CN103406350A - Method for remediating acid/heavy metal cadmium composite polluted soil by using Pennisetum hydridum - Google Patents
Method for remediating acid/heavy metal cadmium composite polluted soil by using Pennisetum hydridum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for remediating acid/heavy metal cadmium composite polluted soil by using Pennisetum hydridum. The method comprises the following steps: plowing polluted soil, and planting Pennisetum hydridum in low ridges from March, wherein irrigation and fertilizer application are performed or not performed in the complete growing season; and three months after planting, starting reaping the aerial part of Pennisetum hydridum once a month, incinerating the reaped substance by a conventional method, and extracting the heavy metal and fertilizer, thereby achieving the goal of remediating acid/heavy metal cadmium composite polluted soil. Pennisetum hydridum is a perennial herb; and by continuously planting the Pennisetum hydridum on the heavy metal cadmium polluted soil and continuously reaping the aerial part, the heavy metal cadmium in the soil is continuously extracted and transferred, and the pH value of the soil is changed until the soil achieves the environmental safety standard. The Pennisetum hydridum, which has the advantages of high biomass of the aerial part and developed root system, can absorb and fix abundant heavy metals, can retain water and protect soil, enhances the green level of the polluted area, and has favorable economic benefit, social benefit and ecological effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the recovery technique of Heavy Metals In Environment, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil.
Background technology
Farmland Soil Pollution has become one of key factor of restriction agricultural sustainable development and food security.Calendar year 2001, Guangxi autonomous region Maonan Autonomous County of Huanjiang suffers flood not seen once in a hundred years, cause the Beishan Mountain, Ya Mai, all the ore dressing plant solid waste in zone, river flows into large ring river with flood, tailings and the diametan of about 0.8-1.0 ten thousand stere are washed into river course, cause riverine Luoyang, greatly pacify and think three small towns of grace along the river agricultural land soil suffer severe contamination.The material such as tailings of lead-zinc ore and diametan enters Project Areas soil and produces strong acidization, follows simultaneously a series of serious ecological environment problems: soil acidification, heavy metallic poison, ferro-aluminum are poisoned, crop production reduction even has no harvest, soil quality degeneration, polluted underground water and surface water etc.This class land environmental issues threatens local resident's life and healthy the generation greatly, and the harm impact larger on growing of offspring.
The governance way of heavy-metal contaminated soil has two kinds: a kind of is that pollutant is removed, and another kind is to change heavy metal to have a form in soil, and it is fixed.Around these two kinds of approach, produce different recovery techniques and measure, mainly contained engineering measure, physics, chemical recovery technique, agronomy regulation measure etc.These methods respectively have its advantage, but generally all exist quantities larger, and expense is high, easily cause secondary pollution and cause the ecological problems such as soil texture destruction and soil fertility degeneration.
Biological restoration is to utilize biotechnology to administer a kind of new method of contaminated soil.At present, bioremediation technology mainly concentrates on plant and microorganism two aspects.Phytoremediation technology is a kind of technology of utilizing self-sow or the hereditary restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal that cultivates plants.According to its mechanism and mechanism, the phytoremediation technology of heavy-metal contaminated soil can be divided into 3 types of plant extract, phytovolatilization and plant stabilities.Plant extract, namely utilize heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant from soil, drawing metal pollutant, gathers in subsequently aerial part and focus on, and plants continuously this plant, reaches the purpose that reduces or remove heavy metal pollution of soil; In addition, the biological effectiveness that adds some organic complexing agents to increase heavy metal in soil also can improve the absorption of plant to heavy metal.Phytovolatilization, its mechanism are to utilize root system of plant to absorb metal, are translated into gaseous material and evaporate in atmosphere, to reduce soil pollution; That this respect most study is metalloid element Hg and nonmetalloid Se at present.Plant stability, utilize anti-heavy metal plant or super accumulation plant to reduce the activity of heavy metal, heavy metal is arrived underground water by drip washing or by the possibility of the further contaminated environment of oxygen diffusion, its mechanism is mainly at accumulation, precipitation or the root table of root, to absorb to strengthen solidifying of heavy metal in soil by metal thereby reduce.
