CN108184589B - Large-field cultivation method for bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings - Google Patents
Large-field cultivation method for bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108184589B CN108184589B CN201810060343.5A CN201810060343A CN108184589B CN 108184589 B CN108184589 B CN 108184589B CN 201810060343 A CN201810060343 A CN 201810060343A CN 108184589 B CN108184589 B CN 108184589B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- seedlings
- hardening
- bletilla striata
- temperature
- tissue culture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a field cultivation method of bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a land parcel suitable for planting rhizoma bletillae; 2) deeply turning and crushing the selected land blocks; 3) shading the whole planting land and erecting a sprinkling irrigation system; 4) hardening seedlings; 5) transplanting; 6) and (5) field management. The planting technology of the bletilla striata and bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings can be harvested in two years, and the acre yield can reach about two tons and half. According to the method, the proper land parcels are selected according to the proper environmental conditions of the bletilla striata, the environmental conditions are provided for the good growth of the bletilla striata after the bletilla striata is transplanted to a field, further, soil hardening is improved through soil preparation, the steam sterilization is performed to assist the mulching film mulching, insect eggs, grass seeds and the like are killed, the fact that no weed exists in the initial stage of transplanting is achieved, the phenomenon that the seedling is pressed due to excessive weeds in the seedling stage is effectively avoided, and the adverse effects of weed pulling on the white and the root of the seedling caused by the fact that the growth of the tissue culture seedling of the bletilla striata is slow and the plant is.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bletilla striata cultivation, and particularly relates to a field cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings.
Background
The Bletilla striata is one of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. of Orchidaceae, and other Bletilla striata, white flower, light safflower, etc., and is different from Yunnan Bletilla striata. The bletilla striata has 6 varieties at present and 4 varieties in China, and can be applied to medicines in different degrees. However, the best medicinal materials belong to purple-flower bletilla striata (containing purple-flower bletilla striata and purple-flower bletilla striata), and two conditions are described in detail when the variety of the bletilla striata medicinal materials loaded into 2015 edition Chinese pharmacopoeia is loaded, wherein the purple flower and the tubers of the medicinal materials have 2-3 claw-shaped branches, the length of each branch is 1.5-5 cm, and the thickness of each branch is 0.5-1.5 cm. Most common bletilla varieties or designs are not purple in color, or the flower is purple without paw-like branches. Therefore, the bletilla striata must be selected to meet the requirements of pharmacopoeia when artificial cultivation is carried out.
Bletilla striata medicinal materials always depend on excavating wild resources, and are listed by the nation as key protection wild plants along with the exhaustion of the resources. People begin to try to artificially plant rhizoma bletillae, the conventional rhizoma bletillae is planted by using tubers, and the rhizoma bletillae seedlings are bred by using a plant tissue culture technology for planting, but the conventional field cultivation method of the rhizoma bletillae tissue culture seedlings has a plurality of defects, wherein the hardening-seedling cultivation technology of the tissue culture seedlings is not mature, the hardening-seedling is the premise that the rhizoma bletillae tissue culture seedlings are put into the field for cultivation, different hardening-seedling methods have great influences on the survival rate of the hardening-seedling and the robustness of the seedlings, the conventional hardening-seedling method is low in transplanting survival rate and long in transplanting period, and the bottleneck of industrialization of the rhizoma bletillae is formed. When the seedlings are acclimatized conventionally, the modes of strong light seedling acclimatization, small tunnel seedling acclimatization and the like are usually adopted, the survival rate of acclimatized seedling transplantation is about 60 percent, the seedling revival period is long, and the infection probability of root rot and stem rot is high. The tissue culture seedling is very easy to be killed in a large amount in the period from the sterile heterotrophy to the ex-bottle sterile autotrophy transplanting acclimation; or the raised seedlings have low quality, poor field planting effect and the like.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to invent a field cultivation method for tissue culture seedlings of bletilla striata.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a field cultivation method of bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
1) selecting land: selecting warm and moist red loam with deep soil layer, rich and loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matters at an altitude of 1600-2500 m;
2) land preparation: deeply turning over the selected land blocks by 30-50 cm, then crushing soil, solarizing for 5-8 days, applying decomposed farmyard manure until the content of organic matters in the soil is not lower than 3%, finally covering the soil with a heat-proof mulching film, performing steam sterilization, keeping the mulching film to be covered 2-5 days before field planting, and removing the mulching film;
3) a shading net with the height of 2-3 m and the height of 30-50% is built on the planting plots, and a sprinkling irrigation system capable of covering the whole planting plots is erected below the shading net and at the height of 1.6-1.8 m away from the ground surface;
4) hardening seedlings: selecting 9-10 months or 2-3 months to begin to acclimatize the seedlings, including acclimatizing the seedlings in bottles, cleaning and soaking the seedlings and acclimatizing the seedlings outside the bottles; 5) transplanting: firstly, applying base fertilizer, then building a furrow surface with the height of 15-25 cm, the width of 100-120 cm and the furrow center distance of 140-160 cm, and planting the hardened bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings on the furrow surface according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm;
6) field management: irrigating the plots by using a sprinkling irrigation system regularly, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 40-55%; and (3) applying 100-200 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure every 2-3 months in the first year after transplanting, and applying 100-200 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure and pouring 80-100 kg of biogas slurry every 3-4 months after transplanting in one year.
Preferably, the soil is crushed in the step (2) until the soil particles are 5-2 mm 20%, 2-0.2 mm 50% and 0.2-0.02 mm 30%.
Preferably, the hardening off of the seedlings in the bottle in the step (4) is to firstly sterilize the culture chamber, then gradually uncover the culture bottle of the tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata, in the culture chamber, and after the uncovering is finished in 2-3 days, the environmental conditions are kept consistent with those during the tissue culture; then transferring the culture bottle to a position outside the bottle for hardening seedlings, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 85%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 20-22 ℃ and the air humidity to be more than 85%, and performing transitional culture for 5-7 days; the disinfection and sterilization treatment is to use 1000-1200 mu W/cm2 ultraviolet light to irradiate and disinfect for 60-120 min in a culture room.
