CN111713327B - Planting method for intercropping tinospora root and pear trees - Google Patents
Planting method for intercropping tinospora root and pear trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN111713327B CN111713327B CN202010623193.1A CN202010623193A CN111713327B CN 111713327 B CN111713327 B CN 111713327B CN 202010623193 A CN202010623193 A CN 202010623193A CN 111713327 B CN111713327 B CN 111713327B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for intercropping tinospora cordifolia and pear trees, which comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, base fertilizer, bedding, transplanting, frame building, traction, field management (topdressing, intertillage weeding, pest control, irrigation and drainage, frame building, hilling overwintering, pear tree management), harvesting and the like. The invention intercrops the tinospora root and the pear tree, thereby improving the utilization rate of land resources. Moreover, the pear trees are utilized to shade, the use of sun-shading materials such as sun-shading nets and the like is reduced, the planting cost and the labor intensity are reduced, and the economic benefit is improved. In addition, the fertilizer special for the tinospora root can obviously improve the yield of the tinospora root medicinal material, has obvious economic benefit and social benefit and has obvious popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting, in particular to a planting method for intercropping tinospora root and pear trees.
Background
The traditional Chinese medicine Tinospora cordifolia is a dry root tuber of Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep in Tinospora of Menispermaceae or Tinospora capillipes Gagnep, is mainly distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces, is collected in the Chinese pharmacopoeia of the calendar edition, has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, relieving sore throat and pain, is commonly used for treating symptoms such as sore throat, carbuncle and furunculosis, diarrhea prescription, dysentery, abdominal pain and the like, is a main raw material of commonly used Chinese patent medicines such as compound radix codonopsis tablets, antelope lung-clearing granules, throat-clearing and moistening pills, hemorrhoid-eliminating and skin-cleaning ointment and the like, and is also a main raw material of commonly used heat-clearing and removing toxicity in hospitals.
Modern pharmacological studies show that tinospora cordifolia has obvious effects of resisting inflammation, relieving pain, resisting bacteria, inhibiting bacteria, resisting tumor, resisting radiation, lowering blood sugar, resisting stress, improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the like, and is a natural medicine capable of replacing antibiotics. With the progress of pharmacological research, more and more pharmaceutical enterprises and health food manufacturers develop products using tinospora sinensis as a main raw material, so that the demand of tinospora sinensis medicinal materials is rapidly increased, and wild resources which are originally rich in resources are in an endangered state and need artificial cultivation to promote resource regeneration and protection. Under the natural state of the field, the tinospora cordifolia is often scattered under forests, forest borders and bamboo forests, and the natural properties of preferring yin, being afraid of sunlight and being afraid of dampness are required to be shaded during artificial cultivation. However, in the prior art, the tinospora capillipes is used for shading, a shading net or a shading greenhouse is built, and shading materials need to be replaced every 1-2 years, so that the cost is high, the workload is large, and a large amount of land resources need to be occupied, so that an improvement space exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a planting method for intercropping tinospora root and pear trees.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting 3-5 year-old pear forest with plant-row spacing of 3.0 × 1.5 m;
(2) land preparation: preparing soil between two rows of pear trees, deeply turning by a rotary cultivator for 30-40cm, removing stones and weeds, and airing for 3-7 days;
(3) base fertilizer: covering the prepared land with fully decomposed base fertilizer, scattering compound fertilizer, turning the land with a rotary cultivator to uniformly mix the base fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the soil, and then disinfecting with quick lime;
(4) ridging: taking the center between two rows of pear trees as a starting point, respectively extending 40cm to the left and the right to form furrows with the width of 80cm and the height of 30 cm;
(5) transplanting: transplanting seedlings can be carried out for 3-5 months when the temperature is above 10 ℃. The method comprises the following steps: the Tinospora cordifolia seedlings have complete root tubers, the root tubers have no damage and diseases and insect pests, the weight of the root tubers of the seedlings is more than or equal to 5.0g, and the height of the seedlings is more than 15 cm; ditching on the prepared furrow with the depth of 5cm, transplanting seedlings according to the row spacing of 25 multiplied by 25cm, and thoroughly watering root fixing water to promote the seedlings to survive;
(6) building a frame: after the seedlings survive, inserting bamboo chips or bamboo strips near the seedlings on two sides of the ridge surface, building the ridge surface into a herringbone shape, and binding 1 bamboo chip or bamboo strip on the head and two legs of the herringbone shape respectively for 3 strips so as to strengthen the stability of the shelf;
(7) traction: pulling the seedlings onto bamboo chips or bamboo strips to wind the rattans onto the bamboo chips or bamboo strips;
(8) field management: the method is characterized by carrying out field management on the tinospora root, including topdressing, intertillage weeding, pest control, irrigation and drainage, ridging for overwintering and pear tree management.
