CN102934580A - Planting method of jute in heavy-metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Planting method of jute in heavy-metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of jute in heavy-metal contaminated soil. The method comprises the following steps of: A, preparing soil and building a field, and applying passivator to reduce activity of heavy metal in the soil; B, selecting a specific jute variety with strong heavy metal contamination resistance, sowing in an enough amount at proper time to guarantee full seedlings; C, determining appropriate close planting, thinning/finally singlings in good time, and reserving enough basic seedlings; and D, intertilling/weeding in time, rationally topdressing/irrigating to culture effective strong plants; E, reinforcing prevention and control of diseases and insect pests to realize high yield of jute. By the jute planting method, the average yields of raw stems in light, medium and heavy contaminated jute fields are respectively 181.0+/-16.4, 174.9+/-15.7 and 158.5+/-15.3kg/mu, which reaches the high-yield level of the jute growing area in South China; and the content of heavy metal in raw jute can be controlled in a range of related standard limit, so that agricultural safety and effective utilization of heavy metal contaminated soil can be realized. The method is simple in technology and practical, and has wide application prospect in broad heavy metal contaminated areas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural environment child care and recovery technique field, what more specifically relate to is a kind of method heavy-metal contaminated soil plantation jute, is suitable for the popularization of the peasant in vast heavy metal pollution area and agrotechnical department etc.
Background technology
Along with the continuous propelling of industrialization and urbanization, China's heavy metal pollution of soil problem more and more is subject to people's great attention.According to related data, phase at the beginning of the eighties in last century, China was subjected to only 2,670,000 hectares of the arable areas of the heavy metal pollutions such as cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium, nickel, just be increased to 6,670,000 hectares in the time of 1988, to last century end 10 million hectare, broken through 2,000 ten thousand hectares at present, accounted for 20% of whole arable areas.More seriously, the heavy metal pollution of China's basic farmland is also quite serious.In recent years to the sampling monitoring result of 300,000 hectares of Basic Farmland Conservation Zones soil harmful heavy metals, found that 3.6 ten thousand hectares heavy metal content in soil exceeds standard according to national environmental protection section, exceeding standard rate is up to 12.1%.How to repair the contaminated by heavy metals farmland of utilization, caused the great attention of governments at all levels.
Generally speaking, China is not talk about " replanting " and " transformation of the way " rashly for slight heavy metal pollution farmland and part heavy metal pollution farmland, always keep original cropping pattern by various technological approaches by every means, to produce abundant edible agricultural product, with the grain security of guarantee China and the quality safety of food agricultural produce, only have and really can not produce the part heavy metal pollution farmland (being serious pollution farmland and small part intermediate pollution farmland) that meets the state food safety standard, just by phytoremediation technology it is improved utilization, but do not talk about the character of abandoning its farming land rashly yet, be not broken to guarantee country's " red lines in 1,800,000,000 mu of arable lands " lowest limit.
At present, usually the phytoremediation technology that adopts both at home and abroad mainly contains two classes: a class is to adopt super enriching plant to repair contaminated by heavy metals soil, such as penny cress (Thlaspi caerulescens) etc., but the large multi-biomass of super enriching plant is low, a little less than the diseases and insect pests resistance, and be used for the farmland and repair the character that will change its farming land; Another kind of is that the plant of adopting biomass to possess greatly and not super enriching heavy metal element is repaired and utilizes contaminated soil, such as bast fiber crop, flue-cured tobacco, mulberry tree, corn etc.
Jute (Corchorus Capsularis L.) has another name called network fiber crops, green fiber crops, belongs to the Tiliaceae Corchorus, is the annual herb fiber crop.Its fiber be mainly used in weaving gunnysack, burlap etc. are the most cheap vegetable fibers.Relatively low because of its output, and its main application replaces by chemical fibre substantially, and large-area plantation is seldom arranged at present.But the applicant finds when bearing national crudefiber crop industrial technology system inter-related task research, jute is the environmental protection crop of a kind of high " carbon remittance ", the ability of its absorbing carbon dioxide is 1-2 times of forest, have stronger resistance and growth rate faster in heavy metal pollution area plantation, can be used as and improve the alternative crop that utilizes heavy-metal contaminated soil.Although the bibliographical information of a large amount of jute cultivating superior high-yields aspect was once arranged both at home and abroad, its key technology has still suffered from many technical bottlenecks and obstacle in the applying of heavy metal pollution area:
The one, though the jute kind is many, really have the heavy metal pollution of resisting ability, the kind of especially resisting heavy metal severe contamination ability is rare.Result of study and the practice of applicant when bearing national crudefiber crop industrial technology System Construction inter-related task shows, many jute kinds do not possess the ability of the heavy metal pollution resisted, can not finish normal growth cycle in the heavy metal pollution area, even pollute on the more serious soil and can not survive.Therefore, produce heavy metal pollution regional development jute, must select the certain species with strong anti-heavy metal pollution ability.
The 2nd, applicant's result of study also shows with practice, even some kind possesses the ability of the heavy metal pollution resisted, but the early growth period in the heavy metal pollution area, especially the root system development in seedling stage still is subject to serious threat, even because heavy metal " corrosion " causes death, cause the phenomenon of being short of seedling serious.Therefore, producing heavy metal pollution regional development jute, how to guarantee numb garden realization " broadcasts full stand ", is a guardian technique problem guaranteeing the jute high yield.
The 3rd, applicant's research is also found, even possess the jute certain species of resisting more by force the heavy metal pollution ability, also the heavy metal pollution of soil degree there is different responses: under the condition of part moderate especially serious pollution, each kind all shows growth retardation, plant type and downgrades the features such as serious, and effective strain, the individual plant in numb garden are high and stem thick etc. be to consist of the most basic evaluation index that jute rich (height) produces.Therefore, produce heavy metal pollution regional development jute, need to determine a rational planting density basic seedling amount that unit are keeps when i.e. thinning, final singling; Simultaneously, the Basic Seedling that also needs to keep be grown to serve as strong individuality (its specific features be strain suitable high, stem is sturdy, skin depth is real, resistant to lodging etc.), seem particularly important under the prerequisite that planting density strengthens, this can only could obtain by field management measures such as diligent intertillage, skilful fertilising, in time irrigations.
