CN104969755A - Method for increasing transplanting survival rate of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge bare-root nursery stocks - Google Patents
Method for increasing transplanting survival rate of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge bare-root nursery stocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN104969755A CN104969755A CN201510380795.8A CN201510380795A CN104969755A CN 104969755 A CN104969755 A CN 104969755A CN 201510380795 A CN201510380795 A CN 201510380795A CN 104969755 A CN104969755 A CN 104969755A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tree nursery stock cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for increasing the transplanting survival rate of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge bare-root nursery stocks. The method comprises the steps of 1, farming preparation pretreatment of a planting site; 2, lifting of transplanted seedlings, shaping and clearing of root systems, and planting; 3, field management after xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge bare-root nursery stock transplantation. The first step further comprises the steps of selecting the planting site which contains neutral or alkalescent loam with a pH value ranging between 7 and 8.5, wherein the depth of the soil layer is 60-80 cm; preparing the planting site, wherein farmyard manure is applied 3000 kg/mu before farming preparation; preparing soil and ridging. The second step further comprises the steps of conducting seedling lifting manually, wherein the root systems are cut neatly during seedling lifting; shaping and clearing the root systems; planting the nursery stocks. The third step further comprises the steps of water control of forest land; soil loosening and weeding; final management and maintenance, wherein fertilization and irrigation are conducted three to four times and soil loosening and weeding are conducted twice each year since the second to fifth year. By the adoption of the method, the transplanting survival rate of the xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge bare-root nursery stocks is successfully increased to over 85% from below 20% before measures are taken, and technical assurance is provided for improved variety popularization of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of seeds nursery stock, be specifically related to a kind of method improving yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate.
Background technology
Due to yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunde) drought-enduring, cold-resistant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, be defined as in 6 kinds of Tree Species as Bio-energies by the State Administration of Forestry during 12, be uniquely adapted at the ligniform biomass oil plant energy seeds of northern area plantation.Yellow horn seed oil content is high, planting benevolence oil content after removing seed coat is about 60%, containing protein 25%, in oil, the content of unsaturated fatty acid is up to 94%, wherein linoleic acid content accounts for 36%, and oleic acid accounts for 57%, therefore, yellow horn not only as the material source of biodiesel, can also can be used as the raw material of table oil and medication chemistry.Be subject to the driving of high economic interests, twentieth century 60-70 age, earlier 2000s have successively started the upsurge that twice kind is planted yellow horn in the whole nation.But the shedding of yellow horn bearing-age tree young fruit is serious, to yield poorly and seedling naked transplanting survival rate is low waits technical barrier, become the scale of restriction yellow horn in the whole nation and two large technical bottlenecks of improved variety plantation.
At present, at China's overwhelming majority yellow horn growing area, yellow horn generally adopts planting seed to grow directly from seeds cultivation, due to " thousand spend one really " characteristic of yellow horn, define a large amount of low production forests or Low-efficiency forest at national yellow horn planting area, hinder the enthusiasm of enterprise or Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households yellow horn.Want the high-yield culturing realizing yellow horn, only carry out improved variety cultivation, and high bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate is the prerequisite realizing the plantation of yellow horn improved variety Rapid Popularization.
The large-scale plantation enterprise of the yellow horn such as the Inner Mongol, the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang or peasant household in recent years, all bear huge economic loss because yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate is low, national yellow horn plantation gets into a difficult position.Search out a kind of technical method that can improve yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate and can keep again follow-up large tree survival rate, become the key point solving yellow horn scale improved variety plantation.
