CN111543263A - Biological improvement method for moderate and mild saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia - Google Patents
Biological improvement method for moderate and mild saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111543263A CN111543263A CN202010386197.2A CN202010386197A CN111543263A CN 111543263 A CN111543263 A CN 111543263A CN 202010386197 A CN202010386197 A CN 202010386197A CN 111543263 A CN111543263 A CN 111543263A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- saline
- improvement
- biological
- oat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a biological improvement method for mild and moderate saline-alkali soil in inner Mongolia, relating to the technical field of soil improvement; by taking biological measures as cut-in and combining the characteristics of inner Mongolia saline-alkali soil, comprehensively considering crop planting, soil fertility improvement, soil improvement and ecological restoration, the improvement method mainly based on oat planting and matched with application of decomposed straw and biological bacterial manure is provided. In the method, the oats play an important role in adjusting the structure of the inner Mongolia planting industry, restoring the ecological environment and promoting the income increase of farmers, and the realization of the high-quality and high-efficiency planting of the large-area oats in the saline-alkali soil has important significance in the development of the inner Mongolia farming and animal husbandry; the biological bacterial fertilizer is applied in a matching way on the basis of applying the decomposed straw, so that the problem of insufficient nutrients in saline-alkali soil is solved, sufficient nutrition is provided for the growth of microorganisms in the biological bacterial fertilizer, and the growth of crops is facilitated; the straw utilization rate can be improved by matching application, and the problems of soil hardening and hardening caused by independent application of the straw and slow decomposition in a short period are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a biological improvement method for a medium-light saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia.
Background
The salinization of soil is a worldwide problem, the saline-alkali soil and secondary saline-alkali soil seriously threaten grain safety and ecological environment, restrict the agricultural development of China and bring serious challenge to the ecological environment, and according to the second general survey of the national soil, the total area of the salinized soil of China is about 3665.8 ten thousand hm2And accounts for about 4 percent of the saline soil in the world. The salinization area in the cultivated land reaches 920.9 kilohm2The saline-alkali soil for improving the grain safety of the inner Mongolia autonomous region accounts for 7% of the cultivated land area of the whole country, wherein the saline-alkali soil for the inner Mongolia autonomous region accounts for 24% of the cultivated land area, and the saline-alkali soil for improving the grain safety of the inner Mongolia autonomous region has great influence on farming and animal husbandry economy, so that the grain safety of the inner Mongolia autonomous region faces huge challenges and risks, and the research and development of the.
The saline-alkali soil improvement technology adopted in China at present mainly comprises 4 types, namely engineering improvement, agricultural improvement, chemical improvement and biological improvement. The engineering improvement is a measure for improving by irrigating fresh water to a plough layer, which has wider applicability and obvious improvement effect but higher improvement cost, and mainly prevents deep soil and underground water from interfering with a soil plough layer by constructing a salt-removing concealed conduit on the soil plough layer; agricultural improvement is an early improvement technology recorded in China, records of green manure crop rotation alkali change are available in 'the Chinese bibliographic art', measures such as soil deep ploughing and fine harrowing, fresh water irrigation, straw returning and the like are adopted in the current improvement of saline and alkaline land in China, the measures are wide in applicability and simple to operate, but the action period is short, and the effect on planting crops in the current period is good; chemical improvement measures are mainly used for the severe saline-alkali soil, and the soil is chemically acted by applying exogenous substances into the soil, so that the soil structure is improved, and currently, widely used chemical improvement measures comprise desulfurized gypsum, organic fertilizer and the like; the biological improvement measure is to plant plants in the saline-alkali soil or add biological agents into the soil, so as to utilize metabolism and growth activities of microorganisms, absorb, convert or transfer salt in the soil and improve the soil quality, and generally comprises two measures of plant restoration and microorganism restoration, and the measure is a hotspot of research in the saline-alkali soil improvement at present.
The prior art for improving inner Mongolia saline-alkali soil mainly comprises the steps of building saline-alkali soil improvement engineering, planting salt-tolerant plants (medlar, reed, rape, oat and the like), applying exogenous substances (straws, soil conditioners, desulfurized gypsum, humic acid fertilizers, biological bacterial fertilizers and the like), and solving the problems that the engineering improvement cost is high and a certain limitation exists for large-area application; the salt-tolerant plant is affected by different environments, so that the survival rate of part of the planted plants is low. Therefore, how to integrate various factors according to local conditions and provide a more suitable method for improving medium and light saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia is urgently needed in the current situation of the saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a biological improvement method for a medium-light saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia, which combines the characteristics of the saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia, comprehensively considers planted crops, soil fertility improvement, soil improvement, ecological restoration and the like, provides a good growth environment for improving the nutrient deficiency of the saline-alkali soil and the growth of microorganisms, and promotes the healthy growth of the crops in the area; meanwhile, the biological bacterial manure is applied in combination, so that the straw degradation is facilitated, and the utilization rate of the straw is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a biological improvement method for mild and medium saline-alkali soil in inner Mongolia, which comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly spreading decomposed corn straws on medium-light saline-alkali soil 20-30 days before oat seeding, and carrying out rotary tillage and raking;
(2) sowing oat in 25 days of 4 months to 25 days of 5 months in the solar calendar of each year, applying seed manure and biological bacterial manure along with seeds during sowing, and performing field management after sowing; the seed fertilizer comprises diammonium phosphate;
(3) and harvesting when the kernel at the lower part of the ear of the oat enters the terminal stage of waxiness.
