CN103214310B - Seedling raising substrate taking Chinese medicinal herb residue as raw material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seedling raising substrate taking Chinese medicinal herb residue as raw material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103214310B CN103214310B CN201310139843.5A CN201310139843A CN103214310B CN 103214310 B CN103214310 B CN 103214310B CN 201310139843 A CN201310139843 A CN 201310139843A CN 103214310 B CN103214310 B CN 103214310B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising substrate taking Chinese medicinal herb residue as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. The substrate comprises the following constituents of the Chinese medicinal herb residue, plant ash, perlite or medical stone and a fermentation auxiliary in volume ratio of (1-3):(1-3):(1-2):(0.001-0.0005). The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 1, fermenting the herb residue; and 2, preparing the end product. Compared with vegetables cultured by adopting other substrates, organic vegetables cultured by adopting the substrate contain abundant major elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and eighteen trace elements such as zinc, iron, selenium, copper, strontium, iodine, fluorine, metasilicic acid and the like; the substrate has the effects of promoting the health growth of plants, improving the abilities of resisting diseases, pests and natural disasters and improving the drought resisting ability of the plants; and the organic vegetables are higher in the contents of vitamin C and other vitamins and minerals, better in quality and higher in nutritive value compared with like products.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to a kind of seedling medium and preparation method thereof, relate to specifically a kind of seedling medium that Chinese herb residues is raw material and preparation method thereof of take, belong to facilities horticulture organic vegetable field.
Background technology
Organic vegetable refers in vegetables production process in strict accordance with organic production rules, do not use the materials such as agricultural chemicals, fertilizer, weed killer herbicide and growth regulator of any chemosynthesis, and do not use genetically engineered biological and product thereof, but follow the course of nature and ecological principle, take the agrotechnique of a series of sustainable developments, coordinate plantation balance, maintain agricultural ecosystem continual and steady, and through Organic Food Attestation mechanism, identify authentication, and issue the victual of organic food certificate.What the plantation of organic vegetable was particular about is safety, the natural mode of production, can promote well and maintain the ecological balance.Organic vegetable is without chemical residual, and mouthfeel is good, and is proved to be than common vegetable and has more nutrition.Organic vegetable enters into common people house abroad already, the organic vegetable of Japan is up to 80% popularity rate, the popularity rate of the Er U.S. is higher, along with Chinese growth in the living standard, organic vegetable also will more and more be subject to people's favor in China, people are day by day strong to the demand of safety food, and domestic market prospect is very optimistic.Therefore, thus horticultural crop to all realize organic soilless cultivation matrix.
Soilless culture, refers to the method for carrying out crop genetics without natural soil by matrix, is mainly used in gourd, fruit and vegetable or flower plants and nursery stock cultivation above, is that a water-saving is economized fertile saving of labor's high yield and high quality advanced technology again.
Substrate culture is a kind of mode of popularizing area maximum in soilless culture.It is that the root system of crop is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, supplies with crop alimentary liquid.
At present, conventional several seedling mediums have both at home and abroad: rock wool, frog stone, the peat composed of rotten mosses, slag ash, mushroom slag, perlite, fine sand, the luxurious chaff of charing, wood sawdust, coconut husk, reed end, plane slag, corncob, rice bran, cotton seed hulls, soybean curb residue and organic, the matrix that inorganic material and microorganism formulation are composite etc., in these base starting materials, between them, process is a certain proportion of composite, can solve the physical behavior of matrix, a good growing environment is provided to rice shoot, but the nutrient that it contains is limited, the nutrient of self can not meet the demand of seedling growth, need other Additional nutrient solution.
Along with applying of cultivation technique without soil, the demand of matrix is increasing, the kind of matrix is also more and more abundanter, the development trend that presents gradually sectionalization, customizations, current topmost matrix species is divided into two kinds of seedling medium and cultivation matrixes, seedling medium is divided into again the special-purpose seedling medium of vegetables, the special-purpose seedling medium of melon and fruit, raising rice seedlings dedicated substrate and the flower plants and nursery stock special use segmentation types such as (cuttage) matrix of growing seedlings, seedling medium is according to the dedicated substrate of root as nutrition organs needed nutrition and physico chemical factor preparation
China is Chinese medicinal material industry big country, and the discharge capacity of the annual Chinese medicine slag of China reaches more than 3,000 ten thousand tons, only has part to be used appropriately in these discarded objects, the overwhelming majority or by conventional method as burning and burying, not only to exhaust a large amount of funds, waste resource, and severe contamination environment.
