CN113058984A - Phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland - Google Patents
Phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN113058984A CN113058984A CN202110321492.4A CN202110321492A CN113058984A CN 113058984 A CN113058984 A CN 113058984A CN 202110321492 A CN202110321492 A CN 202110321492A CN 113058984 A CN113058984 A CN 113058984A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of heavy metal pollution farmland restoration. The application provides a phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland. The method comprises the steps of firstly applying a passivating agent to heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland soil to reduce the bioavailability, migration and transformation capacity and ecological toxicity of heavy metal elements in the soil, then planting the herbaceous fiber crops with heavy metal tolerance into the passivated soil for cultivation, stabilizing the heavy metals in the soil, improving the remediation effect, and avoiding further harm caused by diffusion of the heavy metals to the surrounding environment. The phytoremediation method solves the problem of ecological risks of farmland land polluted by severe cadmium and lead at the present stage based on a plant stabilization technology, retains the underground parts of perennial herbaceous fiber crops in the soil polluted by severe heavy metals, can continuously play a role in stabilizing the heavy metals in the soil, can continuously perform remediation, and generates economic benefits while remedying the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of heavy metal polluted farmland restoration, and particularly relates to a phytoremediation method for a severe cadmium-lead polluted farmland.
Background
With the rapid development of urbanization, industry and agriculture and the continuous expansion of human activity space in recent years, the heavy metal pollution of farmlands in China is increasingly intensified. According to the survey bulletin of national soil pollution conditions in 2014, the exceeding rate of the soil point position of the cultivated land is 19.4%, wherein the proportion of the heavily polluted point position is 1.1%, and the problem of farmland pollution is not negligible.
Lead and cadmium can cause damage and threat to crops and human health. Lead and cadmium in soil enter plant cells, a series of physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, nucleic acid metabolism and division of root system cells of the plants are influenced, and the plants show the phenomena of withered and yellow leaves, short and small plants, reduced yield, poor quality and the like. Lead enters human body through respiration and diet, and can affect the functional operation of each system of the human body after being accumulated in each organ of the human body, thereby causing a series of symptoms such as anemia, inappetence, intelligence decline, memory decline and the like. Cadmium is biologically amplified through a food chain, so that not only can kidney be damaged, but also calcium metabolism in a human body can be blocked, and thus pathological changes of bones of the human body can be caused; cadmium is a class I carcinogen, and can cause lung cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer and the like.
Compared with the traditional chemical remediation and physical remediation technologies, the phytoremediation technology has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, large-scale application, capability of generating economic benefit, safety, reliability, lasting treatment effect and the like, and is a better selection scheme for applying the phytoremediation technology to farmland heavy metal pollution remediation from the aspects of economy, remediation effect and long-term influence.
At present, the phytoremediation technology focuses on the farmland with light and medium heavy metal pollution, namely, the plant isolation technology is adopted to safely utilize the farmland or the plant enrichment technology is adopted to remove the heavy metal in the soil. However, researches on phytoremediation of heavily heavy metal contaminated farmlands are lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides a phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland, which can effectively reduce the mobility and effectiveness of heavy metals in soil and prevent further damage caused by diffusion to the surrounding environment.
The specific technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the application provides a phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland, which comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly applying a passivating agent in the soil of the heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland, and then planting herbaceous fiber crops in the soil;
s2: regularly applying organic fertilizer, regulating and controlling soil moisture, harvesting the overground part of the herbaceous fiber crop in time, and reserving the underground part.
In the application, the passivator is applied to the heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland soil firstly, so that the biological effectiveness, the migration transformation capacity and the ecological toxicity of heavy metal elements in the soil are reduced, and then the herbaceous fiber crops with heavy metal tolerance are planted in the passivated soil for cultivation, so that the heavy metals in the soil are stabilized, the repair effect is improved, and further harm caused by the diffusion of the heavy metals to the surrounding environment is avoided. The phytoremediation method solves the problem of ecological risks of farmland land polluted by severe cadmium and lead at the present stage based on a plant stabilization technology, retains the underground parts of perennial herbaceous fiber crops in the soil polluted by severe heavy metals, can continuously play a role in stabilizing the heavy metals in the soil, can continuously perform remediation, and generates economic benefits while remedying the soil.
Preferably, the passivating agent is selected from coconut shell biochar and/or calcium carbonate powder.
In this application, coconut husk biochar derives from the pyrolysis process of living beings, has abundant surface functional group and pore structure, can reduce the validity of heavy metal in the soil through multiple effects such as cation exchange, complexation, precipitation, electron absorption, reaches the effect of stabilizing heavy metal, also realizes the high-efficient utilization to the agricultural discarded biomass energy. The calcium carbonate powder can improve the pH value of soil, increase surface charge and promote the adsorption of heavy metals; in addition, the heavy metal in the soil reacts with carbonate to generate carbonate precipitate, so that the repairing effect is improved; in addition, the source is wide and the price is low.