Preferably, the spreading amount of the decomposed corn stalks in the step (1) is 9000kg/hm2。
Preferably, the rotary tillage depth in the step (1) is 25-30 cm.
Preferably, the seeding rate of the oats obtained in the step (2) is 180kg/hm2。
Preferably, when the oats are sowed, the row spacing is 20-30 cm, and the sowing depth is 3-7 cm.
Preferably, the application amount of the seed fertilizer in the step (2) is 150kg/hm2The application amount of the biological bacterial fertilizer is 750-2250 kg/hm2。
Preferably, said field management of step (2) comprises irrigation, cultivation and weeding.
Preferably, the irrigation comprises irrigation at the tillering stage, the jointing stage and the heading stage.
Preferably, the weeding comprises controlling broadleaf weeds in the 3-4 leaf stage of the oats.
Preferably, 400g/L of dibromobenzonitrile missible oil 100mL/667m is used each time when the broad-leaved weeds are controlled2Adding water and spraying.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a biological improvement method for mild and moderate saline-alkali soil in inner Mongolia, which takes biological measures as cut-in and combines the characteristics of the saline-alkali soil in inner Mongolia, comprehensively considers planted crops, soil fertility improvement, soil improvement, ecological restoration and the like, and provides an improvement method which mainly adopts oat planting and is matched with straw returning and biological bacterial manure. The method exerts regional advantages, adopts oat for planting, uses the oat as a crop for both grain and feed, has the characteristics of cold resistance, barren resistance, salt and alkali resistance and the like, can better adapt to saline-alkali soil, has a long planting history in inner Mongolia simultaneously, plays an important role in the agricultural development of the inner Mongolia, has important roles in adjusting the structure of the inner Mongolia planting industry, restoring the ecological environment and promoting the income increase of farmers, and realizes the high-quality and high-efficiency planting of the large-area oat in the saline-alkali soil, thereby having important significance in the development of the inner Mongolia farming and animal husbandry; and secondly, the straw returning is matched on the basis of applying the biological bacterial fertilizer, so that sufficient nutrition is provided for the growth of microorganisms, the problems that the nutrient of the saline-alkali soil is insufficient and the microorganisms cannot grow well after the biological bacterial fertilizer is applied are solved, the utilization rate of the straw is improved, and the problems that the soil is hardened and the decomposition is slow in a short period due to the application of the straw are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the influence of different application amounts of biological bacterial manure on the content of organic matters in saline-alkali soil;
FIG. 2 shows the effect of different improvement treatments on the pH of 2016 + 2018 saline-alkali soil;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different improvement treatments on the organic matter content of 2016-2018 soil;
FIG. 4 shows the effect of different improvement treatments on the content of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen in 2016-2018 soil;
FIG. 5 shows the effect of different improvement treatments on the content of 2016-2018 quick-acting potassium in soil;
FIG. 6 shows the effect of different improvement treatments on the content of 2016-2018 quick-acting phosphorus in soil;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on total root length of oats at various periods;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on oat root volume at each time period;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on individual oat dry weight at each stage.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a biological improvement method for mild and medium saline-alkali soil in inner Mongolia, which comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly spreading decomposed corn straws on medium-light saline-alkali soil 20-30 days before oat seeding, and carrying out rotary tillage and raking;
(2) sowing oat in 25 days of 4 months to 25 days of 5 months in the solar calendar of each year, applying seed manure and biological bacterial manure along with seeds during sowing, and performing field management after sowing; the seed fertilizer comprises diammonium phosphate;
(3) and harvesting when the kernel at the lower part of the ear of the oat enters the terminal stage of waxiness.
The method uniformly spreads the decomposed corn straws on the medium-light saline-alkali soil 20-30 days before the oat is sown, and carries out rotary tillage and raking. The spreading amount of the corn straws is 9000kg/hm2. The invention carries out rotary tillage and raking after the decomposed corn straws are spread. The preparation method and the source of the decomposed corn stalks are not particularly limited, and the preparation method preferably comprises the following steps: the pH value is 6-7, the conductivity is 2.5-3 us/cm, the organic matter content is 530-580 g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 12-16 g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.15-0.25 g/kg, the total potassium content is 7.5-8.5 g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 300-400 mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 150-200 mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 300-380 mg/kg. The parameters of the decomposed corn stover used in the embodiments of the present invention preferably include: the pH value is 6.58, the conductivity is 2.95us/cm, the organic matter content is 552.48g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 14.06g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.18g/kg, the total potassium content is 7.99g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 362.06mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 169.70mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 345.39 mg/kg. The rotary tillage depth is preferably 25-30 cm, and harrowing is performed in time after rotary tillage to eliminate large soil and achieve fine crushing and leveling of the soil. The rotary tillage of the invention is preferably mechanical rotary tillage.
