CN105850432A - Asparagus cochinchinensis cultivation method - Google Patents
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses an asparagus cochinchinensis cultivation method in the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting. The method includes: step one, seed selection, to be more specific, selecting seeds of asparagus munitus undergoing 20-year wild domestication and growing at positions, with an elevation higher than 1800m, of Yongsheng, Lijiang in Yunnan province, and performing seed breeding; step two, land selection, to be more specific, planting in red soil or yellow soil with soil layer thicken than 1m and high in organic content; step three, land preparation, to be more specific, disinfecting and digging holes after land preparation is finished, and applying organic fertilizers or farm manure and plant ash mixed fertilizers into holes; step four, planting, to be more specific, planting after autumn or in spring after raining; step five, field management, namely intertillage weeding, earthing up and fertilization and pest control and prevention; step six, harvesting. By selection of adret soil for plantation, the defect of plantation in dank regions in the prior art is overcome; by combination of field management including fertilization, intertillage weeding, earthing up and the like, asparagus cochinchinensis yield is increased sharply, maximal benefits can be obtained in three to four years, maximum yield per plant reaches 53 kilograms, and yield per mu reaches 10,000-25,000 kilograms conventionally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine planting technology field, be specifically related to the cultural method of a kind of lucid asparagus.
Background technology
Lucid asparagus, has another name called asparagus fern, for Liliaceae herbaceos perennial, its root block have nourishing Yin and falling fire, moisturize and promote the production of body fluid, support the effects such as lung cough-relieving, can treat fever due to yin deficiency, quench one's thirst, the disease such as cough due to consumptive disease.The kind of lucid asparagus has more than 300 to plant in the whole world, there are 24 kinds and some denizens in China, and each provinces and regions that main product is on the south the Changjiang river, due to the use before lucid asparagus, being main mainly by excavating wild, therefore, all there is great difficulty in the collection of fruit, the tackling key problem of seedling-raising technique, the cultivation of cultivation technique, cause artificial cultivation slower development, so the selection of kind exists for great problem.
In recent years, lucid asparagus is as medicine-food two-purpose medicinal material, and consumption is incremented by, but wild resource reduces day by day, and lucid asparagus slower development is planted by family, and therefore on market, the source of goods is in short supply, and price raises up year after year.Lucid asparagus per kilogram 14 yuan～17 yuan in 2000, has risen to current per kilogram about 120 yuan, particularly export the especially big bar of specification, big bar lucid asparagus due to goods lack, current foreign trader is with about 150 yuan purchases.Production and marketing gap is bigger and bigger, therefore development plantation lucid asparagus wide market.And current only short stalk lucid asparagus planting technology, individual plant maximum output is 30 ~ 35 jin, and per mu yield is only 3000 ~ 6000 jin, can not meet far away the market demand.
Summary of the invention
The invention is intended to provide the cultural method of a kind of lucid asparagus, too low to solve prior art lucid asparagus yield, it is impossible to the problem meeting the market demand.