Preferably, the passivating agent is a mixture of coconut shell biochar and calcium carbonate powder.
Preferably, the application rate of the coconut shell biochar is 0.3% -0.5%, and the application rate of the calcium carbonate powder is 0.2% -0.4%.
In the application, the coconut shell biochar and the calcium carbonate powder are mixed and applied according to a certain proportion, so that the pH value of soil can be obviously improved, heavy metals are promoted to be converted into precipitates, a better heavy metal stabilizing effect is exerted, and the biological effectiveness of heavy metal elements is weakened; can improve the stability and the long-term property of the fixed heavy metal and improve the treatment effect of the heavy metal pollution of the improved soil. More importantly, the combined application of the organic-inorganic passivator can improve the soil fertility, improve the number and activity of soil microorganisms, improve the physicochemical property and biological property of soil, enhance the photosynthesis of herbaceous fiber crops, promote the growth of herbaceous fiber crops, improve the efficiency of absorbing heavy metals and finally improve the remediation effect. In addition, the mixed application of the coconut shell biochar and the calcium carbonate powder can improve the defects of a single passivator during application, such as the series of problems of incapability of harmonious improvement of the physicochemical properties of soil, causing excess or shortage of certain nutrient elements, possibly causing unevenness of soil fertility and the like.
The application rate is the mass ratio of the passivator to the soil of a 20cm plough layer, wherein the volume weight of the soil is 1-1.3 g/cm3。
Preferably, the herbaceous fibre crop is selected from kenaf or ramie. More preferably ramie.
In the application, the kenaf or ramie is selected as the phytoremediation method, so that the phytoremediation method has the characteristics of strong survival capability, short growth period, high growth speed, strong tolerance to various heavy metals, no need of complicated management and the like, is high in operability and ecological safety, and does not cause secondary pollution. In addition, the hemp crops are excellent textile raw materials and have better economic value.
It should be noted that, in order to further improve the phytoremediation efficiency, kenaf can be selected to be sown again in the spring of the second year; the ramie is a perennial herbaceous plant, the root grows by vegetative propagation, and the root transplantation and planting are not needed again.
Preferably, the kenaf is planted by sowing, and the sowing distance is 30-40 cm.
Preferably, the ramie is planted by transplanting ramie roots with buds, and the density of the transplantation is 4-5 stumps/m2。
Preferably, the thickness of the passivator applied in the S1 from the surface layer of the heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland soil is 0-20 cm.
Preferably, the raw materials of the organic fertilizer in S2 comprise mushroom residue, peanut bran and bone meal, and the regular period is the strong-age ramie period and the old-age ramie period of the herbaceous fiber crops.
According to the application, organic fertilizers are regularly applied to the herbaceous fiber crops in the strong ramie stage and the old ramie stage, so that the high yield, the stable yield and the balanced yield increase of the herbaceous fiber crops can be ensured, and the crops in the aging stage can be timely updated and rejuvenated. Meanwhile, after planting, attention is paid to regulating and controlling water, and watering is carried out in the evening or in the cloudy day, so that the survival, growth and development of the hemp crops can be promoted to the maximum extent, and the effect of repairing the polluted soil is improved.
Preferably, the above-ground portion of the herbaceous fiber crop is harvested at a time in S2 every half year from planting.
In summary, the application provides a phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland. The method comprises the steps of firstly applying a passivating agent to heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland soil to reduce the bioavailability, migration and transformation capacity and ecological toxicity of heavy metal elements in the soil, then planting the herbaceous fiber crops with heavy metal tolerance into the passivated soil for cultivation, stabilizing the heavy metals in the soil, improving the remediation effect, and avoiding further harm caused by diffusion of the heavy metals to the surrounding environment. The phytoremediation method is based on the plant stabilization technology, the problem of ecological risks of farmland land polluted by severe cadmium and lead at the present stage is solved, the underground part of the herbaceous fiber crop is reserved in the soil polluted by severe heavy metal, the effect of stabilizing the heavy metal in the soil can be continuously achieved, the phytoremediation method can be used for continuously performing remediation, and economic benefits are generated while the soil is remediated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Reagents, methods and equipment used in the examples of the present application are conventional in the art and, unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the examples of the present application are commercially available.
Examples 1 to 4
Selecting the polluted soil: the test adopts a field experiment, the test land is a village severe cadmium-lead polluted farmland with the Zhenshi of Xingchun county, Guangxi Guilin Yangxiao, the average cadmium and lead pollution contents of the farmland soil are respectively 2mg/kg and 600mg/kg, and the proportions of cadmium and lead exceeding the soil pollution risk screening values (0.3mg/kg and 70-80mg/kg) of the farmland soil in GB 15618 and 2018 soil environment quality Standard are respectively 71.6% and 59.6%. Most of the surface soil has acidic or weakly acidic pH value.