In the invention, oats are sown in 25 days of 4 months to 25 days of 5 months in the solar calendar of each year, seed fertilizers and biological bacterial fertilizers are applied along with the seeds during sowing, and field management is carried out after sowing; the seed fertilizer comprises diammonium phosphate. The variety of the oat of the invention preferably comprises a salt-tolerant variety, more preferably white swallow No. 2, and the seeding rate of the oat is preferably 180kg/hm2. In the invention, when the oats are sowed, mechanical drilling is preferably utilized, the row spacing is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 25cm, the sowing depth is preferably 3-7 cm, more preferably 5-7 cm under the common condition, and if the ground surface is covered by more objects, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm. The application amount of the seed fertilizer is preferably 150kg/hm2The application amount of the biological bacterial fertilizer is preferably 750-2250 kg/hm2More preferably 1500kg/hm2. The source and the type of the biological bacterial manure are not particularly limited, and the following conditions can be preferably met: biological bacteriaThe pH value of the fertilizer is 6-8, the conductivity is 100-150 us/cm, the organic matter content is 350-400 g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 60-100 g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.1-0.2/kg, the total potassium content is 8-10 g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 500-550 mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 150-170 mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 200-250 mg/kg, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 × 108The biological bacterial fertilizer applied in the embodiment of the invention is selected from Nemon Fufeng Biotechnology Limited, and the specific parameters preferably comprise pH of 6.85, conductivity of 125.93us/cm, organic matter content of 372.60g/kg, total nitrogen content of 84.67g/kg, total phosphorus content of 0.16g/kg, total potassium content of 9.33g/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of 532.42, quick-acting phosphorus content of 166.52mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content of 222.79mg/kg, and effective viable count of more than or equal to 2 × 108Per gram. The invention combines the decomposed straw with the biological bacterial manure, which is beneficial to the degradation of the straw, thereby improving the utilization rate of the straw.
The field management according to the present invention preferably includes irrigation, intertillage and weeding. The irrigation preferably comprises irrigation at a tillering stage, a jointing stage and a heading stage, the irrigation is preferably carried out at the above 3 stages (the mass water content of the soil is lower than 10%) according to rainfall and soil moisture conditions during the irrigation, and the irrigation amount is preferably 300-500 m per time if the irrigation is carried out3/hm2. Before sowing, if the soil is dry, preferably irrigating, the soil is wet by 0-20cm, and if the soil is hardened after irrigation for 3-5 days, the hardening needs to be broken by gentle raking to facilitate seedling emergence. The intertillage can weed, and can avoid soil hardening and salt accumulation on the ground surface. In the present invention, the cultivation is preferably carried out in combination with irrigation or rainfall.
The weeding of the invention preferably comprises the step of preventing and removing broadleaf weeds from the 3-leaf stage to the 4-leaf stage of the oats, and the broadleaf weeds are preferably controlled by 100mL/667m of 400g/L dibromobenzonitrile missible oil each time2Adding water and spraying. The invention preferably carries out secondary prevention before the jointing of the oat. When the medicine is sprayed, the spraying is preferably carried out in windless or breezy days, 8-10 am and 5 pm.
In the invention, the seeds at the lower part of the ear of the oat are harvested when entering the terminal stage of waxiness. The harvesting is preferably mechanical harvesting, stubble is left for 25-30 cm during harvesting, and soil moisture evaporation and saline-alkali inhibition can be reduced in the spring of the next year.
The method for improving the biology of the medium-mild saline-alkali soil in inner Mongolia provided by the invention is described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the method is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The field test is carried out for 2 years continuously, and the test positions are 111 degrees 22 '30 degrees of east longitude, 40 degrees 41' 30 degrees of north latitude, and 1015m above sea level of native terra plain at south of Daqingshan of inner Mongolia. The annual average rainfall is 350-400 mm, wherein the rainfall in summer accounts for more than 60%, the evaporation capacity is 1851.7mm on average, and the evaporation capacity is greater than the rainfall and is about 5 times of the rainfall. The soil of the test field is clay mainly containing sodium sulfate and sodium chloride, belongs to moderate saline-alkali soil, and has moderate soil fertility. The soil fertility status of the test soil is shown in table 1.4 treatments are set in the test, namely no biological bacterial manure (CK) is applied and 750 kg.hm of biological bacterial manure is applied-2(W1), and the biological bacterial manure is applied at 1500kg/hm2(W2) and 2250kg/hm of biological bacterial fertilizer2(W3). The amount of the oat seeds is 180kg hm-2150kg hm of diammonium phosphate is applied to the base fertilizer-2The base fertilizer and the biological bacterial fertilizer are applied along with seeding, mechanical seeding is adopted for planting, and the row spacing is 25 cm. Other field management measures such as weeding and irrigation are carried out according to the oat cultivation mode in saline-alkali soil (see DB15T 890-.
