CN114425558A - Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling - Google Patents
Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling Download PDFInfo
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- CN114425558A CN114425558A CN202210074371.9A CN202210074371A CN114425558A CN 114425558 A CN114425558 A CN 114425558A CN 202210074371 A CN202210074371 A CN 202210074371A CN 114425558 A CN114425558 A CN 114425558A
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and discloses a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling, which comprises the steps of collecting a sample of the soil to be remediated, detecting the collected soil sample, and determining the content of heavy metal in the soil sample; preparing biochar, and selecting earthworm varieties and repairing plants; determining the using amount of the biochar and the putting amount of the earthworms based on the detection result of the soil sample; uniformly spreading the prepared biochar on the surface of the pretreated soil based on the determined using amount of the biochar, and ploughing and uniformly mixing; putting the earthworms cultured in advance into the ploughed soil based on the determined putting amount of the earthworms; planting the restoration plants in the soil for putting the earthworms, and applying the organic fertilizer again; by carrying out field management on plants and earthworms, the invention can effectively repair the soil polluted by heavy metals, improve the quality of the soil, and has high repair efficiency and good repair effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling.
Background
At present, heavy metals are used as main pollution sources in soil and can enter forest land ecosystems through various channels such as coal combustion, mining area mining, chemical engineering and the like.
Heavy metal pollution cannot be degraded, has great influence on ecological environment and food safety, and causes great harm to human health and the like after human accumulation. Heavy metals can harm the human body through various ways such as direct ingestion, skin contact, absorption and the like. Furthermore, heavy metal contamination is covert, persistent and irreversible. The soil heavy metal pollution not only deteriorates the soil property and reduces the vegetation, but also directly threatens the survival and the multiplication of soil animals, so that the soil substance circulation and the energy conversion are seriously influenced.
In the prior art, although earthworms are used for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, the repairing efficiency is low and the repairing effect is poor.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: in the prior art, although earthworms are used for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, the repairing efficiency is low and the repairing effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling comprises the following steps:
collecting a sample of soil to be restored, detecting the collected soil sample, and determining the content of heavy metals in the soil sample;
step two, preparing a biochar matrix, and selecting earthworm varieties and repair plants; determining the usage amount of the biochar matrix and the putting amount of the earthworms based on the detection result of the soil sample;
step three, uniformly spreading the prepared biochar substrate on the surface of the pretreated soil based on the determined dosage of the biochar substrate, and ploughing and uniformly mixing;
step four, putting the earthworms cultured in advance into the ploughed soil based on the determined putting amount of the earthworms; planting the determined restoration plants in the soil for putting the earthworms, and applying the organic fertilizer again; carrying out field management on plants and earthworms;
and fifthly, continuously planting the restoration plants for 2-3 periods, and applying the biochar substrate at the initial stage of each planting period.
Further, the pretreatment of the soil to be remediated comprises:
firstly, harrowing the surface of soil to be restored, and removing stones and other impurities to obtain smooth soil;
secondly, preparing an organic fertilizer, namely spreading the prepared organic fertilizer on the surface of the soil, and ploughing to fully mix the organic fertilizer and the soil;
finally, raking the soil surface again to obtain the pretreated soil to be repaired.
Further, the preparation method of the biochar substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) carbonizing the waste branches to obtain an organic carbon product, and putting the organic carbon product into a biological carbon furnace for pyrolysis after drying and crushing;
(2) cooling to room temperature after pyrolysis, then carrying out acid washing, washing with deionized water to neutrality, filtering, drying, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(3) adding a soil conditioner, stirring and mixing, grinding and sieving by a sieve of 80-120 meshes after mixing to obtain the biochar matrix.
Further, the drying temperature of the organic carbon product in the step (1) is 80-90 ℃, and the pyrolysis temperature is 500-550 ℃.
Further, dilute hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 15% and dilute nitric acid with the mass fraction of 8% are adopted for acid washing in the step (2), and the volume ratio of the dilute hydrochloric acid to the dilute nitric acid is 1.5-3: 1, mixing the components.
Further, the earthworm is Eisenia foetida.
Further, the preparation of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
weighing corn straws, shrimp shells, animal wastes, pyroligneous liquor, nitrogen-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and microbial agent according to a proportion; removing impurities from the weighed corn straws and shrimp shells, cleaning, and drying;
crushing the dried corn straws and the dried shrimp shells, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; adding wood vinegar, a microbial agent and animal manure into the mixture for fermentation;
and (4) uniformly mixing the fermentation product with the nitrogen-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, and sterilizing to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Furthermore, the corn straw, the shrimp shell, the animal manure, the pyroligneous liquor, the nitrogen magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the microbial agent are respectively 20-25 parts, 10-15 parts and 5-8 parts by weight.