The 4th, the pH value of soil is directly connected to the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil, affects the quality of agricultural product.The applicant studies for many years with the result who puts into practice and shows, long-term use in a large number such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer and such as the chemical acid phosphate fertilizer of superphosphate and so on, to directly cause the pH value of soil to reduce, the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil is strengthened, increase crop to absorption and the accumulation of heavy metal element, affect the quality of agricultural product.Jute is the large crop of a kind of fertilizer requirement, only uses enough fertilizer and just can guarantee its stable high yield.Therefore, produce heavy metal pollution regional development jute, the especially science problem of topdressing of a rational application of fertilizer is arranged, what use because topdress all is chemical fertilizer, if use improper, not only can induced environment risk (pollution of area source), and the meeting acidified soil, the activity of increase heavy metal-polluted soil.
Many technical problems and bottleneck for above-mentioned obstruction heavy metal pollution regional development jute produces according to applicant's years of researches result and practical experience, have proposed this invention content and technical application scheme.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of method heavy-metal contaminated soil plantation jute.Use the method heavy metal pollution area plantation jute, the average per unit area yield in slight pollution fiber crops garden is 181.0 ± 16.4 thousand g/acres, moderate, serious pollution fiber crops garden be respectively 174.9 ± 15.7 and 158.5 ± 15.3 thousand g/acres, all reached the high yield level in south China fiber crops districts, and the content of beary metal in the raw ramie can be controlled in the scope of relevant criterion limit value, the agricultural safety of having realized heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with efficient, technology is easy, easy to implement the method, has extremely wide application prospect in vast heavy metal pollution area.
In order to realize above-mentioned Destination and task, the present invention has adopted following technical measures:
A kind of method heavy-metal contaminated soil plantation jute the steps include:
Build the garden A. wholely, use passivator, reduce the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil.Choosing is fine carries out the work such as deep ploughing, minute railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, whole ground at heavy-metal contaminated soil in late March to mid-April, its tilling depth is advisable with 35-40 centimetre, the wide 1.8-3.6 rice that is generally in railway carriage or compartment, ridge length is controlled in 30 meters, whenever surpass 30 meters need and increase a waist ditch, every tap drain of 4-6 railway carriage or compartment excavation, excavation encloses ditch all around, and railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, tap drain and the ditch depth that encloses ditch are generally 30-45 centimetre.The concrete specification of the wide and ditch depth in railway carriage or compartment, decide in physical features and harvesting approach on numb child-care center, total principle is: be advisable with narrow railway carriage or compartment (1.8-2.4 rice) and shallow ridges (30-40 centimetre) in the numb garden of hillside, then being advisable with wide railway carriage or compartment (2.8-3.6 rice) and zanjon (35-45 centimetre) of flat nonirrigated farmland, paddy field; Be advisable with narrow railway carriage or compartment (1.8-2.4 rice) and shallow ridges (30-40 centimetre) in the numb garden of artificial results, then being advisable with wide railway carriage or compartment (2.8-3.6 rice) and zanjon (35-45 centimetre) of mechanical harvest.Before determining sowing, finish the shaped ground of fiber crops in 4-7 days, use the soil heavy metal passivant that comprises the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and three kinds of materials of quicklime by following standard, to reduce the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil, guarantee that after planting the jute seed can normally germinate, emerges and ensure its normal growth (especially Seedling Stage Root growth), improve numb shoot survival percent, improve numb shoot survival percent: slight pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and quicklime is respectively 75-125,25-75 and 25-50 kilogram; Intermediate pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and quicklime is respectively 100-150,50-100 and 50-75 kilogram; Serious pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and quicklime is respectively 125-175,75-125 and 75-100 kilogram.The concrete consumption of passivator is decided on content of beary metal and its fertility level of soil, and the overall principle is: the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivator Shaoshi; The soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low, passivator is executed more.
Described heavy-metal contaminated soil, refer to the content of Cadmium in Soil (Cd), plumbous (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), 7 kinds of elements of zinc (Zn), have a kind of agricultural allowable value that country's " standard of soil environment quality " (GB15618-1995) stipulates, i.e. secondary standard value in this standard of having surpassed at least.
Described slight pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in the soil, according to the agricultural allowable value (GB15618-1995) stipulated of country's " standard of soil environment quality ", have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium is (in Cd, lower with) 0.1-6.0 that exceeds the agricultural allowable value of GB doubly, arsenic, nickel, the content of copper is (respectively with As, Ni, the Cu meter, lower with) 0.1-5.0 that exceeds the agricultural allowable value of GB doubly, plumbous, chromium, the content of zinc is (respectively with Pb, Cr, Zn meter, lower with) 0.1-3.0 that exceeds the agricultural allowable value of GB doubly.
Described intermediate pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in the soil, according to the agricultural allowable value (GB15618-1995) stipulated of country's " standard of soil environment quality ", have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium exceeds 6.1-17.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, the content of arsenic, nickel, copper exceeds 5.1-8.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, and the content of lead, chromium, zinc exceeds 3.1-5.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB.
Described serious pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in the soil, according to the agricultural allowable value (GB15618-1995) stipulated of country's " standard of soil environment quality ", have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium exceeds 17.1-35.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, the content of arsenic, nickel and copper exceeds 8.1-15.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, and the content of lead, chromium and zinc exceeds 5.1-10.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB.
Described harvesting approach refers to artificial and two kinds of numb modes of receipts of machinery.
Described soil heavy metal passivant refers to comprise the three kinds of materials of oil cake, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and quicklime of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
The described oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed by cake-shaped rape seed dregs or tea is withered or the withered mixture of cake-shaped rape seed dregs/tea forms through 20 days spontaneous fermentation, has the dual-use function of fertilizer and soil passivator concurrently in the present invention.