Through retrieving domestic and international related documents, result shows: domesticly utilize Chinese medicine slag class organic waste research has some reports as cultivation matrix, as there are many pieces of research papers reports in the universities such as suburb, Wuzhou, Guangxi agricultural technique spread station, biology department of Anhui Normal University, Zhengzhou animal husbandry higher junior college bioengineering dept, Qujing of Yunnan health school and research unit.Do not see and utilize Chinese medicine slag class discarded object as the report of seedling medium both at home and abroad;
Comprehensive institute's searching document both at home and abroad, 1, domesticly have Chinese medicine slag class discarded object as the report of cultivation matrix, but there are no Chinese medicine slag class discarded object the report as seedling medium;
2, the external also report as the tomb matter of growing seedlings there are no Chinese medicine slag class discarded object.
3, the common issue that domestic and international currently used matrix exists: the nutrient containing in matrix is limited, and the nutrient of self can not meet the demand of seedling growth, needs other Additional nutrient solution, has certain technical difficulty in applying process.
summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of plant strain growth that impels healthy and strong, strengthen the ability of its Resistant and natural calamity, also have raising plant drought ability effect take the seedling medium that Chinese herb residues is raw material.
In order to address the above problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
The seedling medium that the Chinese herb residues of take is raw material, this matrix composition and volume calculating ratio are: Chinese herb residues 1-3: ash 1-3: perlite or medical stone 1-2: fermentation assistant 0.001-0.0005.
Below the further optimization of the present invention to such scheme:
The composition of described Chinese herb residues and volume calculating ratio are: Radix Codonopsis or ginseng or radix pseudostellariae 1-3: the coptis or golden cypress 1-3: kuh-seng 1-3; Matrimony vine 1-3: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 1-3: castor bean seed 1-3: Artemisia anomala 1-3: black snake 1-3.
Further optimize:
Described fermentation assistant is EM bacterium straw leavening.
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned preparation method of take the seedling medium that Chinese herb residues is raw material, and the method comprises the following steps:
1, the dregs of a decoction are fermented;
A, the fresh wet Chinese herb residues of water content 75-80% by Radix Codonopsis or ginseng radix pseudostellariae, the coptis or golden cypress, kuh-seng, matrimony vine, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, castor bean seed, Artemisia anomala, black snake after according to above-mentioned volume ratio mixing lixiviating effective components are directly pulverized 1 time;
B, airing one day, make water content be down to 65-70%, sprays EM bacterium straw leavening 1Kg/m
3admix Chinese herbal medicine slag muck and cover fermentation; Through 24~48 hours, heap temperature reached 65~75 degrees Celsius; Keep 10~15 hours, the fermentation of turning for the first time, builds rear continuation fermentation, evenly turns once every three days, after 6 days, every 3 days, evenly turns once; When temperature is reduced to 55 ℃, every 7 days, evenly turn once; When being down to environmental temperature, heap temperature fermented, and totally 35~40 days.
2, preparation finished product;
By the good Chinese herbal medicine slag charge of fermentation airing, add ash, perlite or medical stone, the Main physical index that even mixed matrix has is unit weight 0.4-0.6g/cm
3, overall porosity 52-60%, ventilative space 4-7%, water holding space 49-51%.
The organic vegetable that adopts this matrix formulations to plant out, than other substrate culture vegetables out, containing 18 kinds of trace elements such as abundant potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus macroelement and zinc, iron, selenium, copper, strontium, iodine, fluorine, metasilicic acid can impel plant strain growth healthy and strong, strengthen the ability of its Resistant and natural calamity, there is in addition the effect that improves plant drought ability.Other vitamins such as organic vegetable vitamin C and content of mineral substances are also higher.Better than like product quality, nutritive value is higher.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, a kind of Chinese herb residues is the organic seedling raising matrix of raw material, this matrix composition and volume calculating ratio are: Chinese herb residues 1: medical stone 1: vegetation charcoal 1: fermentation assistant 0.001, and described fermentation assistant is EM bacterium straw leavening, by Shandong, Jun De bio tech ltd produces.
