plastic grain forms through blowing processing and fabricating.

Nutritive cube described in technical solution of the present invention is corrosion-resistant, degradable, firm and durable plastic nutritional alms bowl, nutritive cube carries out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, bottom is cutting in chrysanthemum shape, it is 0.9-1.1cm hole that side opens 10-14 diameter at random, is beneficial to Chinese yam main management and supports coring growth and knot potato; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium, and during nursery, every strain Chinese yam seedling need adopt 8-10g special fertilizer for potatoes.

For ensureing that nursery stage three months forms sufficient root system development, the model of nutritive cube size Selection bore × be highly about 120 × 150mm.

Concrete seedling-cultivating method is as follows:

The seedling-cultivating method eating stem tuber to Chinese yam is select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 119-121 × 149-151mm to eat stem tuber to Chinese yam to nurse young plants in hothouses, artificial germination before nursery, adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 8g; Seedling raise period is when after the frost of end, 80% tendril length is for 9-12cm;

Be select bore × highly to be that the nutritive cube of 99-101 × 138-142mm is nursed young plants in hothouses to bulbil to the seedling-cultivating method of made from Chinese yam bulbil, bulbil dormancy is manually broken and vernalization before nursery, adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 10g; Seedling raise period is when after the frost of end, 80% tendril length is for 9-12cm.

Directly utilize its root system of above-mentioned incubation Chinese yam seedling to enter commodity Chinese yam vegetative period, this not only can reduce costs, and also add the vegetative period of edible Chinese yam stem tuber, improves quality, and is conducive to producing Chinese yam supply market wrong season.

The present invention needs nutritive cube to have certain intensity when transplanting.Before climing rattan maturation, namely play a supportive role at artificial hole upper end the first two months after transplanting, ensure again generally have tens main feeding roots to extend to nutritive cube smoothly external, and can enter smoothly in artificial hole, so nutritive cube will carry out cutting and perforate in side and bottom during knot potato.

High-land is chosen in soil in technical solution of the present invention described in step b, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the plot of hidding and sunny side, then arranges plow layer, picks de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, and the mold overweight to viscosity is mixed husky to reach the degree of applicable farming, does not encourage to deep-cut comprehensively.

It is before frost and snow arrives then that soil in technical solution of the present invention described in step b prepares concrete steps, by row spacing 2m by plow layer loam ridging, exposes the wide raw soil layer of 0.9-1.1m; Survey soil is carried out to the soil layer of plow layer ridging and joins fertilizer, and carry out tedding sterilizing pesticide.

Peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out in steps d in technical solution of the present invention, remaining soil is mixed into plow layer soil after sorting out stone.

Hollow brick in technical solution of the present invention described in steps d is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is single hole or diplopore, aperture 10-12cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 1.5-4.5MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 5-15mm is made.

The concrete hollow block that this soft clay haydite is made is called Haydite bricks, and it has light weight, the advantage such as high-strength, heat insulation, moistureproof, and being not only desirable construction material, is also the ideal material manually manufacturing Chinese yam hole growing environment.

Stack method manufacture of intraocular hole with ceramsite hollow bricks building block system, draining, ventilative, insulation, environmental protection, damages and easily repairs, and can be used for laying field road, or builds field bund for code, can be used for sandy land after pulverizing after breakage, is conducive to arable land ecology protection.

When the concrete hollow block man hole utilizing soft clay haydite to make, consistency from top to bottom, building block system is stacked, and does not need bonding, does not also need airtight, ensures upper end a little more than raw soil layer ground in case stream soil enters in hole.

For avoiding flattening blocking drainpipe, after completing drainpipe, before piling up hollow brick, earth or sandstone can be filled out in drainpipe both sides, then piling up hollow brick.

The growth of Chinese yam stem tuber needs sufficient breathing, needs to grow under draining good environment.Settling mode of the present invention is, bottom the U-shaped trench excavated, lays a PVC perforated pipe, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet, and during to ensure waterlogging occurs, the ponding in the hole that hollow brick is formed can be got rid of at short notice.

Nutritive cube residue is got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated extract Chinese yam halter young plant in nutritive cube after by the opposite direction in technical solution of the present invention described in step g, avoids hole to be clogged by surface dust, uses in order to the coming year again.

The method safeguarded artificial hole in technical solution of the present invention, before carrying out step e operation the coming year, draws out sand foreign material in hollow brick hole, change badly damaged hollow brick, and then carry out new round plantation with instrument.

In technical solution of the present invention, the further preferably described long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type, comprises the steps:

A, select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 100 × 140mm, carry out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, bottom is the cutting of chrysanthemum shape, and side opens 12 diameter 1cm holes at random; Lunar calendar the tenth day of lunar month in the first month of the lunar year takes nutritive cube to nurse young plants in hothouses to sieve time made from Chinese yam bulbil, artificial breaking dormancy before nursery vernalization, and adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 9g; Seedling raise period be lunar calendar Clear and Bright rear 80% tendril long for 9-12cm time; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium;

B, selection high-land, irrigation and drainage are conveniently, hidding and sunny side is suitable for the soil of potato growth, lunar calendar twelfth month, arranges it, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, clay will mix sand, then press row spacing 2m by topsoil ridging, push the dark plow layer for 28-32cm aside, expose the wide raw soil layer of 0.9-1.1m; The soil layer of plow layer ridging is mixed thoroughly by soil and farmyard manure 2:1, carries out tedding sterilizing pesticide; Cutting depth is 900-950mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 400-420mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, aperture 1.5cm, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet;

