CN103190272A - Method for raising seedlings by cutting on micro-propagation films of fast-growing poplar in saline-alkali soil regions - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for raising seedlings by cutting on micro-propagation films of fast-growing poplar in saline-alkali soil regions. The method includes measures of a series of technical links such as soil improvement, shearing and processing for cutting slips of the poplar, bed making and film mulching, a hard wood cutting technology implemented on the films, control for cutting time and density and nurse and management for the seedlings. The method for raising the seedlings by cutting has the advantages that terrestrial germination and shooting and subterraneous rooting are taken into consideration, requirements of the terrestrial germination and shooting and requirements of the subterraneous rooting are respectively met, and benefits of the terrestrial germination and shooting and benefits of the subterraneous rooting are respectively realized; after two years of tests for raising seedlings and investigation and analysis, effects of the method for raising the seedlings are obviously improved, a survival rate of the seedlings reaches 95% at least, the seedlings are complete and strong, and heights of one-year seedlings range from 3.5 meters to 4 meters; growing periods of the seedlings are prolonged by nearly a month; salt suppressing and water saving effects are obvious; the nurse and management frequency is reduced; the seedling raising cost is greatly reduced; and a survival rate of afforestation is obviously increased.

Description

A kind of saline-alkali soil area fast growth poplar expands cuttage and seedling culture method on numerous film

Technical field

The present invention relates to the greening technique in agricultural, forestry and gardens, particularly a kind of saline and alkaline regional fast growth poplar expands cuttage and seedling culture method on numerous film.

Be the ingenious practical technique system at this area's natural environment characteristics, relate to technical fields such as agricultural, forestry and afforestation, all can use in the vast saline and alkaline area of northern China.

Background technology

Saline-alkali soil forestation greening difficulty, the cultivation nursery stock stage is more difficult, not only survival rate of seedling is low, and undergrowth, cause the nursery stock damage by disease and insect serious, the lethality height increases forest seedling growth and afforestation cost greatly, has had a strong impact on the development of revegetation, enhancement of environment and the township afforestation cause of this area.

Willow is one of main afforestation seeds of the northern area of China, fast growing high-quality and various in style, have a very wide distribution, be the master of fast-growing and high-yield plantation, industrial timberland, shelter forest, biomass energy woods and the urban and rural environment greening kind of planting trees, have great economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit.But since willow salt tolerant alkali ability poor, to soil liquid manure conditional request height, saline and alkaline area is difficult to plant work, does not more have the successful precedent of willow cuttage and seedling culture, especially strand clay soil heavy saline district.Abominable natural environmental factors, as soil salinity and alkalinity height, soil property stickingly heavily harden, wind is big, arid etc., is the major obstacle of restriction this area willow development.We have carried out soil melioration and revegetation research for many years in the coastal saline-alkali area, bear and finished multinomial scientific research project, have deep and comprehensively understanding to the ecological habit of willow and the major obstacle factor of this area.Successfully select high salt tolerant fast growth poplar new varieties in recent years, by the cuttage and seedling culture test of the whole bag of tricks, successfully broken through the willow high-quality and expanded the difficulty of breeding seedling, improved survival rate of seedling and seedling quality greatly; Water saving, saving of labor have reduced seedling cost; Technology is simple, easily applies; Has huge development space for the willow afforestation cause that promotes the saline and alkaline area of China.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is at above-mentioned existing problems, provide a kind of saline-alkali soil area fast growth poplar to expand cuttage and seedling culture method on numerous film.

Technical scheme of the present invention:

A kind of saline-alkali soil area fast growth poplar expands cuttage and seedling culture method on numerous film, and technical measures comprise:

1) gather plugged ear: selecting well-grown, diameter is that 1-2cm, lateral bud are full, the one year seedling of no damage by disease and insect does, be cut into the plugged ear of length 15-20cm, guarantee to have on each plugged ear 2-3 full lateral bud, upper cut is flat nick, apart from first lateral bud 1.5-2cm, lower cut is angular cut, and plugged ear is immersed in the clear water 45-50 hour;

2) garden land soil: select the light plot of soil salt content as growing seedlings ground, mix the sandy soil that percent by volume is 15-25% in clayey soil, the particle of improving the soil is formed structure; The interpolation percent by volume is 1% flue dust desulfurated plaster, improves soil chemical properties; Press 3-5 ton/mu application of organic fertilizers, strengthen soil fertility; Ploughing the degree of depth is 20cm, does furrow after the mixing leveling, and the width of furrow is 2.0m, and the length of furrow is 20-30m;