Described fused calcium magnesium phosphate is commercially available commodity chemical fertilizer, has in the present invention the dual-use function of phosphate fertilizer and soil passivator concurrently.
Described quicklime, it is a kind of strong alkaline substance of being produced through acidolysis, adding reaction of sodium bicarbonate and calcination process by calcium carbonate, its composition is calcium oxide (chemical formula is CaO), major function is the activity of passivation heavy metal-polluted soil in the present invention, and also can be jute production simultaneously provides part calcareous (Ca
2+) nutrition.
B. select the certain species of anti-heavy metal pollution, capacity is begun sowing in good time, and guarantees " one broadcasts full stand ".Select the Hunan jute No. 3; or in draw jute No. 1; or in draw jute No. 2; or jute 179; or good fortune jute No. 3; or the jute certain species of the strong anti-heavy metal pollution such as yellow No. 1 of Fujian; plant numb seeding quantity (thousand g/acres of 1.50-2.00 in farming district routine; " crop cultivation " chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane referring to chief editors such as Hu Liyong; Higher Education Publishing House published in 2008) the basis on, increase the sowing quantity of 5-30%; be that every mu of seeding quantity is the 1.58-2.60 kilogram, select fine day April and sow with the bar broadcast mode.Sown scope during sowing (broadcasting the face width degree) with 1.0-2.0 centimetre wide be advisable, seed level (face of broadcasting digs deeply) is advisable with 0.6-0.8 centimetre, stripe pitch is 10-12 centimetre.After finishing kind, broadcasting on the face the thick 0.8-1.0 of earthing centimetre, guarantee to realize " one broadcasts full stand " immediately.
Described " one broadcasts full stand ", refer to the quantity of after planting emerging, the most basic needed seedling number (is generally 2.5-3.0 ten thousand strain/mus in the time of can satisfying thinning fully, " crop cultivation " chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane referring to chief editors such as Hu Liyong, Higher Education Publishing House, published in 2008), and do not need to reseed separately.
The source explanation of described jute kind genetic resources:
Hunan jute No. 3: be crudefiber crop research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences " the long fruit of wide leaf " seed warp
60Seed selection forms after the Co-γ radiation, and 1997 fixed by Hunan Province Crop breed audit committee member joint hearing (recognizing).
In draw jute No. 1: be crudefiber crop research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the jute kind of external introduction (original name: O-1), examined that (recognizing) is fixed, registration (cultivar registration numbering: XPD026-2009) in 2009 by the non-staple crops kind of Hunan Province's Crop breed audit committee.
In draw jute No. 2: be crudefiber crop research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the jute kind of external introduction (original name: C-1), examined that (recognizing) is fixed, registration (cultivar registration numbering: XPD027-2009) in 2009 by the non-staple crops kind of Hunan Province's Crop breed audit committee.
Jute 179: be that former Fujian Agriculture College is in the jute kind of 1972-1979 by selection cross.Through the variety comparative test in 3 years in 1978-1980 Fujian, classify the contrast kind of Fujian Province's jute regional test as in nineteen eighty-two, and it is fixed to have passed through Fujian Province's variety of crops careful (recognizing).
Good fortune jute No. 3: be that University Of Agriculture and Forestry In Fujian passes through the jute new varieties that (No. 2, Mei Feng) * (Fujian fiber crops No. 5) selection cross forms, examined (recognizing) by Fujian Province's variety of crops and decide (the kind authentication code: fiber crops 2012003 are recognized in Fujian) in 2012.
Yellow No. 1 of Fujian: be that Fujian Academy passes through the jute new varieties that (No. 2, Mei Feng) * (Fujian fiber crops No. 4) selection cross forms, examined (recognizing) by Fujian Province's variety of crops and decide (the kind authentication code: fiber crops 2012004 are recognized in Fujian) in 2012.
C. determine suitable plantation dense planting, Basic Seedling is stopped in good time thinning/final singling.A) Suitable Density of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute, i.e. the basic seedling amount that keeps during final singling is decided on the heavy metal pollution of soil degree.Soil for slight pollution, its planting density is planted the consistent of fiber crops with farming district routine, i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is that 1.80-2.30 ten thousand strains are (referring to the chief editors' such as Hu Liyong " crop cultivation " chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane, Higher Education Publishing House published in 2008); The soil of intermediate pollution, its planting density, the increase 5-15% that plants fiber crops than farming district routine, i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.89-2.34 ten thousand strains; The soil of serious pollution, its planting density is planted fiber crops than farming district routine and is increased 10-20%, i.e. and the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.97-2.42 ten thousand strains; B) thinning of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute and the suitable time of final singling, all than farming district routine plant fiber crops delay 2-4 days, that is: when growing 2-4 sheet true leaf, height of seedling 5-7 centimetre, numb seedling begins thinning, formal final singling when numb seedling grows 8-10 sheet true leaf, height of seedling 13-15 centimetre.
