CN112453036A - System and method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing earthworm-plant coupling - Google Patents
System and method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing earthworm-plant coupling Download PDFInfo
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- CN112453036A CN112453036A CN202011205184.7A CN202011205184A CN112453036A CN 112453036 A CN112453036 A CN 112453036A CN 202011205184 A CN202011205184 A CN 202011205184A CN 112453036 A CN112453036 A CN 112453036A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and discloses a system and a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing earthworm-plant coupling, wherein the system for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing earthworm-plant coupling comprises the following steps: the system comprises a soil pretreatment system to be repaired, a repair preparation system, a plant planting and transplanting system, an earthworm seedling throwing system, a central control system, a liquid topdressing system, a contaminated soil repairing system and a harmless treatment system. According to the system for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing the earthworm-plant coupling, the eosino earthworms with strong pollution treatment capacity are introduced into the heavy metal contaminated soil by establishing the earthworm-plant coupling repairing system and utilizing the life habits of the earthworms, then some plants with developed root systems are planted, the metabolism of the earthworms is utilized to assist the growth of the plants, the repairing cost is reduced, a practical, economic, efficient and environment-friendly method is provided for treating the exposed ground surface in the heavy metal contaminated mining area, and the application value is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a system and a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant coupling.
Background
At present, with the development of industry, agriculture and social economy, pollutants generated in the agricultural production process are continuously enriched in soil, and the stability of a soil ecosystem is greatly damaged. The soil is a material base on which the human beings rely to live, is an indispensable and non-renewable natural resource for the human beings, and is also an important component of the human environment. Among various soil pollutants, heavy metal substances are most seriously harmful to a soil ecosystem due to high toxicity, difficult degradation and a biological enrichment effect, and the soil heavy metal pollution attracts high attention of people and becomes a hot problem of global attention.
The phytoremediation technology is a treatment technology which is based on the physiological functions of tolerance, decomposition or excessive accumulation of certain chemical elements of plants and utilizes plants and coexisting microbial systems thereof to absorb, degrade, volatilize and enrich pollutants in the environment. The key of phytoremediation is to select a super-accumulation plant, which is an adaptive mutant under the condition of heavy metal stress, and the super-accumulation plant is slow in growth, low in biomass, poor in climate environment adaptability and strong in enrichment specificity. Meanwhile, the existing remediation method for metal contaminated soil is single, the utilization of animals is lacked, and a complete remediation system is not formed.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing super-accumulation plants have slow growth, low biomass, poor climate environment adaptability and strong enrichment specificity. Meanwhile, the existing remediation method for metal contaminated soil is single, the utilization of animals is lacked, and a complete remediation system is not formed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant coupling.
The invention is realized in such a way that a system for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing earthworm-plant coupling comprises:
the system comprises a soil pretreatment system to be repaired, a repair preparation system, a plant planting and transplanting system, an earthworm seedling throwing system, a central control system, a liquid topdressing system, a contaminated soil repairing system and a harmless treatment system.
The soil pretreatment system to be repaired is connected with the central control system and is used for removing weeds and shrubs from the selected heavy metal contaminated soil to be repaired through the soil pretreatment device, applying enough decomposed organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers at late autumn and early winter, deeply ploughing for 35-55 cm to weather the soil, freezing the overwintering pests, and thoroughly ploughing and raking up the soil;
the restoration preparation system is connected with the central control system and used for applying biochar-based fertilizer to the heavy metal contaminated soil to be restored through fertilizing equipment, uniformly mixing and aging for 20-30 days;
the plant planting and transplanting system is connected with the central control system and is used for planting terrestrial and/or aquatic heavy metal super-accumulation plants suitable for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation and transplanting woody fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willows with the capability of enriching heavy metals;
the earthworm seedling throwing system is connected with the central control system and used for throwing the cultivated earthworm seedlings to soil through the throwing device to form an earthworm-plant coupling restoration system, wherein the earthworms adopt Eisenia foetida;
the central control system is connected with the soil pretreatment system to be repaired, the repair preparation system, the plant planting and transplanting system, the earthworm seedling putting system, the liquid topdressing system, the contaminated soil repair system and the innocent treatment system and is used for controlling the normal operation of each system of the system for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing earthworm-plant coupling through a central processing unit;
the liquid topdressing system is connected with the central control system and is used for applying environment-friendly ferment which can activate heavy metal, promote plant growth and improve the habitat condition of the earthworms as liquid topdressing in daily life through the topdressing device;
the contaminated soil remediation system is connected with the central control system and is used for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil through the constructed earthworm-plant coupling remediation system;
and the harmless treatment system is connected with the central control system and is used for incinerating the harvested plants and the captured earthworms through harmless treatment equipment, then solidifying and burying the plants and the captured earthworms for harmless treatment, and removing the willow integrally after one period is finished, wherein one period is 10-12 months.
