CN112655500B - Cultivation method for improving continuous cropping obstacle resistance of peanuts - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving peanut continuous cropping obstacle resistance, which can effectively improve the peanut continuous cropping obstacle resistance capability by regulating and optimizing parameters of reducing soil disease, insect pest, weed and overwintering residues, applying leguminous green manure, changing soil allelochemicals, increasing soil active substances, applying special continuous cropping obstacle resistance organic matters, spraying leaf surface and relieving biological agents and the like in different periods, can realize continuous cropping for 7-10 years, can increase the peanut yield by 5-10%, can reduce field diseases by 50-80%, and is suitable for long-term use in presbyopia production areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving continuous cropping obstacle resistance of peanuts.
Background
In the main producing area of peanuts in China, continuous cropping of the peanuts is unavoidable, but causes deterioration of the physical and chemical properties of soil of the peanut field, increase of plant diseases and insect pests year by year, and reduction of yield and commodity quality. The continuous cropping of the peanuts becomes a great problem which troubles both scientific and technological work and broad growers. The continuous cropping of the peanuts inevitably causes the increase of peanut residues, the aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests, the reduction of nutrients utilized by the peanuts in soil, the imbalance of nutrients, the accumulation of metabolic substances of peanut roots and the nutrient absorption of the peanut roots are processes of ion exchange and acid-base balance. The secretion of plant root system has important function for activating the insoluble nutrient in soil and promoting the absorption of nutrient, at the same time, the plant also can secrete some special chemical substances, inhibit the growth of the same species and the same variety, induce the growth of microorganism related to crops, which is often called self-toxicity function, and the substances are also often called allelochemicals. In the crop rotation of different types, besides the nutrients with different proportions are absorbed to keep the coordination of the soil nutrients, different chemical substances are secreted into the soil, the self-toxicity of the crops is relieved, the microbial population is inhibited, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced. The resveratrol and the like in the peanut residue are biodegraded to generate terephthalic acid and 3, 5-phthalic acid which are allelochemicals which are very strong for inhibiting crops in peanut production, and the peanut has the highest oleic acid content in the perennial continuous cropping soil and is a substance which causes mass propagation of harmful microorganisms. The invention adopts corresponding cultivation measures aiming at the main reasons causing the peanut continuous cropping obstacle, and improves the capability of the peanuts to resist the continuous cropping obstacle.
Therefore, the problem to be solved in the art is how to provide a cultivation method for improving the resistance of peanuts to continuous cropping obstacles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving continuous cropping obstacle resistance of peanuts, which effectively reduces the obstacle effect of continuous cropping of the peanuts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. a cultivation method for improving continuous cropping obstacle resistance of peanuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The field residue of the peanuts is removed, and the pests and weeds are reduced to overwinter.
(1) Reduce peanut residues, reduce autotoxic substances causing continuous cropping obstacles: after the peanuts are harvested, the peanut seedling residues in the field are removed, the time is not prolonged, a large number of fallen leaves are prevented, and a large number of pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs are left in the field;
(2) deeply ploughing soil to reduce overwintering insect pests: in late 12 months, when the land is frozen, the soil is deeply ploughed and sunned with the ploughing depth of 25-30cm without harrowing the land. Aims to eliminate overwintering pests and weeds and reduce the occurrence of next-year plant diseases and insect pests; meanwhile, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are changed through freezing and thawing of the soil, and the fixed potassium, phosphorus, calcium and the like are released.