The cultural method of a kind of lucid asparagus in this programme, comprises the following steps:
Step one, the selection of kind: collection height above sea level is at more than 1800m, and through the southwestern lucid asparagus seed of wild domestication in more than 20 years, nursery after pretreatment, rejects underproof seedling；
Step 2, selection of land: select average temperature of the whole year 16 ~ 25 DEG C, more than 180 days frost-free period, the area of annual rainfall 1000 ~ 1500mm relative air humidity more than 80%, select more than thickness 1m, red soil on the sunny side or yellow soil plantation；
Step 3, whole dig: turn over whole, ridging, sterilization, plough, the width on ridge is 0.8 ~ 1.2m, the gutter of 15 ~ 25cm is respectively stayed on both sides, ridge, sprays with quick lime or liquor potassic permanganate and carries out soil disinfection on ridge, digs a pit, hole, etc., the density in hole is 660 ~ 700/mu, the degree of depth * width in hole is 15cm*15cm or 20cm*15cm, executes fertilizer thick for 2 ~ 5cm or farm manure adds plant ash mixing and uses, earth thick for covering 5 ~ 7cm on fertilizer in hole；
Step 4, plantation: plant after autumn or spring plants, plant after rain；
Step 5, field management: a, middle weeding, ridging: earth up 4～6 times from field planting to results weeding altogether, earth up in time after heavy rain；
B, fertilising: combining weeding ridging and carry out, lucid asparagus grew in 1 year, spray concentration be 5 ~ 10% liquid dung 2～3 times, organic fertilizer 2～3 times afterwards；
C, row irrigation: irrigate 2 ~ 3 times, keep furrow face to moisten；
D, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: root rot is prevented and treated: carries out drainage works, spreads a little calcium lime powder around diseased plant；Control of aphids: cause harm the initial stage aphid, sprays with 40% Rogor 1000～1500 times of dilutions or mieyaling 1000～1500 times of dilutions, for the plant that insect pest is serious, cuts off its whole tendrils and execute lower fertilizer；
Step 6, results: excavate in early winter or the early spring, when excavating, prescind rattan and dig out complete stool root block, remove silt, cut off neck root, cuts medicinal block, remaining head and the part rootlet block stayed, and plants for plant division.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: domestic lucid asparagus kind mainly has long flower lucid asparagus, the southern regions of the Yunnan Province lucid asparagus, Kunming lucid asparagus, short stalk lucid asparagus, Tibet lucid asparagus, southwest lucid asparagus, withe lucid asparagus, Xinjiang lucid asparagus, asparagus filicicum Ham and folding branch lucid asparagus, but it is the most few through the kind of domestication, therefore the kind chosen, to adapt to the first step that the weather conditions of locality are high-yield culturings, the present invention by carrying out domestication plantation to the lucid asparagus of multiple kinds, pick out the height above sea level of optimum local climate and high yield and plant more than 1800m's and through the southwestern lucid asparagus seed of wild domestication in more than 20 years；Select area without shade soil as planting base, the lucid asparagus overcoming prior art can only be in the drawback of cloudy wetland Region plantation, in conjunction with field management such as the ridging of selection of land, applying organic manure and middle weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, lucid asparagus yield is made to be increased sharply, within 3 to four years, maximum value can be obtained, single plant yield is up to 106 jin, conventional yield, per mu yield reaches 20,000 jin to 50,000 jin, individual plant compared to existing technology is up to 30 ~ 35 jin, and per mu yield is only the demand more meeting market for 3000 ~ 6000 jin.
Further, in step one, the pretreatment of lucid asparagus seed is: is put into by lucid asparagus seed in the clear water of 40 ~ 80 DEG C and soaks, and then soak time 48 ~ 96h pulls out and dry the surface of the seed moisture, and carries out mixing seed dressing with seed treatment fungicides and dry.By seed is pre-processed, and do the control experiment of more than 20 groups, show that emergence rate of this operation lucid asparagus seed is up to 80%, compared to traditional only have the emergence rate of 8% for, substantially increase survival rate and the yield of lucid asparagus.
Further, in step 2, height above sea level is selected to plant in the soil of 300 ~ 1300m.Height above sea level is the highest, and the dormancy time of seed is long, and harvest time increases the most accordingly, and suitable at 300 ~ 1300m growth cycle and lucid asparagus the yield of height above sea level is most.
Further, step 3 or step 5 manure use, in fertilizer, the mass fraction of N:P:K ion is than for 5:7:8, and wherein the content of organic matter is more than 25%.By the N:P:K in fertilizer is carried out scientific matching and regulation and control, and guarantee that the content of organic matter is more than 25%, fertilizer now can provide suitable and abundant N, P, K and organic resource to lucid asparagus, to meet the demand of growing in each period of lucid asparagus.