Further, the plant planting and transplanting system comprises:
the transplanting unit is used for transplanting annual woody fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willow seedlings with the capability of enriching heavy metals in an interlaced hole planting mode;
the planting unit is used for irrigating and thoroughly watering the transplanted nursery stock, so that the root system of the nursery stock is more tightly combined with the soil;
and the top dressing unit is used for ditching and top dressing the nursery stock and properly irrigating in combination with weather.
Further, earthworm seedling dispensing system includes:
the soil treatment unit is used for applying enough organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers to the soil, thoroughly ploughing and harrowing the soil and irrigating and moistening the soil;
the putting unit is used for uniformly scattering the earthworm seedlings on the surface of the treated soil, and the earthworm seedlings are drilled into the soil;
the maintenance unit is used for sprinkling water to the soil according to weather conditions and covering straws for moisturizing;
and the recovery unit is used for forming a low-voltage electric field in an electric field driving mode after the heavy metal pollutants in the soil are absorbed, converted and accumulated by plants and earthworms, and the earthworms automatically drill out of the ground and then capture and collect the heavy metal pollutants.
Further, the innocent treatment system includes:
a mixing and stirring unit for burning the harvested plants and the captured earthworms, adding water, and stirring and mixing to form mortar;
the mortar treatment unit is used for carrying out aeration and concentration treatment on mortar;
the pH value adjusting unit is used for adjusting the pH value of the treated mortar and adjusting the pH value of the mortar to be neutral;
and the settling system is used for settling mortar in the drainage pool, extracting and drying the sediment, and performing landfill treatment on the dried sediment.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant coupling, which applies the system for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant coupling, the method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant coupling comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a soil pretreatment system to be repaired is used for removing weeds and shrubs from selected heavy metal contaminated soil to be repaired by using a soil pretreatment device, sufficient decomposed organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers are applied in late autumn and early winter, deep ploughing is carried out for 35-55 cm, soil is weathered, overwintering pests are frozen, and the soil is ploughed thoroughly and raked up;
step two, applying a biochar-based fertilizer into the heavy metal contaminated soil to be repaired by using a fertilizing device through a repair preparation system, uniformly mixing, and aging for 20-30 days;
planting terrestrial and/or aquatic heavy metal super-accumulation plants suitable for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation through a plant planting and transplanting system, and transplanting woody fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willows with the capability of enriching heavy metals;
step four, throwing the cultivated earthworm seedlings into soil by using a throwing device through an earthworm seedling throwing system to form an earthworm-plant coupling restoration system, wherein the earthworms adopt Eisenia foetida;
controlling the normal operation of each system of the system for restoring the heavy metal polluted soil by utilizing the earthworm-plant coupling through a central control system by utilizing a central processing unit;
step six, applying an environment-friendly enzyme which can activate heavy metals, promote plant growth and improve the habitat conditions of the earthworms as liquid topdressing by using a topdressing device in a daily manner through a liquid topdressing system;
step seven, restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the constructed earthworm-plant coupling restoration system through the contaminated soil restoration system;
and step eight, incinerating the harvested plants and the captured earthworms by using harmless treatment equipment through a harmless treatment system, solidifying and burying the plants and the captured earthworms for harmless treatment, and removing the whole willow after one period is finished, wherein 10-12 months are taken as one period.