Preferably, the cleaning and soaking in the step (4) are to take the tissue-cultured rooted seedlings of bletilla striata, which are all bletilla striata, out of a culture bottle, divide the seedlings into individual plants, put the individual plants into a culture dish filled with 0.5-2 cm deep clear water at room temperature, soak the individual plants for 1-3 hours, then repeatedly change the water and soak the individual plants for 3-6 times, continuously soak the individual plants for 1-2 days after the last water change to promote rooting, and then soak the seedlings in the plant extracting solution for 10-20 min.
Preferably, the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the steps of mashing aloe, garlic, mulberry and giant knotweed, adding 6-8 times of hot ethanol by weight, refluxing for 15-30 min for extraction, adding 8-12 times of water by weight into an extraction container, boiling until the ethanol is completely volatilized, filtering to obtain medicine residues and filtrate, and placing the filtrate to normal temperature.
Preferably, the hardening off of the outside of the bottle in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
A. hardening off the seedlings at a proper temperature for the first time: planting the cleaned and soaked bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings in a matrix of a first seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of no root exposure, thoroughly watering root fixing water after planting, then covering a layer of coconut chaff with the covering thickness of 1-3 cm, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 80%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 20-22 ℃, the air humidity to be 80-85%, keeping the water content of the matrix to be more than 70%, and hardening the seedlings for 15-30 days;
B. and (3) hardening seedlings at low temperature: keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 75%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 17-19 ℃, the air humidity to be 80-82% and the water content of the substrate to be more than 65%, and carrying out primary low-temperature seedling hardening for 10-15 days; keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 75%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 14-16 ℃, the air humidity to be 80-82% and the water content of the substrate to be more than 65%, and carrying out low-temperature seedling hardening again for 10-15 days;
C. and (3) hardening seedlings at a proper temperature for the second time: transplanting the bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings subjected to low-temperature seedling hardening into a matrix of a second seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of no exposed roots, thoroughly watering the roots after planting, then covering a layer of field original soil with the covering thickness of 2-4 cm, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 70%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 20-22 ℃, the air humidity to be 70-80%, gradually reducing the water content of the matrix to be more than 60%, and hardening the seedlings for 15-30 days;
D. normal temperature seedling hardening: keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 70%, simultaneously controlling the temperature to be consistent with the field temperature, controlling the air humidity to be more than 70%, controlling the water content of the matrix to be more than 60%, hardening the seedlings for 20-30 days, and then planting in the field.
Preferably, the substrate is manufactured red loam or a mixed substrate containing manufactured red loam; the manufactured red loam refers to red loam which does not contain clay grains or contains less than 1% of clay grains.
Preferably, the matrix of the first seedbed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of coconut coir, 8-12 parts of manufactured red loam, 6-10 parts of sawdust, 6-10 parts of vermiculite and 6-10 parts of humus.
Preferably, the matrix of the second seedbed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of field raw soil, 6-10 parts of coconut coir and 3-5 parts of herb residues; the medicinal residues are extracted medicinal residues of aloe, garlic, mulberry and giant knotweed rhizome.
Preferably, the base fertilizer application in the step (5) is to uniformly spread 100-150 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the surface of the planting land.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cultivation technology of the bletilla striata and bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings can be harvested in two years, the acre yield can reach about two tons and a half, and the cultivation period is effectively shortened.
2. According to the method, the proper land blocks are selected according to the proper environmental conditions of the bletilla striata, the environmental conditions are provided for the good growth of the bletilla striata after the bletilla striata is transplanted to a field, furthermore, the deep ploughing is firstly carried out through soil preparation, the soil hardening is improved, the soil is further matured through solarization, the plastic film mulching is assisted through steam disinfection, insect eggs, grass seeds and the like are killed, the fact that no weed exists in the initial stage of transplanting is achieved, the phenomenon that the seedling is pressed due to excessive weed in the seedling stage is effectively avoided, and the adverse effects of weed pulling on the white and the root of the seedling caused by slow growth and short and small plant of the tissue culture seedling of the bletilla striata are.
3. The invention smelts the seedling by stages, has more scientific adaptation stage, greatly improves the survival rate of transplanting, and shortens the time of seedling revival; the hardening-seedling survival rate of the invention can reach more than 99 percent, and the field transplanting survival rate can reach more than 98 percent.
4. The hardening and transplanting greatly reduces the infection of mixed bacteria to the tissue culture seedlings, improves the survival rate of the tissue culture seedlings, is beneficial to cultivating healthy seedlings, and has important significance for improving the field planting survival rate and subsequent growth, thereby laying a foundation for greatly improving the product quality and the yield.
5. In the invention, the proper temperature-low temperature-proper temperature-normal temperature change is carried out in the seedling hardening process, the seedling hardening at the proper temperature is firstly carried out, so that the seedlings just contacting the external environment can be smoothly adapted at the proper temperature, then the low-temperature seedling hardening is adopted, the resistance of the seedlings to the adverse environment is improved, then the proper temperature is continuously used for seedling hardening, the seedlings which grow badly at the low temperature are re-developed into strong seedlings, and finally the seedling hardening is carried out at the field temperature, thereby realizing the consistency of the seedling hardening temperature and the temperature of the transplanted field, and greatly shortening and improving the survival rate.
6. The seedling hardening time selection of the invention is scientific, and no new bud sprouts, thereby effectively reducing the bud damage condition during seedling washing. The invention adopts the dormant period of rhizoma bletillae to harden the seedlings, thereby improving the survival rate of transplantation. According to the invention, through pest control and topdressing, the rhizoma bletillae is promoted to strengthen the seedlings, and the survival rate of field transplantation is further improved.
