CN103406350B - Method for remediating acid/heavy metal cadmium composite polluted soil by using Pennisetum hydridum - Google Patents
Method for remediating acid/heavy metal cadmium composite polluted soil by using Pennisetum hydridum Download PDFInfo
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- CN103406350B CN103406350B CN201310366501.7A CN201310366501A CN103406350B CN 103406350 B CN103406350 B CN 103406350B CN 201310366501 A CN201310366501 A CN 201310366501A CN 103406350 B CN103406350 B CN 103406350B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for remediating acid/heavy metal cadmium composite polluted soil by using Pennisetum hydridum. The method comprises the following steps: plowing polluted soil, and planting Pennisetum hydridum in low ridges from March, wherein irrigation and fertilizer application are performed or not performed in the complete growing season; and three months after planting, starting reaping the aerial part of Pennisetum hydridum once a month, incinerating the reaped substance by a conventional method, and extracting the heavy metal and fertilizer, thereby achieving the goal of remediating acid/heavy metal cadmium composite polluted soil. Pennisetum hydridum is a perennial herb; and by continuously planting the Pennisetum hydridum on the heavy metal cadmium polluted soil and continuously reaping the aerial part, the heavy metal cadmium in the soil is continuously extracted and transferred, and the pH value of the soil is changed until the soil achieves the environmental safety standard. The Pennisetum hydridum, which has the advantages of high biomass of the aerial part and developed root system, can absorb and fix abundant heavy metals, can retain water and protect soil, enhances the green level of the polluted area, and has favorable economic benefit, social benefit and ecological effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the recovery technique of Heavy Metals In Environment, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil.
Background technology
Farmland Soil Pollution has become one of key factor of restriction agricultural sustainable development and food security.Calendar year 2001, Guangxi autonomous region Maonan Autonomous County of Huanjiang suffers flood not seen once in a hundred years, cause the Beishan Mountain, the ore dressing plant solid waste in Ya Mai, Dou Chuan region flows into large ring river with flood, tailings and the diametan of about 0.8-1.0 ten thousand stere are washed into river course, cause riverine Luoyang, large peace and think grace three small towns along the river agricultural land soil suffer severe contamination.The material such as tailings of lead-zinc ore and diametan enters Project Areas soil and produces strong acidization, simultaneously with a series of serious ecological environment problem: soil acidification, heavy metallic poison, ferro-aluminum are poisoned, crop production reduction even has no harvest, assessing index, polluted underground water and surface water etc.This kind of land environmental issues threatens greatly to the life of local resident and healthy generation, and the larger Harmfulness analyse that grows to offspring.
The governance way of heavy-metal contaminated soil has two kinds: one is removed by pollutant, and another kind changes the existing forms of heavy metal in soil, makes it fix.Create different recovery techniques and measure around these two kinds of approach, mainly contain engineering measure, physics, chemical remediation technology, agronomy regulation measure etc.These methods respectively have its advantage, but it is comparatively large generally all to there is quantities, costly, easily cause secondary pollution and cause the ecological problems such as soil texture destruction and soil fertility degeneration.
Biological prosthetic is a kind of new method utilizing biotechnology pollution administration soil.At present, bioremediation technology mainly concentrates on plant and microorganism two aspect.Phytoremediation technology a kind ofly utilizes self-sow or heredity to cultivate plants the technology of restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.According to its mechanism and mechanism, the phytoremediation technology of heavy-metal contaminated soil can be divided into plant extract, phytovolatilization and plant stability 3 type.Plant extract, namely utilizes heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant to draw metal pollutant from soil, gathers in aerial part subsequently and focuses on, and this plant of plantation, reaches the object reducing or remove heavy metal pollution of soil continuously; In addition, some organic complexing agents also can improve plant heavy metal absorption to the biological effectiveness increasing heavy metal in soil is added.Phytovolatilization, its mechanism utilizes root system of plant to absorb metal, is translated into gaseous material and evaporate in air, to reduce soil pollution; Current this respect most study be metalloid element Hg and nonmetalloid Se.Plant stability, resistance to heavy metal plant or over-accumulated plant is utilized to reduce the activity of heavy metal, thus reduce heavy metal and be leached underground water or the possibility by the further contaminated environment of oxygen diffusion, its mechanism mainly absorbs the solidification strengthening heavy metal in soil at the accumulation of root, precipitation or root table by metal.