TABLE 1 soil nutrient Condition of test fields
1. Influence of different application amounts of biological bacterial fertilizer on pH value of saline-alkali soil and total salt content of soil
As can be seen from Table 2, after the biological bacterial manure is applied, the pH value of the soil and the total salt content of the soil are reduced compared with the control, wherein W1, W2 and W3 are consistent among soil layers, and compared with CK, the pH value and the total salt content of W2 soil are reduced by 6.77% and 6.95% in a soil layer of 0-10 cm, 6.81% and 7.02% in a soil layer of 10-20cm, and 7.48% and 5.95% in a soil layer of 20-40 cm.
TABLE 2 influence of different application amounts of biological bacterial fertilizer on pH value and total salt content of soil
2. Influence of different application amounts of biological bacterial fertilizer on saline-alkali soil organic matter content
As shown in the figure 1, after the biological bacterial fertilizer is applied, compared with the biological bacterial fertilizer which is not applied, the nutrient condition of the saline-alkali soil can be improved by different using amounts, the organic matter content of soil in soil layers of 0-40cm is increased, wherein W1, W2 and W3 are consistent among the soil layers and are respectively expressed as W2, W3 and W1, and compared with CK, the organic matter content of the soil in W2 is respectively increased by 26.27%, 28.86% and 29.62% in the soil layers of 0-10 cm, 10-20cm and 20-40 cm.
3. Influence of different application amounts of biological bacterial manure on dry farming oat grain yield and forage grass yield
As can be seen from table 3, after the biological bacterial manure is applied, the oat seed yield, the fresh grass yield and the hay yield are improved compared with the non-applied biological bacterial manure, wherein the applied bacterial manure treatment shows that W3> W2> W1, but the difference between W3 and W2 is not significant. Compared with CK, the yield of W3 seed, the yield of fresh grass and the yield of hay are respectively improved by 60.68%, 59.37% and 65.01%; w2 is increased by 53.31%, 59.19% and 64.57% respectively
TABLE 3 influence of different application amounts of biological bacterial manure on oat grain yield and forage grass yield
Comprehensively analyzes the effects of different application amounts of the biological bacterial manure, has comprehensive effects on improving soil and increasing yield by using W2, and shows that 1500 kg.hm is applied to mild saline-alkali soil in inner Mongolia areas-2The biological bacterial fertilizer has better effect.
Example 2
The field test is carried out for 3 years continuously, and the test position is 111 degrees 22 '30' at east longitude, and northLatitude 40 degrees 41 '30', elevation 1015m in native terra plain of southern side of Daqingshan of inner Mongolia. The annual average rainfall is 350-400 mm, wherein the rainfall in summer accounts for more than 60%, the evaporation capacity is 1851.7mm on average, and the evaporation capacity is greater than the rainfall and is about 5 times of the rainfall. The soil of the test field is clay mainly containing sodium sulfate and sodium chloride, belongs to moderate saline-alkali soil, and has moderate soil fertility. The experiment sets 4 treatments including Control (CK), biological bacterial manure (F), straw (R), bacterial manure and straw (RF), and adopts random block design, with the cell area of 40m2(8m × 5m) the amount of oat seeds is 180kg hm-2150kg hm of diammonium phosphate is applied to the base fertilizer-2The application amount of the biological bacterial fertilizer is 1500kg hm-2The base fertilizer and the biological bacterial fertilizer are applied along with seeding, mechanical seeding is adopted for planting, and the row spacing is 25 cm. Decomposing corn stalks 25 days before sowing according to 9000 kg.hm-2Uniformly spreading on the ground surface, and carrying out rotary tillage treatment by using a rotary cultivator. The other field management measures such as weeding and watering are the same as the embodiment 1 with reference to the saline-alkali soil oat cultivation mode.
1. Effect of different treatments on saline-alkali soil pH
As shown in FIG. 2, after the improvement for 3 years, the soil pH of each soil layer in 2016-2018 is obviously reduced compared with that before the improvement. In 2016, improvement is carried out in the first year, and the pH values of the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF are respectively reduced by 1.77-4.29 percent at 0-5cm, 0.55-3.83 percent at 5-10cm, minus 1.04-3.48 percent at 10-20cm and minus 0.17-5.09 percent at 20-40cm compared with the pH value of the soil before sowing. In 2017, the pH value of the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF is reduced by-1.67-1.39% at 0-5cm, by-3.85-0.33% at 5-10cm, by-1.76-2.89% at 10-20cm and by 1.24-4.29% at 20-40cm respectively compared with the pH value of the soil before sowing. And in the third year of improvement in 2018, the pH values of the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF are respectively reduced by-2.09% -1.43% at 0-5cm, by-1.33% -0.76% at 5-10cm, by-1.81% -1.38% at 10-20cm, by-0.09% -2.83% at 20-40cm, compared with the pH value of the soil before sowing, and the pH value of the soil treated by rotten straws is obviously reduced. Through three-year improvement tests, the pH value of soil in each soil layer is lower than 9.0, and the pH value of the decomposed straw combined with biological bacterial manure is lower than 8.0.