3) overlay film that waters: by border irrigation water, water permeable back covering film in time, with the tight compacting of grave, overlay film is the requisite measure that heats soil moisture conservation;

4) seedling density: seedling raise period is in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March, seedling density is determined by the outplanting time limit, capable, the line-spacing 60-100cm of every furrow 2-3 when wherein 1-2 gives birth to, spacing in the rows 30-50cm, cuttage on film is about to plugged ear and vertically inserts in the soil but must not insert, and uppermost first bud is exposed at the film outside, 3-5cm above ground level scalds to avoid in the film high temperature without artificial rupture of membrane after the germination;

5) nursery tending management: want during height of seedling 30-40cm April timely bud picking decide strain, June when enter rainy season, in time remove film and weed with a hoe, bud picking pruning, the reinforcement extermination of disease and insect pest.

Advantage of the present invention and gain are concluded and are:

1) improves survival rate of seedling and full stand and healthy seedling.The survey showed that: ground temperature gos up soon, the moisture foot, and it is neat to emerge; Plant percent reaches more than 95%, 1 year equal height of seedling 3.5-4m of life, and living height of seedling reached 5.5-6m in 2 years, surpassed the willow one-level seedling standard of national regulation.

2) prolong nearly one month of seedling growth phase, because that ground temperature gos up is fast, early root of hair, multiple, the seedling growth stalwartness, damage by disease and insect reduces.

3) it is remarkable to press down salt and water-saving result.Overlay film has suppressed soil water evaporation, has avoided the salinity rising; The soil moisture conservation effect is big, reduces manually to water 2-4 time, namely waters once permeablely can adhere to arriving in rainy season in June.

4, use black agricultural membrane to suppress weed growth, reduced the tending management number of times, greatly reduce seedling cost.

5, the locality adaptability of growing seedlings is strong, has avoided long-distance transport, and afforestation survival rate height has shortened seedling-slowing stage, the tree growth stalwartness.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1. be Tianjin harbor district patent large tracts of land of the present invention seedling growth test ground condition diagram in spring.

Fig. 2. for taking off condition diagram behind the film by the end of June in Tianjin harbor district patent seedling growth test of the present invention ground.

Fig. 3. be the 1 year by the end of October living nursery stock condition diagram in Tianjin harbor district patent seedling growth test of the present invention ground.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

A kind of saline-alkali soil area fast growth poplar expands cuttage and seedling culture method on numerous film, and measure comprises:

1) gather plugged ear: selecting well-grown, diameter is that 1-2cm, lateral bud are full, the one year seedling of no damage by disease and insect does, be cut into the plugged ear of length 15-20cm, guarantee to have on each plugged ear 2-3 full lateral bud, upper cut is flat nick, apart from first lateral bud 2cm, lower cut is angular cut, and plugged ear is immersed in the clear water 48 hours;

2) garden land soil: the light plot of selection soil salt content is 20% sandy soil as growing seedlings ground, mix percent by volume in clayey soil, and the particle of improving the soil is formed structure; The interpolation percent by volume is 1% flue dust desulfurated plaster, improves soil chemical properties; By 4 tons of/mu application of organic fertilizers, strengthen soil fertility; Ploughing the degree of depth is 20cm, does furrow after the mixing leveling, and the width of furrow is 2.0m, and the length of furrow is 20m;

3) overlay film that waters: by border irrigation water, water permeable back covering film in time, with the tight compacting of grave, overlay film is the requisite measure that heats soil moisture conservation;

4) seedling density: seedling raise period is in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March, and seedling density determines by the outplanting time limit, when cultivating 1 year living nursery stock, and every furrow 3 capable, line-spacing 65cm, spacing in the rows 30cm then; When cultivating 2 years living nursery stocks, then every furrow 2 row, line-spacing 100cm, spacing in the rows 50cm; Cuttage on film is about to plugged ear and vertically inserts in the soil but must not insert, and uppermost first bud is exposed at the film outside, and 4cm above ground level scalds to avoid in the film high temperature without artificial rupture of membrane after the germination;

5) nursery tending management: want during height of seedling 30-40cm April timely bud picking decide strain, June when enter rainy season, in time remove film and weed with a hoe, bud picking pruning, the reinforcement extermination of disease and insect pest.