Hybrid giant napier (Pennisetum hydridum) is perennial grass, uprightly grows thickly, well developed root system, and plant is tall and big, has stronger tillering ability, and individual plant can be tillered 80-90 strain every year, can be rated as the emperor in grass.Hybrid giant napier plant height reaches 4-5 rice, long 9.15 centimetres of internode; There is 15-30 effective tillering, often save and give birth to 1 axillalry bud, and to be wrapped up by blade, blade alternate, long 60-132 centimetre, the wide 3-6 centimetre of blade, long 35 leaves of symbiosis in 8 months; Intensive panicle, long 20-30 centimetre, but in Temperate Region in China, how cultivation does not ear, and axillalry bud can only be utilized to carry out vegetative propagation.Hybrid giant napier requires tight to soil property, acidity, rough sand, viscosity, red soil and slight saline-alkali soil all can grow, and equal well-grown under the condition of Long term immersion or arid, plants output at south China and reach more than 300 tons/hectare.The present inventor finds in the research work being engaged in heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation, and hybrid giant napier strong stress resistance, biomass are large, WUEL is high, grows fine in acid and heavy metal cadmium soil, to reparation acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil Be very effective.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to: greatly, costly, easily cause the shortcomings such as soil texture destruction for existing quantities of repairing acid and the existence of heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil technical method, a kind of method utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil is provided.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of method utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil, hybrid giant napier is planted in the soil of acid and heavy metal cadmium combined pollution, utilize hybrid giant napier well developed root system, the upperground part biomass is large, the characteristic of energy absorption and accumulation heavy metal cadmium, absorbs heavy metal cadmium in soil and is also transferred to above-ground plant parts; After hybrid giant napier plants three months, monthly its upperground part biomass of periodical reaping, and ashing process, extract heavy metal; Because it is perennial plant, growth period, Second Year started without the need to repeating plantation again, and monthly its upperground part biomass of periodical reaping, and ashing process, until contaminated soil remediation is to environmental safety standard in the annual 4-11 month; Its concrete steps comprise:
1. wholely: turn at the beginning by acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil in last month of spring in winter, ploughed depth >=30cm, does not apply any fertilizer and additive, or carries out pH value process to combined contamination soil and discharge base manure;
2. plant seedling: annual spring ground moistening or overcast and rainy plantation, by the ditching of 75-85cm line-spacing, trench depth is 30cm, is buried by hybrid giant napier seedling in ditch, then returns soil and is covered by seedling, return native cladding thickness 15-25cm; Planting density 75-85cm × 45-55cm;
3. manage: plant time of infertility is without the need to irrigating and fertilising, or organic fertilizer post processing obtained or natural pond liquid monthly applied fertilizer once in growth period;
4. gather in: plant to November then after three months, monthly harvesting hybrid giant napier Aboveground Biomass of Young once; Second Year rises and repeats to gather in its Aboveground Biomass of Young growth period at hybrid giant napier, and hybrid giant napier planting process can continue to heavy metal in soil cadmium content and pH value reaches environmental safety standard;
5. post processing: monthly will gather in hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method, extracts heavy metal, obtains heavy metal cadmium and organic fertilizer product.
Above-described pH value process adopt lime, NaOH and potassium hydroxide more than one, every mu of polluted agricultural land addition lime is >=600kg, and NaOH and potassium hydroxide are >=300kg.
Above-described discharge base manure adopt silkworm excrement, natural pond slag, pig manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and chicken manure more than one, every mu of total consumption is 2000-2500kg.
Above-described is 2.0-3.1 by acid and its pH value of heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil, and heavy metal cadmium content is 0.32mg/kg ~ 1.40mg/kg.