Hybrid giant napier (Pennisetum hydridum) is perennial grass, uprightly grows thickly, and well developed root system, plant is tall and big, has stronger tillering ability, and the individual plant 80-90 strain of can tillering every year, can be rated as the emperor in grass.The hybrid giant napier plant height reaches 4-5 rice, long 9.15 centimetres of internode; 15-30 effective tillering arranged, and every saving given birth to 1 axillalry bud, and by the blade parcel, blade alternate, long 60-132 centimetre, the wide 3-6 centimetre of blade, long 35 leaves of symbiosis in 8 months; Intensive panicle, long 20-30 centimetre, but how not ear in the Temperate Region in China cultivation, can only utilize axillalry bud to carry out vegetative propagation.Hybrid giant napier requires not tight to soil property, acidity, rough sand, viscosity, red soil and slight saline-alkali soil all can be grown, and equal well-grown under the condition of Long term immersion or arid, reach more than 300 tons/hectare in south China plantation output.The inventor finds in the research work of being engaged in the heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation, the hybrid giant napier strong stress resistance, biomass is large, WUEL is high, in acid and heavy metal cadmium soil, grows fine, to repairing sour and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil effect is remarkable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to: for existingly repairing that the quantities that acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil technical method exist is large, expense is high, easily cause the shortcoming such as soil texture destruction, provide a kind of method of utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair sour and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of method of utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil, that hybrid giant napier is planted in the soil of acid and heavy metal cadmium combined pollution, utilize the hybrid giant napier well developed root system, the upperground part biomass is large, can absorption and accumulation the characteristic of heavy metal cadmium, absorb in soil heavy metal cadmium and be transferred to above-ground plant parts; The hybrid giant napier plantation is after three months, and its upperground part biomass of periodical reaping, and ashing is per month processed, and extracts heavy metal; Because it is perennial plant, growth period, Second Year started without repeating plantation again in the annual 4-11 month, and its upperground part biomass of periodical reaping, and ashing is per month processed, until contaminated soil is repaired to environmental safety standard; Its concrete steps comprise:
1. wholely: in last month of spring in winter, turn at the beginning and be subjected to acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil, ploughed depth >=30cm, do not apply any fertilizer and additive, or combined contamination soil is carried out to the pH value and process and discharge base manure;
2. plant seedling: spring in every year ground moistening or overcast and rainy plantation, press the ditching of 75-85cm line-spacing, trench depth is 30cm, and the hybrid giant napier seedling is buried to ditch, then returns soil seedling is covered, and returns native cladding thickness 15-25cm; Planting density 75-85cm * 45-55cm;
3. management: plant time of infertility is without irrigating and fertilising, or organic fertilizer or natural pond liquid that post processing obtains were applied fertilizer once per month in growth period;
4. harvesting: plant after three months November extremely then, gather in per month the hybrid giant napier Aboveground Biomass of Young once; Second Year rises at hybrid giant napier and repeats to gather in its Aboveground Biomass of Young growth period, and the hybrid giant napier planting process can continue to the heavy metal in soil cadmium content and the pH value reaches environmental safety standard;
5. post processing: will gather in per month hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method, and extract heavy metal, and obtain heavy metal cadmium and organic fertilizer product.
Above-described pH value process adopt lime, NaOH and potassium hydroxide more than one, every mu of polluted agricultural land addition lime is >=600kg that NaOH and potassium hydroxide are >=300kg.
Above-described discharge base manure adopt silkworm excrement, natural pond slag, pig manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and chicken manure more than one, every mu of total consumption is 2000-2500kg.
Above-described acid and its pH value of heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil of being subjected to is 2.0-3.1, and heavy metal cadmium content is 0.32mg/kg～1.40mg/kg.
Above-described harvesting Aboveground Biomass of Young refers to the hybrid giant napier plant that harvesting is ripe or look higher, does not comprise the plant that newly tillers.
Above-described organic fertilizer is applied to the fertilising of crops or hybrid giant napier plantation.
Compared with prior art, the advantage that has of the present invention is:
1, plant hybrid giant napier of the present invention is perennial plant, and root system is more flourishing, strong stress resistance, and biomass is large, and rapidly, the tillering propagation ability is strong in growth, once after the plantation, can repeat harvesting.
2, hybrid giant napier is high to WUEL, can the water conservation soil conservation, stablize earth's surface, and in acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil, grow fine, can continue acid and heavy metal cadmium in absorption soil, until soil reaches the National environment security standard.