(2) The leguminous plants are planted to fertilize the field, so that the sustainable utilization capacity of the soil is improved:
and (3) sowing plants growing for a short time after the peanuts are harvested for 9-11 months, wherein the general seed consumption of leguminous plants is 0.5-1.0 kg/mu, so that a large amount of biological organic matters can be generated, and the fertility of the soil is improved. Sowing bean materials such as hyacinth beans, soybeans, mung beans and the like, harrowing the field, burying seeds in soil, and irrigating properly to ensure the field growth amount; when the soil is deeply ploughed and the upturned soil is sunned, the leguminous substances sowed in a short time are all ploughed and buried in the field,
(3) Regulating allelochemicals in the soil, improving the soil structure and physicochemical properties, and relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil to the peanuts:
(1) spring wheat is sowed in time, and the spring wheat is ensured to grow fully: after spring, before a frightened sting, deeply ploughing the land to sow wheat 25 kilograms per mu before the year, then raking the land, not applying fertilizer and watering, using precipitation in winter to ensure normal seedling emergence of the wheat with strong springiness, and regulating peanut residue allelochemicals in the soil by virtue of wheat root secretions;
(2) inhibit spring wheat jointing, promote spring wheat tillering and root system increase: in the 3-leaf stage of wheat, 20-40 kg of triiodobenzoic acid of 100PPm and 5-10 g/mu of mepiquat chloride are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of wheat, so that enough root systems of the wheat are ensured to grow, enough root system secretion is generated, and a soil ecological environment similar to that of grass rotation is created;
the triiodobenzoic acid is yellow or light brown solution or powder containing 98% triiodotoluic acid, has weak anti-auxin effect, inhibits the growth of the top of the plant, dwarfs the plant, and promotes the growth of lateral buds and tillers.
The mepiquat chloride has a function of delaying the vegetative growth of plants, can be absorbed by the leaves and roots of the plants and is conducted to the whole plants, so that the activity of gibberellin in the plants can be reduced, the cell elongation is inhibited, and the growth vigor of terminal buds is weakened.
(4) Balanced fertilization, and improved continuous cropping obstacle resistance of peanuts; gramineae allelochemicals are added, and the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil to the peanuts is relieved:
(1) promoting the robust growth of the peanuts, and improving the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts: when soil preparation is carried out, base fertilizer is applied in a balanced manner, the fertilizer consumption is 50-75 kg/mu, and the fertilizer requirement rule of peanuts is followed; (ii) a The base fertilizer N: p: k =5:3:4, fertilizing, namely applying a nitrogenous fertilizer quick-acting fertilizer: nitrogen fertilizer slow-controlled release fertilizer: long-acting slow-controlled release fertilizer of nitrogen fertilizer =3:5:2, the fertilizer is applied according to the proportion to achieve the purpose of nutrient balance.
(2) Spreading organic matters special for continuous cropping obstacle resistance: 10 days before peanut sowing, sowing 500-1000kg of special continuous cropping-resistant organic matter per mu, carrying out rotary tillage on wheat, adding a large amount of easily-degradable organic matter into soil, changing the physicochemical property of soil on the surface layer of the soil, and activating the fixed-state nutrients of the soil:
the continuous cropping resistant special organic matter is decomposed organic matter mainly prepared from gramineous straws produced by fermentation according to the method 2, wherein the gramineous straws are particularly used forcibly, the leguminous straws cannot be used, and plant residues are degraded to generate a plurality of aldehyde acid ester sugar substances which are nutrient substances and allelochemicals and are important reasons for continuous cropping obstacles. The grass family and peanut crop rotation can eliminate continuous cropping obstacles, and the bean family and peanut crop rotation can generate similar continuous cropping obstacles because the bean family straw degradation product and the peanut degradation product have many similarities, and the grass family straw is greatly different, so the grass family straw is required to be the grass family straw.
(5) And (3) additionally applying soil active substances, and improving the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts:
applying soil active substances, activating soil nutrients, balancing soil mineral nutrients and promoting peanut utilization of nutrients: in sowing, adding seed fertilizers: 30-40kg of fulvic acid substances, 10-20kg of organic acid substances, 30-40kg of marine product fertilizer, 0.5-1.0kg of trace elements such as molybdenum, zinc, manganese and boron and 1.0-2.0kg of rhizosphere active fungus fertilizer are applied to each mu.