Further, in the second step, the biochar-based fertilizer comprises: 30-45 parts of biochar, 25-30 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of nitric acid, 7-11 parts of citric acid, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate and 4-6 parts of plant ash.
Further, the preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) carbonizing willow waste to obtain an organic carbon product, and drying and crushing the organic carbon product at the temperature of 80-90 ℃; putting the mixture into a charcoal furnace for pyrolysis at 450-500 ℃, and cooling to room temperature for later use;
(2) mixing the product obtained in the step (1) with dilute nitric acid with the mass fraction of 5%, then carrying out acid washing for 1-3 h, then washing with deionized water to neutrality, filtering, drying, cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving to obtain biochar;
(3) respectively weighing biochar, urea, nitric acid, citric acid, diammonium phosphate and plant ash in parts by weight, uniformly mixing, granulating the reaction mixture to obtain the biochar-based fertilizer, and bagging for later use.
Further, in the third step, the terrestrial super-accumulation plant is at least one of ciliate desert-grass, castor-oil plant, sedum alfredii hance, grain amaranth, Thalasia repens and Elsholtzia splendens, and the aquatic super-accumulation plant is at least one of Leersia hexandra, canna, windmill grass, watercress and swamp cabbage.
Further, in the third step, the method for transplanting woody fast-growing trees such as mulberry trees and willow trees with the capability of enriching heavy metals by using the plant planting and transplanting system comprises the following steps:
(1) transplanting annual tree fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willow seedlings with the capacity of enriching heavy metals in an interlaced hole planting mode when the average temperature of the unfrozen soil in spring reaches over 10 ℃;
(2) digging holes and planting; after transplanting, irrigating once to enable the root system of the nursery stock to be tightly combined with the soil, immediately cultivating a layer of thin soil after irrigating, and watering in time;
(3) in the last ten days of 5 months, digging semilunar ditches 20-30 cm away from the nursery stock, and applying additional fertilizer according to the amount of 15kg of urea and 25kg of calcium superphosphate per mu; increasing the fertilizing amount from the middle and last ten days of 6 months to the bottom of 8 months, and properly irrigating in combination with the weather.
Further, the transplanting row spacing is 2-3 m, and the plant spacing is 1-1.5 m; the hole diameter of the digging and field planting is 0.50-0.65 m, and the hole depth is 0.45-0.65 m.
Further, in the fourth step, the method for releasing the cultivated earthworm seedlings to the soil by the earthworm seedling releasing system by using the releasing device comprises the following steps:
(1) when the temperature reaches above 15 ℃ in spring, applying enough organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers, thoroughly ploughing and harrowing the soil, irrigating and moistening the soil, and introducing Eisenia foetida for a soil remediation process;
(2) in the restoration period, water is sprayed at least once every day in hot weather in summer, straws are covered for moisture preservation, and water is sprayed once in 4-5 days in spring and autumn;
(3) after the heavy metal pollutants in the soil are absorbed, converted and accumulated by plants and earthworms, a low-voltage electric field is formed by adopting an electric field driving mode, and the earthworms automatically drill out of the ground to capture and collect the heavy metal pollutants.