7. According to the invention, by reasonably exercising the seedlings, the environmental conditions at the initial stage of exercising the seedlings are similar to those at the time of culturing, the unfavorable growth condition caused by the fact that the seedlings enter the environment with large difference at first glance is avoided, then the seedlings are exercised at low temperature, and finally the environmental conditions at the later stage of exercising the seedlings are similar to those of field transplanting, so that the purpose of gradually adapting is achieved. The invention selects autumn and spring to train seedlings, thereby avoiding the seedling wilting caused by high-temperature and high-humidity weather; the water supply of the seedlings is ensured through high humidity in the early stage, and the natural humidity is gradually approached in the later stage, so that the seedlings can adapt to and grow well, and the survival rate is improved.
8. According to the invention, the indoor ultraviolet light sterilization is carried out firstly, so that the mixed bacteria possibly existing in the culture room are eliminated, the possible diseases caused by the weak resistance of the tissue culture seedling in contact with the external environment are avoided, and a foundation is laid for continuously exercising the seedling. And then, the culture is carried out for a certain time in the bottle in the environment of culture outside the bottle, and the unsuitable environment of the bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings is effectively avoided through the optimum temperature and humidity, so that the bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings are smoothly adapted to new environment conditions. The invention adopts a physical disinfection method of ultraviolet light disinfection, is safe and effective, and avoids the environmental problems caused by a chemical disinfection method.
9. According to the invention, the tissue culture rooting seedling is directly soaked in clear water, on one hand, the culture medium in the tissue culture seedling is effectively cleaned through multiple soaking and water changing, the problems that the culture medium for cleaning the root in a short time consumes a large amount of clear water and is easy to cause damage to stems, leaves and roots are solved, on the more important hand, the seedling rooting can be effectively promoted through multiple soaking, and a large amount of elements and trace elements in the early-stage culture medium can be used as nutrient solution in the clear water to supply nutrition for the seedling for a short time for transition.
10. In the first time of acclimatization of the seedlings (in the initial stage of transplantation), the invention adopts the relatively water-permeable and air-permeable coconut chaff, the manufactured laterite, the sawdust and the like, thereby preventing water accumulation, loosening and air permeability, having high fertility, preventing the roots and the false bulbs from rotting and improving the survival rate. The coconut husk has small volume weight and good water retention, and can ensure sufficient water supply and simultaneously ventilate. The synthetic red loam, sawdust and the like contain a large amount of organic substances, so that a proper growth environment and sufficient nutrition are provided for the growth of the bletilla striata; according to the invention, a large amount of field raw soil is used on the basis of using coconut coir in the second moderate-temperature seedling hardening (in the later stage of transplanting), the field environment is convenient to adapt, the medicine residues are used in a matched manner, on one hand, the waste medicine residues generated by preparing the plant extracting solution are used as raw materials, the waste materials are utilized, on the other hand, the medicine residues can effectively play a role in sterilization and bacteriostasis in the matrix, and no bactericide is required to be sprayed in the later stage of seedling hardening according to the situation.
11. The plant extract can be used for replacing carbendazim, wherein aloe-emodin in aloe, allicin in garlic, resveratrol in mulberry and polygonum cuspidatum and other components can effectively resist and inhibit bacteria, and by using the plant extract, the serious harm of original chemical pesticides to water resources and soil is effectively avoided, and the plant extract has good effect.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A field cultivation method of bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting land: selecting warm and moist red loam with deep soil layer, rich and loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matters at an altitude of 1600-2500 m;
2) land preparation: deeply turning over the selected land by 30cm, then crushing soil, solarizing for 5 days, applying farmyard manure until the content of organic matters in the soil is not lower than 3%, finally covering the soil with a heat-proof mulching film, performing steam sterilization, keeping the mulching film to cover 2 days before field planting, and removing the mulching film;
3) a 30% shading net with the height of 2m is built on the planting plots, and a sprinkling irrigation system capable of covering the whole planting plots is erected at the height of 1.6m below the shading net from the ground surface;
4) hardening seedlings: selecting 9 months to begin seedling hardening, including seedling hardening in a bottle, cleaning and soaking, and seedling hardening outside the bottle;
5) transplanting: firstly, applying base fertilizer, then building a soil moisture surface with the height of 15cm, the width of 100cm and the distance between the centers of ditches of 140cm, and then planting the hardened bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings on the soil moisture surface according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm;
6) field management: irrigating the land parcel by using a sprinkling irrigation system regularly, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 40%; and in the first year after transplanting, 100kg of farmyard manure is applied every 2 months, and in the first year after transplanting, 100kg of farmyard manure is applied every 3 months and 80kg of biogas slurry is applied.
Example 2
A field cultivation method of bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting land: selecting warm and moist red loam with deep soil layer, rich and loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matters, and the elevation is 2500 m;
2) land preparation: deeply turning over the selected land by 50cm, then crushing soil, solarizing for 8 days, applying farmyard manure until the content of organic matters in the soil is not lower than 3%, finally covering the soil with a heat-proof mulching film, performing steam disinfection, keeping the mulching film to cover 2-5 days before field planting, and removing the mulching film;
3) a 50% shading net with the height of 3m is built on the planting plots, and a sprinkling irrigation system capable of covering the whole planting plots is erected at the height of 1.8m below the shading net from the ground surface;
4) hardening seedlings: selecting 10 months to train seedlings, including seedling training in bottles, cleaning and soaking, and seedling training outside the bottles;
5) transplanting: firstly, applying base fertilizer, then building a soil moisture surface with the height of 25cm, the width of 120cm and the distance between the centers of ditches of 160cm, and then planting the hardened bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings on the soil moisture surface according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm;
6) field management: irrigating the land parcel by using a sprinkling irrigation system regularly, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 55%; and in the first year after transplanting, 200kg of farmyard manure is applied every 3 months, and in the first year after transplanting, 200kg of farmyard manure is applied every 4 months and 100kg of biogas slurry is applied.