Topdressing: topdressing fertilizer is applied for 1 time in two seasons of spring and summer every year, urea is used as a main fertilizer, 2.5-4.0kg of the topdressing fertilizer is applied to each mu every time, meanwhile, 1500-2000 times of liquid of the special fertilizer water solution for the tinospora root is irrigated near the root system of the tinospora, and the using amount of the special fertilizer for each mu is 1.0-2.0 kg; in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, fully decomposed sheep manure is uniformly covered on the furrow surface to improve nutrients, and the dosage per mu is 2.0 tons;
intertillage weeding: intertilling 4-5 times every year, and removing field weeds manually in combination with the intertilling;
and (3) pest control: when seedlings emerge in 4-5 months each year, underground pest control is carried out, and 50% phoxim missible oil is irrigated for 3-5 times at intervals of 7 days;
draining and irrigating water: irrigating water in due time when the water is dry; in rainy season, drainage is carried out in time, and waterlogging is avoided;
building a frame: reinforcing or replacing the loosened bamboo chips or bamboo splints;
ridging and overwintering: and (5) after frost, ridging timely. The depth of the soil is 2-3 cm;
managing the pear trees: pruning and pruning the pear trees to ensure that the canopy density of the tinospora plant is kept between 70 and 80 percent when the pear trees are in the ground space. When the pears are harvested 7-8 months per year, the canopy density is maintained between 70-80%, and the Tinospora cordifolia plants are preferably not damaged;
(9) harvesting: digging the root tuber of radix tinosporae in months 10-11 after transplanting for 5 years.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is sheep manure. The application amount of the sheep manure is 3 tons per mu.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is N, P2O5、K2O is as follows: 1: 1 proportion of the components. The application amount of the compound fertilizer is 15kg per mu.
Preferably, the width of the ridge surface of the tinospora cordifolia is 80 cm. The interval between the two sides of the tinospora root and the pear tree is 1.1 m.
Further, the special fertilizer for tinospora root is prepared by mixing mineral potassium fulvate and organic seaweed essence.
Preferably, each part of the special fertilizer for tinospora cordifolia contains 97% of mineral source potassium fulvate and 3% of organic seaweed extract by weight.
The fertilizer proportion of the mineral source fulvic acid potassium is that fulvic acid is more than or equal to 65 percent and K2O is more than or equal to 12 percent, and the water solubility is more than or equal to 99 percent.
