CN108651249B - Three-dimensional seedling culture method for panax japonicus - Google Patents
Three-dimensional seedling culture method for panax japonicus Download PDFInfo
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- CN108651249B CN108651249B CN201810245581.3A CN201810245581A CN108651249B CN 108651249 B CN108651249 B CN 108651249B CN 201810245581 A CN201810245581 A CN 201810245581A CN 108651249 B CN108651249 B CN 108651249B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional seedling raising method for panax japonicus, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting and treating seeds; 2) preparing a seedling raising frame; 3) preparing a seedbed; 4) sowing; 5) and (5) seedling stage management and transplanting. The method adopts the seedling raising frame to carry out three-dimensional seedling raising on the panax japonicus seeds, the seeding density is uniform, the seedling raising environment can be manually controlled, the seedling rate can reach more than 98 percent, the problems that seedlings are easy to burn and die in the traditional panax japonicus field storage seedling raising process are solved, the manual labor cost for daily management is reduced, the industrial seedling raising of the panax japonicus can be realized, and the method has important production significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant planting, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional seedling raising method for panax japonicus.
Background
Rhizoma Panacis Japonici (A. japonicus)Panax japonicusC.a. Mey) is plant of the genus panax of the family araliaceae, alternative name: the panax japonicus, the panax notoginseng, and the like are rare and endangered rare seven Chinese herbal medicines in China, are also the collected varieties in pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China (2015 edition), take dry rhizome as a medicine, are sweet and slightly bitter in taste, have the effects of dissipating blood stasis and stopping bleeding, relieving swelling and pain, eliminating phlegm and stopping cough, and tonifying deficiency and strengthening, have the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis of the panax notoginseng as a south medicine and nourishing and strengthening the panax ginseng as a north medicine, and are mainly used for treating symptoms such as tuberculosis, hemoptysis, traumatic injury, cough with excessive phlegm, weakness after illness, and the like. With the intensive research on the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic effects of the panax japonicus, the panax japonicus also has the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic effects of resisting inflammation and pain, resisting fatigue, reducing blood sugar, resisting aging, regulating immunity, protecting liver and the like, and wild resources of the panax japonicus are mainly scattered in high mountain areas near the 30-degree line of latitude in Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other provinces, but the wild resources are nearly exhausted. Since the end of the last eighties, the research on the cultivation of the wild panax japonicus into the home-planted panax japonicus by the institute of traditional Chinese medicine of academy of agricultural sciences of Hubei province succeeded, and the large-area artificial cultivation of the panax japonicus is mainly distributed in the new pond and countryside of Enshi of Hubei provinceIn mountain areas of towns such as stone kiln village, Chinese toon camping village, middle camping village, living dragon terrace village, terrace dam camping village and the like. In recent years, with the intensive research on the pharmacological and medicinal effects of the panax japonicus and the development of health-care products such as panax japonicus oral liquid, panax japonicus series wine, panax japonicus dropping pills and the like, the price of the panax japonicus is dramatically increased from 20 yuan/jin to 80-100 yuan/jin in the past ten years, and the panax japonicus has considerable market prospect although no market share of ginseng and pseudo-ginseng.