Example 3
A field cultivation method of bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting land: selecting warm and moist red loam with deep soil layer, rich and loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matters at an elevation of 1600-1800 m;
2) land preparation: deeply turning over the selected land by 35cm, then crushing soil, solarizing for 6 days, applying decomposed farmyard manure until the content of organic matters in the soil is not lower than 3%, finally covering the soil with a heat-proof mulching film, performing steam disinfection, keeping the mulching film to be covered 3 days before field planting, and removing the mulching film; the soil is crushed into 5-2 mm 20%, 2-0.2 mm 50% and 0.2-0.02 mm 30% of soil particles.
3) A 40% shading net with the height of 2.5m is built on the planting plots, and a sprinkling irrigation system capable of covering the whole planting plots is erected at the height of 1.7m below the shading net from the ground surface;
4) hardening seedlings: selecting 2 months to train seedlings, comprising seedling training in a bottle, cleaning and soaking, and seedling training outside the bottle;
the in-bottle hardening is to firstly sterilize the culture chamber, then gradually uncover the culture bottle of the tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata, in the culture chamber, and after 3 days of uncovering, the environmental conditions are kept consistent with those during tissue culture; then transferring the culture bottle to a position outside the bottle for hardening seedlings, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 85%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 21 ℃ and the air humidity to be more than 86%, and performing transitional culture for 6 days; the disinfection and sterilization treatment is to use 1100 mu W/cm2 ultraviolet light to irradiate and disinfect for 70min in a culture room.
The cleaning and soaking are that tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata are taken out of a culture bottle, divided into single plants and placed in a culture dish filled with 1 cm-deep clear water at room temperature for soaking for 2 hours, then the water changing and soaking are repeated for 4 times as above, after the water changing is carried out for the last time, the seedlings are continuously soaked for 1.5 days to promote rooting, and then the seedlings are soaked for 15min by using plant extracting solution.
The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the steps of mashing aloe, garlic, mulberry and giant knotweed, adding 6 times of hot ethanol by weight, refluxing for 15min for extraction, adding 8 times of water by weight into an extraction container, boiling until the ethanol is completely volatilized, filtering to obtain medicine residues and filtrate, and placing the filtrate at normal temperature.
The off-bottle hardening seedling comprises the following steps:
A. hardening off the seedlings at a proper temperature for the first time: planting the cleaned and soaked bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings in a matrix of a first seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of not exposing roots, thoroughly watering root fixing water after planting, then covering a layer of coconut chaff with the thickness of 1cm, keeping ventilation, controlling shading to be more than 80%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 20 ℃, the air humidity at 80% and the matrix water content at more than 70%, and hardening the seedlings for 15 days;
B. and (3) hardening seedlings at low temperature: keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 75%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 17 ℃, the air humidity at 80% and the substrate water content at more than 65%, and carrying out primary low-temperature seedling exercising for 10 days; keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 75%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 14 ℃, the air humidity at 80% and the substrate water content at more than 65%, and carrying out low-temperature seedling exercising again for 10 days;
C. and (3) hardening seedlings at a proper temperature for the second time: transplanting the bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings subjected to low-temperature seedling hardening into a matrix of a second seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of not exposing roots, thoroughly watering the roots after planting, then covering a layer of field original soil with the covering thickness of 3cm, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 70%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 21 ℃, the air humidity to be 72%, gradually reducing the water content of the matrix to be more than 60%, and hardening the seedlings for 18 days;
D. normal temperature seedling hardening: keeping ventilation, controlling shading to be more than 70%, simultaneously controlling the temperature to be consistent with the field temperature, controlling the air humidity to be more than 70%, controlling the water content of the matrix to be more than 60%, hardening the seedlings for 22 days, and then planting in the field.
The substrate is manufactured red loam or a mixed substrate containing manufactured red loam; the manufactured red loam refers to red loam which does not contain clay grains or contains less than 1% of clay grains.
5) Transplanting: firstly, applying base fertilizer, then building a soil moisture surface with the height of 18cm, the width of 105cm and the distance between the centers of ditches being 145cm, and planting the hardened bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings on the soil moisture surface according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm; the base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly spraying 110kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the surface of a planting land.
6) Field management: irrigating the plots by using a sprinkling irrigation system regularly, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 45%; and applying 160kg of farmyard manure per mu every 2.5 months in the first year after transplanting, and applying 110kg of farmyard manure per mu and applying 90kg of biogas slurry every 3 months after transplanting in one year.
Example 4
A field cultivation method of bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting land: selecting warm and moist red loam with deep soil layer, rich and loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matters at the altitude of 2000-2200 m;
2) land preparation: deeply turning over the selected land by 40cm, then crushing soil, solarizing for 7 days, applying farmyard manure until the content of organic matters in the soil is not lower than 3%, finally covering the soil with a heat-proof mulching film, performing steam sterilization, keeping the mulching film to cover 2 days before field planting, and removing the mulching film; the soil is crushed into 5-2 mm 20%, 2-0.2 mm 50% and 0.2-0.02 mm 30% of soil particles.
3) A 40% shading net with the height of 2.8m is built on the planting plots, and a sprinkling irrigation system capable of covering the whole planting plots is erected at the height of 1.8m below the shading net from the ground surface;
4) hardening seedlings: selecting 3 months to train seedlings, including seedling training in bottles, cleaning and soaking, and seedling training outside the bottles;
the in-bottle hardening is to firstly sterilize the culture chamber, then gradually uncover the culture bottle of the tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata, in the culture chamber, and after 3 days of uncovering, the environmental conditions are kept consistent with those during tissue culture; then transferring the culture bottle to a position outside the bottle for hardening seedlings, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 85%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 22 ℃ and the air humidity to be more than 85%, and performing transitional culture for 7 days; the disinfection and sterilization treatment is to use 1200 mu W/cm2 ultraviolet light to irradiate and disinfect for 120min in a culture room.