D, above ditch internal drainage pipe, pile up high hollow brick one row of four layers of 220-240mm by heap modular system code, align in hollow brick aperture, form the artificial vertical hole of more than the 900mm degree of depth, then peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, plow layer soil is mixed into after remaining soil sorts out stone, every mu forms row row spacing 2m, the vertical hole of spacing in the rows 200mm, and density reaches every mu of 8410 strains; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is diplopore, aperture 10-12cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 1.5-4.5MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 5-15mm is made;

After e, lunar calendar Clear and Bright, the seedling obtained by step a is wiped out above the vertical hole that the direct transplantation frame of long tendril formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, according to topography and geomorphology, carry out conventional built during cultivation, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

G, cut out lower Chinese yam stem tuber after extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization from nutritive cube in the other direction, smoothly nutritive cube residue being got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated, avoiding hole to be fallen apart soil filling, in order to using again the coming year;

H, the coming year draw out sand foreign material in hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, carry out new round plantation.

In technical solution of the present invention, the further preferably described long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type, comprises the steps:

A, select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 120 × 150mm to eat stem tuber to sieve time Chinese yam to nurse young plants in hothouses, nutritive cube carries out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, and bottom is the cutting of chrysanthemum shape, and side opens 11 diameter 1cm holes at random; Artificial germination before nursery, adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 9g; Seedling raise period be lunar calendar Clear and Bright rear 80% tendril long for 9-12cm time; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium;

B, selection high-land, irrigation and drainage are conveniently, hidding and sunny side is suitable for the soil of potato growth, lunar calendar twelfth month, arranges it, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, clay will mix sand, then press row spacing 2m by topsoil ridging, push the dark plow layer for 28-32cm aside, expose the wide raw soil layer of 0.9-1.1m; The soil layer of plow layer ridging is mixed thoroughly by soil and farmyard manure 2:1, carries out tedding sterilizing pesticide; Cutting depth is 900-950mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 400-420mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, aperture 1.5cm, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet;

D, above ditch internal drainage pipe, pile up high hollow brick one row of four layers of 220-240mm by heap modular system code, align in hollow brick aperture, form the artificial vertical hole of more than the 900mm degree of depth, then peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, plow layer soil is mixed into after remaining soil sorts out stone, every mu forms row row spacing 2m, the vertical hole of spacing in the rows 200mm, and density reaches every mu of 8410 strains; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is diplopore, aperture 10-12cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 1.5-4.5MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 5-15mm is made;

After e, lunar calendar Clear and Bright, the seedling obtained by step a is wiped out above the vertical hole that the direct transplantation frame of long tendril formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, according to topography and geomorphology, carry out conventional built during cultivation, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

G, cut out lower Chinese yam stem tuber after extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization from nutritive cube in the other direction, smoothly nutritive cube residue being got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated, avoiding hole to be fallen apart soil filling, in order to using again the coming year;

H, the coming year draw out sand foreign material in hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, carry out new round plantation.

compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:the inventive method is had a large population and a few land for south, can be used for plot barren, the easy flood mostly on yam planting ground, be not easy to the deficiency of mechanized operation, utilize the advantage that illumination is sufficient, precipitation is abundant, vegetative period is long, with the theory of industrialized agriculture, soil is arranged, forms made hole, and nursery is improved, achieve the target utilizing Chinese yam kind (bulbil) to generate then instead of generate edible Chinese yam stem tuber for traditional 2 years on the one hand, the fast numerous popularization of breeding is achieved; Achieve on the other hand that the stem tuber part of Chinese yam is unsettled to be grown in underground opening, both ensure that its sufficient nutrition is breathed, also largely avoided damage by disease and insect and profile variation, uniformity and the quality of product improve greatly:

Compare in general mountain region by section, the middle regions of the Yunnan Province, Yunnan traditional category sieve time Chinese yam, special advantage is:

Conventional densities is generally 4000-4500 strain, and the present invention can reach 8300-8500 strain;

Tradition output is average individual plant 600g, and difference of the present invention is little;

Tradition individual plant difference is large, and individual plant 95% is distributed in 300-1800g, and the present invention is distributed in 500-1200g;

Traditional homogeneity of product is poor, and severe bends, a trouble, damage by disease and insect rate are about 30-40%, 7-10% of the present invention;

It is serious that Traditional Method excavates infringement, digging disconnectedly to dig business and lead about 20-25%, 2-6% of the present invention.

In recent years popular punching is planted, utilize shallow raw groove plantation to compare, and These parameters is also obviously excellent.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.

