CN108432593A - A kind of rice nursery substrate - Google Patents
A kind of rice nursery substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN108432593A CN108432593A CN201810586983.XA CN201810586983A CN108432593A CN 108432593 A CN108432593 A CN 108432593A CN 201810586983 A CN201810586983 A CN 201810586983A CN 108432593 A CN108432593 A CN 108432593A
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- compost
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- vinasse
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of rice nursery substrates, belong to crops seedling-raising technique field.The seedling medium of the present invention includes the raw material of following volumes score：Compost 40~80%, vermiculite 10~50% and perlite 1~20%.The seedling medium raw material sources of the present invention are extensive, cheap, reduce environmental pollution, can reinforce configuration and the recycling of resource.Using compost as major ingredient, the growth of rice can be effectively facilitated.Our experiments show that plant height, stem thickness, aerial part dry matter, under ground portion dry matter, N content of crop tissue, phosphorus content, potassium content and the root activity of rice seedling can be significantly improved using matrix of the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crops seedling-raising technique fields, and in particular to a kind of seedling medium of rice.
Background technology
Rice is one of the staple food crop in the world and one of the three big staple food grains in China, is the nearly half in the whole world
The staple food crop of population all occupies highly important status in the grain-production in China or even the world.
Rice nursery substrate used today includes mainly following two：One is with Honda soil, fertilizer and growth regulating
The matrix that agent etc. mixes, another kind are to pass through the matrix that different processing such as compost fermentation is process with other resources.
Traditional matrices are mainly using the good Honda soil of production performance or non-renewable resources peat as matrix raw material, though nursery effect
It is good, but because its is with single nutrient component, the destruction to soil plough horizon and the excessive use to non-renewable resources are unfavorable for agriculture life
The sustainable development of production and the health of ecological environment.New medium has that unit weight is light, raw material are cheap and easy to get, nutrient formula is suitable
Preferably, physicochemical property suitable for the advantages that.But also there are some problems to utilization of rice nursery substrate etc. at present.As used certain
A series of a little lighter material of quality water-retaining propertys after processings are improved, but seepage of water is still poor；Use vegetation
Grey nursery, the rice shoot brought out are on the weak side.Use the minerals such as vermiculite, perlite as rice nursery substrate, generally existing packing is poor,
The problems such as easy fracture when seedling taking seedling, when upper rice transplanter, easily fall apart.
Invention content
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to a kind of high-efficiency rice seedling medium, the strain of rice seedling can be significantly improved
Height, stem thickness, aerial part dry matter, under ground portion dry matter, N content of crop tissue, phosphorus content, potassium content and root activity.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
The present invention provides a kind of rice nursery substrates, include the raw material of following volumes score：Compost 40~80%, vermiculite
10~50% and perlite 1~20%.
Preferably, include the raw material of following volumes score：Compost 50~65%, vermiculite 20~35% and perlite 8~
15%.
Preferably, include the raw material of following volumes score：Compost 60%, vermiculite 30% and perlite 10%.
Preferably, the raw material of the compost includes vinasse and stalk, and the compost is to ferment after mixing vinasse and stalk
It obtains.
Preferably, the vinasse and the mixed C/N ratios of stalk are 26~30.
Preferably, the fermentation time of the compost is 30~40d.
The present invention provides a kind of rice nursery substrates, and raw material sources are extensive, cheap, reduce environmental pollution, and reinforce
The configuration of resource and recycling.Using compost as major ingredient, the growth of rice can be effectively facilitated.Our experiments show that using this
The obtained matrix of invention formula can significantly improve the plant height of rice seedling, stem thickness, aerial part dry matter, under ground portion dry
Weight, N content of crop tissue, phosphorus content, potassium content and root activity.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is total nitrogen content variation diagram in the compost treatment of different ratio；
Fig. 2 is content of tatal phosphorus variation diagram in the compost treatment of different ratio；
Fig. 3 is full potassium content variation diagram in the compost treatment of different ratio；
Fig. 4 is content of organic matter variation diagram in the compost treatment of different ratio；
Fig. 5 is C/N in the compost treatment of different ratio than changes of contents figure；
Fig. 6 is the compost GI of different ratio with the variation diagram of fermentation time；
Fig. 7 is temperature variation in the compost treatment of different ratio；
Fig. 8 is pH variation diagrams in the compost treatment of different ratio；
Fig. 9 is EC variation diagrams in the compost treatment of different ratio；
Figure 10 is water-cut variation figure in the compost treatment of different ratio.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of rice nursery substrates, include the raw material of following volumes score：Compost 40~80%, vermiculite
10~50% and perlite 1~20%.