The fertilizer of the organic seaweed extract comprises more than or equal to 25 percent of alginic acid and K2O is more than or equal to 22 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 50 percent, cytokinin is more than or equal to 2 percent, indoleacetic acid is more than or equal to 650ppm, and water solubility is more than or equal to 99 percent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a planting method for intercropping tinospora root and pear trees. Moreover, the pear trees are utilized to shade, the use of sun-shading materials such as sun-shading nets and the like is reduced, the planting cost and the labor intensity are reduced, and the economic benefit is improved. In addition, the fertilizer special for the tinospora root can obviously improve the yield of the tinospora root medicinal material, has obvious economic benefit and social benefit and has obvious popularization and application values.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below:
the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting 3-5 year-old pear forest with plant-row spacing of 3.0 × 1.5 m;
(2) land preparation: preparing soil between two rows of pear trees, deeply turning by a rotary cultivator for 30-40cm, removing stones and weeds, and airing for 3-7 days;
(3) base fertilizer: covering the prepared land with fully decomposed base fertilizer, scattering compound fertilizer, turning the land with a rotary cultivator to uniformly mix the base fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the soil, and then disinfecting with quick lime;
(4) ridging: taking the center between two rows of pear trees as a starting point, respectively extending 40cm to the left and the right to form furrows with the width of 80cm and the height of 30 cm;
(5) transplanting: transplanting seedlings can be carried out for 3-5 months when the temperature is above 10 ℃. The method comprises the following steps: the Tinospora cordifolia seedlings have complete root tubers, the root tubers have no damage and diseases and insect pests, the weight of the root tubers of the seedlings is more than or equal to 5.0g, and the height of the seedlings is more than 15 cm; ditching on the prepared furrow with the depth of 5cm, transplanting seedlings according to the row spacing of 25 multiplied by 25cm, and thoroughly watering root fixing water to promote the seedlings to survive;
(6) building a frame: after the seedlings survive, inserting bamboo chips or bamboo strips near the seedlings on two sides of the ridge surface, building the ridge surface into a herringbone shape, and binding 1 bamboo chip or bamboo strip on the head and two legs of the herringbone shape respectively for 3 strips so as to strengthen the stability of the shelf;
(7) traction: and drawing the seedlings onto the bamboo chips or bamboo strips, and winding the rattans onto the bamboo chips or bamboo strips.
(8) Field management: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out field management on the tinospora root, including topdressing, intertillage weeding, pest control, irrigation and drainage, ridging and overwintering and the like.
Topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 1 time in spring and summer, and 2.5-4.0kg of fertilizer is applied to each mu each time; in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, fully decomposed sheep manure is uniformly covered on the furrow surface to improve nutrients, and the dosage per mu is 2.0 tons;
intertillage weeding: intertilling 4-5 times every year, and removing field weeds manually in combination with the intertilling;
and (3) pest control: when seedlings emerge in 4-5 months each year, underground pest control is carried out, and 50% phoxim missible oil is irrigated for 3-5 times at intervals of 7 days;
draining and irrigating water: irrigating water in due time when the water is dry; in rainy season, drainage is carried out in time, and waterlogging is avoided;
building a frame: reinforcing or replacing the loosened bamboo chips or bamboo splints;
ridging and overwintering: and (5) after frost, ridging timely. The depth of the soil is 2-3 cm;
managing the pear trees: pruning and pruning the pear trees to ensure that the canopy density of the tinospora plant is kept between 70 and 80 percent when the pear trees are in the ground space. When the pears are harvested 7-8 months per year, the canopy density is maintained between 70-80%, and the Tinospora cordifolia plants are preferably not damaged;
(9) harvesting: digging the root tuber of radix tinosporae in months 10-11 after transplanting for 5 years.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is sheep manure. The application amount of the sheep manure is 3 tons per mu.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is N, P2O5、K2O is as follows: 1: 1 proportion of the components. The application amount of the compound fertilizer is 15kg per mu.
Preferably, the width of the ridge surface of the tinospora cordifolia is 80 cm. The interval between the two sides of the tinospora root and the pear tree is 1.1 m.
Further, the special fertilizer for tinospora root is prepared by mixing mineral potassium fulvate and organic seaweed essence.
Preferably, each part of the special fertilizer for tinospora cordifolia contains 97% of mineral source potassium fulvate and 3% of organic seaweed extract by weight.
The fertilizer proportion of the mineral source fulvic acid potassium is that fulvic acid is more than or equal to 65 percent and K2O is more than or equal to 12 percent, and the water solubility is more than or equal to 99 percent.
The fertilizer of the organic seaweed extract comprises more than or equal to 25 percent of alginic acid and K2O is more than or equal to 22 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 50 percent, cytokinin is more than or equal to 2 percent, indole BThe acid is more than or equal to 650ppm, and the water solubility is more than or equal to 99 percent.