The composition of described Chinese herb residues and volume calculating ratio are: Radix Codonopsis 1: the coptis 1: kuh-seng 1: matrimony vine 1: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 1: castor bean seed 1 Artemisia anomala 1: black snake 1.
Said herbal medicine slag is the following step for preparation method of the organic seedling raising matrix of raw material:
1, dregs of a decoction fermentation:
The fresh wet Chinese herb residues (water content 75-80%) of Radix Codonopsis, the coptis, kuh-seng, matrimony vine, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, castor bean seed, Artemisia anomala, black snake mixing lixiviating effective components is directly pulverized to 1 time and (fresh wet Chinese herb residues is scaled to dry matter weight, dry matter consumption is 80%), good fine day gas airing one day, make water content be down to 65-70%, spray EM bacterium straw leavening 1Kg/m
3admix Chinese herbal medicine slag muck and cover fermentation; Through 24~48h, heap temperature reaches 65~75, keeps 10~15 hours, and the fermentation of turning for the first time, builds rear continuation fermentation, evenly turns once every three days, after 6 days, every 3 days, evenly turns once; When temperature is reduced to 55 ℃, every 7 days, evenly turn once; When being down to environmental temperature, heap temperature fermented, and totally 35 days.
2, preparation finished product;
By the good Chinese herbal medicine slag charge of fermentation airing, add ash, medical stone, even mixed base
The Main physical index that matter has is unit weight 0.4g/cm
3, overall porosity 52%, ventilative space 4%, water holding space 49%.
In cucumber, tomato, pepper seedling raising test, cotyledon is open and flat, leaf look green, well developed root system, and gas permeability, uniting property of root system are good, can effectively prevent and treat nematode, and killing pathogenic bacteria, suppresses pathogenic bacteria in soil, alleviates figure and propagates disease, solves the problems such as continuous cropping obstacle.Use safety, ecological, environmental protective.Use this product can promote root system of plant flourishing, propose the strong strain of seedling, degraded medicament residue, improves product quality.
The organic vegetable that adopts this matrix formulations to plant out, than other substrate culture vegetables out, containing 18 kinds of trace elements such as abundant potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus macroelement and zinc, iron, selenium, copper, strontium, iodine, fluorine, metasilicic acid can impel plant strain growth healthy and strong, strengthen the ability of its Resistant and natural calamity, there is in addition the effect that improves plant drought ability.Other vitamins such as organic vegetable vitamin C and content of mineral substances are also higher.Better than like product quality, nutritive value is higher.
Implement 2, the present embodiment is that from the different of embodiment 1 matrix comprises that component and parts by volume are;
Chinese herb residues 2: perlite 2: vegetation charcoal 1:EM bacterium straw leavening 0.0003 evenly mixes.
The composition of described Chinese herb residues and volume calculating ratio are: ginseng 2: golden cypress 2: kuh-seng 2: matrimony vine 3: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 3: castor bean seed 3: Artemisia anomala 2: black snake 3.
Preparation process is substantially with embodiment 1, totally 36 days.
Through test determination, the matrix of the present embodiment, its unit weight is 0.5g/cm
3, overall porosity 55%, ventilative voidage 6%, water holding space 50%.
Implement 3, the present embodiment is that from the different of embodiment 1 matrix comprises that component and parts by volume are;
Chinese herb residues 3: perlite 3: vegetation charcoal 3:EM bacterium straw leavening 0.0005 evenly mixes.
The composition of described Chinese herb residues and volume calculating ratio are: ginseng 3: golden cypress 3: kuh-seng 3: matrimony vine 2: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 2: castor bean seed 2: Artemisia anomala 3: black snake 2.
Preparation process is substantially with embodiment 1, totally 40 days.