Through to CNKI, all places and the literature search tieing up general three large China Journal Net, yet there are no the relevant report about naked for yellow horn transplanted seedling survival rate to be brought up to more than 85% technology by less than 20% Ex ante.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: solve the key technology in yellow horn breeding large-scale planting, the technical barrier that namely yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate is low, for the fast development of China's yellow horn industry provides technical support.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of method improving yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate, the method comprises the steps: one, planting site makes preparation for ploughing and sowing pre-treatment: 1, planting site is selected: planting site is selected in traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, irrigate and excessively drained field, wherein, soil layer is thick is 60-80cm, the neutrality of 7 < pH < 8.5 or alkalescence loam; 2, planting site prepares: evenly apply the farmyard manure 3000kg/ mu become thoroughly decomposed in the autumn of the previous year of making preparation for ploughing and sowing, and plough deeply planting site; 3, wholely, ridging: in four months then, the first tenday period of a month transplant front to planting site ridging, and its specification is: wide 85-95cm, bottom width 115-125cm on ridge, high 35-45 cm; Wide 100-120cm, bottom width 75-85cm on furrow, dark 35-45cm; Two, transplanted seedling lifting, root system shaping cleaning and plant: 1, lifting: Corpping in North Xinjiang is before the first tenday period of a month, yellow horn bud sprouted in annual four months, and adopt artificial lifting, yellow horn seedling age 2-3, during lifting, root system otch is neat; 2, root system shaping cleaning: before planting, damage root, old complaint and long are carried out to prunings and clear up, and clip is smooth, and the surface of a wound is little; 3, transplanted seedling tree: dig kind of a plant hole and plant nursery stock on plantation alley, namely scene is dug and namely planted, and on its ridge, soil moisture content is at 70-80%; Wherein, planting plant hole specification is: long 35-45cm, wide 35-45cm and dark 35-45cm; Planting plant hole density specification is: spacing in the rows 190-210cm, line-spacing 190-210cm;
three, yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplant after field management: 1, forest land control water: carry out after nursery stock transplanting 7-10 days first time furrow irrigation, after, poured water once every 45 days, pour water in year 4 times, promotion seedling growth; 2, weed with a hoe: after guaranteeing that treelet survives, start to weed with a hoe, weed with a hoe 2-3 time every year; 3, final management and maintenance: 2-5 applies fertilizer every year and waters 3-4 time, weeds with a hoe 2 times.
In step one, wide 90cm, bottom width 120cm on preferred ridge, high 40 cm; Wide 110cm, bottom width 80cm on furrow, dark 40cm.In step 2, planting site soil moisture content preferably 70%.In step 2, plant plant hole specification and be preferably: long 40cm, wide 40cm and dark 40cm; Plant plant hole density specification to be preferably: spacing in the rows 200cm, line-spacing 200cm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: yellow horn belongs to the system of taproot seeds of meat, nursery stock easily causes the mechanical damage of root system in lifting process, just there will be rotten after transplanting after damage location contact water, rotten position can spread to axial root system gradually by root system injury region subsequently, finally causes the whole strain of nursery stock dead.Through exploration for many years and research practice, by a large amount of field trials, explore a set of prevent seedling occur in migration process root system rot effective ways, yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate can be brought up to more than 85% by less than 20% Ex ante by the enforcement of this method, greatly reduces yellow horn bareroot seedling wood and transplants lethality.
Generally, in the Northwest of China, drought and water shortage is the restriction forest key factor that survives and grow, conventional cultivating seedlings and transplantation technique, first it is considered that the transplanted seedling problem of irrigating in time.Therefore, in production of forestry after nursery stock transplanting, general conventional method is exactly water in time, and waters permeable, to ensure the demand of nursery stock to moisture content.For a long time, water the mode of watering in a large number that 1-3 continued all over permeable and treelet phase after yellow horn nursery stock transplanting in time, cause the rotten death of a large amount of transplanted plantlet.By experiment in cultivation for many years, sum up three prevention and control supplementary measures, yellow horn bareroot seedling transplanting survival rate can be significantly improved: 1, the shaping cleaning of transplanted seedling root system.During yellow horn nursery stock lifting, inevitably damage is caused to root