Preferably, in the step (5), the mass ratio of the trace elements such as molybdenum, zinc, manganese and boron is 1:2:2:1;
the fulvic acid substance can relieve damage of various adversities such as diseases and the like to peanuts, improve rhizosphere microorganisms of the peanuts and complex harmful heavy metals.
The organic acid substance can improve the ion exchange environment of peanut root systems and promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients. The concrete mixture ratio is as follows: 35% citric acid, 30% malic acid and 35% oxalic acid. The three organic acids can not only be used as insoluble medium and trace elements such as phosphorus, calcium and the like in soil, but also be main substances of tricarboxylic acid cycle of organisms, can provide energy for beneficial microorganisms in soil, quickly establish probiotic flora for peanut growth, and inhibit generation and growth of harmful flora.
The marine product fertilizer is prepared by processing and crushing marine wastes such as shells, seaweed and the like, and is applied to soil, and a large amount of chitin, chondroitin, various amino acids, polysaccharide substances and the like are generated through microbial degradation, so that the damage of microorganisms and adverse circumstances to peanut roots can be effectively relieved, and the inhibition of continuous cropping on the growth and development of peanuts is solved.
The trace elements are molybdenum, zinc, manganese, boron and other trace elements which are beneficial to peanut cell division, and can effectively promote plant cell division and growth.
The rhizosphere active bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis, phomopsis, true lacquer mold and the like. Degrading the residue of the soil peanuts, and preventing the symbiosis or parasitic relationship between pathogenic bacteria and the peanuts.
(6) Beneficial biological agents are applied on the leaf surfaces, and the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts in the growing period is improved:
the beneficial biological agent is applied to the leaf surface of the peanuts from the seedling emergence to the flowering, the application is carried out once every 7 to 10 days and 2 to 3 times, and the dosage of monosodium glutamate is 10 to 20g, the sucrose is 20 to 30g, the 98 percent naphthylacetic acid is 10ml, the 0.01 percent brassinolide is 10ml and the 0.15 percent brassinolide is 10ml for each mu.
The monosodium glutamate is a high-quality amino acid composition, more than 20, and can meet the requirement of peanut seedling cell division on amino acid.
The cane sugar consists of glucose and fructose, is an important energy substance and can make up the requirement of insufficient photosynthesis on energy in the seedling stage.
The naphthylacetic acid, brassinolide and brassinolide are important plant growth regulating substances, and can promote cell division and plant growth and development, and promote multiple flowering, multiple needle feeding and multiple fruiting of peanuts.
2. A preparation method of a continuous cropping obstacle resistant special organic matter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Underground piling and primary fermentation: filling the fermentation tank with gramineous straws, compacting, reserving a quarter space, and fermenting in a sealed manner for 60 days to obtain a heat-insulating sealed fermented product;
the fermentation tank is a square underground pit with the height multiplied by the width multiplied by the length =2 multiplied by 4 multiplied by 6 meters; the gramineous straw refers to wheat or corn straw; covering a plastic film in a sealing mode, covering 0.2 m of soil, tamping, sealing and filling water on the plastic film.
(2) And (3) ground piling and secondary fermentation: taking out the primary fermentation product, airing until the water content is 50%, and mixing the materials in a mass ratio of 1:1, adding dry chicken manure, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; adding 20kg of dry lime into the mixture per cubic meter, mixing uniformly, stacking, sealing with thin mud, and fermenting for more than 30 days.
The fermentation mode refers to piling and sealing into a square of 2 multiplied by 3 multiplied by 4, sealing with thin mud, and fermenting on the ground.
(3) Drying the fermented product for later use: drying the fermented mixture in the sun, and adding 0.05% of potassium sorbate and 0.01% of carbendazim. And (4) uniformly mixing to obtain the continuous cropping resistant special organic matter for later use.