D. in time intertillage/weeding is rationally topdressed/irrigate, and cultivates effectively strong strain.A) carry out the intertillage first time, weeding in conjunction with thinning and topdress, its tilling depth is advisable with 2-3 centimetre, and every mu of nitrogen pool of using (in N, lower with) is controlled at 0.9-1.2 kilogram, general potassium amount (with K
2The O meter) is controlled at the 1.2-1.8 kilogram.B) carry out the intertillage second time, weeding in conjunction with final singling and topdress, its tilling depth is advisable with 4-5 centimetre, and every mu of nitrogen pool of using is controlled at the 1.2-2.0 kilogram, general potassium amount is controlled at the 1.2-1.8 kilogram.C) when height of seedling reaches 23-25 centimetre, intertill for the third time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is advisable with 6-7 centimetre, every mu of nitrogen pool of using is controlled at the 3.0-5.0 kilogram, general potassium amount is controlled at the 2.4-4.2 kilogram, and increasing simultaneously total phosphorus content is that the 1.0-1.8 kilogram is (with P
2O
5Meter) phosphate fertilizer.D) (numb garden Feng Hangqian) carries out the 4th intertillage, weeding and topdresses when numb seedling grows to 45-50 centimetre high, and its tilling depth is advisable with 4-5 centimetre, fertilizer type and consumption all with topdress for the third time consistent.E) before results, take advantage of in 50-60 days the rainy day or irrigate after use for the last time and topdress (i.e. " catch up with the tip fertile "), its fertilizer type and consumption, all with topdress the second time consistent.Should be specifically noted that when f) topdressing, forbid to use the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on, and such as the chemical acid phosphate fertilizer of superphosphate and so on, in order to avoid the aggravation soil acidification, increase the activity of heavy metal.G) at continuous summer and autumn property period of drought without rain, adopted the slow water of furrow irrigation mode to irrigate once every 8-10 days, the irrigation water surface in the ditch hangs down 0.5-1.0 centimetre than the railway carriage or compartment face in numb garden.
Described effectively strong strain, plant height can reach 2.0-4.5 rice, stem and slightly can reach 0.8-2.0 centimetre, skin depth and can reach the jute individual plant of 0.7-1.2 millimeter (referring to the chief editors' such as Hu Liyong " crop cultivation " chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane when referring to ripe results, Higher Education Publishing House published in 2008).
E. strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, realize the jute high yield.A) the modal damage by disease and insect of jute is anthracnose, stem blight, damping off, bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease, cutworm, corn borer and two spotted spider mite, plant jute at heavy metal pollution (especially having cut off the intermediate pollution of food chain in serious pollution and part) soil, adopt the Agro-chemicals control damage by disease and insect be a kind of the most directly, the effective ways of economic (material benefit).B) every mu of usefulness 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 600 times of liquid of the U.S. wetting powder of anthrax good fortune of 80%, or 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 600 times of liquid sprayings of Tuzet wetting powder of 50%, prevent and treat anthracnose, stem blight.C) every mu of usefulness 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 600 times of liquid of Dexon powder of 90%, or 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 800 times of liquid sprayings of many good fortune mixture of 40%, prevent and treat damping off and bacterial wilt.D) every mu of usefulness 2 kilogram-mass mark are that 10% fosthiazate granule is mixed soil and spread fertilizer over the fields, or are that 30% Nellite emulsion is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions, prevent and treat root knot nematode disease.E) be that 90% chlorophos pulvis is watered 45 kilograms and sprays on the bright grass of chopping at every mu of usefulness of Seedling Stage 50 or 100 gram mass marks, be spread on ground trapping cutworm.F) incubating Sheng phase every mu of usefulness 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions at ovum is that 20% fenvalerate is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings, control of maize snout moth's larva.G) every mu of usefulness 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are that 2.5% decis is watered 45 kilograms and incubates the phase spraying, the control two spotted spider mite in larva clustering or Sheng.
Described high yield, every mu of raw ramie per unit area yield need reach the level (referring to the chief editors' such as Hu Liyong " crop cultivation " chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane, Higher Education Publishing House published in 2008 years) of 150-200 kilogram when referring to gather in the crops.
The U.S. wetting powder of described anthrax good fortune is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is by tmtd (30%, w/w), (50%, w/w), the compositions such as auxiliary agent and carrier, outward appearance is the grey powder to ziram, and low toxicity has and suppresses and the double action of sterilization.
Described Tuzet wetting powder is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is the complex preparation of tmtd, ziram, bis methylarsine; its active ingredient is " N; N-dimethyl dithiocarbamic acid first arsine "+" zine dimethyldithiocarbamate "+" two (dimethyl thiocarbamoyl) two sulphur things ", is a kind of bactericide of broad spectrum protection.
Described wetting powder is the common a kind of formulation of commercially available agricultural chemical.It by a certain percentage after fully mixing is pulverized, reaches the formulation of certain particle size by pesticide original medicine, inert filler and auxiliary agent.From in shape, it and pulvis indistinction, but because it has added the auxiliary agents such as wetting agent, dispersant can be moistening by water after being added in the water, disperse, and form suspension, can spray and use.Compare with missible oil, the production cost of wetting powder is low, available paper bag or plastic bag packaging, and accumulating is convenient, safety, and the packaging material ratio is easier to process.The more important thing is, wetting powder does not use solvent and emulsifier, and is safer to plant.
Described fenaminosulf, have another name called Dexon, feel well, fenaminosulf, be a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is moderately toxic bactericide, prevents and treats disease take protective effect as main, has systemic action concurrently.
Described many good fortune mixture is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is the complex preparation of carbendazim and tmtd, for having the bactericide of protective effect.
Described fosthiazate granule is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is mainly used in preventing and treating nematode, aphid etc., and root-knot nematode, pratylenchus are had special efficacy.
Described Nellite is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is first organic phosphor nematocide that occurs mid-term the 1950's, and its preparation has missible oil, pulvis etc.Long because of its strong toxicity, residence time, in the numb garden of slight pollution, ban use of.
Described chlorophos pulvis is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is the insecticide of organic phosphates.
The described chrysanthemum ester of killing has another name called sumicidin, fenvalerate, Belmark, speed and kills ester, Belmark, nitrile chlorine phenothrin, is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.Take action of contace poison as main, the effects such as stomach toxicity, ovicidal and food refusal are also arranged, be that stronger lethality is arranged to larva, pupa, the ovum of insect.