Above-described harvesting Aboveground Biomass of Young refers to the hybrid giant napier plant that harvesting is ripe or look higher, does not comprise the plant that newly tillers.
Above-described organic fertilizer is applied to the fertilising of crops or hybrid giant napier plantation.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is advantageously:
1, plant hybrid giant napier of the present invention is perennial plant, and root system is more flourishing, strong stress resistance, and biomass is large, and rapidly, tillering propagation ability is strong in growth, once can repeat harvesting after plantation.
2, hybrid giant napier is high to WUEL, can water conservation soil conservation, stablizes earth's surface, grows fine in acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil, and the acid in energy constant absorption soil and heavy metal cadmium, until soil reaches National environment security standard.
3, according to a conventional method ashing carried out to hybrid giant napier and extract heavy metal process, obtaining rich water and heavy metal cadmium; Rich water is applied to crops or the fertilising as hybrid giant napier.
4, hybrid giant napier Cultivate administration is simple to operate, and quantities is little, is applicable to large-area engineering control, has good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
Being tested by hybrid giant napier in pH value is 3.0, and average heavy metal cadmium content is acid and the heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil of 0.68mg/kg.From in November, 2010, do not use any additive in soil, then play low ridge, plantation hybrid giant napier of turning over, complete plantation work on March 15th, 2011.Hybrid giant napier planting density specification is 80cm × 50cm.Growing period not fertigation, artificial removal's weeds in field, gathers in the crops in by the end of November, 2011 to.Hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method will be gathered in, extract heavy metal, obtain heavy metal cadmium and fertilizer.Once after results, hybrid giant napier is 0.09mg/kg to the purifying rate of heavy metal in soil cadmium; Because the present embodiment Cutting is only final results once, by normal planting measure, its biomass can reach about 10 times of hybrid giant napier biomass in this research, and namely its theoretical remediation efficiency can reach annual 0.9mg/kg; If when topsoil heavy metal cadmium average content (0.68mg/kg) being dropped to China's agricultural production standard of soil environment quality (soil full Cd≤0.30mg/kg, pH >=6.5 time), need 6 years in theory.After hybrid giant napier plants 1 year, P in soil H value rises to 4.9 from 3.0, needs within 3 years, can will acid pollution soil remediation is subject to Environmental security pH value standard in theory.In addition, the soil weight is planted after 1 year by 1.23 ± 0.07g/cm
3be down to 1.20 ± 0.10 g/cm
3, soil porosity is increased to 54.68 ± 3.74% by 53.52 ± 2.70%.Non-planting plants regional soil heavy metal cadmium content reduces 1.1% naturally, needs to reach environmental safety standard in 91 years; Non-planting plants regional soil pH value rises to 3.8 from 3.0, and soil pH value needs 23 years to reach environmental safety standard.
Embodiment 2:
Being tested by hybrid giant napier in pH value is 3.0, and average heavy metal cadmium content is acid and the heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil of 0.68mg/kg.From in December, 2010, do not use any additive in soil, then low ridge, plantation hybrid giant napier of turning over, complete plantation work on March 10th, 2011.Hybrid giant napier planting density specification is 75cm × 50cm.Growing period is not irrigated, and fertilising in an every 2 months natural pond liquid, artificial removal's weeds in field, gathers in the crops in by the end of November, 2011 to.Hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method will be gathered in, extract heavy metal, obtain heavy metal cadmium and fertilizer.Once after results, hybrid giant napier is 0.09mg/kg to the purifying rate of heavy metal in soil cadmium; Because the present embodiment Cutting is only final results once, by normal planting measure, its biomass can reach about 10 times of hybrid giant napier biomass in this research, and namely its theoretical remediation efficiency can reach annual 0.9mg/kg; If topsoil heavy metal cadmium average content (0.68mg/kg) to be dropped to China's agricultural production standard of soil environment quality (soil full Cd≤0.30mg/kg, pH >=6.5 time)) time, need 8 years in theory.After hybrid giant napier plants 1 year, P in soil H value rises to 5.1 from 3.0, needs within 3 years, can will can reach Environmental security pH value standard by acid pollution soil in theory.In addition, the soil weight is planted after 1 year by 1.23 ± 0.07g/cm
3be down to 1.20 ± 0.10g/cm
3, soil porosity is increased to 54.68 ± 3.74% by 53.52 ± 2.70%.Non-planting plants regional soil heavy metal cadmium content reduces 1.1% naturally, needs to reach environmental safety standard in 91 years; Non-planting plants regional soil pH value rises to 3.8 from 3.0, and soil pH value needs 23 years to reach environmental safety standard.