Further, the fermentation comprises anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation.
Further, the detecting the collected soil sample comprises:
drying and crushing the collected soil sample to obtain soil powder; preparing standard solutions of different heavy metals in advance;
adding the soil powder into deionized water, uniformly oscillating by ultrasonic waves, centrifuging, filtering, and keeping supernatant;
acquiring the fluorescence chromatogram of the standard solutions of different heavy metals, and acquiring the X-ray fluorescence spectrum of the supernatant; and comparing to obtain the heavy metal elements and the content thereof in the soil sample.
Further, the pulverizing comprises: sieving with 80-100 mesh sieve.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the method is based on the coupling of plants, earthworms and nano zero-valent iron, can effectively repair the soil polluted by heavy metals, improves the quality of the soil, and has high repair efficiency and good repair effect. The method can effectively repair the heavy metal contaminated soil, improve the quality of the soil, and has high repair efficiency and good repair effect.
According to the invention, soil ecological engineers earthworm, plant and resource utilization biochar are combined, the biochar can promote the fixing effect of the earthworm on heavy metal, the earthworm movement influences the structural stability of soil aggregate and the substance circulation of nutrient elements, so that the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of soil are improved, and the soil quality is improved, therefore, the resource utilization biochar mediated earthworm-plant coupling has high efficiency of farmland heavy metal remediation and good remediation effect in the aspects of cost, benefit, difficulty in implementation, sustainable development and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for pretreating soil to be remediated provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for preparing nano zero-valent iron according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a method for preparing organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method for testing a collected soil sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101, collecting a sample of soil to be restored, detecting the collected soil sample, and determining the content of heavy metal in the soil sample;
s102, preparing a charcoal matrix, and selecting earthworm varieties and repair plants; determining the dosage of the biochar substrate and the dosage of earthworms based on the detection result of the soil sample;
s103, uniformly spreading the prepared biochar substrate on the surface of the pretreated soil based on the determined dosage of the biochar substrate, and ploughing and uniformly mixing;
s104, putting the earthworms cultured in advance into the ploughed soil based on the determined putting amount of the earthworms; planting the determined restoration plants in the soil for putting the earthworms, and applying the organic fertilizer again; carrying out field management on plants and earthworms;
and S105, continuously planting the restoration plants for 2-3 periods, and applying a biochar matrix at the initial stage of each planting period.
As shown in fig. 2, the pretreatment of the soil to be remediated provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s201, harrowing the surface of the soil to be restored, and removing stones and other impurities to obtain smooth soil;
s202, preparing an organic fertilizer, namely scattering the prepared organic fertilizer on the surface of soil, and turning over to fully mix the organic fertilizer with the soil;
s203, raking the soil surface again to obtain the pretreated soil to be repaired.
As shown in fig. 3, the preparation of nano zero-valent iron according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s301, carbonizing the waste branches to obtain an organic carbon product, and putting the organic carbon product into a charcoal furnace for pyrolysis after drying and crushing;
s302, cooling to room temperature after pyrolysis is finished, then carrying out acid washing, washing to be neutral by using deionized water, filtering, drying, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
s303, adding the soil conditioner, stirring and mixing, grinding and sieving with a sieve of 80-120 meshes after mixing to obtain the biochar substrate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the drying temperature of the organic carbon product in the step S301 is 80-90 ℃, and the pyrolysis temperature is 500-550 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, dilute hydrochloric acid with a mass fraction of 15% and dilute nitric acid with a mass fraction of 8% are adopted for acid washing in the step S302, and the volume ratio of the dilute hydrochloric acid to the dilute nitric acid is 1.5-3: 1, mixing the components.
The earthworm provided by the embodiment of the invention is Eisenia fetida.
As shown in fig. 4, the preparation of the organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s401, weighing corn straws, shrimp shells, animal wastes, pyroligneous liquor, nitrogen magnesium phosphate fertilizer and microbial inoculum according to a proportion; removing impurities from the weighed corn straws and shrimp shells, cleaning and drying;
s402, crushing the dried corn straws and the dried shrimp shells, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; adding wood vinegar, a microbial agent and animal manure into the mixture for fermentation;
and S403, uniformly mixing the fermentation product with the nitrogen-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, and sterilizing to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The corn straw, the shrimp shell, the animal manure, the pyroligneous liquor, the nitrogen magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the microbial agent provided by the embodiment of the invention are respectively 20-25 parts, 10-15 parts and 5-8 parts by weight.
