CN114309051A - Method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil - Google Patents
Method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114309051A CN114309051A CN202111674611.0A CN202111674611A CN114309051A CN 114309051 A CN114309051 A CN 114309051A CN 202111674611 A CN202111674611 A CN 202111674611A CN 114309051 A CN114309051 A CN 114309051A
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical class O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil heavy metal pollution treatment, and discloses a method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil, which comprises the following steps: collecting a farmland soil sample, analyzing the collected soil sample, and determining the form and content of cadmium in the soil; determining the application amount of the cadmium passivator based on the determined distribution and content of cadmium in the soil; preparing a soil cadmium passivator, namely spreading the prepared cadmium passivator into farmland soil according to a determined application amount, turning the farmland by using a rotary cultivator, uniformly mixing the soil and the cadmium passivator, and irrigating the farmland; selecting a restoration plant, planting the selected restoration plant in farmland soil, applying a restoration fertilizer, and managing the restoration plant; the harvest of the repaired plant is performed during the harvest stage. The invention has low cost, can obviously reduce the mobility of cadmium in soil and has good fixing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil heavy metal pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil.
Background
Currently, soil is the most important natural resource for human life and production, and is an important component of the terrestrial ecosystem on earth. The soil is extremely special in nature in the region where rock, water, atmosphere and biosphere meet each other. Soil also serves as an important carrier of the biological cycle, linking the organic and inorganic world in nature. The soil used for agricultural production has the properties of reproducibility, variability and the like, wherein the variability means that the soil can be converted to a good direction through utilization management of people, but if the utilization management is not proper, the soil can be degraded and lose the original functions, such as soil pollution, soil desertification, secondary soil salinization and the like.
Cadmium is a heavy metal element which is dangerous for environmental pollution, exists in a compound state in nature, and has strong chemical activity and toxicity in the environment. The pan can be absorbed by plants and transferred into human body, which can cause renal decay, arthritis, and cancer. Under normal conditions, the atmosphere and the soil do not contain any beneficial substances or have extremely low content, and the health of human bodies cannot be influenced. However, as industries such as mining, metallurgy, and electroplating continue to evolve, large quantities of pan compounds enter the atmosphere and water resources, and after being absorbed by plants, harm human health through the food chain.
In the prior art, soil cadmium is fixed and repaired mainly through physics, biology and chemistry, but the method has high cost, long repair time and complex process, and the effect of fixing and repairing is poor.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the prior art has high cost, long repair time, complex process and poor fixed repair effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil.
The invention is realized in such a way that the method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil comprises the following steps:
collecting a farmland soil sample, analyzing the collected soil sample, and determining the form and content of cadmium in soil; determining the application amount of the cadmium passivator based on the determined distribution and content of cadmium in the soil;
step two, preparing a soil cadmium passivator, namely, spreading the prepared cadmium passivator into farmland soil according to a determined application amount, turning the farmland by using a rotary cultivator, uniformly mixing the soil and the cadmium passivator, and irrigating the farmland;
thirdly, selecting a repairing plant, planting the selected repairing plant in farmland soil, applying a repairing fertilizer, and managing the repairing plant; and (4) harvesting the repair plants in a harvesting period.
Further, the analyzing the collected soil comprises:
(1) screening the collected soil sample, drying, crushing, adding deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) carrying out ultrasonic oscillation on the mixed solution; standing for a period of time, and filtering to obtain supernatant and precipitate;
(3) determining the cadmium content in the soil sample based on the obtained supernatant by using a flame atomic absorption method; the BCR method is adopted based on the distribution situation of cadmium in different forms of the obtained precipitate.
Further, the ultrasonic oscillation time is as follows: 2.5 h.
Further, the soil cadmium passivator comprises, by mass, 30-35 parts of composite biochar, 20-25 parts of hydroxylated montmorillonite, 15-20 parts of wormcast, 10-15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 8-10 parts of citric acid and 8-10 parts of sodium sulfide.
Further, the preparation of the soil cadmium passivator comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing composite biochar; weighing the composite biochar, the hydroxylated montmorillonite, the wormcast, the calcium superphosphate, the citric acid and the sodium sulfide according to the proportion;
(2) grinding the weighed composite biochar, hydroxylated montmorillonite, calcium superphosphate, citric acid and sodium sulfide, and mixing the ground powder to obtain mixed powder;
(3) carrying out high-temperature roasting treatment on the mixed powder to obtain a roasted product; uniformly mixing the roasted product with wormcast and a proper amount of water; adjusting the pH value to be neutral;
(4) and standing for a period of time, performing solid-liquid separation, and drying the solid to obtain the soil cadmium passivator.