After the research on the cultivation of the wild panax japonicus in the family is succeeded, the artificial cultivation mainly takes seed propagation as the main point. At present, the panax japonicus is widely grown in a field, and because of uneven seeding density, branch shed building and the like, the seedling of the panax japonicus is burnt and dead seedlings are serious in rainy season every year; because the growth period of the panax japonicus is long, the growth of seedlings is slow, the field growth weed damage is particularly serious, and the panax japonicus is herbaceous and cannot be weeded by a herbicide but needs manual weeding, the manual labor cost is greatly increased. Therefore, the method solves the problems of seedling burning, seedling death and weed damage of the conventional panax japonicus seedling, reduces the labor cost in daily management and seedling transplantation, is green and environment-friendly, realizes industrial seedling raising, and has important production significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of seedling death, phytotoxicity, high labor cost and low seedling rate in the traditional panax japonicus seedling culture.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a three-dimensional seedling raising method for panax japonicus, which comprises the following steps:
1) seed selection and treatment: selecting fruits of plants which are full, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have strong growth bonds and are more than 4 years old as seeds, and sequentially carrying out exodermis removing, sterilization and storage treatment on the seeds;
2) preparing a seedling raising frame: the seedling raising frame is made of a detachable movable three-dimensional angle steel frame, the seedling raising frame is divided into a plurality of layers through aluminum plastic plates, a sunshade net is arranged on the top of the seedling raising frame, and a layer of plastic film is lapped on the sunshade net;
3) preparing a seedbed: the mixture of grass carbon and vermiculite is used as a substrate, the substrate is filled into a plurality of non-woven fabric pockets to serve as a seedbed, the non-woven fabric pockets are sequentially placed on a seedling raising frame, and the substrate is thoroughly watered by a sprayer;
4) sowing: after the seeds stored in the step 1) are shelled, selecting full seeds, sowing one seed in each seedbed, covering the substrate, and thoroughly watering the substrate by using a sprayer;
5) seedling management and transplanting: during seedling raising, the substrate is kept wet, the seedling raising frame is ventilated, and the seedlings can be transplanted after coming out of the soil.
Further, when the episperm is removed in the step 1), the seeds are put into a nylon mesh bag and immersed into water to rub off the episperm of the seeds.
Further, the seed sterilization process in the step 1) adopts formalin with the concentration of 10% to soak seeds for 10 minutes.
Further, the seed storage treatment process in the step 1) comprises the steps of mixing and uniformly stirring the seeds and the wet sand according to the mass ratio of 1: 4-1: 3, filling the mixture into a breathable gunny bag, and transferring the breathable gunny bag to a low mountain with the temperature of 4-10 ℃ for storage.
Further, during the preservation of the seeds, the wet sand is in the degree of being kneaded into a mass and then being scattered when being thrown.
Further, the length of the seedling raising frame is 160-200 cm, the width of the seedling raising frame is 40-50 cm, the height of each layer is 50-60 cm, and the bottom layer is 10-20 cm away from the ground.
Further, the preparation process of the matrix comprises the steps of uniformly mixing turf and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 2: 1-3: 1, then sterilizing, stacking the matrix in a plastic greenhouse for 30-40 cm, spraying the wet matrix, covering the matrix with a plastic film, and exposing the plastic film for 10-15 days.
Further, before transplanting, soil preparation is carried out, deep ploughing is carried out for 30cm, fine preparation and raking are carried out, the width of a compartment is 1.2m, the width of a ditch is 0.3m, after the compartment is opened, the compartment surface is formed into a tile-back shape, and drainage ditches are arranged on the periphery; transplanting is carried out by hole planting, the hole distance is 20-27 cm, Í 20-27 cm, and 1 plant is planted in each hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the three-dimensional seedling raising method for the panax japonicus provided by the invention adopts the seedling raising frame to carry out three-dimensional seedling raising on the panax japonicus seeds, the seeding density is uniform, the seedling raising environment can be manually controlled, the seedling rate can reach more than 98%, the problems that seedlings are easy to burn and die in the traditional panax japonicus field storage seedling raising process are solved, the manual labor cost for daily management of the panax japonicus is reduced, the industrial seedling raising of the panax japonicus can be realized, and the production significance is achieved.
(2) The three-dimensional seedling raising method for the panax japonicus provided by the invention adopts the detachable multilayer three-dimensional angle steel frame as the seedling raising frame, the seeding density can be effectively controlled by raising the seedlings of the panax japonicus seeds on the seedling raising frame, the seedling raising frame can be repeatedly utilized, the production cost is low, and the land resources are saved.
