CN106734075A - A kind of ecological restoring method of tailings - Google Patents
A kind of ecological restoring method of tailings Download PDFInfo
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- CN106734075A CN106734075A CN201611153806.XA CN201611153806A CN106734075A CN 106734075 A CN106734075 A CN 106734075A CN 201611153806 A CN201611153806 A CN 201611153806A CN 106734075 A CN106734075 A CN 106734075A
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- Prior art keywords
- tailings
- hybrid giant
- giant napier
- heavy metal
- safety net
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ecological restoring method of tailings,Mainly first mixed with the tailings on top layer using biological organic fertilizer,Then by the cuttage of hybrid giant napier stem section on the tailings of top layer,Then again in one layer of tailings upper berth safety net,The municipal sludge of heavy metal stabilizer is mixed with one layer of safety net upper berth again,By municipal sludge by way of indirect utilization,Leaching sludge leachates out are used for the growth of hybrid giant napier on tailings,Hybrid giant napier can be promoted to grow,Planting hybrid giant napier on tailings using the method for the invention can not only realize that tailings quick-speed plant recovers,Effectively prevent soil erosion and the airborne dust in tailings storehouse,The secondary pollution of tailings can be avoided,And the root system of hybrid giant napier being capable of stabilizing heavy metal,The effectively migration and diffusion of control heavy metal,Simultaneously,Plant recovery can reduce the heavy metal bio-available Zn concentration of tailings,Reduce heavy metal activity,Effective remediating heavy metal tailings storehouse.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing technology field of tailings, and in particular to a kind of ecological restoring method of tailings.
Background technology
Disused tailing land does not only take up a large amount of soils as one kind of Mining Wasteland, while the vegetation of large area and scape
Sight wrecks, and causes a large amount of loss of species, and bio-diversity falls sharply, ecosystem degradation.In addition, contain in mine tailing largely having
Malicious harmful substance, such as heavy metal, easily pollute Soil Surrounding, water body under the effect such as water erosion, drip washing, runoff, and in mine tailing
Tailings is also easily eroded, and causes dust pollution.Therefore, ecological recovery is carried out to Disused tailing land, controls it to surrounding enviroment
Pollution turned into one of focus of current research.Disused tailing land ecological recovery is crucial with plant recovery, but due to mine tailing
Discarded ground content of beary metal is high, macronutrient (such as N, P) lacks, the soil structure of extreme difference, limits plant in mine tailing
It is discarded to settle down on the ground, grow.Therefore, there is scholar to propose to use human assistance measure, modifying agent is added in mine tailing, while plantation
Tolerant plant, sets up without native re-vegetation recovery technology, to stablize Tailings Dam, improve landscape, control pollution.This method has
Small investment, do not destroy treatment of the earth, do not cause secondary pollution, it is economic and environment-friendly the advantages of, it has also become it is a kind of reliable, comparatively safe
, environment-friendly recovery technique, with good application prospect, but the technology mostly rests on laboratory research at present,
Engineering mimoir is less, therefore needs a set of available soil matrix improvement-technology for recovering vegetation system of engineering of research badly, is mine tailing
The Ecological Restoration Works in storehouse provide reference and guidance.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of ecological restoring method of tailings.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：
A kind of ecological restoring method of tailings, comprises the following steps：
S1：Biological organic fertilizer is taken to be sufficiently mixed with the tailings on top layer；
S2：Hybrid giant napier stem section is chosen, arow cuttage enters to be mixed with the tailings top layer of biological organic fertilizer, and part stem section is exposed
The surface of tailings；
S3：Tile layer 2-3 safety net between each column hybrid giant napier；
S4：Heavy metal stabilizer and municipal sludge are taken, is mixed, obtain mixing sludge；
S5：Mixing sludge is layed on safety net；
S6：Maintenance hybrid giant napier.
Some preferred embodiment in, in the S1 biological organic fertilizer account for the volume fraction of the tailings on top layer >=
10%.
In further preferred embodiment, the biological organic fertilizer be plant refuse compost maturity obtain it is organic
Remaining material residue after fertilizer, or culture edible mushroom.