Described decis has another name called " decis ", is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.The highest a kind of of virulence in the present chrysanthemum ester insecticide.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
A. the Hunan jute determined of the present invention is No. 3; in draw jute No. 1; in draw jute No. 2; jute 179; good fortune jute No. 3; 6 jute certain species of yellow No. 1 grade in Fujian; even at Cadmium in Soil content be 35 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB; or arsenic; nickel; copper content is 15 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB; or plumbous; chromium; zinc content is under the exceedingly odious soil environment condition such as 10 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB; all can finish normal growth cycle; and (applicant's microcell analog reslt is the 0.12-0.18 Kilograms Per Square Meter to have higher Raw fiber yield; amount to per mu yield 80.0-120.0 kilogram); the ability that shows above-mentioned certain species tolerance heavy metal pollution is strong, is that heavy metal pollution regional development jute produces; realize contaminated soil agricultural safety and the efficient first-selected kind of utilizing.
B. the present invention comprises the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed by using, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and quicklime are at three kinds of interior passivator, make the heavy metal-polluted soil activity reduce significantly that (applicant's field trial monitoring result is: the effective cadmium content of soil 44.2-80.3% that descended, Available Lead, arsenic content also descended respectively 38.4-73.6% and 40.5-79.8%), effectively alleviated cadmium, plumbous, the impact that the heavy metal elements such as arsenic grow on jute, particularly on the impact of its Seedling Stage root growth and development, improved significantly the survival rate (applicant's field test results is: intermediate pollution soil is not used numb shoot survival percent that passivator processes only about 50%, and that uses that passivator processes has then brought up to 85-90%) of numb seedling.Simultaneously, by implementing the determined an amount of increase seeding quantity of the present invention, appropriateness increases planting density, diligent intertillage, skilful fertilising, the in time field technique measures such as irrigation and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, guaranteed that Ma Yuanfeng (height) produces: the average per unit area yield in slight pollution fiber crops garden is 181.0 ± 16.4 thousand g/acres, the per unit area yield in moderate and serious pollution fiber crops garden is respectively 174.9 ± 15.7 and 158.5 ± 15.3 thousand g/acres, (standard is thousand g/acres of 150-200 all to have met or exceeded the southern numb high yield level of distinguishing, " crop cultivation " chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane referring to chief editors such as Hu Liyong, Higher Education Publishing House, published in 2008), and the content of beary metal in the raw ramie can be controlled in American-European limits the quantity of in the standard of (20 mg/kg) about cadmium in the textile raw material (Cd), the agricultural safety of having realized heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with efficient, technology is easy, easy to implement the method, have extremely wide application prospect in vast heavy metal pollution area.
C. traditional jute high-yield fertilization mode is " using sufficient base manure ", its Main is every mu of farmyard manure (containing farmyard manure) of using the 3-4 ton prior to seeding, and the potassium chloride of the superphosphate of compounding application 30-50 kilogram (being the chemically acid fertilizer that the present invention is forbidden) and about 10 kilograms, after planting more every mu use 150 kilograms of ash and cover seed (referring to the chief editor's such as Hu Liyong " crop cultivation " chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane, Higher Education Publishing House, published in 2008), its workload is large, is not in the cards in the rural area that present between twenty and fifty labour goes out to work substantially.The present invention takes full advantage of become thoroughly decomposed oil cake and fused calcium magnesium phosphate can the required nutrient of effective supply jute, and the effective dual-use function of passivation heavy metal-polluted soil activity has replaced farmyard manure (containing farmyard manure), potassium chloride and ash etc. and used as base manure again.Use the fertilizer cost that farmyard manure (containing farmyard manure) has increased 37.5-87.5 unit/mu newly although drop into the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, but saved the labor of 1-2/mu, and reduced using of 10,000 g/acres of left and right sides potassium chloride, not only overall economic efficiency is considerable, and social benefit more obvious (peasant takes like a shot, and has realized that the agricultural safety of heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with efficient).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but is not to be limitation of the present invention, all any this areas of doing according to the disclosure of invention be equal to replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of method heavy-metal contaminated soil plantation jute the steps include:
Build the garden A. wholely, use passivator, reduce the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil.
Choosing is fine carries out the work such as deep ploughing, minute railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, whole ground at heavy-metal contaminated soil late March or early April or mid-April.
Fiber crops Orchard Soil ploughing depth, be advisable with 35 or 37 or 38 or 40 centimetres, specifically decide in the pollution level of physical features and heavy metal on numb child-care center: the numb garden of hillside with the shallow plowing (35-37 centimetre) be advisable, flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field then with the deep ploughing (38-40 centimetre) be advisable; Being advisable with shallow plowing (35-37 centimetre) in the lower numb garden of pollution level, with serious pollutionly then is advisable with deep ploughing (38-40 centimetre).
The Ma Yuan railway carriage or compartment is wide, is generally 1.8 or 2.1 or 2.4 or 2.8 or 3.2 or 3.6 meters, specifically decides in physical features and harvesting approach on numb child-care center: be advisable with narrow railway carriage or compartment (1.8-2.4 rice) in the numb garden of hillside, then being advisable with wide railway carriage or compartment (2.8-3.6 rice) of flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field; Be advisable with narrow railway carriage or compartment (1.8-2.4 rice) in the numb garden of artificial results, then being advisable with wide railway carriage or compartment (2.8-3.6 rice) of mechanical harvest.
The Ma Yuan ridge is long, and general control whenever surpasses 30 meters need and increases a waist ditch in 30 meters.
Every tap drain of 4 or 5 or 6 railway carriage or compartments excavation, excavation encloses ditch all around in the fiber crops garden.
The ditch depth of waist ditch and tap drain in the fiber crops garden, be generally 30 or 35 or 40 or 45 centimetres, concrete specification is decided on numb field gesture and harvesting approach, total principle is: the numb garden of hillside with shallow ridges (30-40 centimetre) be advisable, then being advisable with zanjon (35-45 centimetre) of flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field, the numb garden of artificial results with shallow ridges (30-40 centimetre) be advisable, then being advisable with zanjon (35-45 centimetre) of mechanical harvest, but must guarantee with the irrigation and drainage of the railway carriage or compartment ditch (ditch depth is 35 or 40 or 45 centimetres) in numb garden, waist ditch (ditch depth is 35 or 40 or 45 centimetres) etc. unimpeded.