Further, in the eighth step, the incineration post-curing landfill innocent treatment specifically includes:
burning the harvested plants and the captured earthworms, mixing the burned plants and tap water or recycled water in a ratio of 1: 2-1: 20, and stirring the mixture strongly to form mortar;
adding pressurized air into the mortar, aerating from the bottom of the washing tank to form sufficient stirring to dissolve soluble salts in the fly ash, stopping stirring, precipitating, and discharging supernatant to a drainage tank;
concentrating the mortar with the water content of more than 90% until the water content is reduced to 70% -90%, and discharging the supernatant to the drainage pool;
filling CO 2 or acid into the drainage pool to enable the strong alkaline supernatant with the pH value of 11-12 to become a neutral water body with the pH value of 6.0-8.5; then adding a flocculating agent to accelerate the precipitation process;
and extracting and drying the precipitate, and burying the dried precipitate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, comprising a computer readable program, which when executed on an electronic device, provides a user input interface to implement the method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant coupling.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant coupling.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the system for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing the earthworm-plant coupling, the eosino earthworms with strong pollution treatment capacity are introduced into the heavy metal contaminated soil by establishing the earthworm-plant coupling repairing system and utilizing the life habits of the earthworms, then some plants with developed root systems are planted, the metabolism of the earthworms is utilized to assist the growth of the plants, the repairing cost is reduced, a practical, economic, efficient and environment-friendly method is provided for treating the exposed ground surface in the heavy metal contaminated mining area, and the application value is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a soil pretreatment system to be repaired; 2. a repair preparation system; 3. a plant planting and transplanting system; 4. an earthworm seedling throwing system; 5. a central control system; 6. a liquid top application system; 7. a contaminated soil remediation system; 8. a harmless treatment system.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a biochar-based fertilizer provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for transplanting woody fast-growing trees such as mulberry and willow which have the capability of enriching heavy metals through a plant planting and transplanting system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for releasing earthworm seedlings to be cultivated into soil by using a releasing device through an earthworm seedling releasing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for harmless treatment of a solidified landfill after incineration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a system and a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant coupling, which are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for remedying heavy metal contaminated soil by using earthworm-plant coupling according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: the soil remediation system comprises a to-be-remediated soil pretreatment system 1, a remediation preparation system 2, a plant planting and transplanting system 3, an earthworm seedling throwing system 4, a central control system 5, a liquid topdressing system 6, a contaminated soil remediation system 7 and a harmless treatment system 8.
The soil pretreatment system 1 to be repaired is connected with the central control system 5 and is used for removing weeds and shrubs from selected heavy metal contaminated soil to be repaired through a soil pretreatment device, applying enough decomposed organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers at late autumn and early winter, deeply ploughing for 35-55 cm, weathering the soil, freezing overwintering pests, thoroughly ploughing the soil and harrowing the soil;
the restoration preparation system 2 is connected with the central control system 5 and used for applying biochar-based fertilizer to the heavy metal contaminated soil to be restored through fertilizing equipment, uniformly mixing and aging for 20-30 days;
the plant planting and transplanting system 3 is connected with the central control system 5 and is used for planting terrestrial and/or aquatic heavy metal super-accumulation plants suitable for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation and transplanting woody fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willow trees with the capability of enriching heavy metals;
the earthworm seedling throwing system 4 is connected with the central control system 5 and is used for throwing the cultivated earthworm seedlings to soil through a throwing device to form an earthworm-plant coupling restoration system, wherein the earthworms adopt Eisenia foetida;
the central control system 5 is connected with the soil pretreatment system 1 to be repaired, the repair preparation system 2, the plant planting and transplanting system 3, the earthworm seedling putting system 4, the liquid top dressing system 6, the contaminated soil repair system 7 and the innocent treatment system 8, and is used for controlling the normal operation of each system of the system for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing the earthworm-plant coupling through a central processing unit;
the liquid topdressing system 6 is connected with the central control system 5 and is used for applying environment-friendly enzyme which can activate heavy metals, promote plant growth and improve the habitat conditions of earthworms as liquid topdressing in daily life through the topdressing device;
the contaminated soil remediation system 7 is connected with the central control system 5 and is used for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil through the constructed earthworm-plant coupling remediation system;
and the harmless treatment system 8 is connected with the central control system 5 and is used for incinerating the harvested plants and the captured earthworms through harmless treatment equipment, then solidifying and burying the plants and the captured earthworms for harmless treatment, and removing the willow integrally after one period is finished, wherein one period is 10-12 months.