The potassium sorbate can effectively inhibit the activity of mould, yeast and aerobic bacteria, and is a low-toxicity and high-efficiency acid preservative. Carbendazim is a broad-spectrum bactericide and has control effect on diseases of various crops caused by fungi (such as adelomycetes and ascomycetes). Aims to prevent the secondary pollution of organic matters;
preferably, in the step (1), the gramineous straws are wheat straws or corn straws.
In conclusion, the invention discloses a cultivation method for improving peanut continuous cropping obstacle resistance, which can effectively improve the peanut continuous cropping obstacle resistance capability by regulating and optimizing parameters such as reducing soil disease, insect and weed overwintering residues, applying leguminous green manure, changing soil allelochemicals, increasing soil active substances, applying special continuous cropping obstacle resistance organic matters, spraying leaf surface to relieve biological agents and the like in different periods, can realize continuous cropping for 7-10 years, can increase the peanut yield by 5-10%, can reduce field diseases by 50-80%, and is suitable for long-term use in presbyopia production areas.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A preparation method of a continuous cropping obstacle resistant special organic matter comprises the following steps:
(1) Underground piling and stuffiness primary fermentation: filling gramineous straws (wheat or corn straws) into the fermentation tank, compacting, reserving a quarter of space, and performing sealed fermentation for 60 days to obtain a heat-insulating sealed fermented product;
(2) Secondary fermentation in ground piling and stuffiness: taking out the primary fermentation product, airing until the water content is 50%, and mixing the materials in a mass ratio of 1:1, adding dry chicken manure, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; adding 20kg of dry lime into each cubic meter of the mixture, mixing, stacking, sealing with slurry, and fermenting for more than 30 days.
(3) Drying the fermented product for later use: drying the fermented mixture in the sun, and adding 0.05% of potassium sorbate and 0.01% of carbendazim. And (4) uniformly mixing to obtain the continuous cropping resistant special organic matter for later use.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving peanut continuous cropping obstacle resistance comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The field residue of the peanuts is removed, and the pests and weeds are reduced to overwinter.
(1) After the peanuts are harvested, removing the peanut seedling residues in the field;
(2) in late 12 months, when the land is frozen, deeply turning over 25cm of soil, reducing overwintering insect pests:
(2) After the peanuts are harvested, hyacinth bean plants are planted to fertilize the field:
(3) Regulating allelochemicals in the soil, improving the soil structure and physicochemical properties, and relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil to the peanuts:
(1) after spring, before frightened sting, 50 kilograms of wheat are sown in the deep ploughing land before the year, and then the land is harrowed flat;
(2) in the 3-leaf period of wheat, 20 kilograms of triiodobenzoic acid with the depth of 100PPm and 5 g/mu of mepiquat chloride are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the wheat;
(4) Balanced fertilization, and improvement of the self continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts:
(1) when land preparation is carried out, according to the peanut fertilizer requirement rule, according to the formula of N: p: k =5:3:4, fertilizing, namely applying quick-acting fertilizer in nitrogen fertilizer: slow and controlled release fertilizer: long-acting slow-controlled release fertilizer =3:5:2 proportion is applied to achieve the purpose of balanced nutrients, and the fertilizer consumption is 50 kg/mu.
(2) 10 days before peanut sowing, broadcasting 500kg of continuous cropping-resistant special organic matter per mu, and carrying out rotary tillage on wheat and burying:
(5) And (3) additionally applying soil active substances, and improving the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts:
when sowing, 30kg of fulvic acid substances, 10kg of organic acid substances, 30kg of marine product fertilizers, 0.5kg of molybdenum, zinc, manganese and boron trace elements and 1.0kg of rhizosphere active fungus fertilizers are applied to each mu of land.
(6) Beneficial biological agents are applied on the leaf surfaces, and the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts in the growing period is improved:
the beneficial biological agent is applied to the leaf surfaces of the peanuts from the seedling emergence to the flowering stage once every 7 days and 2 times, and the dosage of the beneficial biological agent is 10g of monosodium glutamate, 20g of cane sugar, 10ml of 98% naphthylacetic acid, 10ml of 0.01% brassinolide and 10ml of 0.15% brassinolide per mu.