3, according to a conventional method hybrid giant napier carried out to ashing and extract heavy metal and process, obtaining rich water and heavy metal cadmium; Rich water is applied to crops or as the fertilising of hybrid giant napier.
4, the hybrid giant napier Cultivate administration is simple to operate, and quantities is little, is applicable to large-area engineering control, has economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits preferably.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Testing hybrid giant napier in the pH value is 3.0, and average heavy metal cadmium content is acid and the heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil of 0.68mg/kg.Since in November, 2010, in soil, do not use any additive, then play low ridge, the plantation hybrid giant napier of turning over, complete plantation work on March 15th, 2011.Hybrid giant napier planting density specification is 80cm * 50cm.Not fertigation of growing period, artificial removal's weeds in field, gather in the crops in by the end of November, 2011 to.To gather in hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method, extract heavy metal, obtain heavy metal cadmium and fertilizer.Once the rear hybrid giant napier of results is 0.09mg/kg to the purifying rate of heavy metal in soil cadmium; Because the present embodiment Cutting is only final the results once, by normal planting measure, its biomass can reach 10 times of left and right of hybrid giant napier biomass in this research, and namely its theoretical remediation efficiency can reach annual 0.9mg/kg; If, when topsoil heavy metal cadmium average content (0.68mg/kg) is dropped to China's agricultural production standard of soil environment quality (the full Cd≤0.30mg/kg of soil, pH >=6.5 o'clock), need in theory 6 years.Hybrid giant napier plantation after 1 year P in soil H value rise to 4.9 from 3.0, needed in theory 3 years can will be subjected to the acid pollution soil remediation to Environmental security pH value standard.In addition, the plantation 1 year after the soil weight by 1.23 ± 0.07g/cm
3Be down to 1.20 ± 0.10 g/cm
3, soil porosity is increased to 54.68 ± 3.74% by 53.52 ± 2.70%.Planting plants regional soil heavy metal cadmium content does not reduce 1.1% naturally, need to reach environmental safety standard in 91 years; Planting plants regional soil pH value does not rise to 3.8 from 3.0, and soil pH value needs reach in 23 years environmental safety standard.
Embodiment 2:
Testing hybrid giant napier in the pH value is 3.0, and average heavy metal cadmium content is acid and the heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil of 0.68mg/kg.Since in December, 2010, in soil, do not use any additive, low ridge then, the plantation hybrid giant napier of turning over, complete plantation work on March 10th, 2011.Hybrid giant napier planting density specification is 75cm * 50cm.Growing period is not irrigated, natural pond liquid of fertilising in every 2 months, and artificial removal's weeds in field, gather in the crops in by the end of November, 2011 to.To gather in hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method, extract heavy metal, obtain heavy metal cadmium and fertilizer.Once the rear hybrid giant napier of results is 0.09mg/kg to the purifying rate of heavy metal in soil cadmium; Because the present embodiment Cutting is only final the results once, by normal planting measure, its biomass can reach 10 times of left and right of hybrid giant napier biomass in this research, and namely its theoretical remediation efficiency can reach annual 0.9mg/kg; If topsoil heavy metal cadmium average content (0.68mg/kg) is dropped to China's agricultural production standard of soil environment quality (the full Cd≤0.30mg/kg of soil, pH >=6.5 o'clock)) time, need in theory 8 years.Hybrid giant napier plantation after 1 year P in soil H value rise to 5.1 from 3.0, need in theory to get final product in 3 years and will be subjected to acid pollution soil can reach Environmental security pH value standard.In addition, the plantation 1 year after the soil weight by 1.23 ± 0.07g/cm
3Be down to 1.20 ± 0.10g/cm
3, soil porosity is increased to 54.68 ± 3.74% by 53.52 ± 2.70%.Planting plants regional soil heavy metal cadmium content does not reduce 1.1% naturally, need to reach environmental safety standard in 91 years; Planting plants regional soil pH value does not rise to 3.8 from 3.0, and soil pH value needs reach in 23 years environmental safety standard.