system, in order to the position making the damage surface of root contact water reaches minimizing of area, transplant before to damage root, long shaping cleaning be then necessary, object is exactly will reduce the area of section that damage root contacts water later, to reduce the probability of root rot as far as possible.2, Root growth.In the Northwest of drought and water shortage, afforestation generally adopts furrow planting, ridge cultivation or fish scale pit cultivation etc., can play the effect of water saving soil moisture conservation like this, increases forest and utilizes the efficiency of moisture.But the toe ponding of yellow horn nursery stock and the large tree of result is easy to root rot occurs and causes death, the large tree of the yellow horn survived in Xinjiang also happens occasionally due to planting type, the improper and murderous phenomenon of irrigation method, so on the ridge be directly planted in by yellow horn transplanted seedling, nursery stock just can be avoided to irrigate the improper root rot and dead of causing due to follow-up watering.The yellow horn transplanted plantlet horizontal branch distribution tied up in soil mainly concentrates in the scope of 10-40cm under soil, the ditch depth watering ditch is designed to about 40cm, like this in the process that nursery stock is irrigated, moisture can arrive the soil region of Root Distribution by the soil permeability effect of irrigation canals and ditches and keep the moistening of root soil, water can not be direct, too much contact root system, so just can avoid damage root system directly contact excessive water and cause root rot.3, transplanted seedling water control technique measure.Yellow horn nursery stock is fleshy root, and root system growing model is higher, and planting site soil moisture content is at 70-80% in addition, within 7-10 days, does not irrigate, can not cause the death of transplanted seedling after transplanting.Seedling root is through drought stress after a while, and root system wound will heal and promote calli induction gradually, occurs that the probability of root rot will reduce greatly, this ensures that theres the transplanting survival rate of nursery stock.In a word, transplanted seedling root is taked to the three technology measures such as the technical finesses such as shaping cleaning, Root growth and forest land water control technique, greatly can improve yellow horn bareroot seedling transplanting survival rate, wherein ridge plants technology application and forest land water control technique all belongs to and proposes first.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, the cultivation method improving yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate and process:
One, planting site requires: 1, planting site is selected: planting site should be selected in traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, the neutral or alkalescence (pH ﹤ 8.5) of the loam of soil layer thick (60-80cm), pH, irrigation conditions are excellent, excessively drained field; 2, planting site prepares: require evenly to apply in the autumn of the previous year the farmyard manure 3000kg/ mu become thoroughly decomposed, and plough deeply soil; 3, wholely, ridging: the beginning of April carries out ridging to soil before transplanting then, and its specification is: wide 90cm, bottom width 120cm on ridge, high 40 cm; Wide 110cm, bottom width 80cm on ditch, dark 40cm;
Two, transplanted seedling lifting, heel in, root system shaping cleaning and planting: 1, lifting: before generally the first tenday period of a month, yellow horn bud sprouted in annual the beginning of April in Corpping in North Xinjiang, adopt artificial lifting, seedling age 2-3, requires to accomplish to hinder root less, root system otch is neat during lifting; 2, root system shaping cleaning: before planting, with shrub and hedge trimmer will damage root, old complaint, the pruning such as long clear up, require clip smooth, the surface of a wound is little; 3, transplanted seedling tree: nursery stock of planting in Shang Wa cave, ridge.Require namely to dig namely to plant.Soil moisture content requires at 70%-80%.If antecedent soil moisture, can pour water before planting, soil moisture content reaches when planting necessary requirement plants again, plants plant hole and requires: 40 × 40 × 40m; Planting density requires: 200cm × 200cm; 4, heel in: to the nursery stock that can not plant on time, require to heel in time, selection of seedling is heeled at planting site areas adjacent, selects in wind sheltering shady spot, and soil moisture content requires about 70%, forbids watering, spraying water;
Three, the tending management after nursery stock transplanting: 1, forest land water control technique: irrigate through furrow after 7-10 days after nursery stock transplanting first time, after, poured water once every 45 days, pour water in year 4 times, to ensure plant percent and to promote seedling growth; 2, weed with a hoe: after guaranteeing that treelet survives, start to weed with a hoe.Weed with a hoe in general year 2 times; 3, final management and maintenance: 2-5, every year in conjunction with fertilising, waters 3-4 time, weeds with a hoe 2 times.