Some preferred embodiment in, the thickness of the mixing sludge being layed on safety net is 15-25cm.
In the further preferred embodiment of such scheme, the cutting density of hybrid giant napier is controlled to 8-12 plants/m2。
In the further preferred embodiment of such scheme, the safety net is close mesh safety net or 6 pin sunshade nets.
In the further preferred embodiment of such scheme, the S6 also includes S7：When hybrid giant napier is highly more than 2m
When, carry out cradling hybrid giant napier, two sections are at least left for continued growth.
In the further preferred embodiment of such scheme, S8 is also included after the S7：Received by the safety net
Return municipal sludge.
In the further preferred embodiment of such scheme, heavy metal stabilizer accounts for the matter of mixing sludge in the S4
Amount fraction is 1-3%.
In the further preferred embodiment of such scheme, the heavy metal stabilizer is quick lime or sepiolite.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The invention provides a kind of ecological restoring method of tailings, mainly using biological organic fertilizer first with the tailings on top layer
Mixing, then by the cuttage of hybrid giant napier stem section on the tailings of top layer, then again in one layer of tailings upper berth safety net, then on safety net
One layer of paving is mixed with the municipal sludge of heavy metal stabilizer.Hybrid giant napier, also known as hybrid Chinese pennisetum, are perennial grass,
Formed by napier grass and American pennisetum alopecuroides selection cross, belong to C4 plants.With strong adaptability, stooling is strong, growth is fast, yield is high,
It is nutritious, the features such as can harvest for many years, be often used as feeding the main ensilage of the plant-eating animals such as ox, sheep, rabbit, go back quilt
It is widely used in the fields such as papermaking, food, is excellent fast-growing, high yield paper industry raw material, is now also gradually developed as new
Bioenergy plant and receive much concern, high-quality charcoal, fermentation methane production etc. can be produced.Tailings contains heavy metal, and nutrition lacks
It is weary, hybrid giant napier is directly planted on tailings, hybrid giant napier is difficult to grow.
Municipal sludge refers to the excess sludge of municipal sewage plant's discharge, because wherein containing heavy metal, be there is no at present
Good treatment and mode is recycled, sewage treatment plant is typically for municipal sludge to be sent to refuse landfill and carries out landfill disposal,
Municipal sludge is typically rich in N, P, organic matter, and after the present invention mixes it with heavy metal stabilizer, then it is laid on safety net
On, the nutriment needed for can providing growth and breeding to hybrid giant napier can promote hybrid giant napier to grow the biology for improving hybrid giant napier
Amount, strengthens the resistance of hybrid giant napier.By municipal sludge by way of indirect utilization, leaching sludge leachates out are used for
The growth of hybrid giant napier on tailings, can not only turn waste into wealth, while promoting hybrid giant napier growth, produce ecology, environment, society, warp
Ji benefit.
Planting hybrid giant napier on tailings using the method for the invention can not only realize that tailings quick-speed plant recovers, effectively
Prevent soil erosion and the airborne dust in tailings storehouse, the secondary pollution of tailings, and the root system of hybrid giant napier can be avoided to stablize
Heavy metal, the effectively migration and diffusion of control heavy metal, meanwhile, the heavy metal available state that plant recovery can reduce tailings contains
Amount, reduces heavy metal activity, effective remediating heavy metal tailings storehouse.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：
This experiment is using persimmon bamboo plantation tailings of lead-zinc ore (tailings 1), western Hunan Huayuan County tailings of lead-zinc ore (tailings 2) and Chenzhou king
Celestial ridge tailings (tailings 3) is carried out, wherein, Pb, Cd content exceed standard of soil environment quality grade III Standard (to protect in tailings 1
The soil phosphorus forms of barrier agricultural and forestry production and plant normal growth), content is respectively 400mg/kg, 2mg/kg, belongs to slight pollution；Tail
Zn, Pb, Cd content exceed well over grade III Standard in sand 2 and tailings 3, wherein, Zn, Pb, Cd content are respectively in tailings 2
1800mg/kg, 750mg/kg, 40mg/kg, Zn, Pb, Cd content are respectively 5400mg/kg, 2000mg/kg, 84mg/ in tailings 3
Kg, belongs to serious pollution.