In determining to sow front 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 days, finish farming between the numb vegetable gardens such as a minute railway carriage or compartment ridging, the whole ground of trench digging, and after finishing, use immediately the soil heavy metal passivant that comprises the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and three kinds of materials of quicklime wholely.
The numb garden passivator consumption of slight pollution soil is: become thoroughly decomposed oil cake 75 or 85 or 95 or 105 or 115 or 125,000 g/acres, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 25 or 35 or 45 or 55 or 65 or 75,000 g/acres, quicklime 25 or 30 or 35 or 40 or 45 or 50,000 g/acres.
The numb garden passivator consumption of intermediate pollution soil is: become thoroughly decomposed oil cake 100 or 110 or 120 or 130 or 140 or 150,000 g/acres, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50 or 60 or 70 or 80 or 90 or double centner/mu, quicklime 50 or 55 or 60 or 65 or 70 or 75,000 g/acres.
The numb garden passivator consumption of serious pollution soil is: become thoroughly decomposed oil cake 125 or 135 or 145 or 155 or 165 or 175,000 g/acres, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 75 or 85 or 95 or 105 or 115 or 125,000 g/acres, quicklime 75 or 80 or 85 or 90 or 95 or double centner/mu.
The purpose of using passivator mainly is to reduce the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil, guarantee jute seed after planting normal germination, emerge and the growing of seedlings root, improving numb shoot survival percent, also is simultaneously to produce the nutrient (passivator is used the base manure that has replaced numb garden) that provides necessary for jute.The concrete consumption of passivator is decided on content of beary metal and its fertility level of soil, and the overall principle is: the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivator Shaoshi; The soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low, passivator is executed more.
B. select the certain species of anti-heavy metal pollution, capacity is begun sowing in good time, and guarantees " one broadcasts full stand ".
Select the Hunan jute No. 3; or in draw jute No. 1; or in draw jute No. 2; or jute 179; or good fortune jute No. 3; or the jute certain species of the strong anti-heavy metal pollution such as yellow No. 1 of Fujian; plant numb seeding quantity in farming district routine and (be generally thousand g/acres of 1.50-2.00; " crop cultivation " chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane referring to chief editors such as Hu Liyong; Higher Education Publishing House published in 2008) the basis on, increase 5 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 25 or 30% sowing quantity; the seeding quantity that is every mu is 1.58 or 1.78 or 1.99 or 2.19 or 2.40 or 2.60 kilograms, selects fine day in April and sows with the bar broadcast mode.
Sown scope during sowing (broadcasting the face width degree) with 1.0 or 1.5 or 2.0 centimetres wide be advisable, seed level (face of broadcasting digs deeply) is advisable with 0.6 or 0.7 or 0.8 centimetre, stripe pitch is 10 or 11 or 12 centimetres.After finishing kind, broadcasting on the face thick 0.8 or 0.9 or 1.0 centimetre of earthing, guarantee to realize " one broadcasts full stand " immediately.
In view of the seed of jute less, irregular for preventing from sowing, seed and the dry ground of crossing 2 mesh sieves (the dry ground consumption during every mu of sowing is 10 or 11 or 12 kilograms) fully can be sowed behind the mixing again.Its concrete operation method is: first dry ground is crossed 2 mesh sieves (being aperture 8 mm sieve), taking by weighing needed dry ground quantity according to sowing area divides on the cement flooring of cleaning, thickness is no more than 5 millimeters, after moistening in the ratio spraying of every kilogram of dry ground water 300 or 350 or 400 milliliters, again seed is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on damp soil, fully can carry out field sowing behind the mixing.
C. determine suitable plantation dense planting, Basic Seedling is stopped in good time thinning/final singling.
The Suitable Density of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute, i.e. the basic seedling amount that keeps during final singling is decided on the heavy metal pollution of soil degree.
Soil for slight pollution, its suitable planting density, plant the consistent of fiber crops with farming district routine and (be generally 1.80-2.30 ten thousand strains, " crop cultivation " chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane referring to chief editors such as Hu Liyong, Higher Education Publishing House, published in 2008), i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.80 or 1.90 or 2.00 or 2.10 or 2.20 or 2.30 ten thousand strains.
For the soil of intermediate pollution, its suitable planting density, the increase 5 or 7 or 9 or 11 or 13 or 15% of planting fiber crops than farming district routine, i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.89 or 1.98 or 2.07 or 2.16 or 2.25 or 2.34 ten thousand strains.
For the soil of serious pollution, its suitable planting density is planted fiber crops than farming district routine and is increased 10 or 12 or 14 or 16 or 18 or 20%, i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.97 or 2.06 or 2.15 or 2.24 or 2.33 or 2.42 ten thousand strains.
The suitable time of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute thinning and final singling is all delayed 2 or 3 or 4 days than what farming district routine was planted fiber crops.
When growing, numb seedling begins thinning when 2 or 3 or 4 true leaves, heights of seedling reach 5 or 6 or 7 centimetres.
Formal final singling when numb seedling grows 8 or 9 or 10 true leaves, heights of seedling and reaches 13 or 14 or 15 centimetres.
D. in time intertillage/weeding is rationally topdressed/irrigate, and cultivates effectively strong strain.
Carry out the intertillage first time, weeding and topdress in conjunction with thinning, its tilling depth is advisable with 2 or 3 centimetres, and every mu of nitrogen pool of using (in N, lower with) is controlled at 0.9 or 1.0 or 1.1 or 1.2 kilogram, general potassium amount (with K
2The O meter) is controlled at 1.2 or 1.4 or 1.6 or 1.8 kilograms.
Carry out the intertillage second time, weeding and topdress in conjunction with final singling, its tilling depth is advisable with 4 or 5 centimetres, and every mu of nitrogen pool of using is controlled at 1.2 or 1.4 or 1.6 or 1.8 or 2.0 kilograms, general potassium amount and is controlled at 1.2 or 1.4 or 1.6 or 1.8 kilograms.