Embodiment 1

The long Chinese yam cultivation method of a kind of hanging type, comprises the steps:

A, select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 99 × 138mm, carry out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, bottom is the cutting of chrysanthemum shape, and side opens 10 diameter 0.9cm holes at random; Lunar calendar the tenth day of lunar month in the first month of the lunar year takes nutritive cube to nurse young plants in hothouses to sieve time made from Chinese yam bulbil, artificial breaking dormancy before nursery vernalization, and adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 8g; Seedling raise period be lunar calendar Clear and Bright rear 80% tendril long for 9-12cm time; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium;

Conveniently, hidding and sunny side is suitable for the soil of potato growth, and lunar calendar twelfth month arranges it for b, selection high-land, irrigation and drainage, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, clay will mix sand, then presses row spacing 1.8m by topsoil ridging, push the dark plow layer for 28cm aside, expose the wide raw soil layer of 0.9m; The soil layer of plow layer ridging is mixed thoroughly by soil and farmyard manure 2:1, carries out tedding sterilizing pesticide; Cutting depth is 900mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 400mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, aperture 1cm, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet;

D, above ditch internal drainage pipe, pile up high hollow brick one row of four layers of 220-240mm by heap modular system code, align in hollow brick aperture, form the artificial vertical hole of more than the 900mm degree of depth, then peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, plow layer soil is mixed into after remaining soil sorts out stone, every mu forms row row spacing 1.8m, the vertical hole of spacing in the rows 200mm, and density reaches every mu of 8410 strains; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is diplopore, aperture 10cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 1.5MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 5mm is made;

After e, lunar calendar Clear and Bright, the seedling obtained by step a is wiped out above the vertical hole that the direct transplantation frame of long tendril formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, according to topography and geomorphology, carry out conventional built during cultivation, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

G, cut out lower Chinese yam stem tuber after extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization from nutritive cube in the other direction, smoothly nutritive cube residue being got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated, avoiding hole to be fallen apart soil filling, in order to using again the coming year;

H, the coming year draw out sand foreign material in aforementioned hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, carry out new round plantation.

Wherein, the concrete steps that the rich water described in step e is managed and protected are that Chinese yam emerges every 667m ²can be spreaded manuer in holes carbon ammonium 20kg and superphosphate 15kg; Enter tendril and potato block vegetative period, when underground stem tuber starts to expand rapidly, every 667m ²execute carbon ammonium 25kg, superphosphate 20kg and ash 50kg; The management of watering of Chinese yam, should note keeping ground moistening in the tuber growth phase of containing, not non-irrigated, does not fill with.

Described preventing disease pest control concrete steps are: get rid of climing before spray 300 times of zineb in basal part of stem, prevention anthracnose, later every 7 days spray medicines 1 time, spray 2 times; Mid-July, as heavy rain or cloudy weather for several days running, should fill spray immediately after it's clearing up; Mid-August, carry out diseases and pests controlling according to plant growing way and appearance, foliage-spray 1% urea and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, within every 10 days, spray once, continuous spraying 3 times is in case plant early ageing; Grub, cutworm, after three ages, the larva phoxim of 500 times 50% mixes fresh paulownia leaves poison bait in stacking at dusk, every 667m ²120 heaps, often pile 50 grams; Food sawfly should carry out integrated control according to its life habit: 1. meticulously eliminate winter pupa wholely; 2. improve field microclimate and alleviate the degree that causes harm; 3. larvae and eggs is catched and killed; 4. contain adult and send out phase and egg hatching height honeybee phase and add 20% with 90% trichlorphon, 1000 times of liquid and carry out clever 4 milliliters of good fortune and carry out foliar spray.

Embodiment 2

The long Chinese yam cultivation method of a kind of hanging type, comprises the steps:

A, select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 101 × 142mm, carry out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, bottom is the cutting of chrysanthemum shape, and side opens 14 diameter 1.1cm holes at random; Lunar calendar the tenth day of lunar month in the first month of the lunar year takes nutritive cube to nurse young plants in hothouses to sieve time made from Chinese yam bulbil, artificial breaking dormancy before nursery vernalization, and adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 10g; Seedling raise period be lunar calendar Clear and Bright rear 80% tendril long for 9-12cm time; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium;

Conveniently, hidding and sunny side is suitable for the soil of potato growth, and lunar calendar twelfth month arranges it for b, selection high-land, irrigation and drainage, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, clay will mix sand, then presses row spacing 2.2m by topsoil ridging, push the dark plow layer for 32cm aside, expose the wide raw soil layer of 1.1m; The soil layer of plow layer ridging is mixed thoroughly by soil and farmyard manure 2:1, carries out tedding sterilizing pesticide; Cutting depth is 950mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 420mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, aperture 3cm, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet;

D, above ditch internal drainage pipe, pile up high hollow brick one row of four layers of 220-240mm by heap modular system code, align in hollow brick aperture, form the artificial vertical hole of more than the 900mm degree of depth, then peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, plow layer soil is mixed into after remaining soil sorts out stone, every mu forms row row spacing 2m, the vertical hole of spacing in the rows 200mm, and density reaches every mu of 8410 strains; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is single hole, aperture 12cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 4.5MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 15mm is made;

After e, lunar calendar Clear and Bright, the seedling obtained by step a is wiped out above the vertical hole that the direct transplantation frame of long tendril formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, according to topography and geomorphology, carry out conventional built during cultivation, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

G, cut out lower Chinese yam stem tuber after extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization from nutritive cube in the other direction, smoothly nutritive cube residue being got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated, avoiding hole to be fallen apart soil filling, in order to using again the coming year;

H, the coming year draw out sand foreign material in aforementioned hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, carry out new round plantation.