The method is characterized in that measures of land selection, land preparation, base fertilizer, bedding, transplanting, frame building and traction are arranged on the same pear forest, blank, single application of urea and special fertilizer for urea plus tinospora is arranged on measures of top dressing in field management, and steps of intertillage weeding, pest control, irrigation and drainage, hilling overwintering, pear management and the like are the same. After 5 years of planting, the root tuber yield of the tinospora sinensis is measured, and the influence of different fertilization treatments on the root tuber yield of the tinospora sinensis is compared, and the result is shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the differences of tuber length, tuber thickness and fresh weight of tuber roots of different fertilization treatments are obvious, three indexes of the mixed application treatment of the urea and the special fertilizer for tinospora capillipes are higher than corresponding indexes of single application of the urea and the blank, and the mixed application of the urea and the special fertilizer for tinospora capillipes can obviously improve the yield of the tinospora capillipes.
TABLE 1 influence of different fertilization treatments on the root tuber yield index of tinospora
| Treatment of | Tuber length/mm | Thickness/mm of tuber | Fresh yield kg/667m2 |
| Blank space | 41.88±4.12c | 39.89±5.23b | 966±101c |
| Urea is applied singly | 47.45±5.33b | 47.64±5.64a | 1050±129b |
| Special fertilizer for urea and radix tinosporae | 55.44±6.76a | 51.21±6.23a | 1287±236a |
The same letters after the same column of data indicate no significant difference, the different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), and the following table is as follows.
In 3 rd to 5 th years of planting tinospora capillipes, seeds of the tinospora capillipes are picked every autumn and winter, and indexes of the tinospora capillipes seeds are influenced by different fertilization treatments, which are shown in table 2. As can be seen from table 2, the fresh weight differences of the seeds at 3 rd year, 4 th year and 5 th year after different fertilization treatments are significant, the fresh weight of the seeds at 3 rd year to 5 th year after the urea and the tinospora root special fertilizer are mixed and applied and treated are higher than the fresh weight of the seeds applied with the urea and the blank fertilizer alone, and the yield of the tinospora root seeds can be significantly improved by mixing and applying the urea and the tinospora root special fertilizer.
TABLE 2 influence of different fertilization treatments on the Tinospora cordifolia seed index
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are intended to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, including the species of the acerola intercropping plants, such as other trees or plants. Such variations and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A planting method for intercropping tinospora root and pear trees is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting 3-5 year-old pear forest with plant-row spacing of 3.0 × 1.5 m;
(2) land preparation: preparing soil between two rows of pear trees, deeply turning by a rotary cultivator for 30-40cm, removing stones and weeds, and airing for 3-7 days;
(3) base fertilizer: covering the prepared land with fully decomposed base fertilizer, scattering compound fertilizer, turning the land with a rotary cultivator to uniformly mix the base fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the soil, and then disinfecting with quick lime;
(4) ridging: taking the center between two rows of pear trees as a starting point, respectively extending 40cm to the left and the right to form furrows with the width of 80cm and the height of 30 cm;
(5) transplanting: transplanting seedlings when the temperature is above 10 ℃ for 3-5 months; the Tinospora cordifolia seedlings have complete root tubers, the root tubers have no damage and diseases and insect pests, the weight of the root tubers of the seedlings is more than or equal to 5.0g, and the height of the seedlings is more than 15 cm; ditching on the prepared furrow with the depth of 5cm, transplanting seedlings according to the row spacing of 25 multiplied by 25cm, and thoroughly watering root fixing water to promote the seedlings to survive;
(6) building a frame: after the seedlings survive, inserting bamboo chips or bamboo strips near the seedlings on two sides of the ridge surface, building the ridge surface into a herringbone shape, and binding 1 bamboo chip or bamboo strip on the head and two legs of the herringbone shape respectively for 3 strips so as to strengthen the stability of the shelf;
(7) traction: pulling the seedlings onto bamboo chips or bamboo strips to wind the rattans onto the bamboo chips or bamboo strips;