(3) The three-dimensional breeding method for panax japonicus provided by the invention adopts the degradable non-woven fabric bag to carry out breeding on panax japonicus seeds, is green and environment-friendly, can directly plant the non-woven fabric bag into soil in the transplanting process, and is convenient to operate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a three-dimensional seedling raising method for panax japonicus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and treatment: selecting fruits of plants which are full, free from plant diseases and insect pests and strong in growth bonds and are more than 4 years old as seeds in the field from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, and sequentially carrying out exodermis removing, sterilization and storage treatment on the seeds.
Specifically, the selected seeds are put into a nylon mesh bag, soaked in water to remove the episperm, cleaned, dried, soaked in 10% formalin for 10 minutes, and sterilized; the sterilized seeds and the wet sand are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:4, the mixture is placed into a breathable gunny bag and is transferred into a low mountain (the altitude is 400-600 meters) with the temperature of 4-10 ℃ for storage, so that the after-ripening of the embryos of the seeds is accelerated, and the germination rate of the seeds is improved.
Optimally, during the low mountain storage period, the seeds should be prevented from being dried by wet sand, and the seeds should be kneaded by the wet sand and then scattered when thrown. If the wet sand is too wet, the seeds are easy to breed mould; if the wet sand is too dry, the after-ripening of the seed embryo can be influenced, and the germination rate of the seed is reduced.
(2) Preparing a seedling raising frame: the detachable movable three-dimensional angle steel frame is used as a seedling raising frame, the total length of the steel frame is 200cm, the width of the steel frame is 50cm, the total number of the three layers is three, the height of each layer is 60cm, the distance from the ground of the bottommost layer is 20cm, and each layer is separated by an aluminum-plastic plate. The top of the seedling raising frame is provided with a sunshade net, and a layer of plastic film is lapped on the sunshade net to prevent the influence of raining on the seedling raising process of the seedbed placed on the seedling raising frame.
(3) Seedbed preparation
a. Preparing a substrate, namely uniformly mixing turf and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a mixture serving as the substrate; further optimized, the substrates are evenly mixed and then disinfected, the disinfected substrates are piled up in a plastic greenhouse for 30cm in height, the length depends on the actual dosage, meanwhile, the substrates are sprayed with clear water, then, plastic films are used for covering the substrates, and the substrates are exposed for 10 days.
b. Preparing a seedbed, namely filling the prepared substrate with non-woven fabric bags with the diameter of 7cm and the height of 12cm, sequentially putting the non-woven fabric bags filled with the substrate on a seedling raising frame, and thoroughly watering the substrate with a sprayer for seeding. Wherein the non-woven fabrics pocket is made for degradable material, green, and can directly plant the non-woven fabrics pocket into soil at follow-up transplanting in-process, convenient operation.
(4) Sowing: after the seeds stored in the last ten days of 3 months are shelled, the seeds with full seeds are selected, one seed is sowed in each non-woven fabric pocket, the non-woven fabric pocket is covered with a substrate with the thickness of 0.5cm, and the substrate is thoroughly watered by a sprayer.
(5) Seedling management and transplanting: during seedling raising, the substrate is prevented from being dry, water is sprayed in time, the substrate is kept wet, and the seedling raising frame is ventilated. In the middle 3 months of the next year, the seedlings can be transplanted after coming out of soil.
Further, before transplanting seedlings, preparing soil, deeply ploughing for 30cm, finely raking, then shaping the box surface into a tile back shape according to the width of the box of 1.2m and the width of a ditch of 0.3m, and after opening the box, opening drainage ditches at the periphery; the transplanting is mainly hole planting, the hole distance is 20cm and Í 20cm, 1 seedling is planted in each hole, a non-woven fabric pocket can be directly planted into each hole during transplanting, and the operation is simple and convenient.
The seedling rate of the panax japonicus seeds in the embodiment reaches 99%.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a three-dimensional seedling raising method for panax japonicus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and treatment: selecting fruits of plants which are full, free from plant diseases and insect pests and strong in growth bonds and are more than 4 years old as seeds in the field from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, and sequentially carrying out exodermis removing, sterilization and storage treatment on the seeds.