Embodiment 3:
Testing hybrid giant napier in the pH value is 3.0, and average heavy metal cadmium content is acid and the heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil of 0.68mg/kg.Since in November, 2010, in soil, liming-NaOH and fertilizer are joined and are applied as additive, every mu of polluted agricultural land adds 500kg lime and 250kg NaOH, again used in the 8th day with amount lime and NaOH, by the amount of 2000kg/ mu, used silkworm excrement in the 15 day, in February, 2011, play low ridge, the plantation hybrid giant napier of turning over, completed plantation work on March 5th, 2011.Hybrid giant napier planting density specification is 80cm * 50cm.Growing period is not irrigated, natural pond liquid of fertilising in every 2 months, and artificial removal's weeds in field, gather in the crops in by the end of November, 2011 to.To gather in hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method, extract heavy metal, obtain heavy metal cadmium and fertilizer.Once the rear hybrid giant napier of results is 0.05mg/kg to the purifying rate of heavy metal in soil cadmium; Because the present embodiment Cutting is only final the results once, by normal planting measure, its biomass can reach 10 times of left and right of hybrid giant napier biomass in this research, and namely its theoretical remediation efficiency can reach annual 0.5mg/kg; If topsoil heavy metal cadmium average content (0.68mg/kg) is dropped to China's agricultural production standard of soil environment quality (the full Cd≤0.30mg/kg of soil, pH >=6.5 o'clock)) time, need in theory 10 years.Apply the plantation of additive hybrid giant napier after 1 year, P in soil H value rises to 7.6 from 3.0, needs in theory to get final product in 1 year to be subjected to acid pollution soil can reach Environmental security pH value standard.In addition, the plantation 1 year after the soil weight by 1.23 ± 0.07g/cm
3Be down to 1.20 ± 0.10 g/cm
3, soil porosity is increased to 54.68 ± 3.74% by 53.52 ± 2.70%; Soil organic matter content improves 24%.Planting plants regional soil heavy metal cadmium content does not reduce 1.1% naturally, need to reach environmental safety standard in 91 years; Planting plants regional soil pH value does not rise to 3.8 from 3.0, and soil pH value needs reach in 23 years environmental safety standard.
Embodiment 4:
Testing hybrid giant napier in the pH value is 3.0, and average heavy metal cadmium content is acid and the heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil of 0.68mg/kg.Since in November, 2009, in soil, take lime-NaOH and silkworm excrement, natural pond slag and chicken manure joins and applies as additive, every mu of polluted agricultural land adds 600kg lime and 300kg potassium hydroxide, to the tenth day every mu use silkworm excrement 1000kg, natural pond slag 1000kg and chicken manure 500kg, in February, 2011, play low ridge, the plantation hybrid giant napier of turning over, complete plantation work on March 15th, 2011.Hybrid giant napier planting density specification is 75cm * 55cm.Not fertigation of growing period, artificial removal's weeds in field, gather in the crops in by the end of November, 2011 to.To gather in hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method, extract heavy metal, obtain heavy metal cadmium and fertilizer.Once the rear hybrid giant napier of results is 0.06mg/kg to the purifying rate of heavy metal in soil cadmium; Because the present embodiment Cutting is only final the results once, by normal planting measure, its biomass can reach 10 times of left and right of hybrid giant napier biomass in this research, and namely its theoretical remediation efficiency can reach annual 0.6mg/kg; If, when topsoil heavy metal cadmium average content (0.68mg/kg) is dropped to China's agricultural production standard of soil environment quality (the full Cd≤0.30mg/kg of soil, pH >=6.5 o'clock), need in theory 8.5 years.Apply the plantation of additive hybrid giant napier after 1 year, P in soil H value rises to 7.4 from 3.0, needs in theory to get final product in 1 year to be subjected to acid pollution soil can reach Environmental security pH value standard.In addition, the plantation 1 year after the soil weight by 1.23 ± 0.07g/cm
3Be down to 1.20 ± 0.10g/cm
3, soil porosity is increased to 54.68 ± 3.74% by 53.52 ± 2.70%; Soil organic matter content improves 21%.Planting plants regional soil heavy metal cadmium content does not reduce 1.1% naturally, need to reach environmental safety standard in 91 years; Planting plants regional soil pH value does not rise to 3.8 from 3.0, and soil pH value needs reach in 23 years environmental safety standard.