Wherein, the concrete steps that the rich water described in step e is managed and protected are that Chinese yam emerges every 667m ²can be spreaded manuer in holes carbon ammonium 20kg and superphosphate 15kg; Enter tendril and potato block vegetative period, when underground stem tuber starts to expand rapidly, every 667m ²execute carbon ammonium 25kg, superphosphate 20kg and ash 50kg; The management of watering of Chinese yam, should note keeping ground moistening in the tuber growth phase of containing, not non-irrigated, does not fill with.

Described preventing disease pest control concrete steps are: get rid of climing before spray 300 times of zineb in basal part of stem, prevention anthracnose, later every 10 days spray medicines 1 time, spray 3 times; Mid-July, as heavy rain or cloudy weather for several days running, should fill spray immediately after it's clearing up; Mid-August, carry out diseases and pests controlling according to plant growing way and appearance, foliage-spray 1% urea and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, within every 10 days, spray once, continuous spraying 4 times is in case plant early ageing; Grub, cutworm, after three ages, the larva phoxim of 500 times 50% mixes fresh paulownia leaves poison bait in stacking at dusk, every 667m ²120 heaps, often pile 100 grams; Food sawfly should carry out integrated control according to its life habit: 1. meticulously eliminate winter pupa wholely; 2. improve field microclimate and alleviate the degree that causes harm; 3. larvae and eggs is catched and killed; 4. contain adult and send out phase and egg hatching height honeybee phase and add 20% with 90% trichlorphon, 1000 times of liquid and carry out clever 4 milliliters of good fortune and carry out foliar spray.

Embodiment 3

The long Chinese yam cultivation method of a kind of hanging type, comprises the steps:

A, select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 100 × 140mm, carry out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, bottom is the cutting of chrysanthemum shape, and side opens 12 diameter 1cm holes at random; Lunar calendar the tenth day of lunar month in the first month of the lunar year takes nutritive cube to nurse young plants in hothouses to sieve time made from Chinese yam bulbil, artificial breaking dormancy before nursery vernalization, and adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 9g; Seedling raise period be lunar calendar Clear and Bright rear 80% tendril long for 9-12cm time; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium;

Conveniently, hidding and sunny side is suitable for the soil of potato growth, and lunar calendar twelfth month arranges it for b, selection high-land, irrigation and drainage, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, clay will mix sand, then presses row spacing 2m by topsoil ridging, push the dark plow layer for 30cm aside, expose the wide raw soil layer of 1m; The soil layer of plow layer ridging is mixed thoroughly by soil and farmyard manure 2:1, carries out tedding sterilizing pesticide; Cutting depth is 920mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 410mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, aperture 1.5cm, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet;

D, above ditch internal drainage pipe, pile up high hollow brick one row of four layers of 220-240mm by heap modular system code, align in hollow brick aperture, form the artificial vertical hole of more than the 900mm degree of depth, then peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, plow layer soil is mixed into after remaining soil sorts out stone, every mu forms row row spacing 2m, the vertical hole of spacing in the rows 200mm, and density reaches every mu of 8410 strains; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is diplopore, aperture 11cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 3MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 7mm is made;

After e, lunar calendar Clear and Bright, the seedling obtained by step a is wiped out above the vertical hole that the direct transplantation frame of long tendril formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, according to topography and geomorphology, carry out conventional built during cultivation, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

G, cut out lower Chinese yam stem tuber after extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization from nutritive cube in the other direction, smoothly nutritive cube residue being got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated, avoiding hole to be fallen apart soil filling, in order to using again the coming year;

H, the coming year draw out sand foreign material in aforementioned hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, carry out new round plantation.

Wherein, the concrete steps that the rich water described in step e is managed and protected are that Chinese yam emerges every 667m ²can be spreaded manuer in holes carbon ammonium 20kg and superphosphate 15kg; Enter tendril and potato block vegetative period, when underground stem tuber starts to expand rapidly, every 667m ²execute carbon ammonium 25kg, superphosphate 20kg and ash 50kg; The management of watering of Chinese yam, should note keeping ground moistening in the tuber growth phase of containing, not non-irrigated, does not fill with.

Described preventing disease pest control concrete steps are: get rid of climing before spray 300 times of zineb in basal part of stem, prevention anthracnose, later every 8 days spray medicines 1 time, spray 2 times; Mid-July, as heavy rain or cloudy weather for several days running, should fill spray immediately after it's clearing up; Mid-August, carry out diseases and pests controlling according to plant growing way and appearance, foliage-spray 1% urea and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, within every 10 days, spray once, continuous spraying 3 times is in case plant early ageing; Grub, cutworm, after three ages, the larva phoxim of 500 times 50% mixes fresh paulownia leaves poison bait in stacking at dusk, every 667m ²120 heaps, often pile 77 grams; Food sawfly should carry out integrated control according to its life habit: 1. meticulously eliminate winter pupa wholely; 2. improve field microclimate and alleviate the degree that causes harm; 3. larvae and eggs is catched and killed; 4. contain adult and send out phase and egg hatching height honeybee phase and add 20% with 90% trichlorphon, 1000 times of liquid and carry out clever 4 milliliters of good fortune and carry out foliar spray.