The cleaning and soaking are that tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata are taken out of a culture bottle, divided into single plants and placed in a culture dish filled with clear water at room temperature with the depth of 2cm, the single plants are soaked for 3 hours, then the water changing and soaking are repeated for 6 times as above, after the water changing is carried out for the last time, the seedlings are continuously soaked for 2 days to promote rooting, and then the seedlings are soaked for 20min by using plant extracting solution.
The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the steps of mashing aloe, garlic, mulberry and giant knotweed, adding 8 times of hot ethanol by weight, refluxing for 30min for extraction, adding 12 times of water by weight into an extraction container, boiling until the ethanol is completely volatilized, filtering to obtain medicine residues and filtrate, and placing the filtrate at normal temperature.
The off-bottle hardening seedling comprises the following steps:
A. hardening off the seedlings at a proper temperature for the first time: planting the cleaned and soaked bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings in a matrix of a first seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of not exposing roots, thoroughly watering root fixing water after planting, then covering a layer of coconut chaff with the covering thickness of 3cm, keeping ventilation, controlling shading to be more than 80%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 22 ℃, the air humidity at 85%, keeping the water content of the matrix at more than 70%, and hardening the seedlings for 30 days;
B. and (3) hardening seedlings at low temperature: keeping ventilation, controlling shading to be more than 75%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 19 ℃, the air humidity at 82% and the substrate water content at more than 65%, and carrying out primary low-temperature seedling exercising for 15 days; keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 75%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 16 ℃, the air humidity at 82% and the substrate water content at more than 65%, and carrying out low-temperature seedling exercising again for 14 days;
C. and (3) hardening seedlings at a proper temperature for the second time: transplanting the bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings subjected to low-temperature seedling hardening into a matrix of a second seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of not exposing roots, thoroughly watering root fixing water after planting, then covering a layer of field original soil with the covering thickness of 4cm, keeping ventilation, controlling shading to be more than 70%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 22 ℃, the air humidity at 78% and the water content of the matrix to be gradually reduced to be more than 61%, and hardening the seedlings for 20 days;
D. normal temperature seedling hardening: keeping ventilation, controlling shading to be more than 71%, simultaneously controlling the temperature to be consistent with the field temperature, controlling the air humidity to be more than 71%, controlling the water content of the substrate to be more than 61%, hardening the seedlings for 24 days, and then planting in the field.
The substrate of the first seedling refining bed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of coconut chaff, 8 parts of manufactured red loam, 6 parts of sawdust, 6 parts of vermiculite and 6 parts of humus.
The substrate of the second seedling refining bed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of field original soil, 10 parts of coconut coir and 5 parts of herb residue; the medicinal residues are extracted medicinal residues of aloe, garlic, mulberry and giant knotweed rhizome.
5) Transplanting: firstly, applying base fertilizer, then building a soil moisture surface with the height of 20cm, the width of 110cm and the distance between the centers of ditches of 150cm, and then planting the hardened bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings on the soil moisture surface according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm; the base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly spraying 150kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the surface of a planting land.
6) Field management: irrigating the land parcel regularly by using a sprinkling irrigation system, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 50%; and in the first year after transplanting, 180kg of farmyard manure is applied every 2 months, and in the first year after transplanting, 150kg of farmyard manure is applied every 4 months and 80kg of biogas slurry is applied.
Example 5
A field cultivation method of bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting land: selecting warm and moist red loam with deep soil layer, rich and loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matters, and the altitude is 2200-2400 m;
2) land preparation: deeply turning over the selected land by 45cm, then crushing soil, solarizing for 8 days, applying decomposed farmyard manure until the content of organic matters in the soil is not lower than 3%, finally covering the soil with a heat-proof mulching film, performing steam disinfection, keeping the mulching film to be covered 4 days before field planting, and removing the mulching film; the soil is crushed into 5-2 mm 20%, 2-0.2 mm 50% and 0.2-0.02 mm 30% of soil particles.
3) A 45% shading net with the height of 2.7m is built on the planting plots, and a sprinkling irrigation system capable of covering the whole planting plots is erected at the height of 1.8m below the shading net from the ground surface;
4) hardening seedlings: selecting the last ten days of 9 months to begin seedling hardening, including seedling hardening in bottles, cleaning and soaking, and seedling hardening outside the bottles;
the in-bottle hardening is to firstly sterilize the culture chamber, then gradually uncover the culture bottle of the tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata, in the culture chamber, and after 2.5 days of uncovering, the environmental conditions are kept consistent with those during tissue culture; then transferring the culture bottle to a position outside the bottle for hardening seedlings, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 86%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 20 ℃ and the air humidity at more than 86%, and performing transitional culture for 6 days; the disinfection and sterilization treatment is to use 1050 mu W/cm2 ultraviolet light to irradiate and disinfect for 90min in a culture room.
The cleaning and soaking are that tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata, all of which are all bletilla striata, are taken out of a culture bottle, divided into single plants and placed in a culture dish filled with clear water with the depth of 1.5cm at room temperature for soaking for 2.5 hours, then the water changing and soaking are repeated for 5 times as above, after the water changing is performed for the last time, the seedlings are continuously soaked for 2 days to promote rooting, and then the seedlings are soaked for 18min by using plant extracting solution.
The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the steps of mashing aloe, garlic, mulberry and giant knotweed, adding 7 times of hot ethanol by weight, refluxing for 28min for extraction, adding 11 times of water by weight into an extraction container, boiling until the ethanol is completely volatilized, filtering to obtain medicine residues and filtrate, and placing the filtrate at normal temperature.