Sturdy more consistent hybrid giant napier old stem is chosen, 2 stem segments are mitered into, by hybrid giant napier stem section cuttage in tailings
In, per m28 plants of cuttage, in a section embedment tailings, a section exposes tailings face.During plantation, pour suitable according to moisture in tailings
When water.Plantation after two months, cradles hybrid giant napier, but two sections must be stayed to allow its continued growth.In addition using agricultural land soil as right
According to, after planting 2 months respectively, survival rate, the plant height of hybrid giant napier are investigated, and cradled, biomass is surveyed, its result is listed in table 1.
Take plant sample and be analyzed measure, its result is listed in table 2.
The different content of beary metal cuttage hybrid giant napier growth indexes of table 1 and biomass
The different content of beary metal cuttage hybrid giant napier content of beary metal (mgkg of table 2-1DW)
As known from Table 1, in hybrid giant napier growth period, by hybrid giant napier stem section cuttage on tailings, in tailings without
Any modifying agent, hybrid giant napier survival rate, tiller number, plant height, biomass, blade SPAD values are significantly lower than cuttage in soil
In, and as the content of beary metal of tailings is raised, hybrid giant napier plant height, biomass, blade SPAD values decline, but unobvious.This
Show, hybrid giant napier is directly planted in tailings, though can survive, due to nutritional deficiency in tailings, and the structure of tailings is unfavorable
In plant growth, therefore growing way is poor compared with soil treatment, and its biomass is only 0.79-1.93gpot-1, to be planted in agricultural land soil
In 6.58-16.07%, and content of beary metal is not to limit the key factor that is grown on tailings of hybrid giant napier.Therefore, in tail
Energy-source plant hybrid giant napier is planted on sand, is effectively to realize the restoration of the ecosystem of tailings storehouse, tailings must improved, to improve tailings
Nutritional sufficiency in physical arrangement and guarantee tailings.
As known from Table 2, in four treatment hybrid giant napiers, except agricultural land soil plantation and the treatment of tailings 1 hybrid giant napier Pb, Cd content are equal
Outside less than national forage health standard (GB 13078-2001) limit value, tailings 2 and the treatment of tailings 3 hybrid giant napier Pb, Cd content are high
In national forage health standard, but less than organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-2012).
Embodiment 2：
This experiment is carried out using western Hunan Huayuan County tailings of lead-zinc ore, wherein, Zn, Pb, Cd content exceed well over soil in tailings
Earth environmental quality standards grade III Standard (to ensure the soil phosphorus forms of agricultural and forestry production and plant normal growth), content is respectively
1800mg/kg, 750mg/kg, 40mg/kg, belong to serious pollution.
Divide four groups to be tested：First group：Hybrid giant napier is planted using agricultural land soil cuttage；Second group：Take organic fertilizer
Thick tailings is sufficiently mixed with top layer 20cm, and the amount of biological organic fertilizer is 10% (volume fraction) of tailings.Choose sturdy compared with one
The hybrid giant napier old stem of cause, is mitered into 2 stem segments, by hybrid giant napier stem section cuttage in the tailings on top layer, per m28 plants of cuttage,
In one section embedment tailings, a section exposes tailings face；3rd group：Hybrid giant napier directly in column cuttage on tailings, in each column hybrid giant napier
Between tile 2 layers of safety net, the safety net is that 2000 mesh green polyester builds close mesh safety net or 6 pin sunshade nets, and city is dirty
Mud presses 100 with sepiolite powder:1 ratio is fully mixed, and mixed sludge is laid on safety net, and thickness is 15cm；4th
Group：Take the thick tailings of organic fertilizer and top layer 20cm to be sufficiently mixed, the amount of biological organic fertilizer is the 10% of tailings, then choose it is sturdy compared with
Consistent hybrid giant napier old stem, is mitered into 2 stem segments, by hybrid giant napier stem section cuttage in the tailings on top layer, per m2Cuttage 8
Strain, in a section embedment tailings, a section exposes tailings face, and tile 2 layers of safety net between each column hybrid giant napier, and the safety net is 2000
Mesh green polyester builds close mesh safety net or 6 pin sunshade nets, and municipal sludge and sepiolite powder are pressed into 100:1 mass ratio is fully mixed
It is even, mixed sludge is laid on safety net, thickness is 15cm；, during plantation, pour appropriate according to moisture in tailings
Water, plantation after two months, investigates the plant height of hybrid giant napier, determines blade SPAD values, and is cradled, and surveys biomass, its result row
In table 3.