Further, in step 4, select to plant after autumn, and plant after the August of the lunar calendar.Planting, after a winter, the coring of lucid asparagus is longer, significant to the fast-growth of lucid asparagus in the coming year after autumn.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by detailed description of the invention, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Embodiment 1: the cultural method of a kind of lucid asparagus, comprises the following steps:
Step one, the selection of kind: gather Lijiang, yunnan Yongsheng height above sea level at more than 1800m, and through the southwestern lucid asparagus seed of wild domestication in more than 10 years, lucid asparagus seed is put in the clear water of 40 DEG C and soak, soak time 96h, then pulls out and dries the surface of the seed moisture, uses Diacloden and coughs up the mixing seed dressing of bacterium essence first frost row and dry, nursery, reject underproof seedling, the unified standard of specification seedling, forbid defective seedling to enter planting base and plant；
Step 2, selection of land: select average temperature of the whole year 16 ~ 25 DEG C, more than 180 days frost-free period, the area of annual rainfall 1000 ~ 1500mm relative air humidity more than 80%, select more than thickness 1m, and height above sea level is more than 300 meters, and red soil on the sunny side is planted；
Step 3, whole dig: turn over whole, ridging, sterilization, ploughing, the width on ridge is 0.8 ~ 1.2m, and the gutter of 15 ~ 25cm is respectively stayed on both sides, ridge, disinfecting soil on ridge is sprayed with quick lime liquid, digging a pit, hole, etc., the density in hole is 660 ~ 700/mu, and the degree of depth * width in hole is 15cm*15cm, the thick fertilizer of 2 ~ 5cm is executed in hole, in fertilizer, N:P:K is 5:7:8, and wherein the content of organic matter is more than 25%, covers the thick earth of 5 ~ 7cm on fertilizer；
Step 4, plantation: plant after the rain after autumn planted, insert lucid asparagus seedling in hole, covers the earth after 2 ~ 3cm, ridging；
Step 5, field management: a, middle weeding are earthed up: earth up 4 times to results altogether weeding from field planting, to earth up in time after heavy rain, in case root block bassets and dries up, or cause root block to become cavity shape and the underproduction；
B, fertilising: combine weeding ridging and carry out, in lucid asparagus grows 1 year, spray concentration is the liquid dung 2 times of 5 ~ 10%, organic fertilizer 2 times afterwards, mu is executed 600～800 jin, is survived the winter in order to plant, promote Second Year growth more vigorous and sprout more sproutings, because lucid asparagus plant is bred as tendril and grows thickly, root block will be loose and many, and yield is the highest；
C, row irrigation: winter planting's weather is the most arid, it is noted that irrigate after planting, keep furrow face to moisten, increase production in order to Teng Wang；
D, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: root rot is prevented and treated: root rot typically first from the tail end of a root block rotten, gradually develop to root head, in last whole piece root block, become starchiness, after 1 wheat harvesting period of falling ill, whole piece root block becomes black cavity shape.Mostly this disease is due to soil property excessively moist (ponding) or is bitten by underground pests, or ridging fertilising is damaged caused, therefore carries out drainage works, and spreading a little calcium lime powder around diseased plant is to prevent and treat the effective means of root rot；Control of aphids: aphid can be caused harm tender rattan and bud core, making whole strain tendril atrophy, therefore cause harm the initial stage aphid, available 40% Rogor 1000～1500 times of dilutions or mieyaling 1000～1500 times of dilutions are sprayed, for the plant that insect pest is serious, cut off its whole tendrils and execute lower fertilizer；
Step 6, results: excavate in early winter or the early spring, when excavating, prescind rattan and dig out complete stool root block, remove silt, cut off neck root, cut medicinal block, remaining head and the part rootlet block stayed, plant for plant division, can be with digging with kind, the available wet sand cannot planted completely for the moment buries to be waited to plant.