The off-bottle hardening seedling comprises the following steps:
A. hardening off the seedlings at a proper temperature for the first time: planting the cleaned and soaked bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings in a matrix of a first seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of not exposing roots, thoroughly watering root fixing water after planting, then covering a layer of coconut chaff with the covering thickness of 2.5cm, keeping ventilation, controlling shading to be more than 82%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 21 ℃, the air humidity at 84% and the matrix water content at more than 72%, and hardening the seedlings for 25 days;
B. and (3) hardening seedlings at low temperature: keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 77%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 19 ℃, the air humidity to be 82% and the substrate water content to be more than 67%, and carrying out primary low-temperature seedling exercising for 14 days; keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 77%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 16 ℃, the air humidity at 80% and the substrate water content at more than 67%, and carrying out low-temperature seedling exercising again for 13 days;
C. and (3) hardening seedlings at a proper temperature for the second time: transplanting the bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings subjected to low-temperature seedling hardening into a matrix of a second seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of not exposing roots, thoroughly watering the roots after planting, then covering a layer of field original soil with the covering thickness of 4cm, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 77%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 20 ℃, the air humidity at 76% and the water content of the matrix to be gradually reduced to be more than 63%, and hardening the seedlings for 25 days;
D. normal temperature seedling hardening: keeping ventilation, controlling shading to be more than 73%, simultaneously controlling the temperature to be consistent with the field temperature, controlling the air humidity to be more than 73%, controlling the water content of the matrix to be more than 63%, hardening the seedlings for 24 days, and then planting in the field.
The substrate of the first seedling refining bed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of coconut coir, 12 parts of manufactured red loam, 10 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of humus.
The substrate of the second seedling refining bed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of field original soil, 10 parts of coconut coir and 5 parts of herb residue; the medicinal residues are extracted medicinal residues of aloe, garlic, mulberry and giant knotweed rhizome.
5) Transplanting: firstly, applying base fertilizer, then building a soil moisture surface with the height of 23cm, the width of 115cm and the distance between the centers of ditches of 145cm, and planting the hardened bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings on the soil moisture surface according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm; the base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly spraying 145kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the surface of a planting land.
6) Field management: irrigating the land parcel regularly by using a sprinkling irrigation system, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 50%; in the first year after transplanting, 150kg of farmyard manure is applied every 3 months, and in the first year after transplanting, 120kg of farmyard manure is applied every 4 months and 90kg of biogas slurry is applied.
Example 6
A field cultivation method of bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting land: selecting warm and moist red loam with deep soil layer, rich and loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matters at the elevation of 1700-1900 m;
2) land preparation: deeply turning the selected land blocks by 48cm, then crushing soil, solarizing for 5-8 days, applying farmyard manure until the content of organic matters in the soil is not lower than 3%, finally covering the soil with a heat-proof mulching film, performing steam disinfection, keeping the mulching film to be covered 5 days before field planting, and removing the mulching film; the soil is crushed into 5-2 mm 20%, 2-0.2 mm 50% and 0.2-0.02 mm 30% of soil particles.
3) A 30% shading net with the height of 3m is built on the planting plots, and a sprinkling irrigation system capable of covering the whole planting plots is erected at the height of 1.6m below the shading net from the ground surface;
4) hardening seedlings: selecting 10 ten days to begin seedling hardening, including seedling hardening in bottles, cleaning and soaking, and seedling hardening outside the bottles;
the in-bottle hardening is to firstly sterilize the culture chamber, then gradually uncover the culture bottle of the tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata, in the culture chamber, and after 2 days of uncovering, the environmental conditions are kept consistent with those during tissue culture; then transferring the culture bottle to a position outside the bottle for hardening seedlings, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 85%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 22 ℃ and the air humidity to be more than 85%, and performing transitional culture for 5 days; the disinfection and sterilization treatment is to use 1200 mu W/cm2 ultraviolet light to radiate and sterilize for 85min in a culture room.
The cleaning and soaking are that tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata, are taken out of a culture bottle, divided into single plants and placed in a culture dish filled with 1.2 cm-deep clear water at room temperature for soaking for 2 hours, then the water changing and soaking are repeated for 5 times as above, after the water changing is carried out for the last time, the seedlings are continuously soaked for 1 day to promote rooting, and then the seedlings are soaked for 16min by using plant extracting solution.
The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the steps of mashing aloe, garlic, mulberry and giant knotweed, adding 7 times of hot ethanol by weight, refluxing for 22min for extraction, adding 11 times of water by weight into an extraction container, boiling until the ethanol is completely volatilized, filtering to obtain medicine residues and filtrate, and placing the filtrate at normal temperature.
The off-bottle hardening seedling comprises the following steps:
A. hardening off the seedlings at a proper temperature for the first time: planting the cleaned and soaked bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings in a matrix of a first seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of no root exposure, thoroughly watering root fixing water after planting, then covering a layer of coconut chaff with the covering thickness of 2cm, keeping ventilation, controlling shading to be more than 80%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 21 ℃, the air humidity at 82% and the matrix water content at more than 70%, and hardening the seedlings for 15-30 days;
B. and (3) hardening seedlings at low temperature: keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 75%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 17-19 ℃, the air humidity to be 80% and the substrate water content to be more than 65%, and carrying out primary low-temperature seedling hardening for 11 days; keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 79%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 15 ℃, the air humidity at 82% and the substrate water content at more than 69%, and carrying out low-temperature seedling exercising again for 15 days;
C. and (3) hardening seedlings at a proper temperature for the second time: transplanting the bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings subjected to low-temperature seedling hardening into a matrix of a second seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of no exposed roots, thoroughly watering the roots after planting, then covering a layer of field original soil with the covering thickness of 3cm, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading rate to be more than 76%, simultaneously keeping the temperature at 20 ℃, the air humidity at 79% and the water content of the matrix to be gradually reduced to be more than 64%, and hardening the seedlings for 15-30 days;
D. normal temperature seedling hardening: keeping ventilation, controlling shading to be more than 74%, simultaneously controlling the temperature to be consistent with the field temperature, controlling the air humidity to be more than 74%, controlling the water content of the matrix to be more than 64%, hardening seedlings for 21 days, and then planting in the field.
The substrate of the first seedling refining bed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of coconut coir, 10 parts of manufactured red loam, 8 parts of sawdust, 8 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of humus.