Seedling medium of the present invention includes the compost of 40~80% volume fractions, and the volume fraction of the compost is preferred
It is 50~65%, more preferably 55~62%, most preferably 60%.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the compost,
Preferably through voluntarily preparing.The present invention carries out heap fermentation when preparing the compost after preferably mixing raw material.This hair
The bright raw material includes vinasse and stalk.There is no particular determination, the vinasse in source of the present invention to the vinasse and stalk
Preferably derive from Henan Xinxiang dragon's fountain the wine industry.Stalk of the present invention preferably includes the stalk of grass, the standing grain
Graminaceous plant includes preferably wheat, corn or rice, more preferably wheat or rice, most preferably wheat.The present invention
Water content when the raw material mixing is preferably 65~70%, more preferably 66~68%, most preferably 67.3%.Institute of the present invention
It is to ferment to obtain after mixing vinasse and stalk to state compost, and the vinasse and the mixed C/N ratios of stalk are preferably 26~30, more
Preferably 28~29.5, most preferably 28.06.After the present invention is mixed vinasse and stalk by the C/N ratios, accumulation hair is carried out
Ferment, the structure preferably circle pile shape structure when heap fermentation.The heap body basal diameter of round pile shape structure of the present invention is excellent
It is selected as 1.2~2m, more preferably 1.4~1.8m, most preferably 1.5m.The height of round pile shape structure of the present invention is preferably 0.8
~1.2m, more preferably 0.9~1.1m, most preferably 1m.When the present invention carries out heap fermentation, preferably moulded in heap body lower berth
Expect cloth, and by the way of manually accumulation gravity-flow ventilation.The time of fermentation of the present invention is preferably 30~40d, more preferably
For 34~37d, most preferably 36d.The present invention includes preferably turning process, the frequency of the turning in the fermentation process
Preferably 2~5d/ times, more preferably 2.5~4d/ times, most preferably 3d/ times.The present invention is in the fermentation process, in 6d
Fermentation temperature reaches 50 DEG C, reaches peak (70 DEG C) in 11d.Matrix of the present invention includes 10~50% volume fractions
Vermiculite.The volume fraction of vermiculite of the present invention is preferably 20~35%, more preferably 28~33%, most preferably 30%.
The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the vermiculite and grain size, utilizes the conventional vermiculite of this field.It is of the present invention
Vermiculite can improve the saturation moisture content of matrix, to promote the good growth of rice seedling.
Matrix of the present invention includes the perlite of 1~20% volume fraction.The parts by volume of perlite of the present invention
Number preferably 8~15%, more preferably 9~13%, most preferably 10%.Perlite of the present invention can improve the full of matrix
And water content, to promote the good growth of rice seedling.
In the present invention, vermiculite and perlite are added, the saturation moisture content of matrix can be improved, to promote rice seedling
Good growth, the seedling raising ground substance that inorganic, organic substrate mixes according to a certain percentage makes up the defect of single-matrix,
It is more suitable for the demand of rice growth in unit weight, nutrient content etc..In inventive embodiments and experimental example, T4, T5,
T6, T7 processing are with the obvious advantage in terms of matrix physicochemical property and seedling quality compared with T1, T2, T3 processing.To illustrate to add
The vermiculite and perlite of suitable proportion are more advantageous to the growth of rice seedling.
Rice nursery substrate provided by the invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment, but cannot be them
It is interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Select according to C/N than for 28.06 vinasse and wheat stalk mixing after compost fermentation, by compost, vermiculite and pearl
Rock is according to 6:3:After 1 volume ratio mixing, rice nursery substrate is obtained.
Comparative example is set according to the proportioning of table 1, is respectively designated as T1~T5 and T7~T8
The substrate composition table of 1 comparative example of table
Test rice growing experiment
Seed rice is sorted seed by salt water after drying 2~3d indoors with 20%, removes blighted grain and sundries, clear water wash away the surface of the seed
Salinity.Water logging vernalization, refreshes the water periodically.When 2mm is sprouted in seed water swelling, airing, sowing.By each of embodiment and comparative example
Matrix is adjusted to pH5.0 or so with 1.5% aqueous sulfuric acid respectively, routinely mode of production sabot nursery.Each processing is random
It puts, keeps growing environment consistent.Growth regulation samples for 22 days.