Embodiment 2: the cultural method of a kind of lucid asparagus, comprises the following steps:
Step one, collection Lijiang, yunnan Yongsheng height above sea level are at more than 1800m, and through the southwestern lucid asparagus seed of wild domestication in more than 15 years, lucid asparagus seed is put in the clear water of 60 DEG C and soak, soak time 60h, then pulls out and dries the surface of the seed moisture, uses Diacloden and coughs up the mixing seed dressing of bacterium essence first frost row and dry, nursery, reject underproof seedling, the unified standard of specification seedling, forbid defective seedling to enter planting base and plant；
Step 2, selection of land: select average temperature of the whole year 16 ~ 25 DEG C, more than 180 days frost-free period, the area of annual rainfall 1000 ~ 1500mm relative air humidity more than 80%, select more than thickness 1m, and height above sea level is in more than 800m, yellow soil plantation on the sunny side；
Step 3, whole dig: turn over whole, ridging, sterilization, ploughing, the width on ridge is 1.2m, and the gutter of 25cm is respectively stayed on both sides, ridge, disinfecting soil on ridge is sprayed with quick lime liquid, digging a pit, hole, etc., the density in hole is 660 ~ 700/mu, and the degree of depth * width in hole is 20cm*15cm, the thick fertilizer of 2 ~ 5cm is executed in hole, fertilizer is that farm manure adds plant ash mixing and uses wherein, and plant ash ratio accounts for 30%, covers the thick earth of 5 ~ 7cm on fertilizer；
Step 4, sowing: autumn sowing, and sowing after rain, be sprinkled into lucid asparagus seed in hole, cover the earth after 2 ~ 3cm；
Step 5, field management: a, middle weeding are earthed up: earth up 5 times to results altogether weeding from field planting, to earth up in time after heavy rain, in case root block bassets and dries up, or cause root block to become cavity shape and the underproduction；
B, fertilising: combine weeding ridging and carry out, in lucid asparagus grows 1 year, spray concentration is the liquid dung 2 times of 5 ~ 10%, fertilising material 3 times afterwards, mu executes 600～800 jin, survives the winter in order to plant, promote Second Year growth more vigorous and sprout more sproutings, because lucid asparagus plant is bred as tendril and grows thickly, root block will be loose and many, and yield is the highest；
C, row irrigation: winter planting's weather is the most arid, it is noted that irrigate after planting, keep furrow face to moisten, increase production in order to Teng Wang；
D, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: root rot is prevented and treated: root rot typically first from the tail end of a root block rotten, gradually develop to root head, in last whole piece root block, become starchiness, after 1 wheat harvesting period of falling ill, whole piece root block becomes black cavity shape.Mostly this disease is due to soil property excessively moist (ponding) or is bitten by underground pests, or ridging fertilising is damaged caused, therefore carries out drainage works, and spreading a little calcium lime powder around diseased plant is to prevent and treat the effective means of root rot；Control of aphids: aphid can be caused harm tender rattan and bud core, making whole strain tendril atrophy, therefore cause harm the initial stage aphid, available 40% Rogor 1000～1500 times of dilutions or mieyaling 1000～1500 times of dilutions are sprayed, for the plant that insect pest is serious, cut off its whole tendrils and execute lower fertilizer；
Step 6, results: excavate in early winter or the early spring, when excavating, prescind rattan and dig out complete stool root block, remove silt, cut off neck root, cut medicinal block, remaining head and the part rootlet block stayed, plant for plant division, can be with digging with kind, the available wet sand cannot planted completely for the moment buries to be waited to plant.