Embodiment 3:
Being tested by hybrid giant napier in pH value is 3.0, and average heavy metal cadmium content is acid and the heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil of 0.68mg/kg.From in November, 2010, in soil, liming-NaOH and fertilizer are joined and are applied as additive, every mu of polluted agricultural land adds 500kg lime and 250kg NaOH, within 8th day, again use with amount lime and NaOH, within 15 day, use silkworm excrement by the amount of 2000kg/ mu, play low ridge in February, 2011, plantation hybrid giant napier of turning over, complete plantation work on March 5th, 2011.Hybrid giant napier planting density specification is 80cm × 50cm.Growing period is not irrigated, and fertilising in an every 2 months natural pond liquid, artificial removal's weeds in field, gathers in the crops in by the end of November, 2011 to.Hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method will be gathered in, extract heavy metal, obtain heavy metal cadmium and fertilizer.Once after results, hybrid giant napier is 0.05mg/kg to the purifying rate of heavy metal in soil cadmium; Because the present embodiment Cutting is only final results once, by normal planting measure, its biomass can reach about 10 times of hybrid giant napier biomass in this research, and namely its theoretical remediation efficiency can reach annual 0.5mg/kg; If topsoil heavy metal cadmium average content (0.68mg/kg) to be dropped to China's agricultural production standard of soil environment quality (soil full Cd≤0.30mg/kg, pH >=6.5 time)) time, need 10 years in theory.Apply after additive hybrid giant napier plant 1 year, P in soil H value rises to 7.6 from 3.0, needs in theory to get final product for 1 year will to reach Environmental security pH value standard by acid pollution soil.In addition, the soil weight is planted after 1 year by 1.23 ± 0.07g/cm
3be down to 1.20 ± 0.10 g/cm
3, soil porosity is increased to 54.68 ± 3.74% by 53.52 ± 2.70%; Soil organic matter content improves 24%.Non-planting plants regional soil heavy metal cadmium content reduces 1.1% naturally, needs to reach environmental safety standard in 91 years; Non-planting plants regional soil pH value rises to 3.8 from 3.0, and soil pH value needs 23 years to reach environmental safety standard.
Embodiment 4:
Being tested by hybrid giant napier in pH value is 3.0, and average heavy metal cadmium content is acid and the heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil of 0.68mg/kg.From in November, 2009, joining with lime-NaOH and silkworm excrement, natural pond slag and chicken manure in soil applies as additive, every mu of polluted agricultural land adds 600kg lime and 300kg potassium hydroxide, to the tenth day every mu use silkworm excrement 1000kg, natural pond slag 1000kg and chicken manure 500kg, low ridge is played in February, 2011, to turn over plantation hybrid giant napier, complete plantation work on March 15th, 2011.Hybrid giant napier planting density specification is 75cm × 55cm.Growing period not fertigation, artificial removal's weeds in field, gathers in the crops in by the end of November, 2011 to.Hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method will be gathered in, extract heavy metal, obtain heavy metal cadmium and fertilizer.Once after results, hybrid giant napier is 0.06mg/kg to the purifying rate of heavy metal in soil cadmium; Because the present embodiment Cutting is only final results once, by normal planting measure, its biomass can reach about 10 times of hybrid giant napier biomass in this research, and namely its theoretical remediation efficiency can reach annual 0.6mg/kg; If when topsoil heavy metal cadmium average content (0.68mg/kg) being dropped to China's agricultural production standard of soil environment quality (soil full Cd≤0.30mg/kg, pH >=6.5 time), need 8.5 years in theory.Apply after additive hybrid giant napier plant 1 year, P in soil H value rises to 7.4 from 3.0, needs in theory to get final product for 1 year will to reach Environmental security pH value standard by acid pollution soil.In addition, the soil weight is planted after 1 year by 1.23 ± 0.07g/cm
3be down to 1.20 ± 0.10g/cm
3, soil porosity is increased to 54.68 ± 3.74% by 53.52 ± 2.70%; Soil organic matter content improves 21%.Non-planting plants regional soil heavy metal cadmium content reduces 1.1% naturally, needs to reach environmental safety standard in 91 years; Non-planting plants regional soil pH value rises to 3.8 from 3.0, and soil pH value needs 23 years to reach environmental safety standard.