Reference《Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry》With《Soilless culture substrate physicochemical character assay method and its application study》In object
Physicochemical property assay method measures composting period respectively：Full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, organic matter, moisture content, germination index (GI),
Temperature, pH, EC, moisture content；And rice substrate seedling experimental stage matrix：PH, EC, unit weight, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium；It plants
Strain：Plant height, stem thickness, overground part dry weight, root dry weight, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, root activity.
1, each indication index of composting period different disposal with fermentation time variation
Concrete outcome is as shown in Fig. 1~10：The variation of content of tatal phosphorus is in totally first to increase afterwards to reduce to increase again finally to tend to
Stable trend；Full potassium content is slowly increased in 0~18d, is increased severely in 18~24d, is tended towards stability later.Terminate to compost,
It is 32.2g/kg that vinasse, which handle total nitrogen content, with preliminary phase than declining 2.6%；Vinasse+stalk processing total nitrogen content is 34.5g/
Kg promotes 35.0%；Vinasse+mushroom Slag treatment total nitrogen content is 35.5g/kg, promotes 15.0%.Vinasse, vinasse+stalk, vinasse+
The content of tatal phosphorus of mushroom Slag treatment increases 130.6%, 112.0%, 73.6% than compost initial stage respectively, and full potassium content compares compost respectively
Initial stage increases 475.8%, 296.8%, 486.3%.
The substantially linear downward trend of the content of organic matter of each processing compost, until at the end of compost, vinasse, vinasse+stalk,
The content of organic matter of vinasse+mushroom Slag treatment declines 41.7%, 41.0%, 24.2% compared with initial stage respectively.Wherein vinasse+mushroom Slag treatment
The range of decrease it is minimum.The C/N values respectively handled are on a declining curve with the continuity of stacking time.To compost, vinasse, vinasse+
The GI of stalk, vinasse+mushroom Slag treatment is respectively 86.3%, 97.7%, 93.2%.
In entire composting process, each temperature changing trend for handling heap body is almost the same, declines afterwards in first increasing, finally
The trend to tend to be steady.Three processing started to warm up since second day, and wherein vinasse+mushroom Slag treatment heating is most soon in 3d
Reach 50 DEG C, reaches peak (70 DEG C) in 8d；Vinasse processing 4d after compost reaches 54 DEG C, reaches peak in 9d
(67℃)；Vinasse+stalk processing reaches 50 DEG C in 6d, reaches peak (70 DEG C) in 11d.
The pH value of vinasse, vinasse+stalk, vinasse+mushroom slag three processing is in increased trend on the whole, at the end of compost
PH value than it is initial when increase, be respectively increased 79.2%, 16.6%, 12.5%.Wherein vinasse processing was fermented entirely
Rise always in journey, and increasing degree at the end of compost is maximum；And vinasse+stalk, vinasse+processing of mushroom slag two are in compost
When starting stage, that is, 0-6d, pH value is declined slightly.It is kept between 6.6~6.7 in the pH in compost later stage, three processing.Heap
At the end of fertilizer, the EC values of three processing are increased between 4.4~5.6ms/cm ranges.
In entire composting process, moisture is in the trend being gradually reduced, the wherein loss of moisture in three processing
0~18d is occurred mainly in, and the moisture loss in later stage is less.Vinasse, vinasse+stalk, vinasse+mushroom slag three are handled initial
Moisture content is respectively 66%, 67.3%, 66.2%, and at the end of compost, water content maintains 37.4%~43.5%.In entire heap
During fertilizer, the water loss amounts of 3 processing be respectively 37.4% (vinasse processing), 43.5% (vinasse+stalk handle) and
40.2% (vinasse+mushroom Slag treatment).
2, it is as shown in table 2 respectively to handle rice matrix physicochemical character for embodiment 1 (T6) and comparative example (T1 and T7) different ratio
2 different ratio of table handles rice matrix physicochemical character
The EC values of tri- processing of T1, T2, T3 are in 4ms/cm or more, unit weight in 0.6g/cm3More than, T4, T5, T6 are (real
Apply example 1), the EC values of the processing of T7, T8 five are in 2.6ms/cm or less, unit weight in 0.338~0.459g/cm3Between, it is significantly low
In T1, T2, T3 processing.The unit weight of T6 (embodiment 1) is 0.459g/cm3, the significant difference with other processing.T6 (embodiment 1)
Processing nitrogen, potassium content are significantly higher than other 7 processing, have been respectively increased 1.25~4.75 times, 1.10~7.97 times；T6 (is implemented
Example 1) processing rice seedlings phosphorus content it is slightly lower compared with T7, but be significantly higher than other processing.
3, influence of the different ratio matrix to rice seedling economical character and nutrient content is as shown in table 3
3 different ratio of table handles rice seedling economical character and nutrient content
T6 (embodiment) processing the plant height of rice seedling, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, root activity etc. most
It is excellent.From the point of view of rice seedling plant height, embodiment handles highest, higher by 9~13.94% than other processing；N content of crop tissue, except at T3
Reason is outer, and embodiment is higher by 12.68~20% than other processing.The plant phosphorus content highest of embodiment, 5 are increased than other processing~
106%.Compared with phosphorus content in matrix, phosphorus content is relatively low in rice seedling, is primarily due to phosphorus and is easily fixed in matrix, is led
Cause the utilization ratio of phosphorus not high.Plant potassium content T6 (embodiment) processing is higher than each processing 5.77~21%.
Embodiment processing in terms of rice stem thickness, overground part dry weight, underground part dry weight is optimal processing, respectively than T8 at
Reason is higher by 2.17~30.4%, 6.16~47.62%, 7.16~45.61%.
4, medium characteristics and paddy growth index relationship
4 young rice seedlings growth index of table and matrix physicochemical property correlation analysis
Note：* for when confidence level (double surveys) is 0.05, correlation is significant；
For * when confidence level (double surveys) is 0.01, correlation is extremely significant.
Matrix EC is in extremely significantly correlated with matrix unit weight, matrix phosphorus content, matrix potassium content, with matrix nitrogen content in notable
It is related；Matrix unit weight is with matrix phosphorus in extremely significantly correlated；Between matrix nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content be in it is notable or extremely significantly correlated, by
This illustrates that matrix EC has reacted the indigenous nutrient supply capacity of matrix to a certain extent.
The plant height of plant is in extremely aobvious with matrix nitrogen, potassium content, hundred plants of overground part dry weights, hundred plants of root dry weights, root activity
Correlation is write, is in significantly correlated with matrix EC, matrix phosphorus, stem thickness；Plant stem thickness, hundred plants of root dry weights, is planted at hundred plants of overground part dry weights
Strain phosphorus, root activity are with matrix EC, unit weight, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content in notable or extremely significantly correlated；The stem thickness of plant and plant
Phosphorus content is in significantly correlated, is in extremely significantly correlated with root activity；Hundred plants of overground part dry weights, hundred plants of root dry weights contain with plant phosphorus
Amount, root activity are in extremely significantly correlated.Thus the quality that plant strain growth can be explained is close with the physicochemical property and nutrient content of matrix
Cut phase is closed, while also closely related between the Some Agronomic Traits of plant.
By to the analysis of rice seedling economical character and nutrient content：Matrix provided by the invention, to rice children
Plant height, stem thickness, aerial part dry matter, under ground portion dry matter, N content of crop tissue, phosphorus content, potassium content and the root system of seedling are lived
The resultant effect of power is best, and whole better than commodity matrix, can be used as rice nursery substrate use.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of rice nursery substrate, which is characterized in that include the raw material of following volumes score：Compost 40~80%, vermiculite 10
~50% and perlite 1~20%.
2. seedling medium according to claim 1, which is characterized in that include the raw material of following volumes score：Compost 50~
65%, vermiculite 20~35% and perlite 8~15%.
3. seedling medium according to claim 1, which is characterized in that include the raw material of following volumes score：Compost 60%,
Vermiculite 30% and perlite 10%.
4. according to claims 1 to 3 any one of them seedling medium, which is characterized in that the raw material of the compost includes vinasse
And stalk, the compost are to ferment to obtain after mixing vinasse and stalk.
5. seedling medium according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the vinasse and the mixed C/N ratios of stalk are 26
~30.
6. seedling medium according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the fermentation time of the compost is 30~40d.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114532168A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-05-27 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所(南京市花卉科学研究所) | Method for producing watermelon and melon seedling raising substrate by using kitchen garbage |
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| CN114532168A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-05-27 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所(南京市花卉科学研究所) | Method for producing watermelon and melon seedling raising substrate by using kitchen garbage |
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