2. Influence of different treatments on organic matter content of saline-alkali soil
As shown in FIG. 3, after the improvement for 3 years, except for the control, the organic matter content of soil in soil layers of 0-20cm and 20-40cm is remarkably increased in each treatment in 2018 before the improvement for 2016. After the harvest in 2018, the organic matter content of F, R and RF treated soil is respectively increased by 25.49%, 37.81% and 37.07% compared with CK at 0-20cm, and is increased by 67.72%, 61.02% and 96.92% at 20-40 cm. Therefore, the biological bacterial manure and the decomposed straw have the effect of better improving the content of organic matters in the saline-alkali soil.
3. Effect of different modification treatments on the effective Nitrogen content of the soil
As shown in FIG. 4, after the improvement for 3 years, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in soil of each soil layer in 2016-2018 is obviously increased compared with that before the improvement. In 2016, improvement is carried out in the first year, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF is respectively increased by 4.49-46.33 percent in comparison with the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the soil before sowing in the range of 0-5cm, 21.74-29.23 percent in the range of 5-10cm, 3.67-27.72 percent in the range of 10-20cm and 50.11-83.08 percent in the range of 20-40 cm. And in the improvement of 2017, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF is respectively increased by 7.72-89.64 percent when the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil is 0-5cm, 2.29-32.84 percent when the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil is 5-10cm, -14.29-18.86 percent when the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil is 10-20cm and 20.56-61.97 percent when the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil is 20-40 cm. And in the third year of improvement in 2018, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF is increased by-4.24-160.87% in comparison with the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the soil before sowing in the range of 0-5cm, 23.12-148.75% in the range of 5-10cm, -5.63-100.79% in the range of 10-20cm and 36.71-145.57% in the range of 20-40 cm.
In 2016, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of F, R, RF soil after respective improvement treatment is 46.54%, 78.85% and 102.93% higher than that of CK treatment in 0-5cm, 44.81%, 58.09% and 114.76% higher than that of CK treatment in 5-10cm, 88.63%, 52.71% and 99.01% higher than that of CK treatment in 10-20cm, and 21.32%, 43.49% and 58.30% higher than that of CK treatment in 20-40 cm. In 2017, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of F, R, RF soil after each improvement treatment is respectively 22.98%, 26.21% and 62.68% higher than that of CK treatment by 0-5cm, 34.82%, 28.53% and 29.05% higher by 5-10cm, 22.28%, 8.88% and 45.96% higher by 10-20cm, and-0.08%, 20.29% and 33.06% higher by 20-40 cm. In 2018, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of F, R, RF soil after improving treatment is respectively 0-5cm higher than that of CK treatment by-3.76%, 8.50% and 58.05%, 5-10cm higher than that of-5.53%, 97.99% and 93.27%, 10-20cm higher than that of-10.67%, 41.41%, 54.43% and 20-40cm higher than that of-0.97%, 19.50% and 33.06%.
After 3 years of synthesis, the saline-alkali soil can be better improved by adding the decomposed straw into the biological bacterial fertilizer, and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the saline-alkali soil is increased.
4. Influence of different improvement treatments on soil available potassium content
As shown in FIG. 5, after the improvement for 3 years, the quick-acting potassium content of soil in each soil layer in 2016-2018 is obviously increased compared with that before the improvement. In the first year of 2016 improvement, the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF is increased by-7.66% -96.97% in the range of 0-5cm, 14.23% -43.09% in the range of 5-10cm, -21.72% -0.13% in the range of 10-20cm and-15.50% -25.80% in the range of 20-40cm, respectively, compared with the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil before sowing. And in the improvement of 2017, the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF is increased by-15.61-84.05% in comparison with the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil before sowing in the range of 0-5cm, increased by-18.22-30.46% in the range of 5-10cm, increased by-41.92-29.99% in the range of 10-20cm and increased by-12.13-58.27% in the range of 20-40cm respectively. And in the third year of improvement in 2018, the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF is increased by 1.90-31.83 percent in comparison with the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil before sowing in the range of 0-5cm, increased by-0.59-36.08 percent in the range of 5-10cm, increased by-9.46-8.65 percent in the range of 10-20cm and increased by-4.20-9.93 percent in the range of 20-40cm respectively.