The plant planting and transplanting system in the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the transplanting unit is used for transplanting annual woody fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willow seedlings with the capability of enriching heavy metals in an interlaced hole planting mode;
the planting unit is used for irrigating and thoroughly watering the transplanted nursery stock, so that the root system of the nursery stock is more tightly combined with the soil;
and the top dressing unit is used for ditching and top dressing the nursery stock and properly irrigating in combination with weather.
The earthworm seedling throwing system in the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the soil treatment unit is used for applying enough organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers to the soil, thoroughly ploughing and harrowing the soil and irrigating and moistening the soil;
the putting unit is used for uniformly scattering the earthworm seedlings on the surface of the treated soil, and the earthworm seedlings are drilled into the soil;
the maintenance unit is used for sprinkling water to the soil according to weather conditions and covering straws for moisturizing;
and the recovery unit is used for forming a low-voltage electric field in an electric field driving mode after the heavy metal pollutants in the soil are absorbed, converted and accumulated by plants and earthworms, and the earthworms automatically drill out of the ground and then capture and collect the heavy metal pollutants.
The innocent treatment system in the embodiment of the invention comprises:
a mixing and stirring unit for burning the harvested plants and the captured earthworms, adding water, and stirring and mixing to form mortar;
the mortar treatment unit is used for carrying out aeration and concentration treatment on mortar;
the pH value adjusting unit is used for adjusting the pH value of the treated mortar and adjusting the pH value of the mortar to be neutral;
and the settling system is used for settling mortar in the drainage pool, extracting and drying the sediment, and performing landfill treatment on the dried sediment.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using earthworm-plant coupling provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, removing weeds and shrubs from selected heavy metal contaminated soil to be repaired by using a soil pretreatment device through a soil pretreatment system to be repaired, applying enough decomposed organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers at late autumn and early winter, deeply ploughing for 35-55 cm to enable the soil to be weathered, freezing overwintering pests, thoroughly ploughing the soil and raking up the soil;
s102, applying a biochar-based fertilizer into the heavy metal contaminated soil to be repaired by using a fertilizing device through a repair preparation system, uniformly mixing, and aging for 20-30 days;
s103, planting terrestrial and/or aquatic heavy metal super-accumulation plants suitable for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation through a plant planting and transplanting system, and transplanting woody fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willows with the capability of enriching heavy metals;
s104, putting the cultivated earthworm seedlings into soil by using a putting device through an earthworm seedling putting system to form an earthworm-plant coupling restoration system, wherein the earthworms adopt Eisenia foetida;
s105, controlling the normal operation of each system of the system for restoring the heavy metal polluted soil by utilizing the earthworm-plant coupling through a central control system by utilizing a central processing unit;
s106, applying an environment-friendly enzyme which can activate heavy metals, promote plant growth and improve the habitat conditions of the earthworms as liquid topdressing by using a topdressing device in a daily manner through a liquid topdressing system;
s107, restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the constructed earthworm-plant coupling restoration system through the contaminated soil restoration system;
s108, incinerating the harvested plants and the captured earthworms by using harmless treatment equipment through a harmless treatment system, solidifying, burying and harmlessly treating, and removing the whole willow after one period is finished, wherein 10-12 months are taken as one period.
In step S102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the biochar-based fertilizer includes: 30-45 parts of biochar, 25-30 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of nitric acid, 7-11 parts of citric acid, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate and 4-6 parts of plant ash.
As shown in fig. 3, the preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s201, carbonizing willow waste to obtain an organic carbon product, and drying and crushing the organic carbon product at 80-90 ℃; putting the mixture into a charcoal furnace for pyrolysis at 450-500 ℃, and cooling to room temperature for later use;
s202, mixing the product obtained in the step S201 with dilute nitric acid with the mass fraction of 5%, then carrying out acid washing for 1-3 h, then washing with deionized water to be neutral, filtering, drying, cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving to obtain biochar;
s203, respectively weighing biochar, urea, nitric acid, citric acid, diammonium phosphate and plant ash according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, granulating the reaction mixture to obtain the biochar-based fertilizer, and bagging for later use.