The substrate of the second seedling refining bed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19 parts of field original soil, 9 parts of coconut coir and 4 parts of herb residue; the medicinal residues are extracted medicinal residues of aloe, garlic, mulberry and giant knotweed rhizome.
5) Transplanting: firstly, applying base fertilizer, then building a soil moisture surface with the height of 20cm, the width of 110cm and the distance between the centers of ditches of 150cm, and then planting the hardened bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings on the soil moisture surface according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm; the base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly spraying 140kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the surface of a planting land.
6) Field management: irrigating the plots by using a sprinkling irrigation system regularly, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 45%; in the first year after transplanting, 120kg of farmyard manure is applied every 3 months, and in the first year after transplanting, 180kg of farmyard manure is applied every 3 months and 85kg of biogas slurry is applied.
Claims (9)
1. A field cultivation method of bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting land: selecting warm and moist red loam with deep soil layer, rich and loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matters at an altitude of 1600-2500 m;
2) land preparation: deeply turning over the selected land blocks by 30-50 cm, then crushing soil, solarizing for 5-8 days, applying decomposed farmyard manure until the content of organic matters in the soil is not lower than 3%, finally covering the soil with a heat-proof mulching film, performing steam sterilization, keeping the mulching film to be covered 2-5 days before field planting, and removing the mulching film;
3) a shading net with the height of 2-3 m and the height of 30-50% is built on the planting plots, and a sprinkling irrigation system capable of covering the whole planting plots is erected below the shading net and at the height of 1.6-1.8 m away from the ground surface;
4) hardening seedlings: selecting 9-10 months or 2-3 months to begin to acclimatize the seedlings, including acclimatizing the seedlings in bottles, cleaning and soaking the seedlings and acclimatizing the seedlings outside the bottles; the off-bottle hardening seedling comprises the following steps:
A. hardening off the seedlings at a proper temperature for the first time: planting the cleaned and soaked bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings in a matrix of a first seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of no root exposure, thoroughly watering root fixing water after planting, then covering a layer of coconut chaff with the covering thickness of 1-3 cm, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 80%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 20-22 ℃, the air humidity to be 80-85%, keeping the water content of the matrix to be more than 70%, and hardening the seedlings for 15-30 days;
B. and (3) hardening seedlings at low temperature: keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 75%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 17-19 ℃, the air humidity to be 80-82% and the water content of the substrate to be more than 65%, and carrying out primary low-temperature seedling hardening for 10-15 days; keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 75%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 14-16 ℃, the air humidity to be 80-82% and the water content of the substrate to be more than 65%, and carrying out low-temperature seedling hardening again for 10-15 days;
C. and (3) hardening seedlings at a proper temperature for the second time: transplanting the bletilla striata tissue culture rooted seedlings subjected to low-temperature seedling hardening into a matrix of a second seedling hardening bed, wherein the planting depth is equal to the degree of no exposed roots, thoroughly watering the roots after planting, then covering a layer of field original soil with the covering thickness of 2-4 cm, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 70%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 20-22 ℃, the air humidity to be 70-80%, gradually reducing the water content of the matrix to be more than 60%, and hardening the seedlings for 15-30 days;
D. normal temperature seedling hardening: keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 70%, simultaneously controlling the temperature to be consistent with the field temperature, controlling the air humidity to be more than 70%, controlling the water content of the matrix to be more than 60%, hardening seedlings for 20-30 days, and then planting in the field;
5) transplanting: firstly, applying base fertilizer, then building a furrow surface with the height of 15-25 cm, the width of 100-120 cm and the furrow center distance of 140-160 cm, and planting the hardened bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings on the furrow surface according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm;
6) field management: irrigating the plots by using a sprinkling irrigation system regularly, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 40-55%; and (3) applying 100-200 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure every 2-3 months in the first year after transplanting, and applying 100-200 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure and pouring 80-100 kg of biogas slurry every 3-4 months after transplanting in one year.
2. The method for cultivating bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings in field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil is crushed in step (2) to 5-2 mm 20%, 2-0.2 mm 50%, 0.2-0.02 mm 30%.
3. The field cultivation method of bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the hardening off of the seedlings in the bottle in the step (4) is to sterilize the culture chamber, then the culture bottle of the tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata is gradually uncovered in the culture chamber for 2-3 days, and the environmental conditions are kept consistent with those during tissue culture; then transferring the culture bottle to a position outside the bottle for hardening seedlings, keeping ventilation, controlling the shading to be more than 85%, simultaneously keeping the temperature to be 20-22 ℃ and the air humidity to be more than 85%, and performing transitional culture for 5-7 days; the disinfection and sterilization treatment is to use 1000-1200 mu W/cm in a culture room2And (5) sterilizing for 60-120 min by ultraviolet irradiation.
4. The method for cultivating bletilla striata in field according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning and soaking in step (4) comprises taking the tissue-cultured rooted seedlings of bletilla striata out of a culture bottle, dividing into individual plants, placing the individual plants in a culture dish filled with 0.5-2 cm deep room-temperature clear water, soaking for 1-3 h, repeating the water changing and soaking for 3-6 times, continuously soaking for 1-2 days after the last water changing to promote rooting, and soaking the seedlings in plant extract for 10-20 min.
5. The field cultivation method of bletilla striata and bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings according to claim 4, characterized in that the plant extracting solution is prepared by smashing aloe, garlic, mulberry and polygonum cuspidatum, adding 6-8 times of hot ethanol by weight, refluxing for 15-30 min for extraction, adding 8-12 times of water by weight into an extraction container, boiling until ethanol is completely volatilized, filtering to obtain medicine residues and filtrate, and placing the filtrate to normal temperature.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first seedling-hardening bed substrate is a mixture of erythroblasts or a mixture of erythroblasts; the manufactured red loam refers to red loam which does not contain clay grains or contains less than 1% of clay grains.