Carry out above-mentioned sport technique segment, and use the salt tolerant fast growth poplar new varieties of our seed selection, when the annual height of seedling can reach 3.5-4m, more than the leading thread 3cm, surpass the one-level seedling standard of national regulation, can go out garden afforestation then.

Northern China has spring temperature fast, the ground temperature slow saline and alkaline area of characteristics, especially clay soil of ging up of ging up, and overlay film has and heats significantly and the soil moisture conservation effect, underground take root fast, the root amount is many, keep the water balance of nursery stock easily, survival rate improves greatly, and key is that permeable back overlay film is in time watered in the seedbed.Adopt measures of the present invention, epigeal germination is branched out have a role to play with the underground growth of taking root, each most its profit meets the natural law.Through 2 years in the large tracts of land of Tianjin coastal region grow seedlings comparative trial and investigation statistics analysis, the result shows: under soil salt content 0.3-0.4% condition, if adopt conventional willow cuttage and seedling culture method (namely not overlay film), need often water 3-5 time in 3-6 month (strong wind dry season), temperature gos up fast, ground temperature gos up slow, and soil water evaporation is strong and to show the native accumulation of salt in the surface soil serious, plant percent only 65%; If cuttage in the film has solved though heat the soil moisture conservation problem, high temperature is scalded seedling in the film, needs the ridging of a large amount of artificial ruptures of membranes in time, has increased seedling cost greatly, and it is influenced to heat the soil moisture conservation effect.

Fig. 1. be Tianjin harbor district patent large tracts of land of the present invention seedling growth test ground condition diagram in spring.Do the 2m furrow, water permeable back overlay film, cuttage salt tolerant fast growth poplar new varieties on the film then, target is to cultivate 2 years living afforestation seedlings.

Fig. 2. for taking off condition diagram behind the film by the end of June in Tianjin harbor district patent seedling growth test of the present invention ground.The not enough 500m in this distance Bohai Sea, garden.Do the 2m furrow, water permeable back overlay film, cuttage salt tolerant fast growth poplar new varieties on the film then, seeding row spacing 0.3 * 0.65m cultivates and coined woods greening seedling and kind bar, leaf look dark green, robust growth in 1 year.

Fig. 3. be the 1 year by the end of October living nursery stock condition diagram in Tianjin harbor district patent seedling growth test of the present invention ground.The not enough 500m in this distance Bohai Sea, garden.Soil salt content is that 0.3-0.4%(belongs to the moderate saline soil), then more than the height of seedling 4m, leaf look dark green, robust growth.

Claims (1)

1. a saline-alkali soil area fast growth poplar expands cuttage and seedling culture method on numerous film, it is characterized in that technical measures comprise:

1) gather plugged ear: selecting well-grown, diameter is that 1-2cm, lateral bud are full, the one year seedling of no damage by disease and insect does, be cut into the plugged ear of length 15-20cm, guarantee to have on each plugged ear 2-3 full lateral bud, upper cut is flat nick, apart from first lateral bud 1.5-2cm, lower cut is angular cut, and plugged ear is immersed in the clear water 45-50 hour;

2) garden land soil: select the light plot of soil salt content as growing seedlings ground, mix the sandy soil that percent by volume is 15-25% in clayey soil, the particle of improving the soil is formed structure; The interpolation percent by volume is 1% flue dust desulfurated plaster, improves soil chemical properties; Press 3-5 ton/mu application of organic fertilizers, strengthen soil fertility; Ploughing the degree of depth is 20cm, does furrow after the mixing leveling, and the width of furrow is 2.0m, and the length of furrow is 20-30m;

3) overlay film that waters: by border irrigation water, water permeable back covering film in time, with the tight compacting of grave, overlay film is the requisite measure that heats soil moisture conservation;

4) seedling density: seedling raise period is in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March, and seedling density determines by the outplanting time limit, when cultivating 1 year living nursery stock, and every furrow 3 capable, line-spacing 65cm, spacing in the rows 30cm then; When cultivating 2 years living nursery stocks, then every furrow 2 row, line-spacing 100cm, spacing in the rows 50cm; Cuttage on film is about to plugged ear and vertically inserts in the soil but must not insert, and uppermost first bud is exposed at the film outside, and 3-5cm above ground level scalds to avoid in the film high temperature without artificial rupture of membrane after the germination;

5) nursery tending management: want during height of seedling 30-40cm April timely bud picking decide strain, June when enter rainy season, in time remove film and weed with a hoe, bud picking pruning, the reinforcement extermination of disease and insect pest.

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