The phytoremediation method for the heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland comprises the following steps:
(1) and uniformly applying the passivator to the contaminated soil 20cm away from the surface layer, ploughing and digging to fully mix the passivator and the soil. Wherein, the passivators of the examples 1 and 3 adopt 0.5 percent of coconut shell biochar, and the passivators of the examples 2 and 4 adopt 0.5 percent of coconut shell biochar mixed with 0.4 percent of calcium carbonate powder;
(2) in spring, herbaceous fiber crops are planted in soil. Wherein, the ramie seeds are selected in the examples 1 and 2, the seeding distance is 30cm, the ramie roots with sprouts are selected in the examples 3 and 4, the planting density is 5 roots/m2；
(3) According to the growth condition of the plants, regularly applying organic fertilizers with mushroom residues, peanut bran and bone meal as raw materials, regularly regulating and managing field moisture, removing weeds, harvesting overground parts of the plants after half a year, taking the overground parts as raw materials of textile industry, and reserving the underground parts;
(4) if the kenaf is selected, sowing again in the spring of the second year; if ramie is selected, the root is subjected to asexual propagation without root transplantation.
The cadmium and lead content in the polluted soil is respectively measured before, half a year and half a year after restoration, wherein the control group 1 is only planted with kenaf and is not added with any passivator, and the control group 2 is only planted with ramie and is not added with any passivator. The influence and the reduction rate of the plant repairing method of the embodiment 1-4 on the reduction effect of the soil cadmium effectiveness are shown in the following table 1, and the influence and the reduction rate of the plant repairing method of the embodiment 1-4 on the reduction effect of the soil lead effectiveness are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 1 Effect of phytoremediation methods of examples 1 to 4 of the present application on reduction of soil cadmium effectiveness and reduction rates
TABLE 2 influence and reduction rate of the plant restoration method of the embodiments 1 to 4 of the present application on the effectiveness of lead reduction in soil
Tables 1 and 2 show that the content of effective cadmium and lead in soil can be reduced to a certain extent by adopting the passivator and the plant repairing method of the herbaceous fiber crops compared with control groups 1-2 which adopt corresponding herbaceous fiber crops independently. In addition, the repairing effect of the mixed application of the coconut shell biochar and the calcium carbonate powder is better than that of the single application of the passivating agent, and the repairing efficiency of the repairing time of one year and a half is more outstanding. The mixed application of the coconut shell biochar and the calcium carbonate powder is proved to be capable of coordinating and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improving the soil fertility, thereby promoting the growth of crops and obviously reducing the content of the effective state of the heavy metal.
The experimental results show that the phytoremediation method for the farmland heavily polluted by cadmium and lead is a remediation mode which does not destroy the soil environment quality, solves the problem of ecological risk of the farmland land heavily polluted by cadmium and lead at the present stage, and generates economic benefits while remedying the soil.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: uniformly applying a passivating agent in the soil of the heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland, and then planting herbaceous fiber crops in the soil;
s2: regularly applying organic fertilizer, regulating and controlling soil moisture, harvesting the overground part of the herbaceous fiber crop in time, and reserving the underground part.
2. The phytoremediation method of claim 1 wherein the deactivation agent is selected from coconut shell biochar and/or calcium carbonate powder.
3. The phytoremediation method of claim 2 wherein the deactivation agent is a mixture of coconut shell biochar and calcium carbonate powder.
4. The phytoremediation method of claim 3 wherein the rate of application of the coconut shell biochar is 0.3% to 0.5% and the rate of application of the calcium carbonate powder is 0.2% to 0.4%.
5. The phytoremediation method of claim 1 wherein the herbaceous fiber crop is selected from kenaf or ramie.
6. The phytoremediation method of claim 5 wherein the kenaf is planted in a row, the row spacing being 30-40 cm.
7. The phytoremediation method of claim 5 wherein said ramie is a young, rooted ramie graft grown at a density of 4 to 5 stumps/m2。
8. The phytoremediation method of claim 1, wherein the applied passivating agent in S1 is 0-20 cm thick from the surface layer of the heavily cadmium-lead contaminated farmland soil.
9. The phytoremediation method of claim 1, wherein said organic fertilizer raw materials of S2 include mushroom dregs, peanut bran and bone meal, and said regular periods are the strong and old hemp periods of said herbaceous fiber crops.
10. The phytoremediation method of claim 1 wherein the timely harvesting of the aerial portion of the herbaceous fiber crop in S2 is once every half year from planting.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114309051A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 贵州大学 | Method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil |
| CN115446105A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-12-09 | 广西德润土地整理有限公司 | Soil comprehensive treatment method |
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