In step S103, the terrestrial super-accumulation plant is at least one of ciliate desert-grass, castor-oil plant, sedum alfredii hance, grain amaranth, Thalasia repens and elsholtzia haichowensis, and the aquatic super-accumulation plant is at least one of leek, canna, pinus vane, watercress and swamp cabbage.
As shown in fig. 4, in step S103, the method for transplanting woody fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willow trees with heavy metal enrichment capacity by using a plant planting and transplanting system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s301, when the average temperature of the unfrozen soil in spring reaches more than 10 ℃, transplanting annual woody fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willow seedlings with the capacity of enriching heavy metals in an interlaced hole planting mode;
s302, digging holes and planting; after transplanting, irrigating once to enable the root system of the nursery stock to be tightly combined with the soil, immediately cultivating a layer of thin soil after irrigating, and watering in time;
s303, digging a semilunar ditch 20-30 cm away from the nursery stock in the last ten days of 5 months, and applying additional fertilizer according to the amount of 15kg of urea and 25kg of calcium superphosphate per mu; increasing the fertilizing amount from the middle and last ten days of 6 months to the bottom of 8 months, and properly irrigating in combination with the weather.
The row spacing of transplanting provided by the embodiment of the invention is 2-3 m, and the plant spacing is 1-1.5 m; the hole diameter of the digging and field planting is 0.50-0.65 m, and the hole depth is 0.45-0.65 m.
As shown in fig. 5, in step S104, the method for releasing the raised earthworm seedlings into the soil by the earthworm seedling releasing system through the releasing device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s401, when the temperature reaches above 15 ℃ in spring, applying enough organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers, thoroughly ploughing and raking up the land, irrigating and moistening the soil, and introducing Eisenia foetida for a soil remediation process;
s402, watering at least once every day in summer high-temperature weather during restoration, covering straws for moisturizing, and watering once in 4-5 days in spring and autumn;
and S403, after the heavy metal pollutants in the soil are absorbed, converted and accumulated by the plants and the earthworms, forming a low-voltage electric field in an electric field driving mode, and automatically drilling the earthworms out of the ground to capture and collect the heavy metal pollutants.
As shown in fig. 6, in step S108 in the embodiment of the present invention, the post-incineration, curing, landfill and harmless treatment specifically includes:
s501, burning the harvested plants and the captured earthworms, mixing the burned plants and tap water or recycled water in a ratio of 1: 2-1: 20, and stirring the mixture strongly to form mortar;
s502, adding pressurized air into mortar, aerating from the bottom of a washing tank to form sufficient stirring to dissolve soluble salt in fly ash, stopping stirring, precipitating, and discharging supernatant to a drainage tank;
s503, concentrating the mortar with the water content of more than 90% until the water content is reduced to 70% -90%, and discharging the supernatant to the drainage pool;
s504, filling CO 2 or acid into the drainage pool to enable the strong-alkaline supernatant with the pH value of 11-12 to become a neutral water body with the pH value of 6.0-8.5; then adding a flocculating agent to accelerate the precipitation process;
and S505, extracting and drying the precipitate, and performing landfill treatment on the dried precipitate.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing the earthworm-plant coupling is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
removing weeds and shrubs from the selected heavy metal contaminated soil to be repaired by using a soil pretreatment device, applying enough decomposed organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers at late autumn and early winter, deeply ploughing for 35-55 cm to enable the soil to be weathered, freezing overwintering pests, and thoroughly ploughing and raking up the soil;
applying a biochar-based fertilizer into the heavy metal contaminated soil to be repaired by using fertilizing equipment, uniformly mixing, and aging for 20-30 days;
planting terrestrial and/or aquatic heavy metal super-accumulation plants suitable for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation, and transplanting woody fast-growing trees such as mulberry trees and willows with the capability of enriching heavy metals; transplanting annual tree fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willow seedlings with the capacity of enriching heavy metals in an interlaced hole planting mode when the average temperature of the unfrozen soil in spring reaches over 10 ℃; digging holes and planting; after transplanting, irrigating once to enable the root system of the nursery stock to be tightly combined with the soil, immediately cultivating a layer of thin soil after irrigating, and watering in time; in the last ten days of 5 months, digging semilunar ditches 20-30 cm away from the nursery stock, and applying additional fertilizer according to the amount of 15kg of urea and 25kg of calcium superphosphate per mu; increasing fertilizing amount from the middle and last ten days of 6 months to the bottom of 8 months, and properly irrigating in combination with weather;