Further, in the step (1), the preparation of the composite biochar comprises the following steps:
obtaining a biochar raw material; removing impurities from the selected biochar raw material, cleaning and drying; crushing the dried biochar raw material to obtain raw material powder;
and (3) carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis reaction on the raw material powder, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, and drying to obtain the composite biochar.
Furthermore, the biochar raw materials are more than two of banana peel, wheat straw, peanut shell and wormwood.
Further, the farmland turning by the rotary cultivator comprises:
shoveling and turning up soil 20-30cm below the surface of the farmland by using a rotary cultivator, and smashing shoveled and turned up soil blocks;
mixing the remediation fertilizer with the crushed soil; and (4) utilizing a rotary cultivator to deeply penetrate the mixed soil and fertilizer to a position 15-20cm below the surface of the farmland.
Further, the irrigating the farm field includes: and regulating the water content of the farmland soil to 20%.
Further, the repair plant may be one or more of amaranthus hypochondriacus, setaria viridis, jerusalem artichoke, cuphea japonica.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention adopts the mode of combining the curing agent with bioremediation to carry out the curing of the soil septa, thereby not only having low cost, but also being capable of obviously reducing the mobility of cadmium in the soil and having good fixing effect; and the cadmium hyper-enrichment plant is combined for subsequent restoration, so that the soil septal fixation and the long-acting property of restoration are ensured; meanwhile, the application amount of the passivator is determined by combining with soil analysis, so that the problems of damage and pollution to soil caused by excessive use can be avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for analyzing collected soil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a soil cadmium passivator according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for preparing composite biochar according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for farmland plowing by a rotary cultivator provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil, and the invention is described in detail by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, collecting a farmland soil sample, analyzing the collected soil sample, and determining the form and content of cadmium in soil; determining the application amount of the cadmium passivator based on the determined distribution and content of cadmium in the soil;
s102, preparing a soil cadmium passivator, namely spreading the prepared cadmium passivator into farmland soil according to a determined application amount, turning the farmland by using a rotary cultivator, uniformly mixing the soil and the cadmium passivator, and irrigating the farmland;
s103, selecting a restoration plant, planting the selected restoration plant in farmland soil, applying a restoration fertilizer, and managing the restoration plant; and (4) harvesting the repair plants in a harvesting period.
As shown in fig. 2, the analyzing of the collected soil according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s201, screening the collected soil sample, drying, crushing, adding deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
s202, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation on the mixed solution; standing for a period of time, and filtering to obtain supernatant and precipitate;
s203, determining the cadmium content in the soil sample based on the obtained supernatant by using a flame atomic absorption method; the BCR method is adopted based on the distribution situation of cadmium in different forms of the obtained precipitate.
The ultrasonic oscillation time provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: 2.5 h.
The soil cadmium passivator provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 30-35 parts of composite biochar, 20-25 parts of hydroxylated montmorillonite, 15-20 parts of wormcast, 10-15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 8-10 parts of citric acid and 8-10 parts of sodium sulfide.
As shown in fig. 3, the preparation of the soil cadmium passivator provided by the embodiment of the invention includes:
s301, preparing composite biochar; weighing the composite biochar, the hydroxylated montmorillonite, the wormcast, the calcium superphosphate, the citric acid and the sodium sulfide according to the proportion;
s302, grinding the weighed composite biochar, hydroxylated montmorillonite, calcium superphosphate, citric acid and sodium sulfide, and mixing the ground powder to obtain mixed powder;
s303, carrying out high-temperature roasting treatment on the mixed powder to obtain a roasted product; uniformly mixing the roasted product with wormcast and a proper amount of water; adjusting the pH value to be neutral;
s304, standing for a period of time, performing solid-liquid separation, and drying the solid to obtain the soil cadmium passivator.
As shown in fig. 4, the preparation of the composite biochar provided by the embodiment of the invention includes:
s401, obtaining a biochar raw material; removing impurities from the selected biochar raw material, cleaning and drying; crushing the dried biochar raw material to obtain raw material powder;
s402, carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis reaction on the raw material powder, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, and drying to obtain the composite biochar.
The biochar raw materials provided by the embodiment of the invention are more than two of banana peel, wheat straw, peanut shell and wormwood.
As shown in fig. 5, the farmland turning by the rotary cultivator provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
s501, shoveling and turning up soil 20-30cm below the surface of the farmland by using a rotary cultivator, and smashing shoveled and turned up soil blocks;
s502, mixing the remediation fertilizer with the smashed soil; and (4) utilizing a rotary cultivator to deeply penetrate the mixed soil and fertilizer to a position 15-20cm below the surface of the farmland.
The farmland irrigation provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: and regulating the water content of the farmland soil to 20%.