The pot experiment hybrid giant napier growth indexes of table 3 and biomass
As known from Table 3, sludge is isolated by safety net, the 3rd group of sludge leaching leachates out flow into hybrid giant napier tail
Sand, is applied fertilizer indirectly using sludge, and the growing way of hybrid giant napier substantially compares than being directly mixed in the good of organic fertilizer in second group of tailings
Both four groups, simultaneously using poor, organic fertilizer and sludge are used simultaneously, can be obviously promoted hybrid giant napier growth, are planted two months
Afterwards, the 4th group of hybrid giant napier plant height reaches 165cm, and biomass reaches 51.75gpot-1, and SPAD values are up to 43.88, hence it is evident that better than
Two groups and the 3rd group.This shows that hybrid giant napier is planted on tailings, and fertilising is combined indirectly by organic fertilizer and sludge, can be more preferable
Ground promotes hybrid giant napier growth.
Embodiment 3：
Embodiment of the present invention experiment is carried out using western Hunan Huayuan County tailings of lead-zinc ore, wherein, Zn, Pb, Cd content in tailings
Standard of soil environment quality grade III Standard (to ensure the soil phosphorus forms of agricultural and forestry production and plant normal growth) is exceeded well over, is contained
Amount is respectively 1800mg/kg, 750mg/kg, 40mg/kg, belongs to serious pollution.
Experiment is 160m in the area of tailings storehouse one2Experimental field on carry out, will experimental field be divided into 3 areas for 6m × 5m
Cell, minizone interval 1m.Each cell is directly abundant by 15% (volume ratio) tailings thick with top layer 10cm by organic fertilizer
Mixing, after conserving 7-10 days, with seeding row spacing=60cm × 30cm cuttage hybrid giant napier old stems.Put down in each column hybrid giant napier spacing
2 layers of safety net of paving, quick lime are sufficiently mixed by 1% mass fraction with sludge, and mixed sludge is placed in into safety net
On, thickness about 15cm, about 45cm wide.Planting process does not apply any fertilizer, after plantation, (about 2-3 when hybrid giant napier is long high to 2m
Month), cradled, yield is surveyed, its result is listed in table 4.Take plant sample and tailings sample is analyzed measure, its result difference
It is listed in table 5 and table 6.Take sludge and be analyzed measure, its result is listed in table 7.
The field test hybrid giant napier growth indexes of table 4 and biomass
The field test hybrid giant napier heavy metal element of table 5 and nutritive element content (mgkg-1DW)
The field test tailings pH of table 6 and heavy metal DTPA extracts state content (mgkg-1DW)
Note：Data are average value.
Table every mu of ground of 7 half a year can accumulate the amount (kg) that sludge heavy-metal is input into tailings that reduces
Note：Data are average value；Numeral represents that every mu of ground of half a year can accumulate reduction Heavy Metals in Sludge input tail in bracket
The amount of sand accounts for raw sewage heavy metal
The ratio of content.
As known from Table 4, tailings is improved using organic fertilizer, and sludge is applied indirectly, hybrid giant napier plant height is reachable after planting 3 months
189.5cm, cradles once after every 3 months, and every mu of half a year of plantation is accumulative can to produce hybrid giant napier in terms of dry weight up to 1.90t mus -1, often
One ton of sludge for the treatment of can harvest dry 25.29kg, and yield is objective, and every mu of tailings can process fresh sludge 75.00t, can have
Imitate municipal sludge of dissolving.
Plant sample analysis result is determined and shown in table 5, and heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd content meet organic fertilizer in hybrid giant napier
Material standard (NY 525-2012), especially Pb contents, far below organic fertilizer standard limited value.And, applied indirectly using sludge,
The nutrient that hybrid giant napier is absorbed in tailings is obvious, and N, P, K content are all of a relatively high, and especially the content of K is up to 41.06g
kg-1(dry weight), N, P2O5、K2The total content of O is up to 8.68%, is suitable as organic fertilizer raw material, produces organic K fertilizer.