When numb seedling grows to 23 or 24 or 25 centimetres, intertill for the third time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is advisable with 6 or 7 centimetres, every mu of nitrogen pool of using is controlled at 3.0 or 3.5 or 4.0 or 4.5 or 5.0 kilograms, general potassium amount and is controlled at 2.4 or 3.0 or 3.6 or 4.2 kilograms, increases simultaneously total phosphorus content and be 1.0 or 1.2 or 1.4 or 1.6 or 1.8 kilograms (with P
2O
5Meter) phosphate fertilizer.
(numb garden Feng Hangqian) carries out the 4th intertillage, weeding and topdresses when numb seedling grows to 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 centimetres, and its tilling depth is advisable with 4 or 5 centimetres, fertilizer type and consumption all with topdress for the third time consistent.
Before results, take advantage of the rainy day in 50 or 52 or 54 or 56 or 58 or 60 days or irrigate after use for the last time and topdress, namely impose " catch up with the tip fertile ", its fertilizer type and consumption, all with topdress the second time consistent.
Should be specifically noted that when topdressing, forbid to use the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on, and such as the chemical acid phosphate fertilizer of superphosphate and so on, in order to avoid the aggravation soil acidification increases heavy metal-polluted soil active.
Without the summer and autumn property period of drought of rain, adopted the slow water of furrow irrigation mode to irrigate once continuously every 8 or 9 or 10 days, the irrigation water surface in the ditch hangs down 0.5 or 0.8 or 1.0 centimetre than the railway carriage or compartment face in numb garden.
E. strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, realize the jute high yield.
The modal damage by disease and insect of jute is anthracnose, stem blight, damping off, bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease, cutworm, corn borer and two spotted spider mite.
Plant jute at heavy metal pollution (especially having cut off the intermediate pollution of food chain in serious pollution and part) soil, adopt the Agro-chemicals control damage by disease and insect be a kind of the most directly, the effective ways of economic (material benefit).
Every mu of usefulness 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 600 times of liquid of the U.S. wetting powder of anthrax good fortune of 80%, or 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 600 times of liquid sprayings of Tuzet wetting powder of 50%, prevent and treat anthracnose, stem blight.
Every mu of usefulness 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 600 times of liquid of Dexon powder of 90%, or 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 800 times of liquid sprayings of many good fortune mixture of 40%, prevent and treat damping off and bacterial wilt.
Every mu of usefulness 2 kilogram-mass mark are that 10% fosthiazate granule is mixed soil and spread fertilizer over the fields, or are that 30% Nellite emulsion is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions, prevent and treat root knot nematode disease.
Be that 90% chlorophos pulvis is watered 45 kilograms and sprays on the bright grass of chopping at every mu of usefulness of Seedling Stage 50 or 100 gram mass marks, be spread on ground trapping cutworm.
Incubating Sheng phase every mu of usefulness 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions at ovum is that 20% fenvalerate is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings, control of maize snout moth's larva.
Every mu of usefulness 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are that 2.5% decis is watered 45 kilograms and incubates the phase spraying, the control two spotted spider mite in larva clustering or Sheng.
The pilot plant test of " a kind of method heavy-metal contaminated soil plantation jute " and demonstration result are shown in subordinate list 1.The result of subordinate list 1 shows: the average yield in slight pollution fiber crops gardens (large South Lake, Yuanjiang City, Hunan Province south of a town Hu Cun) is 181.0 ± 16.4 thousand g/acres, plant fiber crops (Chen Jia village, Chen Jiazui town, Anxiang County, Hunan Province than farming district routine, average yield (172.8 ± 18.6 thousand g/acres) down together) exceeds 4.7%, but difference does not reach 5% significance level (0.05＜p＜0.10); The average yield in intermediate pollution fiber crops gardens (Yan Xi village, Yan Xi town, Anhua County, Hunan Province, end of the bridge village, Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province Chinese catalpa raft of pontoons town, Zhong Lu village, zhuzhou, hunan province city Tianxin District Ma Jiahe town) is 174.9 ± 15.7 thousand g/acres, plants the basically identical of fiber crops with farming district routine; The average yield in serious pollution fiber crops gardens (sand flat village, Xiao Jiahe town, Jiahe County, Hunan Province, Hunan, Liuyang City, Hunan Province and the former green land of chemical industry plant area) is 158.5 ± 15.3 thousand g/acres, plants the low by 8.3% of fiber crops, significant difference (p＜0.05) than farming district routine.But no matter be serious pollution fiber crops gardens, or moderate, slight pollution fiber crops garden, its output has all reached the high yield level of thousand g/acres of south China jute producing region 150-200, and the content of beary metal in the product (raw ramie), all be controlled at and American-European limit the quantity of in the critical field of (20 mg/kg) about cadmium in the textile raw material (Cd), the agricultural safety and the efficient target of utilizing of heavy-metal contaminated soil have been realized, technology is easy, easy to implement the method, has extremely wide application prospect in vast heavy metal pollution area.
Subordinate list 1. pilot plant tests and Demonstration Base heavy metal pollution and jute production overview
1)
1)Varieties of plant is Hunan jute No. 3; Alphabetical identical person represents difference not significantly (p＞0.05) between the two in the table.