The peanuts are continuously planted for 7 years by the planting method, the annual peanut yield is counted, and the result is shown in table 1; the pest and disease condition of each year is counted, and the result is shown in table 2.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving peanut continuous cropping obstacle resistance comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The field residue of the peanuts is removed, and the pests and weeds are reduced to overwinter.
(1) After the peanuts are harvested, removing the peanut seedling residues in the field;
(2) in late 12 months, when the land is frozen, deeply ploughing the soil by 30cm, reducing overwintering insect pests:
(2) After harvesting peanuts, planting hyacinth bean plants to fertilize the field:
(3) Regulating allelochemicals in soil, improving soil structure and physicochemical properties, and relieving continuous cropping obstacles of peanut caused by soil:
(1) after spring, before frightened sting, 50 kilograms of wheat are sown in the deep ploughing land before the year, and then the land is harrowed flat;
(2) in the 3-leaf stage of wheat, 30 kilograms of triiodobenzoic acid of 100PPm and 7.5 g/mu mepiquat chloride are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of wheat;
(4) Balanced fertilization, and improvement of the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts:
(1) during soil preparation, base fertilizer is applied in a balanced manner, according to the fertilizer requirement rule of peanuts, according to the weight ratio of N: p: k =5:3:4, fertilizing, namely applying quick-acting fertilizer in nitrogen fertilizer: slow and controlled release fertilizer: long-acting slow-controlled release fertilizer =3:5:2 proportion, the purpose of nutrient balance is achieved, and the fertilizer consumption is 75 kg/mu.
(2) Applying 750kg of continuous cropping-resistant special organic matter in each mu 10 days before peanut sowing, carrying out rotary tillage on wheat and burying in soil:
(5) And (3) additionally applying soil active substances to improve the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts:
when sowing, 40kg of fulvic acid substances, 15kg of organic acid substances, 40kg of marine product fertilizer, 0.75kg of molybdenum, zinc, manganese and boron trace elements and 1.5kg of rhizosphere active fungus fertilizer are fertilized per mu.
(6) Beneficial biological agents are applied on the leaf surfaces, and the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts in the growing period is improved:
the beneficial biological agent is applied to the leaf surface of the peanut before the peanut emerges seedling and blooms for 10 days and 3 times, wherein 15g of monosodium glutamate, 25g of sucrose, 10ml of 98% naphthylacetic acid, 10ml of 0.01% brassinolide and 10ml of 0.15% brassinolide are used per mu.
The peanuts are continuously planted for 7 years by the planting method, the annual peanut yield is counted, and the result is shown in table 1; the pest and disease condition of each year is counted, and the result is shown in table 2.
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving peanut continuous cropping obstacle resistance comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The field residue of the peanuts is removed, and the pests and weeds are reduced to overwinter.
(1) After the peanuts are harvested, removing the peanut seedling residues in the field;
(2) in late 12 months, when the land is frozen, deeply turning over 27cm of soil, reducing overwintering insect pests:
(2) After the peanuts are harvested, hyacinth bean plants are planted to fertilize the field:
(3) Regulating allelochemicals in the soil, improving the soil structure and physicochemical properties, and relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil to the peanuts:
(1) after spring, before frightened sting, 50 kilograms of wheat are sown in the deep ploughing land before the year, and then the land is harrowed flat;
(2) in the 3-leaf stage of wheat, 40 kilograms of triiodobenzoic acid of 100PPm and mepiquat chloride of 10 g/mu are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of wheat;
(4) Balanced fertilization, and improvement of the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts:
(1) during soil preparation, base fertilizer is applied in a balanced manner, according to the fertilizer requirement rule of peanuts, according to the weight ratio of N: p: k =5:3:4, fertilizing, namely applying quick-acting fertilizer in nitrogen fertilizer: slow and controlled release fertilizer: long-acting slow-controlled release fertilizer =3:5:2 proportion, the purpose of nutrient balance is achieved, and the fertilizer consumption is 75 kg/mu.