Through test determination, the matrix of the present embodiment, the Main physical index having is unit weight 0.6g/cm
3, overall porosity 60%, ventilative space 7%, water holding space 51%.
On the matrix that the present invention is adopted and market other matrix cucumber, tomato, capsicum, in carry out seedling growth test:
1. Asparagus: fertilizer: dried poultrymanure: composite fertilizer;
2. Asparagus: machine is fertile: composite fertilizer;
3. Asparagus: the peat composed of rotten mosses: composite fertilizer;
4. Asparagus: fertilizer: composite fertilizer;
5. Asparagus: chicken manure;
6. Chinese medicine slag: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite or medical stone.
experimental result is as follows:
EC value (us/cm)
Time | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
25/8 | 2400 | 3200 | 3200 | 5400 | 4500 | 724 |
2/9 | 1140 | 720 | 1900 | 1900 | 1200 | 510 |
8/9 | 880 | 618 | 1224 | 1120 | 918 | 480 |
22/9 | 643 | 700 | 970 | 1120 | 740 | 600 |
Emergence rate
Result shows, in cucumber, tomato, pepper seedling raising test, cotyledon is open and flat, leaf look green, well developed root system, gas permeability, uniting property of root system are good, can effectively prevent and treat nematode, killing pathogenic bacteria, suppress pathogenic bacteria in soil, alleviate figure and propagate disease, solve the problems such as continuous cropping obstacle.This matrix is used safety, ecological, environmental protective.Use this product can promote root system of plant flourishing, propose the strong strain of seedling, degraded medicament residue, improves product quality.
Different substrates emergence rate, growth potential, root system development have notable difference, the organic vegetable that adopts this matrix formulations to plant out, than other substrate culture vegetables out, containing 18 kinds of trace elements such as abundant potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus macroelement and zinc, iron, selenium, copper, strontium, iodine, fluorine, metasilicic acid can impel plant strain growth healthy and strong, strengthen the ability of its Resistant and natural calamity, there is in addition the effect that improves plant drought ability.Other vitamins such as organic vegetable vitamin C and content of mineral substances are also higher.Better than like product quality, nutritive value is higher.
Claims (2)
1. the seedling medium that the Chinese herb residues of take is raw material, is characterized in that: this matrix composition and volume calculating ratio are: Chinese herb residues 1-3: ash 1-3: perlite or medical stone 1-2: fermentation assistant 0.001-0.0005;
The composition of described Chinese herb residues and volume calculating ratio are: Radix Codonopsis or ginseng or radix pseudostellariae 1-3: the coptis or golden cypress 1-3: kuh-seng 1-3: matrimony vine 1-3: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 1-3: castor bean seed 1-3: Artemisia anomala 1-3: black snake 1-3;
Described fermentation assistant is EM bacterium straw leavening.
2. a preparation method of take the seedling medium that Chinese herb residues is raw material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1), the dregs of a decoction are fermented;
A, the fresh wet Chinese herb residues of water content 75-80% by Radix Codonopsis or ginseng radix pseudostellariae, the coptis or golden cypress, kuh-seng, matrimony vine, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, castor bean seed, Artemisia anomala, black snake after according to above-mentioned volume ratio mixing lixiviating effective components are directly pulverized 1 time;
B, airing one day, make water content be down to 65-70%, sprays EM bacterium straw leavening 1kg/m
3admix Chinese herbal medicine slag muck and cover fermentation; Through 24~48 hours, heap temperature reached 65~75 degrees Celsius; Keep 10~15 hours, the fermentation of turning for the first time, builds rear continuation fermentation, evenly turns once every three days, after 6 days, every 3 days, evenly turns once; When temperature is reduced to 55 ℃, every 7 days, evenly turn once; When being down to environmental temperature, heap temperature fermented, and totally 35~40 days;
2), preparation finished product;
By the good Chinese herbal medicine slag charge of fermentation airing, add ash, perlite or medical stone, the Main physical index that even mixed matrix has is unit weight 0.4-0.6g/cm
3, overall porosity 52-60%, ventilative space 4-7%, water holding space 49-51%.
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