 

Embodiment 4

The long Chinese yam cultivation method of a kind of hanging type, comprises the steps:

A, select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 119 × 149mm to eat stem tuber to sieve time Chinese yam to nurse young plants in hothouses, nutritive cube carries out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, and bottom is the cutting of chrysanthemum shape, and side opens 10 diameter 0.9cm holes at random; Artificial germination before nursery, adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 8g; Seedling raise period be lunar calendar Clear and Bright rear 80% tendril long for 9-12cm time; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium;

Conveniently, hidding and sunny side is suitable for the soil of potato growth, and lunar calendar twelfth month arranges it for b, selection high-land, irrigation and drainage, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, clay will mix sand, then presses row spacing 1.8m by topsoil ridging, push the dark plow layer for 28cm aside, expose the wide raw soil layer of 0.9m; The soil layer of plow layer ridging is mixed thoroughly by soil and farmyard manure 2:1, carries out tedding sterilizing pesticide; Cutting depth is 900mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 400mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, aperture 1cm, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet;

D, above ditch internal drainage pipe, pile up high hollow brick one row of four layers of 220-240mm by heap modular system code, align in hollow brick aperture, form the artificial vertical hole of more than the 900mm degree of depth, then peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, plow layer soil is mixed into after remaining soil sorts out stone, every mu forms row row spacing 2m, the vertical hole of spacing in the rows 200mm, and density reaches every mu of 8410 strains; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is single hole, aperture 10cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 1.5MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 5mm is made;

After e, lunar calendar Clear and Bright, the seedling obtained by step a is wiped out above the vertical hole that the direct transplantation frame of long tendril formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, according to topography and geomorphology, carry out conventional built during cultivation, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

G, cut out lower Chinese yam stem tuber after extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization from nutritive cube in the other direction, smoothly nutritive cube residue being got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated, avoiding hole to be fallen apart soil filling, in order to using again the coming year;

H, the coming year draw out sand foreign material in aforementioned hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, carry out new round plantation.

Wherein, the concrete steps that the rich water described in step g is managed and protected are that Chinese yam emerges every 667m ²can be spreaded manuer in holes carbon ammonium 20kg and superphosphate 15kg; Enter tendril and potato block vegetative period, when underground stem tuber starts to expand rapidly, every 667m ²execute carbon ammonium 25kg, superphosphate 20kg and ash 50kg; The management of watering of Chinese yam, should note keeping ground moistening in the tuber growth phase of containing, not non-irrigated, does not fill with.

Described preventing disease pest control concrete steps are: get rid of climing before spray 300 times of zineb in basal part of stem, prevention anthracnose, later every 7 days spray medicines 1 time, spray 2 times; Mid-July, as heavy rain or cloudy weather for several days running, should fill spray immediately after it's clearing up; Mid-August, carry out diseases and pests controlling according to plant growing way and appearance, foliage-spray 1% urea and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, within every 10 days, spray once, continuous spraying 3 times is in case plant early ageing; Grub, cutworm, after three ages, the larva phoxim of 500 times 50% mixes fresh paulownia leaves poison bait in stacking at dusk, every 667m ²120 heaps, often pile 50 grams; Food sawfly should carry out integrated control according to its life habit: 1. meticulously eliminate winter pupa wholely; 2. improve field microclimate and alleviate the degree that causes harm; 3. larvae and eggs is catched and killed; 4. contain adult and send out phase and egg hatching height honeybee phase and add 20% with 90% trichlorphon, 1000 times of liquid and carry out clever 4 milliliters of good fortune and carry out foliar spray.

Embodiment 5

The long Chinese yam cultivation method of a kind of hanging type, comprises the steps:

A, select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 121 × 151mm to eat stem tuber to sieve time Chinese yam to nurse young plants in hothouses, nutritive cube carries out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, and bottom is the cutting of chrysanthemum shape, and side opens 14 diameter 1.1cm holes at random; Artificial germination before nursery, adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 10g; Seedling raise period be lunar calendar Clear and Bright rear 80% tendril long for 9-12cm time; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium;

Conveniently, hidding and sunny side is suitable for the soil of potato growth, and lunar calendar twelfth month arranges it for b, selection high-land, irrigation and drainage, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, clay will mix sand, then presses row spacing 2.2m by topsoil ridging, push the dark plow layer for 32cm aside, expose the wide raw soil layer of 1.1m; The soil layer of plow layer ridging is mixed thoroughly by soil and farmyard manure 2:1, carries out tedding sterilizing pesticide; Cutting depth is 950mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 420mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, aperture 3cm, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet;

D, above ditch internal drainage pipe, pile up high hollow brick one row of four layers of 220-240mm by heap modular system code, align in hollow brick aperture, form the artificial vertical hole of more than the 900mm degree of depth, then peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, plow layer soil is mixed into after remaining soil sorts out stone, every mu forms row row spacing 2m, the vertical hole of spacing in the rows 200mm, and density reaches every mu of 8410 strains; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is diplopore, aperture 12cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 4.5MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 15mm is made;

After e, lunar calendar Clear and Bright, the seedling obtained by step a is wiped out above the vertical hole that the direct transplantation frame of long tendril formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, according to topography and geomorphology, carry out conventional built during cultivation, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

G, cut out lower Chinese yam stem tuber after extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization from nutritive cube in the other direction, smoothly nutritive cube residue being got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated, avoiding hole to be fallen apart soil filling, in order to using again the coming year;

H, the coming year draw out sand foreign material in aforementioned hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, carry out new round plantation.