Claims (2)
1. the method utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil, it is characterized in that: hybrid giant napier is planted in the soil of acid and heavy metal cadmium combined pollution, utilize hybrid giant napier well developed root system, the upperground part biomass is large, the characteristic of energy absorption and accumulation heavy metal cadmium, absorbs heavy metal cadmium in soil and is also transferred to above-ground plant parts; After hybrid giant napier plants three months, monthly periodical reaping aerial part, and ashing process, extract heavy metal; Because it is perennial plant, growth period, Second Year started without the need to repeating plantation again, and monthly periodical reaping aerial part, and ashing process, until contaminated soil remediation is to environmental safety standard in the annual 4-11 month; Its concrete steps comprise:
1. wholely: turn at the beginning by acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil in last month of spring in winter, ploughed depth >=30cm, does not apply any fertilizer and additive, or carries out pH value process to combined contamination soil and discharge base manure;
2. plant seedling: annual spring ground moistening or overcast and rainy plantation, by the ditching of 75-85cm line-spacing, trench depth is 30cm, is buried by hybrid giant napier seedling in ditch, then returns soil and is covered by seedling, return native cladding thickness 15-25cm; Planting density 75-85cm × 45-55cm;
3. manage: plant time of infertility is without the need to irrigating and fertilising;
4. gather in: plant to November then after three months, monthly harvesting hybrid giant napier aerial part once; Second Year rises and to repeat growth period to gather in aerial part at hybrid giant napier, and hybrid giant napier planting process can continue to heavy metal in soil cadmium content and pH value reaches environmental safety standard;
5. post processing: monthly will gather in hybrid giant napier ashing according to a conventional method, extracts heavy metal, obtains heavy metal cadmium and organic fertilizer product;
Described pH value process adopts lime and potassium hydroxide, and every mu of polluted agricultural land addition lime is 600kg, and potassium hydroxide is 300kg;
Described discharge base manure adopt silkworm excrement, natural pond slag, pig manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and chicken manure more than one, every mu of total consumption is 2000-2500kg;
Described is 2.0-3.1 by acid and its pH value of heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil, and heavy metal cadmium content is 0.32mg/kg-1.40mg/kg;
Described harvesting aerial part refers to and does not comprise the plant that newly tillers by the hybrid giant napier plant that harvesting is ripe.
2. a kind of method utilizing hybrid giant napier to repair acid and heavy metal cadmium combined contamination soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described organic fertilizer is applied to the fertilising of crops.
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| CN104259191A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-07 | 广西地源之本肥业有限公司 | Treatment method for heavy metal contaminated soil |
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| CN110038884A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-07-23 | 湖南鹏田农业科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve bluish dogbane to the processing method of heavy metal cadmium remediation efficiency in acid soil |
| CN111974791B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-12-27 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Ecological energy farm remediation method for multi-scene application of ionic rare earth mining area soil |
| CN112207127A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-12 | 农业部沼气科学研究所 | Remediation method for heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil |
| CN112453037A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-09 | 海南大学 | Method for repairing heavy metal and organic matter combined contaminated soil by combining plant microorganisms |
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| CN113617830A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-09 | 东珠生态环保股份有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for multi-type soil |
| CN114042749A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-15 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for zero-tillage remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland by interplanting astragalus mongholicus with grassiness |
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