7. The method for cultivating bletilla striata and rhizoma bletillae tissue culture seedlings in a field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate of the first hardening bed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of coconut coir, 8-12 parts of manufactured red loam, 6-10 parts of sawdust, 6-10 parts of vermiculite and 6-10 parts of humus; the manufactured red loam refers to red loam which does not contain clay grains or contains less than 1% of clay grains.
8. The method for cultivating bletilla striata and rhizoma bletillae tissue culture seedlings in a field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate of the second hardening bed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of field raw soil, 6-10 parts of coconut coir and 3-5 parts of herb residues; the medicinal residues are extracted medicinal residues of aloe, garlic, mulberry and giant knotweed rhizome.
9. The method for cultivating bletilla striata and rhizoma bletillae tissue culture seedlings in a field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer application in the step (5) is to uniformly spread 100-150 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the surface of the planting land.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810060343.5A CN108184589B (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2018-01-22 | Large-field cultivation method for bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810060343.5A CN108184589B (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2018-01-22 | Large-field cultivation method for bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108184589A CN108184589A (en) | 2018-06-22 |
| CN108184589B true CN108184589B (en) | 2020-09-15 |
Family
ID=62590306
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810060343.5A Active CN108184589B (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2018-01-22 | Large-field cultivation method for bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108184589B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109169132A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-11 | 岭南生态文旅股份有限公司 | A kind of Hipeastrum vittalum (L Her.) Herb.- Amaryllisvittata Ait tissue-cultured seedling crop field efficient cultivation method |
| CN112997623A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-22 | 贵州丰萃农业发展有限公司 | High-density vegetable planting pre-culture weeding technology |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104904442A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-16 | 昆明兴海园林养护有限公司 | Method for planting bletillastriata under forest |
| CN106134666A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-11-23 | 重庆锦洪生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of planting technology of the bletilla striata |
| CN106417011A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 云南金碧制药有限公司 | Wild bletilla striata tissue culture rapid propagation method |
| CN107173222A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-09-19 | 河池乐康生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of wild bletilla striata quick breeding method for tissue culture |
| CN107182789A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-09-22 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | The standardized cultivation method of bletilla |
| CN107278571A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-10-24 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Bletilla seedling field-transplanting method |
| CN107278595A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-10-24 | 广西桂平市石龙镇江夏种养专业合作社 | A kind of standardized cultivation method of bletilla striata high yield |
| CN107466654A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-15 | 六盘水黔丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of efficiently method of reproducing bletilla striata tissue-cultured seedling and the growth belt method of the bletilla striata |
-
2018
- 2018-01-22 CN CN201810060343.5A patent/CN108184589B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104904442A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-16 | 昆明兴海园林养护有限公司 | Method for planting bletillastriata under forest |
| CN106134666A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-11-23 | 重庆锦洪生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of planting technology of the bletilla striata |
| CN106417011A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 云南金碧制药有限公司 | Wild bletilla striata tissue culture rapid propagation method |
| CN107173222A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-09-19 | 河池乐康生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of wild bletilla striata quick breeding method for tissue culture |
| CN107182789A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-09-22 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | The standardized cultivation method of bletilla |
| CN107278571A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-10-24 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Bletilla seedling field-transplanting method |
| CN107278595A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-10-24 | 广西桂平市石龙镇江夏种养专业合作社 | A kind of standardized cultivation method of bletilla striata high yield |
| CN107466654A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-15 | 六盘水黔丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of efficiently method of reproducing bletilla striata tissue-cultured seedling and the growth belt method of the bletilla striata |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108184589A (en) | 2018-06-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101647358B (en) | Method for shortening planting cycle of cloud angelica | |
| CN106831130A (en) | The implantation methods of Paris polyphylla | |
| CN105359808A (en) | Method for interplanting of scutellaria baicalensis and ginkgo biloba | |
| CN106576838A (en) | Panax notoginseng planting method | |
| CN104604510A (en) | Anoectochilus formosanus planting method | |
| CN106879321A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of taipei fritillary bulb | |
| CN104871800A (en) | Cultivation method of cape jasmines | |
| CN114025604A (en) | Interplanting method for arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials | |
| CN105766260A (en) | High-yielding cultivation method for rhizoma pinelliae | |
| CN105309152A (en) | High-yield eggplant planting method | |
| CN106576789A (en) | Manual planting method of Paris polyphylla | |
| CN108157098B (en) | Seedling hardening and transplanting method for tissue culture rooted seedlings of bletilla striata | |
| CN103430743B (en) | A soil Optimum Cultivation method of planting ginseng | |
| CN108184589B (en) | Large-field cultivation method for bletilla striata and tissue culture seedlings | |
| CN106508347A (en) | Method for cultivation of angelica sinensis | |
| CN106105764A (en) | A kind of cultural method of the organic green vegetable of booth | |
| CN103430744A (en) | Method for rapid breeding of fritillaria cirrhosa by means of fritillaria cirrhosa scales | |
| CN112106608A (en) | Strawberry seedling breeding method in northwest cold arid region | |
| CN107047026A (en) | A kind of plastic film mulch dense planting method of tuniclike psammosilene root | |
| CN1754424A (en) | Five-finger fig root standarded and industrilized seed breeding planting method | |
| CN114097559A (en) | Seedling transplanting method for arnebia euchroma | |
| CN107242005A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of ginger | |
| CN112425467A (en) | Planting method of flowering cabbage | |
| CN105917920A (en) | Tender ginger land continuous cropping cultivation method | |
| CN110313371A (en) | A kind of cultural method of plateau hat chrysanthemum |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20200721 Address after: 671000 baoguqing, Diantou village, Shaxi Town, Jianchuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province Applicant after: Jianchuan Yufeng Planting Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: 678000 Zuo Guan Village, Yun Rui community, Han Zhuang Town, Longyang District, Baoshan, Yunnan Applicant before: YUNNAN QIRUI BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |