CN104969755B - A kind of method for improving shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood transplanting survival rate - Google Patents
A kind of method for improving shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood transplanting survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104969755B CN104969755B CN201510380795.8A CN201510380795A CN104969755B CN 104969755 B CN104969755 B CN 104969755B CN 201510380795 A CN201510380795 A CN 201510380795A CN 104969755 B CN104969755 B CN 104969755B
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- leaved yellowhorn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of seeds nursery stock, and in particular to a kind of method of raising shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood transplanting survival rate, the method comprise the steps：First, planting site is made preparation for ploughing and sowing pre-treatment：1st, planting site selects soil layer thick for 60 80cm, the neutral or alkalescence loam of 7 ＜ pH ＜ 8.5；2nd, planting site prepares：Farm manure 3000kg/ mus are applied before making preparation for ploughing and sowing；3rd, site preparation, ridging；2nd, the lifting of transplanted seedling, root system shaping cleaning and plant：1st, using artificial lifting, during lifting, root system otch is neat；2nd, root system shaping cleaning；3rd, transplanted seedling tree；3rd, the field management after shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood is transplanted：1st, forest land control water；2nd, loosen the soil and remove；3rd, final management and maintenance：Apply fertilizer every year and water 34 times within 2nd 5 year, weed with a hoe 2 times, you can.Shiny-leaved yellowhorn transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks is successfully brought up to more than 85% by less than 20% before taking measures by the technical method, and the improved variety popularization for shiny-leaved yellowhorn provides technology guarantee.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of seeds nursery stock, and in particular to a kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood that improves is transplanted into
The method of motility rate.
Background technology
Due to shiny-leaved yellowhorn（Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunde）Drought-enduring, cold-resistant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, during 12
It is defined as in 6 kinds of Tree Species as Bio-energy by the State Administration of Forestry, is uniquely adapted to the ligniform biomass oil plant in northern area plantation
Energy seeds.Shiny-leaved yellowhorn seed oil content is high, and after removing kind of skin, benevolence oil content is 60% or so, containing protein 25%, insatiable hunger in oil
94% is up to the content of aliphatic acid, wherein linoleic acid content accounts for 36%, oleic acid accounts for 57%, therefore, shiny-leaved yellowhorn acts not only as life
The material source of thing diesel oil, can act also as the raw material of table oil and medication chemistry.Driven by high economic interests,
Twentieth century 60-70 ages, earlier 2000s are in the national upsurge for successively having started and having planted shiny-leaved yellowhorn twice.But shiny-leaved yellowhorn is tied
The shedding of fruit tree young fruit is serious, yields poorly and the low technical barrier of naked transplanting survival rate of seedling, becomes restriction shiny-leaved yellowhorn in the whole nation
Scale and improved variety plantation two big technical bottlenecks.
At present, in China's overwhelming majority shiny-leaved yellowhorn growing area, shiny-leaved yellowhorn typically sows cultivation of growing directly from seeds using seed, due to text
" thousand spend a fruit " characteristic of hat fruit, has defined substantial amounts of low production forest or Low-efficiency forest in national shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting area, has hindered
The enthusiasm of enterprise or Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households shiny-leaved yellowhorn.Want to realize the high-yield culturing of shiny-leaved yellowhorn, only carry out improved variety cultivation, and
High bare-root seeding wood transplanting survival rate is a prerequisite for realizing the plantation of shiny-leaved yellowhorn improved variety Rapid Popularization again.
The large-scale plantation enterprise of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn such as the Inner Mongol, Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang or peasant household in recent years, all because shiny-leaved yellowhorn is naked
Root transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks is low and bear huge economic loss, the plantation of national shiny-leaved yellowhorn gets into a difficult position.One kind was searched out both
Shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood transplanting survival rate can be improved and the technical method of follow-up big tree survival rate can be kept, become solution shiny-leaved yellowhorn
The key point of scale improved variety plantation.
Through the literature search to CNKI, all places and the general three big China Journal Net of dimension, yet there are no relevant by shiny-leaved yellowhorn
Naked is transplanted the relevant report that shoot survival percent is brought up to more than 85% technology by less than 20% before taking measures.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：Solve the key technology in shiny-leaved yellowhorn breeding large-scale planting, i.e. shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding
The low technical barrier of wooden transplanting survival rate, the fast development for China's shiny-leaved yellowhorn industry provide technical support.
Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of method for improving shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood transplanting survival rate, the method bag
Include following step：First, planting site is made preparation for ploughing and sowing pre-treatment：1st, planting site is selected：Planting site is selected in traffic convenience, leeward to face south, and is filled
Irrigate and excessively drained field, wherein, soil layer is thick for 60-80cm, the neutral or alkalescence loam of 7 ＜ pH ＜ 8.5；2nd, planting site
Prepare：The farm manure 3000kg/ mus for becoming thoroughly decomposed uniformly are applied in the autumn of the previous year of making preparation for ploughing and sowing, and planting site is ploughed deeply；3rd, it is whole
Ground, ridging：In four months then, the first tenday period of a month transplant front to planting site ridging, and its specification is：Width 85-95cm, bottom width 115- on ridge
125cm, high 35-45 cm；Width 100-120cm, bottom width 75-85cm, deep 35-45cm on furrow；2nd, the lifting of transplanted seedling, root system
Shaping is cleared up and is transplanted：1st, lifting：Before Corpping in North Xinjiang the first tenday period of a month shiny-leaved yellowhorn bud in annual four months is sprouted, risen using artificial
Seedling, shiny-leaved yellowhorn seedling age 2-3, during lifting, root system otch is neat；2nd, root system shaping cleaning：Before plant, to damaging root, old complaint and mistake
Long root carries out pruning cleaning, and clip is smooth, and the surface of a wound is little；3rd, transplanted seedling tree：Kind of a plant hole plant nursery stock, scene are dug on plantation alley
Dig and plant, soil moisture content is in 70-80% on its ridge；Wherein, planting plant hole specification is：Long 35-45cm, width 35-45cm and depth
35-45cm；Planting plant hole density specification is：Spacing in the rows 190-210cm, line-spacing 190-210cm；3rd, after shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood is transplanted
Field management：1st, forest land control water：Nursery stock transplanting carries out first time furrow irrigation after 7-10 days, after, poured water once every 45 days, year
Pour water 4 times, promote seedling growth；2nd, weed with a hoe：After guaranteeing that treelet survives, start to weed with a hoe, weed with a hoe 2-3 every year
It is secondary；3rd, final management and maintenance：2-5 applies fertilizer every year and waters 3-4 time, weeds with a hoe 2 times, you can.
In step one, width 90cm, bottom width 120cm, high 40 cm on preferred ridge；Width 110cm, bottom width 80cm on furrow, it is deep
40cm.In step 2, planting site soil moisture content preferably 70%.In step 2, plant plant hole specification and be preferably：Long 40cm, width 40cm
And depth 40cm；Plant plant hole density specification to be preferably：Spacing in the rows 200cm, line-spacing 200cm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Shiny-leaved yellowhorn belongs to the system of taproot seeds of meat, and nursery stock is easily caused during lifting
The mechanical damage of root system, just occurs rotten after damage location contact water after transplanting, subsequently rotten position can be by root system injury region
Axial root system is gradually spread to, the whole strain of nursery stock is eventually caused dead.Through exploration for many years and research practice, by substantial amounts of field
Test, explore it is a set of prevent seedling from the rotten effective ways of root system occurring in migration process, the enforcement of this method can be with
Shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood transplanting survival rate is brought up to into more than 85% by less than 20% before taking measures, shiny-leaved yellowhorn is greatly reduced
Bare-root seeding wood transplants the death rate.
Typically, in the Northwest of China, drought and water shortage is to restrict the key factor that forest survives and grows, conventional seedling
Wood is cultivated and transplantation technique, and what is considered first is the problem that transplanted seedling is irrigated in time.Therefore in production of forestry after nursery stock transplanting, one
As conventional method be exactly to water in time, and pour permeable, to ensure demand of the nursery stock to moisture content.For a long time, shiny-leaved yellowhorn nursery stock moves
1-3 is poured after cultivation in time all over permeable in a large number the water mode lasting with the treelet phase, rotten of a large amount of transplanted plantlets is caused dead.Pass through
Experiment in cultivation for many years, sums up three prevention and control supplementary measures, can significantly improve shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding transplanting survival rate：1st, transplanted seedling
The shaping cleaning of root system.During shiny-leaved yellowhorn nursery stock lifting, inevitably root system is caused to damage, in order that the damage surface of root connects
The position of tactile water reaches the minimum of area, and it is then necessary the shaping of damage root, long to be cleared up before transplanting, and purpose is exactly
The area of section that water is contacted after damaging root is reduced as far as possible, to reduce the probability of root rot.2nd, Root growth.In drought and water shortage
The Northwest, afforestation typically planted using furrow planting, ridge cultivation or fish-scale pit etc., can so play a part of water saving soil moisture conservation, increase
Forest is utilized to the efficiency of moisture.But the toe ponding of shiny-leaved yellowhorn nursery stock and the big tree of result is easy to be there is root rot and leads
It is lethal to die, the big tree of shiny-leaved yellowhorn survived in Xinjiang due to planting type, the improper and murderous phenomenon of irrigation method also when have
Occur, so on the ridge that shiny-leaved yellowhorn transplanted seedling has directly been planted in, it is possible to avoid nursery stock due to follow-up watering Irrigation not
When causing root rot and dead.The distribution that shiny-leaved yellowhorn transplanted plantlet horizontal branch is tied up in soil is concentrated mainly under soil
In the range of 10-40cm, the ditch depth for pouring ditch is designed as 40cm or so, and so during irrigating to nursery stock, moisture can be with
It is applied to up to the soil region of Root Distribution by the soil permeability of irrigation canals and ditches and keeps the moistening of root soil, water will not be direct
, excessive contact root system, can thus avoid damage to the excessive water of root system directly contact and cause root rot.3rd, transplanted seedling
Water control technique measure.Shiny-leaved yellowhorn nursery stock is fleshy root, and root system growing model is higher, and planting site soil moisture content is in 70-80% in addition,
Do not irrigate within 7-10 days after transplanting, do not result in the death of transplanted seedling.Drought stress of the seedling root through a period of time, root system wound
Mouth will heal and gradually promote calli induction, and the probability for root rot occur will be substantially reduced, and this ensures that there
The transplanting survival rate of nursery stock.In a word, technical finesse, the Root growth and forest land control water skill such as shaping cleaning is taken to transplanted seedling root
The three technology measure such as art, can greatly improve shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding transplanting survival rate, and wherein ridge plants technology application and forest land control water
Technology belongs to propose first.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1, the cultural method and process that improve shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood transplanting survival rate：
First, planting site is required：1st, planting site is selected：Planting site should be selected in traffic convenience, leeward to face south, and soil layer is thick（60-
80cm）Loam, pH is neutral or alkalescence（PH ﹤ 8.5）, irrigation conditions is excellent, excessively drained field；2nd, planting site prepares：Will
Ask and the farm manure 3000kg/ mus that become thoroughly decomposed uniformly are applied in the autumn of the previous year, and soil is ploughed deeply；3rd, site preparation, ridging：When
Year, the beginning of April carried out ridging to soil before transplanting, and its specification is：Width 90cm on ridge, bottom width 120cm, high 40 cm；It is wide on ditch
110cm, bottom width 80cm, deep 40cm；
2nd, the lifting of transplanted seedling, heel in, root system shaping cleaning and transplant：1st, lifting：In Corpping in North Xinjiang typically every
Before in year the beginning of April, the first tenday period of a month shiny-leaved yellowhorn bud is sprouted, using artificial lifting, seedling age 2-3, require to accomplish to hinder root, root system less during lifting
Otch is neat；2nd, root system shaping cleaning：Before plant, with shrub and hedge trimmer will damage root, old complaint, long etc. prune cleaning, it is desirable to cut
Mouth is smooth, and the surface of a wound is little；3rd, transplanted seedling tree：In ridge Shang Wa caves plant nursery stock.Requirement is dug and is planted.Soil moisture content is required
70%-80%.If antecedent soil moisture, can be poured water before plant, soil moisture content is transplanted when reaching plant necessary requirement again, is planted
Cave requires：40×40×40m；Planting density is required：200cm×200cm；4th, heel in：To the nursery stock that can not be transplanted on time, it is desirable to
Heel in time, selection of seedling is heeled in planting site areas adjacent, select in wind sheltering shady spot, soil moisture content requires left 70%
The right side, forbids watering, sprays water；
3rd, the tending management after nursery stock transplanting：1st, forest land water control technique：Furrow irrigation first time after 7-10 days after nursery stock transplanting,
After, poured water once every 45 days, pour water in year 4 times, to ensure plant percent and promote seedling growth；2nd, weed with a hoe：Really
After guarantor treelet survives, start to weed with a hoe.Typically weed with a hoe in year 2 times；3rd, final management and maintenance：2-5 combines fertilising every year, pours
Water 3-4 time, weeds with a hoe 2 times.
Conclusion：To shiny-leaved yellowhorn transplanted seedling using supporting technologies such as water control techniques after root system shaping cleaning, Root growth, plant
Measure, can effectively facilitate root system wound and heal early and calli induction, and the generation of rotten is prevented after watering, and improve Wen Guan
Fruit bare-root seeding wood transplanting survival rate.The technical method is successfully by shiny-leaved yellowhorn transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks by 20% before taking measures
More than 85% is brought up to below, the improved variety popularization for shiny-leaved yellowhorn provides technology guarantee.The technology is dry suitable for NW China
Drought-hit area has the deep shiny-leaved yellowhorn growing area of man-made irrigation condition and soil layer, but is not suitable for sand soil growing area.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for improving shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood transplanting survival rate, it is characterised in that：The method comprises the steps：
First, planting site is made preparation for ploughing and sowing pre-treatment：1st, planting site is selected：Planting site is selected in traffic convenience, leeward to face south, and is irrigated and draining
Good plot, wherein, soil layer is thick for 60-80cm, the neutral or alkalescence loam of 7 ＜ pH ＜ 8.5；2nd, planting site prepares：
Make preparation for ploughing and sowing autumn of the previous year uniformly applies the farm manure 3000kg/ mus for becoming thoroughly decomposed, and planting site is ploughed deeply；3rd, site preparation, ridging：
In four months then, the first tenday period of a month transplant front to planting site ridging, and its specification is：Width 90cm, bottom width 120cm, high 40cm on ridge；On furrow
Wide 110cm, bottom width 80cm, deep 40cm；
2nd, the lifting of transplanted seedling, root system shaping cleaning and plant：1st, lifting：Corpping in North Xinjiang the first tenday period of a month text in annual four months
Before hat fruit bud sprouts, using artificial lifting, shiny-leaved yellowhorn seedling age 2-3, during lifting, root system otch is neat；2nd, root system shaping cleaning：
Before plant, pruning cleaning is carried out to damage root, old complaint and long, clip is smooth, and the surface of a wound is little；3rd, transplanted seedling tree：In planting site
Kind of a plant hole plant nursery stock is dug on ridge, scene is dug and planted, soil moisture content is 70% on its ridge；Wherein, planting plant hole specification is：It is long
40cm, width 40cm and depth 40cm；Planting plant hole density specification is：Spacing in the rows 200cm, line-spacing 200cm；
3rd, the field management after shiny-leaved yellowhorn bare-root seeding wood is transplanted：1st, forest land control water：Nursery stock transplanting carries out first time ditch after 7-10 days
Fill, after, poured water once every 45 days, pour water in year 4 times, promote seedling growth；2nd, weed with a hoe：After guaranteeing that treelet survives, open
Beginning weeds with a hoe, and weeds with a hoe 2-3 time every year；3rd, final management and maintenance：2-5 applies fertilizer every year and waters 3-4 time, weeds with a hoe 2
It is secondary, you can.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108739000A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | A kind of method for transplanting and breeding method improving shiny-leaved yellowhorn sapling survival rate |
| CN110754276A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-02-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Transplanting method of xanthoceras sorbifolia seedlings in desert soil |
| CN109006143A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-18 | 甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院 | A kind of interplanting method of arid biogeographic zone shiny-leaved yellowhorn and Radix Astragali |
| CN109566331A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-04-05 | 美丽国土（北京）生态环境工程技术研究院有限公司 | Shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting soil and cultural method |
| CN113197001A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-03 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Method for preventing and treating xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge root rot |
| CN113439603B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-04-12 | 黑龙江省林业科学院伊春分院 | Method for protecting acanthopanax seedlings from being in-situ |
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| CN101536644A (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2009-09-23 | 北京金桐福绿色能源科技有限公司 | Method for fast asexual propagation by cottage at root and sowing roots of shinyleaf yellowhorn |
| CN101843204A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2010-09-29 | 石河子大学 | Shiny-leaved yellowhorn non-irrigation culture method |
| CN102172155A (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2011-09-07 | 新疆林业科学院 | Method for reducing fruit drop of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge during young fruit period |
| CN104303859A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-01-28 | 马绍两 | Shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting method |
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