In 2016, the content of the quick-acting potassium in F, R, RF soil after each improvement treatment is respectively 0-5cm higher than that in CK treatment by-1.17%, 49.61% and 70.53%, 5-10cm higher than that in CK treatment by 10.01%, 29.24% and 56.00%, 10-20cm higher than that in CK treatment by 6.87%, 41.64% and 40.64%, and 20-40cm higher than that in CK treatment by 6.85%, 35.34% and 33.05%. In 2017, the quick-acting potassium content of F, R, RF soil after improving treatment is respectively 0-5cm higher by-11.70%, 73.89% and 79.46% than that of CK treatment, 5-10cm higher by-2.56%, 57.53% and 58.49% than that of CK treatment, 10-20cm higher by 3.62%, 79.36% and 100.85% than that of CK treatment, and 20-40cm higher by-33.72%, 2.02% and 11.53%. In 2018, the content of the quick-acting potassium in F, R, RF soil after improving treatment is respectively 14.89%, 88.50% and 120.35% higher than that of CK treatment at 0-5cm, 3.95%, 73.58% and 127.19% higher than that of CK treatment at 5-10cm, 5.27%, 56.49% and 93.92% higher than that of CK treatment at 10-20cm, 6.16%, 42.94% and 72.46% higher than that of CK treatment at 20-40cm
After 3 years of integration, the saline-alkali soil can be well improved by adding the decomposed straw into the biological bacterial fertilizer, and the quick-acting potassium content of the saline-alkali soil is increased.
5. Influence of different modifier treatments on quick-acting phosphorus in saline-alkali soil
As shown in FIG. 6, after improvement for 3 years, the content of available phosphorus in soil in each soil layer in 2016-2018 years is obviously increased compared with that before improvement. In 2016, improvement is carried out in the first year, the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF is increased by 161.86-417.55% in comparison with the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil before sowing in the range of 0-5cm, 10.50-203.16% in the range of 5-10cm, 48.46-69.03% in the range of 10-20cm and 25.59-80.20% in the range of 20-40cm respectively. And in the improvement of 2017, the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF is increased by-50.15 to 75.19 percent in comparison with the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil before sowing in the range of 0 to 5cm, increased by-16.77 to 62.18 percent in the range of 5 to 10cm, increased by-26.28 to 44.03 percent in the range of 10 to 20cm and increased by 36.38 to 99.09 percent in the range of 20 to 40cm respectively. And in the third year of improvement in 2018, the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil treated by CK, F, R and RF is increased by-35.49-6.02% in comparison with the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil before sowing in the range of 0-5cm, increased by-44.91-54.18% in the range of 5-10cm, reduced by 23.28-35.32% in the range of 10-20cm and reduced by 50.44-55.34% in the range of 20-40cm respectively.
In 2016, the quick-acting phosphorus content of F, R, RF soil after respective improvement treatment is respectively 50.15%, 2.01% and 16.40% higher than that of CK treatment by 0-5cm, 91.74%, 166.27% and 159.02% higher than that of CK treatment by 5-10cm, 41.11%, 63.39% and 75.18% higher than that of CK treatment by 10-20cm, and 43.23%, 63.32% and 92.14% higher than that of CK treatment by 20-40 cm. In 2017, the quick-acting phosphorus content of F, R, RF soil after each improvement treatment is respectively 8.79%, 73.55% and 64.58% higher than that of CK treatment at the height of 0-5cm, 41.57%, 52.38% and 80.40% higher than that of CK treatment at the height of 5-10cm, 4.08%, 56.24% and 49.59% higher than that of 10-20cm, 12.22%, 16.37% and 53.67% higher than that of CK treatment at the height of 20-40 cm. In 2018, compared with CK treatment, the quick-acting phosphorus content of F, R, RF soil after respective improvement treatment is 49.44%, 61.21% and 90.46% higher than that of 0-5cm in height, 39.51%, 51.75% and 164.16% higher than that of 5-10cm in height, 1.31% higher than that of 10-20cm in height, 8.72% higher than that of 21.37% higher than that of 20-40cm in height, 10.86% higher than that of 20-40cm in height and 25.50% higher than that of CK treatment.
After 3 years of synthesis, the saline-alkali soil can be better improved by adding the decomposed straw into the biological bacterial fertilizer, and the quick-acting phosphorus content of the saline-alkali soil is increased.
6. Effect of different treatments on oat growth in saline and alkaline land
(1) Effect of different treatments on oat root morphology
The total root length and the average diameter of each treated oat are advanced along with the growth period, the change trends are consistent and show the trend of gradually increasing and then decreasing, and the heading and filling periods reach the maximum values (figure 7). After application of the biological bacterial manure, the root length is significantly reduced (p <0.05) compared to other treatments, but the root diameter is significantly higher than each treatment. The application of the decomposed straw results in the obvious increase of the oat root length, which shows that the decomposed straw can improve the structure of soil and is beneficial to rolling down the oat root system, the diameter of the oat root in the jointing stage is obviously (p is less than 0.05) and is lower than that of other treatments, but the diameter difference of the oat root in different treatments is not obvious along with the growth of the oat, and the root length of the RF treatment (biological bacterial manure combined with the decomposed straw) is obviously (p is less than 0.05) and is higher than that of other treatments.