Embodiment 3: the cultural method of a kind of lucid asparagus, comprises the following steps:
Step one, the selection of kind: gather Lijiang, yunnan Yongsheng height above sea level at more than 1800m, and through the southwestern lucid asparagus seed of wild domestication in more than 20 years, lucid asparagus seed is put in the clear water of 80 DEG C and soak, soak time 40h, then pulls out and dries the surface of the seed moisture, uses Diacloden and coughs up the mixing seed dressing of bacterium essence first frost row and dry, nursery, reject underproof seedling, the unified standard of specification seedling, forbid defective seedling to enter planting base and plant；
Step 2, selection of land: select average temperature of the whole year 16 ~ 25 DEG C, more than 180 days frost-free period, the area of annual rainfall 1000 ~ 1500mm relative air humidity more than 80%, select more than thickness 1m, and height above sea level is in the red soil plantation on the sunny side of 1300m；
Step 3, whole dig: turn over whole, ridging, sterilization, ploughing, the width on ridge is 1m, and the gutter of 20cm is respectively stayed on both sides, ridge, disinfecting soil on ridge is sprayed with liquor potassic permanganate, digging a pit, hole, etc., the density in hole is 660 ~ 700/mu, and the degree of depth * width in hole is 20cm*15cm, the thick fertilizer of 2 ~ 5cm is executed in hole, in fertilizer, N:P:K is 5:7:8, and wherein the content of organic matter is more than 25%, covers the thick earth of 5 ~ 7cm on fertilizer；
Step 4, sowing: autumn sowing, and sowing after rain, be sprinkled into lucid asparagus seed in hole, cover the earth after 2 ~ 3cm；
Step 5, field management: a, middle weeding are earthed up: earth up 6 times to results altogether weeding from field planting, to earth up in time after heavy rain, in case root block bassets and dries up, or cause root block to become cavity shape and the underproduction；
B, fertilising: combine weeding ridging and carry out, in lucid asparagus grows 1 year, spray concentration is the liquid dung 3 times of 5 ~ 10%, organic fertilizer 3 times afterwards, mu is executed 600～800 jin, is survived the winter in order to plant, promote Second Year growth more vigorous and sprout more sproutings, because lucid asparagus plant is bred as tendril and grows thickly, root block will be loose and many, and yield is the highest；
C, row irrigation: winter planting's weather is the most arid, it is noted that irrigate after planting, keep furrow face to moisten, increase production in order to Teng Wang；
D, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: root rot is prevented and treated: root rot typically first from the tail end of a root block rotten, gradually develop to root head, in last whole piece root block, become starchiness, after 1 wheat harvesting period of falling ill, whole piece root block becomes black cavity shape.Mostly this disease is due to soil property excessively moist (ponding) or is bitten by underground pests, or ridging fertilising is damaged caused, therefore carries out drainage works, and spreading a little calcium lime powder around diseased plant is to prevent and treat the effective means of root rot；Control of aphids: aphid can be caused harm tender rattan and bud core, making whole strain tendril atrophy, therefore cause harm the initial stage aphid, available 40% Rogor 1000～1500 times of dilutions or mieyaling 1000～1500 times of dilutions are sprayed, for the plant that insect pest is serious, cut off its whole tendrils and execute lower fertilizer；
Step 6, results: excavate in early winter or the early spring, when excavating, prescind rattan and dig out complete stool root block, remove silt, cut off neck root, cut medicinal block, remaining head and the part rootlet block stayed, plant for plant division, can be with digging with kind, the available wet sand cannot planted completely for the moment buries to be waited to plant.
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 select Lijiang, yunnan Yongsheng height above sea level to plant at more than 1800m and through the southwestern lucid asparagus seed of wild domestication in more than 10 years, select area without shade soil as planting base, in conjunction with field management such as the ridging of selection of land, applying organic manure and middle weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, lucid asparagus yield is made to be increased sharply, within 3 to four years, maximum value can be obtained, single plant yield is up to 106 jin, and conventional yield, per mu yield reaches 20,000 jin to 50,000 jin.
Above-described is only embodiments of the invention, and in scheme, the known general knowledge such as concrete structure and characteristic too much describes at this.It should be pointed out that, for a person skilled in the art, on the premise of without departing from present configuration, it is also possible to make some improvement, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these are all without affecting effect and the practical applicability that the present invention implements.The protection domain that this application claims should be as the criterion with the content of its claim, and the detailed description of the invention in specification etc. records the content that may be used for explaining claim.