(2) 10 days before peanut sowing, broadcasting 1000kg of continuous cropping resistant special organic matter per mu, and carrying out rotary tillage on wheat and burying:
(5) And (3) additionally applying soil active substances, and improving the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts:
when sowing, applying 40kg of fulvic acid substances, 20kg of organic acid substances, 40kg of marine product fertilizers, 1.0kg of molybdenum, zinc, manganese and boron trace elements and 2.0kg of rhizosphere active fungus fertilizers to each mu of land.
(6) Beneficial biological agents are applied on the leaf surfaces, and the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts in the growing period is improved:
the beneficial biological agent is applied to the leaf surface of the peanut before the peanut emerges and blooms for 8 days and 2 times, and the dosage of the beneficial biological agent per mu is 20g of monosodium glutamate, 30g of cane sugar, 10ml of 98% naphthylacetic acid, 10ml of 0.01% brassinolide and 10ml of 0.15% brassinolide.
The peanuts are continuously planted for 7 years by the planting method, the annual peanut yield is counted, and the result is shown in table 1; the pest and disease condition of each year is counted, and the result is shown in the table 2.
Comparative example 1
The conventional planting method is a local farmland planting method: removing the residual peanuts in the field without deeply ploughing and sunning the upturned soil. Before sowing, compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied to the farmland, ridging and film covering are carried out, 15 kg/mu of husked seeds with the sowing quantity and 10000 holes/mu of density are taken, and double-grain dibbling is carried out. Chemical control in the field is carried out by adopting paclobutrazol, diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in time, and harvest is carried out at the right time.
The peanuts are continuously planted for 7 years by the planting method, the annual peanut yield is counted, and the result is shown in table 1; the pest and disease condition of each year is counted, and the result is shown in the table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method for improving continuous cropping obstacle resistance of peanuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Removing the peanut field residues, reducing the pests and weeds and overwintering:
(1) reduce peanut residues, reduce autotoxic substances causing continuous cropping obstacles: after the peanuts are harvested, the peanut seedling residues in the field are removed, the time is not prolonged, a large number of fallen leaves are prevented, and a large number of pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs are left in the field;
(2) deeply ploughing soil to reduce overwintering insect pests: in late 12 months, when the land is frozen, deeply ploughing the land for drying upturned soil, ploughing to 25-30cm, and simultaneously completely burying the short-term bean family substances sowed in the field;
(2) The leguminous plants are planted to fertilize the field, so that the sustainable utilization capacity of the soil is improved:
(1) after peanuts are harvested for 9 months to 11 months, short-term growth plants are sown, leguminous seeds are sown for 0.5-1.0 kg/mu, a large amount of biological organic matters can be generated, the fertility of soil is improved, hyacinth beans, soybeans and mung beans are sown, seeds are buried in soil seeds by harrowing, proper irrigation is carried out, and the field growth amount is guaranteed;
(3) Regulating allelochemicals in the soil, improving the soil structure and physicochemical properties, and relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil to the peanuts:
(1) the spring wheat is sowed in time, and the spring wheat is ensured to fully grow: after spring, before a frightened sting, sowing 50 kilograms of wheat per mu in a deep ploughing land before the year, then harrowing the land to ensure the emergence of seedlings of spring wheat, and regulating peanut residual allelochemicals in the soil by virtue of wheat root secretion;
(2) inhibit spring wheat jointing, promote spring wheat tillering and root system increase: in the 3-leaf stage of wheat, 20-40 kg of triiodobenzoic acid of 100PPm and 5-10 g/mu of mepiquat chloride are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of wheat, so that enough root systems of the wheat are ensured to grow, enough root system secretion is generated, and a soil ecological environment similar to that of grass rotation is created;
(4) Balanced fertilization, improved continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts, increased gramineous allelochemicals, and relieved continuous cropping obstacle of the peanuts by soil:
(1) promoting the robust growth of the peanuts, and improving the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts: when soil preparation is carried out, base fertilizer is applied in a balanced manner, the fertilizer consumption is 50-75 kg/mu, and the fertilizer requirement rule of the peanuts is followed; the base fertilizer N: p: k =5:3:4, nitrogenous fertilizer quick-acting fertilizer: the nitrogen fertilizer slow-controlled release fertilizer: long-acting slow-controlled release fertilizer of nitrogen fertilizer =3:5:2, the fertilizer is applied in proportion to achieve the purpose of nutrient balance;
(2) spreading organic matters special for continuous cropping obstacle resistance: 10 days before peanut sowing, broadcasting 500-1000kg of continuous cropping obstacle-resistant special organic matter per mu, carrying out rotary tillage on wheat, adding a large amount of easily-degradable organic matter into soil, changing the physicochemical property of soil on the surface layer of the soil, and activating the fixed nutrients of the soil;
(5) And (3) additionally applying soil active substances to improve the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts:
applying soil active substances, activating soil nutrients, balancing soil mineral nutrients and promoting peanut utilization of nutrients: in sowing, adding seed fertilizers: applying 30-40kg of fulvic acid substances, 10-20kg of organic acid substances, 30-40kg of marine product fertilizer, 0.5-1.0kg of molybdenum, zinc, manganese and boron trace elements and 1.0-2.0kg of rhizosphere active fungus fertilizer per mu;
(6) Beneficial biological agents are applied on the leaf surfaces, and the continuous cropping obstacle resistance of the peanuts in the growing period is improved:
and (3) applying beneficial biological agents to the leaf surfaces of the peanuts from the emergence of the seedlings to the pre-flowering stage: one time in 7-10 days, and 2-3 times of supplementary application; the beneficial biological agent is used in each mu: 10-20g of monosodium glutamate, 20-30g of sucrose, 10ml of 98% naphthylacetic acid, 10ml of 0.01% brassinolide and 10ml of 0.15% brassinolide;
the special organic matter for resisting continuous cropping obstacle in the step (4) is prepared by the following method:
(1) Underground piling and stuffiness primary fermentation: filling wheat or corn straws into the fermentation tank, compacting, reserving a quarter of space, and fermenting in a sealing manner for 60 days to obtain a heat-insulating sealed fermentation product;
(2) And (3) ground piling and secondary fermentation: taking out the heat-insulation sealed fermented product, airing until the water content is 50%, and mixing the materials in a mass ratio of 1:1 adding dry chicken manure, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, adding 20kg of dry lime into each cubic meter of the mixture, uniformly mixing, stacking, sealing with thin mud, and fermenting for more than 30 days;
(3) Drying the fermented product for later use: drying the fermented mixture in the sun, removing the dried fermented mixture, adding 0.05% of potassium sorbate and 0.01% of carbendazim, and uniformly mixing to obtain the continuous cropping obstacle resistant special organic matter;
the specific mass ratio of the organic acid substances in the step (5) is as follows: 35% citric acid, 30% malic acid, 35% oxalic acid;
the fertilizer of the Zhonghai product in the step (5) is a fertilizer processed by shells and seaweed wastes;
in the step (5), the mass ratio of the trace elements of molybdenum, zinc, manganese and boron is 1:2:2:1;
in the step (6), the monosodium glutamate mainly provides amino acid for peanut growth, and the sucrose provides glucose.
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| CN202011479633.7A CN112655500B (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Cultivation method for improving continuous cropping obstacle resistance of peanuts |
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| CN104813874A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-08-05 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for comprehensively preventing peanut disease and pest injury and continuous cropping obstacles |
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