Wherein, the concrete steps that the rich water described in step g is managed and protected are that Chinese yam emerges every 667m ²can be spreaded manuer in holes carbon ammonium 20kg and superphosphate 15kg; Enter tendril and potato block vegetative period, when underground stem tuber starts to expand rapidly, every 667m ²execute carbon ammonium 25kg, superphosphate 20kg and ash 50kg; The management of watering of Chinese yam, should note keeping ground moistening in the tuber growth phase of containing, not non-irrigated, does not fill with.

Described preventing disease pest control concrete steps are: get rid of climing before spray 300 times of zineb in basal part of stem, prevention anthracnose, later every 10 days spray medicines 1 time, spray 3 times; Mid-July, as heavy rain or cloudy weather for several days running, should fill spray immediately after it's clearing up; Mid-August, carry out diseases and pests controlling according to plant growing way and appearance, foliage-spray 1% urea and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, within every 10 days, spray once, continuous spraying 4 times is in case plant early ageing; Grub, cutworm, after three ages, the larva phoxim of 500 times 50% mixes fresh paulownia leaves poison bait in stacking at dusk, every 667m ²120 heaps, often pile 100 grams; Food sawfly should carry out integrated control according to its life habit: 1. meticulously eliminate winter pupa wholely; 2. improve field microclimate and alleviate the degree that causes harm; 3. larvae and eggs is catched and killed; 4. contain adult and send out phase and egg hatching height honeybee phase and add 20% with 90% trichlorphon, 1000 times of liquid and carry out clever 4 milliliters of good fortune and carry out foliar spray.

Embodiment 6

The long Chinese yam cultivation method of a kind of hanging type, comprises the steps:

A, select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 120 × 150mm to eat stem tuber to sieve time Chinese yam to nurse young plants in hothouses, nutritive cube carries out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, and bottom is the cutting of chrysanthemum shape, and side opens 11 diameter 1cm holes at random; Artificial germination before nursery, adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 9g; Seedling raise period be lunar calendar Clear and Bright rear 80% tendril long for 9-12cm time; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium;

Conveniently, hidding and sunny side is suitable for the soil of potato growth, and lunar calendar twelfth month arranges it for b, selection high-land, irrigation and drainage, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, clay will mix sand, then presses row spacing 2m by topsoil ridging, push the dark plow layer for 30cm aside, expose the wide raw soil layer of 1m; The soil layer of plow layer ridging is mixed thoroughly by soil and farmyard manure 2:1, carries out tedding sterilizing pesticide; Cutting depth is 920mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 410mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, aperture 1.5cm, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet;

D, above ditch internal drainage pipe, pile up high hollow brick one row of four layers of 220-240mm by heap modular system code, align in hollow brick aperture, form the artificial vertical hole of more than the 900mm degree of depth, then peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, plow layer soil is mixed into after remaining soil sorts out stone, every mu forms row row spacing 2m, the vertical hole of spacing in the rows 200mm, and density reaches every mu of 8410 strains; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is diplopore, aperture 11cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 3MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 7mm is made;

After e, lunar calendar Clear and Bright, the seedling obtained by step a is wiped out above the vertical hole that the direct transplantation frame of long tendril formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, according to topography and geomorphology, carry out conventional built during cultivation, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

G, cut out lower Chinese yam stem tuber after extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization from nutritive cube in the other direction, smoothly nutritive cube residue being got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated, avoiding hole to be fallen apart soil filling, in order to using again the coming year;

H, the coming year draw out sand foreign material in aforementioned hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, carry out new round plantation.

Wherein, the concrete steps that the rich water described in step e is managed and protected are that Chinese yam emerges every 667m ²can be spreaded manuer in holes carbon ammonium 20kg and superphosphate 15kg; Enter tendril and potato block vegetative period, when underground stem tuber starts to expand rapidly, every 667m ²execute carbon ammonium 25kg, superphosphate 20kg and ash 50kg; The management of watering of Chinese yam, should note keeping ground moistening in the tuber growth phase of containing, not non-irrigated, does not fill with.

Described preventing disease pest control concrete steps are: get rid of climing before spray 300 times of zineb in basal part of stem, prevention anthracnose, later every 8 days spray medicines 1 time, spray 2 times; Mid-July, as heavy rain or cloudy weather for several days running, should fill spray immediately after it's clearing up; Mid-August, carry out diseases and pests controlling according to plant growing way and appearance, foliage-spray 1% urea and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, within every 10 days, spray once, continuous spraying 3 times is in case plant early ageing; Grub, cutworm, after three ages, the larva phoxim of 500 times 50% mixes fresh paulownia leaves poison bait in stacking at dusk, every 667m ²120 heaps, often pile 77 grams; Food sawfly should carry out integrated control according to its life habit: 1. meticulously eliminate winter pupa wholely; 2. improve field microclimate and alleviate the degree that causes harm; 3. larvae and eggs is catched and killed; 4. contain adult and send out phase and egg hatching height honeybee phase and add 20% with 90% trichlorphon, 1000 times of liquid and carry out clever 4 milliliters of good fortune and carry out foliar spray.

?

the concrete performance of technical solution of the present invention:

One, implement ground

Dongzhou Period in Chuxiong Lufeng County Yi Pinglang town Zhong Xingjing villagers' committee

Xuanwei of Yunnan Province National agricultural demonstration area slab bridge seed multiplication farm

Two, people is implemented

Dongzhou Period in Chuxiong Lufeng County veteran mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo yam planting cooperative society

Xuanwei of Yunnan Province slab bridge seed multiplication farm

Three, kind

Sieve time Chinese yam, general girth diameter 6-15cm, the edible long 60-90cm of stem tuber, traditional per mu yield about 3 tons;

Sieve time Chinese yam, have another name called Roots Chinese yam, be the long yam variety of main product of Lufeng Yunnan Roots embankment, cultivation history is long, delicate satiny, the micro-delicate fragrance of taste of, meat large with individuality glutinous tender, of fine quality, measure large and known far and wide.

Document is had to record, bronze period, the clan tribal chief in the ancients of the Yi nationality, distributed over Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou---sieve portion and time portion is transplanted to wild yam on mountain in the fertile sandy loam of the new reclamation of wasteland, through over thousands of year artificial cultivation, optimum choice, to the fine quality cultivated during the Two Jins in Chinese yam, locals's ancient times is " axe is Chinese yam " or " oxtail Chinese yam ".

Nan Zhao period, namely in 96 years of 760-856 Christian era, Nan Zhao Wang Feng gal is different, different try to gain seek, advise the rich three generations of helping prince all marry the female that time solely brocade is rough sieve be prince wife, be after, sieve time Chinese yam obtains imperial family and to praise highly and famous.

Product group training giantreed washes the former seedling of root in Guilin.Guilin domestication giantreed cuttage seeding.

Four, area is implemented

Chinese yam 36 mu, wherein standard working-out field of planting cured tobacco crop rotation 10 mu, the hillside of suitable planting potato 26 mu.

Five, performance

Gather on September 1st, 2013 to survey and produce, its target supplied market before the Mid-autumn Festival, and traditional cultivation is more ripe than nearly 60 days in advance.

Six, effect assessment

Conventional densities is generally 4000-4500 strain, and the present invention can reach 8300-8500 strain;

Tradition output is average individual plant 600g, the average individual plant 582g of the present invention;

Tradition individual plant difference is large, and individual plant 95% is distributed in 300-1800g, and the present invention is distributed in 530-1160g;

Traditional homogeneity of product is poor, and severe bends, a trouble, damage by disease and insect rate are about 30-40%, 7-10% of the present invention;

It is serious that Traditional Method excavates infringement, digging disconnectedly to dig business and lead about 20-25%, 2-6% of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type, is characterized in that comprising the steps:

A, utilize nutritive cube to eat stem tuber nursery to made from Chinese yam bulbil or Chinese yam, obtain the seedling of alternative traditional Chinese yam young plant;

B, the soil selecting suitable potato to grow, and it is prepared, push the dark plow layer for 28-32cm aside, then cutting depth is 900-950mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 400-420mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, drainpipe aperture 2-3cm;

D, by heap modular system stack multi-layer hollow brick, hollow brick aperture align, height of formation is more than 900 millimeters of holes;

Above the vertical hole that e, the seedling frame that obtained by step a are formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, carries out conventional built, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control during cultivation;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

After the lower Chinese yam stem tuber of g, sanction, in nutritive cube, extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization in the other direction;

H, safeguard to extend service life to artificial hole.

2. the long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the nutritive cube that utilizes described in step a takes nutritive cube in greenhouse kind nursery when to eat stem tuber nursery be early spring to made from Chinese yam bulbil or Chinese yam, frost season one crosses and wipes out its tendril and directly transplant, and directly utilizes its root system to enter commodity Chinese yam vegetative period.

3. the long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described nutritive cube is corrosion-resistant degredation plastic nutritive cube, nutritive cube carries out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, bottom is cutting in chrysanthemum shape, and it is 0.9-1.1cm hole that side opens 10-14 diameter at random; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium, and during nursery, every strain Chinese yam seedling need use 8-10g special fertilizer for potatoes.

4. the long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type according to claim 2, is characterized in that:

The seedling-cultivating method eating stem tuber to Chinese yam is select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 119-121 × 149-151mm to eat stem tuber to Chinese yam to nurse young plants in hothouses, artificial germination before nursery, adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 8g; Seedling raise period is when after the frost of end, 80% tendril length is for 9-12cm;

Be select bore × highly to be that the nutritive cube of 99-101 × 138-142mm is nursed young plants in hothouses to bulbil to the seedling-cultivating method of made from Chinese yam bulbil, bulbil dormancy is manually broken and vernalization before nursery, adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 10g; Seedling raise period is when after the frost of end, 80% tendril length is for 9-12cm.

5. the long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that high-land, irrigation and drainage are chosen conveniently in the soil described in step b, the plot of hidding and sunny side, then plow layer is arranged, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, and the mold overweight to viscosity is mixed husky to reach the degree of applicable farming; It is before frost and snow arrives then that described soil prepares concrete steps, by row spacing 1.8-2.2m by plow layer loam ridging, exposes the wide raw soil layer of 0.9-1.1m; Survey soil is carried out to the soil layer of plow layer ridging and joins fertilizer, and carry out tedding sterilizing pesticide.

6. the long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in steps d peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, remaining soil is mixed into plow layer soil after sorting out stone; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is single hole or diplopore, aperture 10-12cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 1.5-4.5MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 5-15mm is made.