The fermentation provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation.
As shown in fig. 5, the detecting of the collected soil sample provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s501, drying and crushing the collected soil sample to obtain soil powder; preparing standard solutions of different heavy metals in advance;
s502, adding the soil powder into deionized water, uniformly performing ultrasonic oscillation, centrifuging, filtering, and keeping a supernatant;
s503, acquiring the fluorescence chromatograms of the standard solutions of different heavy metals, and acquiring the X-ray fluorescence spectrum of the supernatant; and comparing to obtain the heavy metal elements and the content thereof in the soil sample.
The crushing provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: sieving with 80-100 mesh sieve.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing the earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting a sample of soil to be restored, detecting the collected soil sample, and determining the content of heavy metals in the soil sample;
step two, preparing a biochar matrix, and selecting earthworm varieties and repair plants; determining the usage amount of the biochar matrix and the putting amount of the earthworms based on the detection result of the soil sample;
step three, uniformly spreading the prepared biochar substrate on the surface of the pretreated soil based on the determined dosage of the biochar substrate, and ploughing and uniformly mixing;
step four, putting the earthworms cultured in advance into the ploughed soil based on the determined putting amount of the earthworms; planting the determined restoration plants in the soil for putting the earthworms, and applying the organic fertilizer again; carrying out field management on plants and earthworms;
and fifthly, continuously planting the restoration plants for 2-3 periods, and applying the biochar substrate at the initial stage of each planting period.
2. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using the earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling as set forth in claim 1, wherein the pre-treating the soil to be remediated comprises:
firstly, harrowing the surface of soil to be restored, and removing stones and other impurities to obtain smooth soil;
secondly, preparing an organic fertilizer, namely spreading the prepared organic fertilizer on the surface of the soil, and ploughing to fully mix the organic fertilizer and the soil;
finally, raking the soil surface again to obtain the pretreated soil to be repaired.
3. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using the earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling as set forth in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the charcoal substrate comprises:
(1) carbonizing the waste branches to obtain an organic carbon product, and putting the organic carbon product into a biological carbon furnace for pyrolysis after drying and crushing;
(2) cooling to room temperature after pyrolysis, then carrying out acid washing, washing with deionized water to neutrality, filtering, drying, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(3) adding a soil conditioner, stirring and mixing, grinding and sieving by a sieve of 80-120 meshes after mixing to obtain the biochar matrix.
4. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling as claimed in claim 3, wherein the drying temperature of the organic charcoal product in the step (1) is 80-90 ℃ and the pyrolysis temperature is 500-550 ℃.
5. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling as set forth in claim 3, wherein the acid washing in the step (2) is performed by using 15% by mass of dilute hydrochloric acid and 8% by mass of dilute nitric acid in a volume ratio of 1.5-3: 1, mixing the components.
6. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparing organic fertilizer comprises:
weighing corn straws, shrimp shells, animal wastes, pyroligneous liquor, nitrogen-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and microbial agent according to a proportion; removing impurities from the weighed corn straws and shrimp shells, cleaning and drying;
crushing the dried corn straws and the dried shrimp shells, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; adding wood vinegar, a microbial agent and animal manure into the mixture for fermentation;
and (4) uniformly mixing the fermentation product with the nitrogen-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, and sterilizing to obtain the organic fertilizer.
7. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by using earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass parts of the corn stalk, the shrimp shell, the animal waste, the wood vinegar, the nitrogen magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the microbial agent are 20-25 parts, 10-15 parts and 5-8 parts, respectively.
8. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fermentation comprises anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation.
9. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling as set forth in claim 1, wherein the detecting the collected soil sample comprises:
drying and crushing the collected soil sample to obtain soil powder; preparing standard solutions of different heavy metals in advance;
adding the soil powder into deionized water, uniformly oscillating by ultrasonic waves, centrifuging, filtering, and keeping supernatant;
acquiring the fluorescence chromatogram of the standard solutions of different heavy metals, and acquiring the X-ray fluorescence spectrum of the supernatant; and comparing to obtain the heavy metal elements and the content thereof in the soil sample.
10. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using earthworm-plant-charcoal coupling as set forth in claim 9, wherein the comminuting comprises: sieving with 80-100 mesh sieve.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115338242A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-15 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for repairing polluted soil by applying wormcast and probiotics in matched manner |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105127187A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-09 | 河南行知专利服务有限公司 | Method for animal and plant-biochar synergistically restoring of petroleum-heavy metal polluted soil |
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