As known from Table 6, after plantation hybrid giant napier half a year, tailings pH and heavy metal DTPA extracts state content and is decreased obviously, especially
Its DTPA-Zn, 91.10% is up to than reduced rate before plantation, and DTPA-Pb, DTPA-Cd content before plantation respectively than reducing
41.32%th, 27.87%, tailings heavy metal activity is effectively reduced, so as to realize the restoration of the ecosystem of tailings storehouse.
Content of beary metal in sludge after reclaiming weighing sludge residue weight and analysis measure before processing, obtains result
As shown in table 7, as known from Table 7, every mu of ground of half a year can be accumulated to reduce sludge Zn, Pb, Cd and be input to the amount of tailings and be respectively
11.44kg, 1.41kg, 0.0445kg, account for 63.29%, 69.30%, the 80.06% of raw sewage respectively, i.e., dirty with directly administration
Mud compared to (during direct applying sludge causes that the heavy metal in sludge fully enters tailings), can reduce 63.29% respectively,
69.30%th, 80.06%, reduce input quantity obvious.
7 half a year of table, every mu of ground accumulation reduced the amount (kg) that sludge heavy-metal is input into tailings
Note：Data are average value；Numeral represents that every mu of ground of half a year can accumulate reduction Heavy Metals in Sludge input tail in bracket
The amount of sand accounts for raw sewage with much money
Belong to the ratio of content.
After planting plants half a year, when sludge is most dry taking sludge sample (before rainy season set) carries out moisture determination, as a result such as
Table 8, as shown by data in table 8, the sludge moisture content after treatment can be down to 170.21g/kg, and minimizing is up to 78.66%.
Field test sludge moisture content (the gkg of table 8-1DW)
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ecological restoring method of tailings, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1：Biological organic fertilizer is taken to be sufficiently mixed with the tailings on top layer；
S2：Hybrid giant napier stem section is chosen, arow cuttage enters to be mixed with the tailings top layer of biological organic fertilizer, and part stem section exposes tailings
Surface；
S3：Tile layer 2-3 safety net between each column hybrid giant napier；
S4：Heavy metal stabilizer and municipal sludge are taken, is mixed, obtain mixing sludge；
S5：Mixing sludge is layed on the safety net, the mixing sludge cannot pass through the safety net；
S6：Maintenance hybrid giant napier.
2. the ecological restoring method of tailings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that biological organic fertilizer accounts for table in the S1
Volume fraction >=10% of the tailings of layer.
3. the ecological restoring method of tailings according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the biological organic fertilizer is useless for plant
Remaining material residue after the organic fertilizer that gurry compost maturity is obtained, or culture edible mushroom.
4. the ecological restoring method of tailings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mixing being layed on safety net is dirty
The thickness of mud is 15-25cm.
5. the ecological restoring method of the tailings according to claim any one of 1-4, it is characterised in that the cuttage of hybrid giant napier is close
Degree is controlled to 8-12 plants/m2。
6. the ecological restoring method of the tailings according to claim any one of 1-4, it is characterised in that the safety net is close
Mesh safety net or 6 pin sunshade nets.
7. the ecological restoring method of the tailings according to claim any one of 1-4, it is characterised in that the S6 also includes
S7：When hybrid giant napier is highly more than 2m, carry out cradling hybrid giant napier, at least leave two sections for continued growth.
8. the ecological restoring method of the tailings according to any one of claim 7, it is characterised in that also include after the S7
S8：Municipal sludge is withdrawn by the safety net.
9. the ecological restoring method of the tailings according to claim any one of 1-4, it is characterised in that heavy metal in the S4
The mass fraction that stabilizer accounts for mixing sludge is 1-3%.
10. the ecological restoring method of the tailings according to claim any one of 1-4, it is characterised in that the heavy metal is steady
Agent is determined for quick lime or sepiolite.
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Application publication date: 20170531 |