Claims (1)
1. the method heavy-metal contaminated soil plantation jute the steps include:
Build the garden A. wholely, use passivator, reduce the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil: choosing fine in late March to mid-April on heavy-metal contaminated soil deep ploughing, minute railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, whole ground, its tilling depth is 35-40 centimetre, the railway carriage or compartment is wide to be 1.8-3.6 rice, and ridge length is controlled in 30 meters, whenever surpasses 30 meters and increases a waist ditch, every tap drain of 4-6 railway carriage or compartment excavation, excavation encloses ditch all around; Railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, tap drain and the ditch depth that encloses ditch are 30-45 centimetre; Before determining sowing, finish the shaped ground of fiber crops in 4-7 days, use soil heavy metal passivant by following standard: slight pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and quicklime is respectively 75-125,25-75 and 25-50 kilogram; Intermediate pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and quicklime is respectively 100-150,50-100 and 50-75 kilogram; Serious pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and quicklime is respectively 125-175,75-125 and 75-100 kilogram;
Described heavy-metal contaminated soil refers to the content of Cadmium in Soil, lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, copper, 7 kinds of elements of zinc to have a kind of agricultural allowable value that has surpassed national Specification at least;
Described soil heavy metal passivant comprises the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and three kinds of materials of quicklime;
Described slight pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in the soil, agricultural allowable value according to national Specification, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium exceeds 0.1-6.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, the content of arsenic, nickel, copper exceeds 0.1-5.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, and the content of lead, chromium, zinc exceeds 0.1-3.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB;
Described intermediate pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in the soil, agricultural allowable value according to national Specification, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium exceeds 6.1-17.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, the content of arsenic, nickel, copper exceeds 5.1-8.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, and the content of lead, chromium, zinc exceeds 3.1-5.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB;
Described serious pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in the soil, agricultural allowable value according to national Specification, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium exceeds 17.1-35.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, the content of arsenic, nickel and copper exceeds 8.1-15.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, and the content of lead, chromium and zinc exceeds 5.1-10.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB;
B. select the certain species of anti-heavy metal pollution, capacity is begun sowing in good time, guarantee to broadcast full stand: select the Hunan jute No. 3, or in draw jute No. 1, or in draw jute No. 2, or jute 179, or good fortune jute No. 3, or the kind of the yellow No. 1 tolerance heavy metal pollution in Fujian, plant in farming district routine on the sowing quantity basis of fiber crops, increase the sowing quantity of 5-30%, it is every mu of sowing 1.58-2.60 kilogram, select fine day with the sowing of bar broadcast mode in April, its sown scope width is advisable with 1.0-2.0 centimetre, the thick 0.8-1.0 of earthing centimetre;
C. determine suitable plantation dense planting, in good time thinning/final singling, stop Basic Seedling: a) density of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute, slight pollution soil and conventional the consistent of fiber crops of planting in farming district, i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.80-2.30 ten thousand strains; Intermediate pollution soil is than the conventional increase 5-15% that plants fiber crops in farming district, i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.89-2.34 ten thousand strains; Serious pollution soil is than the conventional increase 10-20% that plants fiber crops in farming district, i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.97-2.42 ten thousand strains; B) thinning and the final singling time of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute, all than farming district routine plant fiber crops delay 2-4 days, that is: begin thinning when numb seedling grows 2-4 sheet true leaf, height of seedling 5-7 centimetre, formal final singling when growing 8-10 sheet true leaf, height of seedling 13-15 centimetre;
D. in time intertillage/weeding, rationally topdress/irrigate, cultivate effectively strong strain: a) carry out the intertillage first time, weeding in conjunction with thinning and topdress, its tilling depth is 2-3 centimetre, and every mu of nitrogen pool in N of using is controlled at the 0.9-1.2 kilogram, is controlled at the 1.2-1.8 kilogram in the general potassium amount of K2O; B) carry out the intertillage second time, weeding in conjunction with final singling and topdress, its tilling depth is 4-5 centimetre, and every mu of total N content of using is controlled at the 1.2-2.0 kilogram, total K2O amount is controlled at the 1.2-1.8 kilogram; C) when height of seedling reaches 23-25 centimetre, intertill for the third time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is 6-7 centimetre, every mu of total N content of using is controlled at the 3.0-5.0 kilogram, total K2O amount is controlled at the 2.4-4.2 kilogram, increases simultaneously the phosphate fertilizer take the total phosphorus content of P2O5 as the 1.0-1.8 kilogram; D) be that numb garden Feng Hangqian carries out the 4th intertillage, weeding and topdresses when numb seedling grows to 45-50 centimetre high, its tilling depth is 4-5 centimetre, fertilizer type and consumption all with topdress for the third time consistent; E) before results, take advantage of in 50-60 days the rainy day or irrigate after use for the last time and topdress, its fertilizer type and consumption all with topdress the second time consistent; Forbid to use the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on when f) topdressing; G) at continuous summer and autumn property period of drought without rain, adopted the furrow irrigation mode to pour water once every 8-10 days, the irrigation water surface in the ditch hangs down 0.5-1.0 centimetre than the railway carriage or compartment face in numb garden;
Described effectively strong strain, plant height reaches 2.0-4.5 rice, stem and slightly reaches the jute individual plant that 0.8-2.0 centimetre, skin depth reach the 0.7-1.2 millimeter when referring to ripe results;
E. strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, realize the jute high yield: a) the modal damage by disease and insect of jute has anthracnose, stem blight, damping off, bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease, cutworm, corn borer and two spotted spider mite; B) every mu of usefulness 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 600 times of liquid of the U.S. wetting powder of anthrax good fortune of 80%, or 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 600 times of liquid sprayings of Tuzet wetting powder of 50%, prevent and treat anthracnose, stem blight; C) every mu of usefulness 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 600 times of liquid of Dexon powder of 90%, or 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 800 times of liquid sprayings of many good fortune mixture of 40%, prevent and treat damping off and bacterial wilt; D) every mu of usefulness 2 kilogram-mass mark are that 10% fosthiazate granule is mixed soil and spread fertilizer over the fields, or are that 30% Nellite emulsion is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions, prevent and treat root knot nematode disease; E) be that 90% chlorophos pulvis is watered 45 kilograms and sprays on the bright grass of chopping at every mu of usefulness of Seedling Stage 50 or 100 gram mass marks, be spread on ground trapping cutworm; F) incubating Sheng phase every mu of usefulness 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions at ovum is that 20% fenvalerate is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings, control of maize snout moth's larva; G) every mu of usefulness 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are that 2.5% decis is watered 45 kilograms and incubates the phase spraying, the control two spotted spider mite in larva clustering or Sheng.
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