the method comprises the following steps of putting cultivated earthworm seedlings into soil by using a putting device to form an earthworm-plant coupling restoration system, wherein earthworms adopt Eisenia foetida;
applying an environment-friendly ferment which can activate heavy metals, promote plant growth and improve the habitat conditions of the earthworms as liquid topdressing by using a topdressing device;
restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the constructed earthworm-plant coupling restoration system;
burning the harvested plants and the captured earthworms, mixing the burned plants and tap water or recycled water in a ratio of 1: 2-1: 20, and stirring the mixture strongly to form mortar;
adding pressurized air into the mortar, aerating from the bottom of the washing tank to form sufficient stirring to dissolve soluble salts in the fly ash, stopping stirring, precipitating, and discharging supernatant to a drainage tank;
concentrating the mortar with the water content of more than 90% until the water content is reduced to 70% -90%, and discharging the supernatant to the drainage pool;
filling CO into the drainage pool2Or acid, so that the strong alkaline supernatant with the pH value of 11-12 becomes a neutral water body with the pH value of 6.0-8.5; then adding a flocculating agent to accelerate the precipitation process;
extracting and drying the precipitate, and burying the dried precipitate;
and after one period is finished, removing the whole willow, and taking 10-12 months as one period.
2. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant coupling as recited in claim 1, wherein the biochar-based fertilizer comprises: 30-45 parts of biochar, 25-30 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of nitric acid, 7-11 parts of citric acid, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate and 4-6 parts of plant ash.
3. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant coupling as recited in claim 2, wherein the biochar-based fertilizer is prepared by:
(1) carbonizing willow waste to obtain an organic carbon product, and drying and crushing the organic carbon product at the temperature of 80-90 ℃; putting the mixture into a charcoal furnace for pyrolysis at 450-500 ℃, and cooling to room temperature for later use;
(2) mixing the product obtained in the step (1) with dilute nitric acid with the mass fraction of 5%, then carrying out acid washing for 1-3 h, then washing with deionized water to neutrality, filtering, drying, cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving to obtain biochar;
(3) respectively weighing biochar, urea, nitric acid, citric acid, diammonium phosphate and plant ash in parts by weight, uniformly mixing, granulating the reaction mixture to obtain the biochar-based fertilizer, and bagging for later use.
4. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant coupling as set forth in claim 1, wherein the terrestrial super-accumulating plant is at least one of ciliate desert-grass, castor-oil plant, sedum alfredii, amaranth, Thalassia and Elsholtzia splendens, and the aquatic super-accumulating plant is at least one of Leersia hexandra, canna, windmill grass, watercress and swamp cabbage.
5. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by using earthworm-plant coupling as recited in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the transplanting is 2-3 m, and the plant spacing is 1-1.5 m; the hole diameter of the digging and field planting is 0.50-0.65 m, and the hole depth is 0.45-0.65 m.
6. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant coupling as set forth in claim 1, wherein the method for delivering the cultured young earthworms to the soil using the delivery device by the young earthworm delivery system comprises:
(1) when the temperature reaches above 15 ℃ in spring, applying enough organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers, thoroughly ploughing and harrowing the soil, irrigating and moistening the soil, and introducing Eisenia foetida for a soil remediation process;
(2) in the restoration period, water is sprayed at least once every day in hot weather in summer, straws are covered for moisture preservation, and water is sprayed once in 4-5 days in spring and autumn;
(3) after the heavy metal pollutants in the soil are absorbed, converted and accumulated by plants and earthworms, a low-voltage electric field is formed by adopting an electric field driving mode, and the earthworms automatically drill out of the ground to capture and collect the heavy metal pollutants.