Claims (5)
1. the cultural method of a lucid asparagus, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step one, the selection of kind: collection height above sea level is at more than 1800m, and through the southwestern lucid asparagus seed of wild domestication in more than 20 years, nursery after pretreatment, rejects underproof seedling；
Step 2, selection of land: select average temperature of the whole year 16 ~ 25 DEG C, more than 180 days frost-free period, the area of annual rainfall 1000 ~ 1500mm relative air humidity more than 80%, select more than thickness 1m, red soil on the sunny side or yellow soil plantation；
Step 3, whole dig: turn over whole, ridging, sterilization, plough, the width on ridge is 0.8 ~ 1.2m, the gutter of 15 ~ 25cm is respectively stayed on both sides, ridge, sprays with quick lime or liquor potassic permanganate and carries out soil disinfection on ridge, digs a pit, hole, etc., the density in hole is 660 ~ 700/mu, the degree of depth * width in hole is 15cm*15cm or 20cm*15cm, executes fertilizer thick for 2 ~ 5cm or farm manure adds plant ash mixing and uses, earth thick for covering 5 ~ 7cm on fertilizer in hole；
Step 4, plantation: plant after autumn or spring plants, plant after rain；
Step 5, field management: a, middle weeding, ridging: earth up 4～6 times from field planting to results weeding altogether, earth up in time after heavy rain；
B, fertilising: combining weeding ridging and carry out, lucid asparagus grew in 1 year, spray concentration be 5 ~ 10% liquid dung 2～3 times, organic fertilizer 2～3 times afterwards；
C, row irrigation: irrigate 2 ~ 3 times, keep furrow face to moisten；
D, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: root rot is prevented and treated: carries out drainage works, spreads a little calcium lime powder around diseased plant；Control of aphids: cause harm the initial stage aphid, sprays with 40% Rogor 1000～1500 times of dilutions or mieyaling 1000～1500 times of dilutions, for the plant that insect pest is serious, cuts off its whole tendrils and execute lower fertilizer；
Step 6, results: excavate in early winter or the early spring, when excavating, prescind rattan and dig out complete stool root block, remove silt, cut off neck root, cuts medicinal block, remaining head and the part rootlet block stayed, and plants for plant division.
The cultural method of lucid asparagus the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step one, the pretreatment of lucid asparagus seed is: is put into by lucid asparagus seed in the clear water of 40 ~ 80 DEG C and soaks, soak time 48 ~ 96h, then pull out and dry the surface of the seed moisture, and carry out mixing seed dressing with seed treatment fungicides and dry.
The cultural method of lucid asparagus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 2, select height above sea level to plant in the soil of 300 ~ 1300m.
The cultural method of lucid asparagus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 3 or step 5 manure use, in fertilizer, the mass fraction of N:P:K ion is than for 5:7:8, and wherein the content of organic matter is more than 25%.
The cultural method of lucid asparagus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 4, select to plant after autumn, and plant after the August of the lunar calendar.
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| CN107691161A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-16 | 广西冠强农业开发有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method of tin colored Tupistra |
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| CN106305081A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-11 | 铜仁市万山区海洋农业科技发展有限公司 | Planting method of platycodon grandiflorums |
| CN106376350A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-02-08 | 南宁市乾瑞生态农业农民专业合作社 | Cultivation method of cassavas interplanted with radix asparagi |
| CN107691161A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-16 | 广西冠强农业开发有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method of tin colored Tupistra |
| CN108293655A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-07-20 | 广西冠强农业开发有限责任公司 | A kind of method of dragon fruit interplanting cylinder flower Tupistra |
| CN107646564A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-02 | 务川自治县皂角树茶业有限公司 | A kind of method prevented lucid asparagus and root rot occurs |
| CN111280004A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-06-16 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Asparagus cochinchinensis planting method |
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