Claims (6)
1. method of utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil, it is characterized in that: hybrid giant napier is planted in the soil of acid and heavy metal cadmium combined pollution, utilize the hybrid giant napier well developed root system, the upperground part biomass is large, can absorption and accumulation the characteristic of heavy metal cadmium, absorb in soil heavy metal cadmium and be transferred to above-ground plant parts; The hybrid giant napier plantation is after three months, and its upperground part biomass of periodical reaping, and ashing is per month processed, and extracts heavy metal; Because it is perennial plant, growth period, Second Year started without repeating plantation again in the annual 4-11 month, and its upperground part biomass of periodical reaping, and ashing is per month processed, until contaminated soil is repaired to environmental safety standard; Its concrete steps comprise:
1. wholely: in last month of spring in winter, turn at the beginning and be subjected to acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil, ploughed depth >=30cm, do not apply any fertilizer and additive, or combined contamination soil is carried out to the pH value and process and discharge base manure;
2. plant seedling: spring in every year ground moistening or overcast and rainy plantation, press the ditching of 75-85cm line-spacing, trench depth is 30cm, and the hybrid giant napier seedling is buried to ditch, then returns soil seedling is covered, and returns native cladding thickness 15-25cm; Planting density 75-85cm * 45-55cm;
3. management: plant time of infertility is without irrigating and fertilising, or organic fertilizer or natural pond liquid that post processing obtains were applied fertilizer once per month in growth period;
4. harvesting: plant after three months November extremely then, gather in per month the hybrid giant napier Aboveground Biomass of Young once; Second Year rises at hybrid giant napier and repeats to gather in its Aboveground Biomass of Young growth period, and the hybrid giant napier planting process can continue to the heavy metal in soil cadmium content and the pH value reaches environmental safety standard;
5. post processing: will gather in per month hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method, and extract heavy metal, and obtain heavy metal cadmium and organic fertilizer product.
2. a kind of method of utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pH value process adopt lime, NaOH and potassium hydroxide more than one, every mu of polluted agricultural land addition lime is >=600kg that NaOH and potassium hydroxide are >=300kg.
3. a kind of method of utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described discharge base manure adopt silkworm excrement, natural pond slag, pig manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and chicken manure more than one, every mu of total consumption is 2000-2500kg.
4. a kind of method of utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described acid and its pH value of heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil of being subjected to is 2.0-3.1, and heavy metal cadmium content is 0.32mg/kg～1.40mg/kg.
5. a kind of method of utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described harvesting Aboveground Biomass of Young refers to harvesting maturation or the hybrid giant napier plant that looks higher, does not comprise the plant that newly tillers.
6. a kind of method of utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described organic fertilizer is applied to the fertilising that crops or hybrid giant napier are planted.
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| CN106734075A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | A kind of ecological restoring method of tailings |
| CN107234128A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-10 | 关越 | A kind of method of Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals |
| CN107318450A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-07 | 北京汉都环境科技有限公司 | A kind of heavy metal-polluted soil biodegrading process based on biological coupling technology |
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| CN111974791A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Ecological energy farm remediation method for multi-scene application of ionic rare earth mining area soil |
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| CN104259191A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-07 | 广西地源之本肥业有限公司 | Treatment method for heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN106734075A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | A kind of ecological restoring method of tailings |
| CN107234128A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-10 | 关越 | A kind of method of Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals |
| CN107318450A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-07 | 北京汉都环境科技有限公司 | A kind of heavy metal-polluted soil biodegrading process based on biological coupling technology |
| CN110038884A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-07-23 | 湖南鹏田农业科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve bluish dogbane to the processing method of heavy metal cadmium remediation efficiency in acid soil |
| CN111974791A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Ecological energy farm remediation method for multi-scene application of ionic rare earth mining area soil |
| CN112207127A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-12 | 农业部沼气科学研究所 | Remediation method for heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil |
| CN112453037A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-09 | 海南大学 | Method for repairing heavy metal and organic matter combined contaminated soil by combining plant microorganisms |
| CN113228871A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for constructing fertile plough layer by planting Guimu No. I and application |
| CN113228871B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2023-10-20 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for constructing fertile plough layer by using Guimu first planting and application |
| CN113617830A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-09 | 东珠生态环保股份有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for multi-type soil |
| CN114042749A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-15 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for zero-tillage remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland by interplanting astragalus mongholicus with grassiness |
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