Specifically, the selected seeds are put into a nylon mesh bag, soaked in water to remove the episperm, cleaned, dried, soaked in 10% formalin for 10 minutes, and sterilized; the sterilized seeds and the wet sand are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3, the mixture is placed into a breathable gunny bag and is transferred into a low mountain (the altitude is 400-600 meters) with the temperature of 4-10 ℃ for storage, so that the after-ripening of the embryos of the seeds is accelerated, and the germination rate of the seeds is improved.
Optimally, during the low mountain storage period, the seeds should be prevented from being dried by wet sand, and the seeds should be kneaded by the wet sand and then scattered when thrown.
(2) Preparing a seedling raising frame: a detachable movable three-dimensional angle steel frame is used as a seedling raising frame, the total length of the steel frame is 160cm, the width of the steel frame is 40cm, the three layers are totally three, the height of each layer is 50cm, the distance between the bottommost layer and the ground is 10cm, and each layer is separated by an aluminum-plastic plate. The top of the seedling raising frame is provided with a sunshade net, and a layer of plastic film is lapped on the sunshade net to prevent the influence of raining on the seedling raising process of the seedbed placed on the seedling raising frame.
(3) Seedbed preparation
a. Preparing a substrate, namely uniformly mixing turf and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain a mixture serving as the substrate; further optimized, the substrates are evenly mixed and then disinfected, in a plastic greenhouse, the disinfected substrates are piled up to 40cm in height, the length depends on the actual dosage, meanwhile, clear water is adopted to spray wet the substrates, then plastic films are adopted to cover the substrates, and the substrates are exposed for 15 days.
b. Preparing a seedbed, namely filling the prepared substrate in non-woven fabric bags with the diameter of 6cm and the height of 9cm, sequentially putting the non-woven fabric bags filled with the substrate on a seedling raising frame, and thoroughly watering the substrate by using a sprayer for seeding. Wherein the non-woven fabrics pocket is made for degradable material, green, and can directly plant the non-woven fabrics pocket into soil at follow-up transplanting in-process, convenient operation.
(4) Sowing: after the seeds stored in the last ten days of 3 months are shelled, the seeds with full seeds are selected, one seed is sowed in each non-woven fabric pocket, the non-woven fabric pocket is covered with a substrate with the thickness of 0.5cm, and the substrate is thoroughly watered by a sprayer.
(5) Seedling management and transplanting: during seedling raising, the substrate is prevented from being dry, water is sprayed in time, the substrate is kept wet, and the seedling raising frame is ventilated. In the middle 3 months of the next year, the seedlings can be transplanted after coming out of soil.
Further, before transplanting seedlings, preparing soil, deeply ploughing for 30cm, finely raking, then shaping the box surface into a tile back shape according to the width of the box of 1.2m and the width of a ditch of 0.3m, and after opening the box, opening drainage ditches at the periphery; the transplanting is mainly hole planting, the hole distance is 27cm and Í 27cm, 1 seedling is planted in each hole, the non-woven fabric pocket can be directly planted into each hole during transplanting, and the operation is simple and convenient.
The seedling rate of the panax japonicus seeds in the embodiment reaches 98.3%.