7. the long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type according to claim 1, after the opposite direction that it is characterized in that described in step g extracts Chinese yam halter young plant in nutritive cube, gets back into nutritive cube residue in the cell in hollow tile vacated.

8. the long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step h to the method that artificial hole is safeguarded be carry out step e operation the coming year before, draw out sand foreign material in hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, and then carry out new round plantation.

9. the long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:

A, select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 100 × 140mm, carry out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, bottom is the cutting of chrysanthemum shape, and side opens 12 diameter 1cm holes at random; Lunar calendar the tenth day of lunar month in the first month of the lunar year takes nutritive cube to nurse young plants in hothouses to sieve time made from Chinese yam bulbil, artificial breaking dormancy before nursery vernalization, and adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 9g; Seedling raise period be lunar calendar Clear and Bright rear 80% tendril long for 9-12cm time; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium;

B, selection high-land, irrigation and drainage are conveniently, hidding and sunny side is suitable for the soil of potato growth, lunar calendar twelfth month, arranges it, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, clay will mix sand, then press row spacing 2m by topsoil ridging, push the dark plow layer for 28-32cm aside, expose the wide raw soil layer of 0.9-1.1m; The soil layer of plow layer ridging is mixed thoroughly by soil and farmyard manure 2:1, carries out tedding sterilizing pesticide; Cutting depth is 900-950mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 400-420mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, aperture 1.5cm, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet;

D, above ditch internal drainage pipe, pile up high hollow brick one row of four layers of 220-240mm by heap modular system code, align in hollow brick aperture, form the artificial vertical hole of more than the 900mm degree of depth, then peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, plow layer soil is mixed into after remaining soil sorts out stone, every mu forms row row spacing 2m, the vertical hole of spacing in the rows 200mm, and density reaches every mu of 8410 strains; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is diplopore, aperture 10-12cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 1.5-4.5MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 5-15mm is made;

After e, lunar calendar Clear and Bright, the seedling obtained by step a is wiped out above the vertical hole that the direct transplantation frame of long tendril formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, according to topography and geomorphology, carry out conventional built during cultivation, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

G, cut out lower Chinese yam stem tuber after extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization from nutritive cube in the other direction, smoothly nutritive cube residue being got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated, avoiding hole to be fallen apart soil filling, in order to using again the coming year;

H, the coming year draw out sand foreign material in hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, carry out new round plantation.

10. the long Chinese yam cultivation method of hanging type according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:

A, select the nutritive cube of bore × be highly 120 × 150mm to eat stem tuber to sieve time Chinese yam to nurse young plants in hothouses, nutritive cube carries out cutting and perforate in side and bottom, and bottom is the cutting of chrysanthemum shape, and side opens 11 diameter 1cm holes at random; Artificial germination before nursery, adopt special fertilizer for potatoes during nursery, the usage amount of described special fertilizer for potatoes is every strain 9g; Seedling raise period be lunar calendar Clear and Bright rear 80% tendril long for 9-12cm time; Wherein, cultivation matrix adopts common seedling medium;

B, selection high-land, irrigation and drainage are conveniently, hidding and sunny side is suitable for the soil of potato growth, lunar calendar twelfth month, arranges it, pick de-stone block and the lump of earth hardened that ossifys, clay will mix sand, then press row spacing 2m by topsoil ridging, push the dark plow layer for 28-32cm aside, expose the wide raw soil layer of 0.9-1.1m; The soil layer of plow layer ridging is mixed thoroughly by soil and farmyard manure 2:1, carries out tedding sterilizing pesticide; Cutting depth is 900-950mm, and width is the U-shaped trench of 400-420mm, and topsoil is reserved for subsequent use;

The PVC plastic drainpipe of c, laying band micropore draining in ditch, aperture 1.5cm, and delivery port is imported to discharge outlet;

D, above ditch internal drainage pipe, pile up high hollow brick one row of four layers of 220-240mm by heap modular system code, align in hollow brick aperture, form the artificial vertical hole of more than the 900mm degree of depth, then peripheral with the immature soil backfill hollow brick dug out, plow layer soil is mixed into after remaining soil sorts out stone, every mu forms row row spacing 2m, the vertical hole of spacing in the rows 200mm, and density reaches every mu of 8410 strains; Described hollow brick is ceramsite hollow bricks, and described ceramsite hollow bricks is diplopore, aperture 10-12cm, and cylindrical compress strength is 1.5-4.5MPa, and the haydite that employing diameter specifications is 5-15mm is made;

After e, lunar calendar Clear and Bright, the seedling obtained by step a is wiped out above the vertical hole that the direct transplantation frame of long tendril formed to steps d hollow brick, the topsoil ridging reserved with step b buries cultivation, according to topography and geomorphology, carry out conventional built during cultivation, field management, rich water manages and protects and preventing disease pest control;

Push plow layer aside when f, results, mention the unsettled Chinese yam stem tuber be longer than in hollow brick hole together with nutritive cube;

G, cut out lower Chinese yam stem tuber after extract Chinese yam halter young plant Collection utilization from nutritive cube in the other direction, smoothly nutritive cube residue being got back in the cell in hollow tile vacated, avoiding hole to be fallen apart soil filling, in order to using again the coming year;

H, the coming year draw out sand foreign material in hollow brick hole with instrument, change badly damaged hollow brick, carry out new round plantation.