Conclusion: root system shaping cleaning, Root growth are adopted to yellow horn transplanted seedling, plant after the match technology means such as water control technique, effectively can promote that root system wound heals and calli induction early, prevent the generation of rotten after watering, improve yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate.Yellow horn transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks is successfully brought up to more than 85% by less than 20% Ex ante by this technical method, and the improved variety for yellow horn is promoted the technology that provides and ensured.This technology is applicable to reconstruction in Northwest Arid Region of China and has man-made irrigation condition and the deep yellow horn growing area of soil layer, but is not suitable for sand soil growing area.
Claims (4)
1. improve a method for yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps:
One, planting site is made preparation for ploughing and sowing pre-treatment: 1, planting site is selected: planting site is selected in traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, irrigate and excessively drained field, wherein, soil layer is thick is 60-80cm, the neutrality of 7 < pH < 8.5 or alkalescence loam; 2, planting site prepares: evenly apply the farmyard manure 3000kg/ mu become thoroughly decomposed in the autumn of the previous year of making preparation for ploughing and sowing, and plough deeply planting site; 3, wholely, ridging: in four months then, the first tenday period of a month transplant front to planting site ridging, and its specification is: wide 85-95cm, bottom width 115-125cm on ridge, high 35-45cm; Wide 100-120cm, bottom width 75-85cm on furrow, dark 35-45cm;
Two, transplanted seedling lifting, root system shaping cleaning and plant: 1, lifting: Corpping in North Xinjiang is before the first tenday period of a month, yellow horn bud sprouted in annual four months, and adopt artificial lifting, yellow horn seedling age 2-3, during lifting, root system otch is neat; 2, root system shaping cleaning: before planting, damage root, old complaint and long are carried out to prunings and clear up, and clip is smooth, and the surface of a wound is little; 3, transplanted seedling tree: dig kind of a plant hole and plant nursery stock on plantation alley, namely scene is dug and namely planted, and on its ridge, soil moisture content is at 70-80%; Wherein, planting plant hole specification is: long 35-45cm, wide 35-45cm and dark 35-45cm; Planting plant hole density specification is: spacing in the rows 190-210cm, line-spacing 190-210cm;
three, yellow horn bareroot seedling wood transplant after field management: 1, forest land control water: carry out after nursery stock transplanting 7-10 days first time furrow irrigation, after, poured water once every 45 days, pour water in year 4 times, promotion seedling growth; 2, weed with a hoe: after guaranteeing that treelet survives, start to weed with a hoe, weed with a hoe 2-3 time every year; 3, final management and maintenance: 2-5 applies fertilizer every year and waters 3-4 time, weeds with a hoe 2 times.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step one, wide 90cm, bottom width 120cm on preferred ridge, high 40 cm; Wide 110cm, bottom width 80cm on furrow, dark 40cm.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2, planting site soil moisture content preferably 70%.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2, plants plant hole specification and is preferably: long 40cm, wide 40cm and dark 40cm; Plant plant hole density specification to be preferably: spacing in the rows 200cm, line-spacing 200cm.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN108739000A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | A kind of method for transplanting and breeding method improving shiny-leaved yellowhorn sapling survival rate |
| CN109006143A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-18 | 甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院 | A kind of interplanting method of arid biogeographic zone shiny-leaved yellowhorn and Radix Astragali |
| CN109566331A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-04-05 | 美丽国土（北京）生态环境工程技术研究院有限公司 | Shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting soil and cultural method |
| CN110754276A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-02-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Transplanting method of xanthoceras sorbifolia seedlings in desert soil |
| CN113197001A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-03 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Method for preventing and treating xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge root rot |
| CN113439603A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-28 | 黑龙江省林业科学院伊春分院 | Acanthopanax senticosus seedling ex-situ protection method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108739000A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | A kind of method for transplanting and breeding method improving shiny-leaved yellowhorn sapling survival rate |
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| CN109566331A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-04-05 | 美丽国土（北京）生态环境工程技术研究院有限公司 | Shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting soil and cultural method |
| CN113197001A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-03 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Method for preventing and treating xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge root rot |
| CN113439603A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-28 | 黑龙江省林业科学院伊春分院 | Acanthopanax senticosus seedling ex-situ protection method |
| CN113439603B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-04-12 | 黑龙江省林业科学院伊春分院 | Method for protecting acanthopanax seedlings from being in-situ |
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