7. A system for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing earthworm-plant coupling is characterized by comprising the following components:
the soil pretreatment system to be repaired is connected with the central control system and is used for removing weeds and shrubs from the selected heavy metal contaminated soil to be repaired through the soil pretreatment device, applying enough decomposed organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers at late autumn and early winter, deeply ploughing for 35-55 cm to weather the soil, freezing the overwintering pests, and thoroughly ploughing and raking up the soil;
the restoration preparation system is connected with the central control system and used for applying biochar-based fertilizer to the heavy metal contaminated soil to be restored through fertilizing equipment, uniformly mixing and aging for 20-30 days;
the plant planting and transplanting system is connected with the central control system and is used for planting terrestrial and/or aquatic heavy metal super-accumulation plants suitable for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation and transplanting woody fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willows with the capability of enriching heavy metals;
the earthworm seedling throwing system is connected with the central control system and used for throwing the cultivated earthworm seedlings to soil through the throwing device to form an earthworm-plant coupling restoration system, wherein the earthworms adopt Eisenia foetida;
the central control system is connected with the soil pretreatment system to be repaired, the repair preparation system, the plant planting and transplanting system, the earthworm seedling putting system, the liquid topdressing system, the contaminated soil repair system and the innocent treatment system and is used for controlling the normal operation of each system of the system for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing earthworm-plant coupling through a central processing unit;
the liquid topdressing system is connected with the central control system and is used for applying environment-friendly ferment which can activate heavy metal, promote plant growth and improve the habitat condition of the earthworms as liquid topdressing in daily life through the topdressing device;
the contaminated soil remediation system is connected with the central control system and is used for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil through the constructed earthworm-plant coupling remediation system;
and the harmless treatment system is connected with the central control system and is used for incinerating the harvested plants and the captured earthworms through harmless treatment equipment, then solidifying and burying the plants and the captured earthworms for harmless treatment, and removing the willow integrally after one period is finished, wherein one period is 10-12 months.
8. The system for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant coupling as set forth in claim 7, wherein the plant growing and transplanting system comprises:
the transplanting unit is used for transplanting annual woody fast-growing trees, mulberry trees and willow seedlings with the capability of enriching heavy metals in an interlaced hole planting mode;
the planting unit is used for irrigating and thoroughly watering the transplanted nursery stock, so that the root system of the nursery stock is more tightly combined with the soil;
and the top dressing unit is used for ditching and top dressing the nursery stock and properly irrigating in combination with weather.
9. The system for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant coupling as recited in claim 7, wherein the earthworm seedling delivery system comprises:
the soil treatment unit is used for applying enough organic agricultural and miscellaneous fertilizers to the soil, thoroughly ploughing and harrowing the soil and irrigating and moistening the soil;
the putting unit is used for uniformly scattering the earthworm seedlings on the surface of the treated soil, and the earthworm seedlings are drilled into the soil;
the maintenance unit is used for sprinkling water to the soil according to weather conditions and covering straws for moisturizing;
and the recovery unit is used for forming a low-voltage electric field in an electric field driving mode after the heavy metal pollutants in the soil are absorbed, converted and accumulated by plants and earthworms, and the earthworms automatically drill out of the ground and then capture and collect the heavy metal pollutants.
10. The system for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant coupling as set forth in claim 7, wherein the innocent treatment system comprises:
a mixing and stirring unit for burning the harvested plants and the captured earthworms, adding water, and stirring and mixing to form mortar;
the mortar treatment unit is used for carrying out aeration and concentration treatment on mortar;
the pH value adjusting unit is used for adjusting the pH value of the treated mortar and adjusting the pH value of the mortar to be neutral;
and the settling system is used for settling mortar in the drainage pool, extracting and drying the sediment, and performing landfill treatment on the dried sediment.
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Application publication date: 20210309 |