(8) field management: carrying out field management on the tinospora cordifolia, including topdressing, intertillage weeding, pest control, irrigation and drainage, building frames, hilling for overwintering and pear tree management;
topdressing: topdressing fertilizer is applied for 1 time in two seasons of spring and summer every year, urea is used as the main fertilizer, 2.5-4.0kg of the topdressing fertilizer is applied to each mu each time, and meanwhile, 1500-2000 times of liquid of the special fertilizer for the tinospora root is irrigated near the root system of the tinospora, and the dosage of each mu is 1.0-2.0 kg; in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, fully decomposed sheep manure is uniformly covered on the furrow surface to improve nutrients, and the dosage per mu is 2.0 tons;
intertillage weeding: intertilling 4-5 times every year, and removing field weeds manually in combination with the intertilling;
and (3) pest control: when seedlings emerge in 4-5 months each year, underground pest control is carried out, and 50% phoxim missible oil is irrigated for 3-5 times at intervals of 7 days;
draining and irrigating water: irrigating water in due time when the water is dry; in rainy season, drainage is carried out in time, and waterlogging is avoided;
building a frame: reinforcing or replacing the loosened bamboo chips or bamboo splints;
ridging and overwintering: after frost, ridging at proper time; the depth of the soil is 2-3 cm;
managing the pear trees: pruning and pruning the pear trees to keep the canopy density of the overground space of the tinospora capillipes plant between 70 and 80 percent; when the pears are harvested in 7-8 months every year, the canopy density is maintained to be 70-80%;
(9) harvesting: digging the root tuber of radix tinosporae in months 10-11 after transplanting for 5 years.
2. The planting method of intercropping tinospora root and pear tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the base fertilizer is sheep manure.
3. The planting method of intercropping tinospora root and pear tree as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the application amount of the sheep manure is 3 tons per mu.
4. The planting method of intercropping tinospora root and pear tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compound fertilizer is N, P2O5、K2O is as follows: 1: 1 proportion of the components.
5. The planting method of intercropping tinospora root and pear tree as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 15kg per mu.
6. The planting method of intercropping tinospora root and pear tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of the ridge surface of the tinospora root is 80 cm.
7. The planting method of intercropping tinospora root and pear tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fertilizer special for the tinospora root is prepared by mixing mineral potassium fulvate and organic seaweed essence; according to the weight ratio, the mineral source potassium fulvate contained in each part of the special fertilizer for tinospora cordifolia is 97 percent, and the organic seaweed extract is 3 percent.
8. The planting method of intercropping tinospora root and pear tree as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the fertilizer proportion of the mineral source fulvic acid potassium is that fulvic acid is more than or equal to 65 percent and K2O is more than or equal to 12 percent, and the water solubility is more than or equal to 99 percent; the fertilizer of the organic seaweed extract comprises more than or equal to 25 percent of alginic acid and K2O is more than or equal to 22 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 50 percent, cytokinin is more than or equal to 2 percent, indoleacetic acid is more than or equal to 650ppm, and water solubility is more than or equal to 99 percent.
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| CN108633590A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-12 | 桂林亦元生现代生物技术有限公司 | Forest-medicinal material-ecological environment three-dimensional planting method |
| CN110396016A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-11-01 | 湖北新洋丰肥业股份有限公司 | A kind of a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof containing alginic acid |
| CN109644616A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-19 | 重庆市中药研究院 | A kind of fast breeding method of limacia sagittata seedlings |
| CN110432102A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-12 | 华润三九（雅安）药业有限公司 | A kind of tinosporae cuttage breeding method |
| CN110367069A (en) * | 2019-08-03 | 2019-10-25 | 湖北金水源生物科技有限公司 | A kind of tinosporae hayashishita imitates wild directional hole control root cultural method |
| CN110526788A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-03 | 青岛佰蓝海藻有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of the polynary alga fertilizer of microparticle |
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