As oats grew and developed, both oat root volume and root surface area showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, peaking at heading and filling stages (fig. 8). The application of the biological bacterial manure gradually increases the root volume and the root surface area along with the growth of the oat, the biological bacterial manure is more remarkable in the jointing stage (p is less than 0.05) than other treatments, and the growth later stage and CK do not reach remarkable (p is more than 0.05) levels. The root volume and the root surface area of the fertilized straws are obviously increased (p is less than 0.05) during the vigorous growth period of the oats, wherein the RF treatment is most obvious (p is less than 0.05), which shows that the adaptability of the oats on saline-alkali soil can be obviously enhanced (p is less than 0.05) by combining the biological bacterial manure with the decomposed straws.
(2) Effect of different treatments on oat plant Dry matter
The weight average of the root and the overground part of each treated oat individual plant is gradually increased and then reduced along with the advancing of the breeding period, and the weight average of the root and the overground part of each treated oat individual plant reaches the maximum value in the heading period (figure 9). F. R, RF the dry weight of oat root and overground part can be increased by the treatment, the dry weight of the whole oat is treated better with F, RF, and is increased by 16.13%, 23.63%, 11.42% and 18.61% in heading stage compared with CK and R treatments respectively; during the mature period of the oat, the mature period is respectively improved by 9.72%, 23.93% and 4.73% and 18.30% compared with CK and R treatment.
(3) Influence of different treatments on yield of oats in saline-alkali soil
The application of biological bacterial manure and decomposed straw has significant influence on the yield of oat and its constituent factors (see table 4). The thousand kernel weight and the yield of the oat grains can be increased by applying the biological bacterial manure and the decomposed straws, and the yield of the oat grains in 2017 and 2018 is obviously higher than that of each treatment in 2016. The yield of oat grains treated by applying the biological bacterial manure is highest in 2016, the yield of decomposed straw oat grains applied by the bacterial manure in 2017 and 2018 is highest in combination, wherein the yield of the grains in F and RF treatment 2016, 2017 and 2018 is respectively improved by 79.32% and 69.74%, 56.30% and 59.72%, 20.84% and 43.23% compared with CK; hay production was significantly improved by 43.41% and 28.13%, 53.17% and 62.74%, 36.83% and 46.12% over CK treatment, respectively. The results in the third year of improvement (2018) show that the decomposed straw can obtain better oat grains and hay yields when being matched with bacterial manure. Therefore, in the improvement of the medium and light saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia, the oat is planted under the matching of the biological bacterial manure and the decomposed straw, so that the soil improvement effect is good, the nutrient content of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is reduced, the growth of the oat is promoted, and the yield can be obviously improved.
TABLE 4 Effect of different modification treatments on 2016 + 2018 oat yields
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A biological improvement method for mild and moderate saline-alkali soil in inner Mongolia is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) uniformly spreading the decomposed corn straws on medium-light saline-alkali soil 20-30 days before the oat is sowed, and carrying out rotary tillage and raking;
(2) sowing oat in 25 days of 4 months to 25 days of 5 months in the solar calendar of each year, applying seed manure and biological bacterial manure along with seeds during sowing, and performing field management after sowing; the seed fertilizer comprises diammonium phosphate;
(3) and harvesting when the kernel at the lower part of the ear of the oat enters the terminal stage of waxiness.
2. The biological improvement method according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the decomposed corn stalks in the step (1) is 9000kg/hm2。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the depth of said rotary tillage in step (1) is 25-30 cm.
4. The bio-improvement method according to claim 1, wherein the seeding rate of the oat seeds in step (2) is 180kg/hm2。
5. The biological improvement method according to claim 4, wherein the row spacing is 20-30 cm and the seeding depth is 3-7 cm when the oats are sown.
6. The biological improvement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed fertilizer applied in step (2) is 150kg/hm2The application amount of the biological bacterial fertilizer is 750-2250 kg/hm2。
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said field management of step (2) comprises irrigation, intertillage, and weeding.
8. The method of bioremediation according to claim 7, wherein the irrigation comprises irrigation at a tillering stage, an elongation stage, and a heading stage.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the weeding comprises controlling broadleaf weeds in the 3-4 leaf stage of the oats.