In conclusion, the three-dimensional seedling raising method for the panax japonicus provided by the invention adopts the seedling raising frame to carry out three-dimensional seedling raising on the panax japonicus seeds, the seeding density is uniform, the seedling raising environment can be manually controlled, the seedling rate can reach more than 98%, the problems that seedlings are easy to burn and die in the traditional panax japonicus field storage seedling raising process are solved, the manual labor cost for daily management of the panax japonicus is reduced, the industrial seedling raising of the panax japonicus can be realized, and the three-dimensional seedling raising method has important production significance.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A three-dimensional seedling raising method for panax japonicus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed selection and treatment: selecting fruits of plants which are full, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have strong growth bonds and are more than 4 years old as seeds, and sequentially carrying out exodermis removing, sterilization and storage treatment on the seeds; wherein the seed storage treatment process comprises the steps of mixing and uniformly stirring seeds and wet sand according to the mass ratio of 1: 4-1: 3, filling the mixture into a breathable jute bag, and transferring the jute bag to a low mountain with the temperature of 4-10 ℃ for storage;
2) preparing a seedling raising frame: the seedling raising frame is made of a detachable movable three-dimensional angle steel frame, the seedling raising frame is divided into a plurality of layers through aluminum plastic plates, a sunshade net is arranged on the top of the seedling raising frame, and a layer of plastic film is lapped on the sunshade net;
3) preparing a seedbed: the mixture of grass carbon and vermiculite is used as a substrate, the substrate is filled into a plurality of non-woven fabric pockets to serve as a seedbed, the non-woven fabric pockets are sequentially placed on a seedling raising frame, and the substrate is thoroughly watered by a sprayer; wherein the non-woven fabric pocket is made of degradable materials; the preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing turf and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 2: 1-3: 1, sterilizing, stacking the substrate in a plastic greenhouse for 30-40 cm, spraying the wet substrate, covering with a plastic film, and exposing for 10-15 days;
4) sowing: after the seeds stored in the step 1) are shelled, selecting full seeds, sowing one seed in each seedbed, covering the substrate, and thoroughly watering the substrate by using a sprayer;
5) seedling management and transplanting: keeping the substrate wet and ventilating the seedling raising frame during seedling raising, transplanting the seedlings after the seedlings come out of the soil, and directly planting the non-woven fabric bags into the soil in the transplanting process.
2. The stereoscopic panax japonicus breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the seeds are put into a nylon mesh bag when the testa is removed in the step 1), and the nylon mesh bag is immersed in water to remove the testa.
3. The stereoscopic panax japonicus seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the seed sterilization process in the step 1) adopts formalin with the concentration of 10% to soak the seeds for 10 minutes.
4. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of panax japonicus according to claim 2, wherein the wet sand is kneaded into a mass and then scattered during the seed preservation period.
5. The three-dimensional seedling raising method of panax japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the seedling raising frame is 160-200 cm long, 40-50 cm wide, 50-60 cm high in each layer, and 10-20 cm far from the ground at the bottommost layer.
6. The three-dimensional seedling raising method of panax japonicus according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), soil preparation is carried out before transplanting, deep ploughing is carried out for 30cm, fine preparation and raking are carried out, the width of a compartment is 1.2m, the width of a ditch is 0.3m, the compartment surface is shaped like a tile back after the compartment is opened, and drainage ditches are arranged on the periphery; transplanting is carried out by hole planting, the hole distance is 20-27 cm, and 1 plant is planted in each hole.
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| CN110235727A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-09-17 | 湖北硒谷神奇科技有限公司 | A kind of panax japonicus nutritional bag method |
| CN115568390A (en) * | 2022-11-05 | 2023-01-06 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Panax japonicus stacking planting method |
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| CN101491191B (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-12-08 | 四川农业大学 | High-land protection ground seedling-raising technique of sichuan fritillary bulb |
| CN101878712B (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2011-08-31 | 上海应用技术学院 | Three-dimensional greening mesh bag seedling method |
| CN203814330U (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-09-10 | 遵义市烟草公司湄潭县分公司 | Detachable seedling frame |
| CN104585009A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-05-06 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Stereoscopic seedling device and stereoscopic seedling method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105340708B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2018-12-14 | 云南师范大学 | A kind of Radix Notoginseng factorial seedling-culturing method |
| CN106069471A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 安徽菲扬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of nursery stock |
| CN105993693A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-10-12 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Three-dimensional automatic rotating seedling-cultivating frame and seedling-cultivating method thereof |
| CN206078278U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-04-12 | 刘银萍 | Multilayer seedling raising frame |
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