The repair plant provided by the embodiment of the invention can be one or more of amaranthus hypochondriacus, setaria viridis, jerusalem artichoke and cuphea calyx.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting a farmland soil sample, analyzing the collected soil sample, and determining the form and content of cadmium in soil; determining the application amount of the cadmium passivator based on the determined distribution and content of cadmium in the soil;
step two, preparing a soil cadmium passivator, namely, spreading the prepared cadmium passivator into farmland soil according to a determined application amount, turning the farmland by using a rotary cultivator, uniformly mixing the soil and the cadmium passivator, and irrigating the farmland;
thirdly, selecting a repairing plant, planting the selected repairing plant in farmland soil, applying a repairing fertilizer, and managing the repairing plant; and (4) harvesting the repair plants in a harvesting period.
2. The method of fixing cadmium in farmland soil according to claim 1, wherein said analyzing the collected soil comprises:
(1) screening the collected soil sample, drying, crushing, adding deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) carrying out ultrasonic oscillation on the mixed solution; standing for a period of time, and filtering to obtain supernatant and precipitate;
(3) determining the cadmium content in the soil sample based on the obtained supernatant by using a flame atomic absorption method; the BCR method is adopted based on the distribution situation of cadmium in different forms of the obtained precipitate.
3. The method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic oscillation time is as follows: 2.5 h.
4. The method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil cadmium passivator is composed of 30-35 parts by mass of composite biochar, 20-25 parts by mass of hydroxylated montmorillonite, 15-20 parts by mass of wormcast, 10-15 parts by mass of calcium superphosphate, 8-10 parts by mass of citric acid and 8-10 parts by mass of sodium sulfide.
5. The method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the soil cadmium passivator comprises:
(1) preparing composite biochar; weighing the composite biochar, the hydroxylated montmorillonite, the wormcast, the calcium superphosphate, the citric acid and the sodium sulfide according to the proportion;
(2) grinding the weighed composite biochar, hydroxylated montmorillonite, calcium superphosphate, citric acid and sodium sulfide, and mixing the ground powder to obtain mixed powder;
(3) carrying out high-temperature roasting treatment on the mixed powder to obtain a roasted product; uniformly mixing the roasted product with wormcast and a proper amount of water; adjusting the pH value to be neutral;
(4) and standing for a period of time, performing solid-liquid separation, and drying the solid to obtain the soil cadmium passivator.
6. The method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the preparation of the composite biochar comprises:
obtaining a biochar raw material; removing impurities from the selected biochar raw material, cleaning and drying; crushing the dried biochar raw material to obtain raw material powder;
and (3) carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis reaction on the raw material powder, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, and drying to obtain the composite biochar.
7. The method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil according to claim 6, wherein the biochar raw material is more than two of banana peel, wheat straw, peanut shell and wormwood.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said farmland tillage with a rotary cultivator comprises:
shoveling and turning up soil 20-30cm below the surface of the farmland by using a rotary cultivator, and smashing shoveled and turned up soil blocks;
mixing the remediation fertilizer with the crushed soil; and (4) utilizing a rotary cultivator to deeply penetrate the mixed soil and fertilizer to a position 15-20cm below the surface of the farmland.
9. The method of fixing cadmium in farmland soil according to claim 1, wherein said irrigating the farmland comprises: and regulating the water content of the farmland soil to 20%.
10. The method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil according to claim 1, wherein the remediation plants are one or more of amaranthus hypochondriacus, setaria viridis, jerusalem artichoke, cuphea calycifolia.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111674611.0A CN114309051A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111674611.0A CN114309051A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Method for fixing cadmium in farmland soil |
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| CN114309051A true CN114309051A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105349152A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-02-24 | 南京大学 | Passivator for alkaline soil and application of passivator |
| CN108219794A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-06-29 | 上海康恒环境修复有限公司 | One kind repairs medicament and application method for Wheat in Northern growing area farmland cadmium pollution soil |
| AU2020103286A4 (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-14 | Sichuan Agricultural University | Combined passivator for reducing cadmium content in paddy field soil and its application method |
| CN113058984A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-02 | 中山大学 | Phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland |
| CN113265257A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-17 | 武汉纺织大学 | Soil heavy metal cadmium remover and preparation method and application thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111674611.0A patent/CN114309051A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105349152A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-02-24 | 南京大学 | Passivator for alkaline soil and application of passivator |
| CN108219794A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-06-29 | 上海康恒环境修复有限公司 | One kind repairs medicament and application method for Wheat in Northern growing area farmland cadmium pollution soil |
| AU2020103286A4 (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-14 | Sichuan Agricultural University | Combined passivator for reducing cadmium content in paddy field soil and its application method |
| CN113058984A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-02 | 中山大学 | Phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland |
| CN113265257A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-17 | 武汉纺织大学 | Soil heavy metal cadmium remover and preparation method and application thereof |
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