10. The biological improvement method according to claim 9, characterized in that 400g/L of dibromobenzonitrile emulsifiable concentrate of 100mL/667m is used for controlling the broad-leaved weeds each time2Adding water and spraying.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010386197.2A CN111543263A (en) | 2020-05-09 | 2020-05-09 | Biological improvement method for moderate and mild saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010386197.2A CN111543263A (en) | 2020-05-09 | 2020-05-09 | Biological improvement method for moderate and mild saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111543263A true CN111543263A (en) | 2020-08-18 |
Family
ID=71999821
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010386197.2A Pending CN111543263A (en) | 2020-05-09 | 2020-05-09 | Biological improvement method for moderate and mild saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111543263A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113170713A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-27 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Ridging and salt-inhibiting efficient cultivation method for medium-saline-alkali soil beet |
| NL2034717A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-06-08 | Institute Of Grassland Res Of Caas | High-yield cultivation method for oat forage |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100694828B1 (en) * | 2006-01-02 | 2007-03-13 | 주식회사 시내 & 들 | Method for planting halophytes into salt damaged area |
| CN102630458A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-08-15 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Method for planting oat by utilizing yellow river delta coast salinized soil |
| CN103583106A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-19 | 上海创博生态工程有限公司 | Method for biologically improving saline-alkali soil |
| CN108513755A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A method of improveing saline-alkali grassland using maize straw |
| CN108738457A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of synthesis improvement method suitable for inland pole arid area salt-soda soil |
| CN109392630A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-01 | 扬州大学 | A kind of Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method |
| CN109565993A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-05 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali soil improvement method |
-
2020
- 2020-05-09 CN CN202010386197.2A patent/CN111543263A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100694828B1 (en) * | 2006-01-02 | 2007-03-13 | 주식회사 시내 & 들 | Method for planting halophytes into salt damaged area |
| CN102630458A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-08-15 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Method for planting oat by utilizing yellow river delta coast salinized soil |
| CN103583106A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-19 | 上海创博生态工程有限公司 | Method for biologically improving saline-alkali soil |
| CN108513755A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A method of improveing saline-alkali grassland using maize straw |
| CN108738457A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of synthesis improvement method suitable for inland pole arid area salt-soda soil |
| CN109392630A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-01 | 扬州大学 | A kind of Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method |
| CN109565993A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-05 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali soil improvement method |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| 卢培娜等: "不同改良措施对盐碱地燕麦形态生理及产量的影响", 《中国农学通报》 * |
| 卢培娜等: "菌肥及腐熟秸秆还田对盐碱地燕麦土壤特性的影响", 《北方农业学报》 * |
| 武俊英等: "内蒙古地区不同耕作方式与播种深度燕麦耐盐碱性分析", 《干旱地区农业研究》 * |
| 王学峰等: "内蒙古盐碱地不同饲用燕麦品种生长及产量性状研究", 《种子》 * |
| 黄铖程等: "生物菌肥对盐碱地燕麦生理特性及土壤速效养分的影响", 《北方农业学报》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113170713A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-27 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Ridging and salt-inhibiting efficient cultivation method for medium-saline-alkali soil beet |
| NL2034717A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-06-08 | Institute Of Grassland Res Of Caas | High-yield cultivation method for oat forage |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105027940B (en) | A kind of Rocky Desertification Region herbage planting and establishing method and its application method | |
| CN106818174A (en) | A kind of organic implantation methods of crops of the two crops a year that crop makees altogether with green manure | |
| CN109565993A (en) | A kind of saline-alkali soil improvement method | |
| CN107306659B (en) | Yellow river delta severe chloride clay saline-alkali soil intercropping crop rotation planting mode | |
| CN110463537A (en) | A kind of wheat green high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method | |
| CN111316877B (en) | Cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method | |
| CN109717028A (en) | Crop rotation implantation methods between a kind of corn soybean returning total stalks into fields | |
| CN107135801A (en) | It is a kind of to prevent the implantation methods of Spring Peanut continuous cropping obstacle | |
| KR20100072623A (en) | A natural farming system | |
| CN110692306A (en) | Novel method for improving saline-alkali soil | |
| CN111543263A (en) | Biological improvement method for moderate and mild saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia | |
| CN114946306A (en) | Corn planting and cultivating method suitable for saline-alkali soil | |
| CN111011129A (en) | Method for realizing production-while-repair by using low-accumulation corn/Sedum plumbizincicola intercropping | |
| CN108739155B (en) | Density-reducing nitrogen-homogenizing waterlogging-resistant cultivation method for winter wheat | |
| CN109588222A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of rhizoma polygonati | |
| CN113243260A (en) | Cultivation method for mixed culture of purple perilla and konjak | |
| CN113058984A (en) | Phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland | |
| CN102090236A (en) | Technology for cultivating greenhouse celery in high yield | |
| CN112292959B (en) | Planting method for improving and utilizing moderate and light saline-alkali soil | |
| CN112655500B (en) | Cultivation method for improving continuous cropping obstacle resistance of peanuts | |
| CN107318451A (en) | Sorghum two is than empty many plants of planting culture methods | |
| CN114145199A (en) | Efficient sesbania-wheat crop rotation method for coastal saline-alkali soil | |
| CN113748943A (en) | Planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice | |
| CN106171109A (en) | Microbe soil improvement and environmental protection planting technology | |
| CN112703979A (en) | Continuous cropping-resistant cultivation method for kylin melons |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20200818 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |