CN101125338B - Method for treating soil or water cadmium pollution - Google Patents
Method for treating soil or water cadmium pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN101125338B CN101125338B CN200710030649A CN200710030649A CN101125338B CN 101125338 B CN101125338 B CN 101125338B CN 200710030649 A CN200710030649 A CN 200710030649A CN 200710030649 A CN200710030649 A CN 200710030649A CN 101125338 B CN101125338 B CN 101125338B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating the cadmium pollution of soil or water body. The invention adopts a woody plant carambola (Averrhoa carambola L) which can highly gather the cadmium, andwhich can activate and absorb the cadmium in soil and water body. The cadmium can be successively extracted by successively cutting the part on ground till the cadmium content in the soil or the watermeet the environmental protection standard. The method provided in the invention has the advantages of low cost, high renovating efficiency and possible extensive promotion. Through adopting the method in the invention, no secondary pollution is caused. At the same time, the renovating process doses not destroy ecosystem of the soil or water body. Furthermore, the invention is beneficial for alleviating degradation and productivity reduction of the soil or water body caused by the cadmium pollution to the soil or the water body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental pollution and repair the field, specifically, relate to a kind of method of administering soil or water body cadmium pollution.
Background technology
Cadmium (cadmium, Cd) be in the environment to one of the strongest heavy metal element of plant, animal and human toxicity, have very strong teratogenesis, carcinogenic and mutagenicity.And the cadmium in soil and the water body all is easy to enter human body by food chain, directly the health of harm humans; Therefore, the improvement technology of cadmium pollution soil and water body is the hot research problem that enjoys the whole world to pay close attention to always.
There are abundant cadmium (usually with plumbous zinc ore association) mineral resources in China, owing to be rich in mining activities such as the natural weathering of cadmium ore body and corresponding strip mining transformation, smelting and use chemical products such as chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals in a large number; At present, China has quite large-area soil and water body to be subjected to the pollution of heavy metals such as cadmium, and the pollution condition of mine and surrounding area, smeltery is particularly serious.In a word, the cadmium of excessive exposure is just directly threatening the human settlement and the food security of China.
At present, can mainly contain physics and chemistry repairing method and biological restoration method for the method for administering heavy metal pollutions such as soil or water body cadmium.
The physics and chemistry repairing method mainly contains soil moved in to improve the original (soil removal and replacement) method, the precipitation method, elution method, electrochemical process, magnetization method etc.These physics or chemical method respectively have its advantage, but all exist expense costliness, engineering huge, easily cause secondary pollution problems.
The biological restoration method mainly contains two kinds of microorganism and plant restoration methods.The local success that microorganism is repaired only is confined to the degraded of some organic pollutions; And handling metallic pollution, particularly soil metallic pollution aspect, it not is so effective that microorganism is repaired.Phytoremediation (phytoremediation) is the green recovery technique of a kind of emerging heavy metal pollution original position (in situ); And as the plant extract technology (phytoextraction) of one of its core technology, the research that has developed into environmental science and technical field with use focus, and cause the great attention of government, academia and business circles.
From current domestic and international plant extract technical research and practice progress, remain in following problem to be solved: the floristics of (1) alternative energy (surpassing) enrichment cadmium seldom, particularly can surpass the plant (as xylophyta) that the enrichment cadmium has simultaneously the mcroorganism amount does not again also have bibliographical information at present; (2) super enriching plant of recommended preferential use (hyperaccumulator), general biomass is on the low side, poor growth, the overall removal efficient of heavy metal is lower, also has problems such as strange land climatic adaptation simultaneously; (3) bioavailability of heavy metals (bioavailability) has much room for improvement in the contaminated soil; (4) from should being used for, the phytoremediation technology of developed country part has dropped into practical application, and has obtained environment, economic and social benefit preferably, and China still is in the starting stage, and correlation technique also is in laboratory or pilot scale stage.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at present soil and the serious problem of water body cadmium pollution, provide that a kind of cost is low, remediation efficiency is high, can not cause secondary pollution, can not destroy the improvement soil of soil or water ecosystem or the method for water body cadmium pollution.
The present invention is through a large amount of experimental studies, discovery is planted the xylophyta carambola in the soil or water body that is subjected to cadmium pollution, carambola can continue the cadmium in extraction and activating soil or the water body, upwards transportation and transhipment arrive overground part (branch and leaf) and form certain biomass simultaneously, irregularly suitably gather in overground part, the reservation bottom then can continue to extract, shift a large amount of cadmium in soil or the water body, thereby reaches the purpose of administering soil or water body cadmium pollution through certain extracting cycle.
Plantation will control soil during carambola or water body pH is 5～7, can adopt acidity or alkaline fertilizer (or lime) to regulate.Carambola is treated to water body growth support: carambola is implanted floating bed, and root directly contacts with polluted-water by the aperture that bores system on the floating bed.After plantation a period of time, according to the growing state of carambola, the periodical reaping branches and leaves carry out security landfill or burn the back landfill; During harvesting, keep trunk and newborn branches and leaves, stay the branch section of 3～5 centimeter length in the time of the results branches and leaves, make it can extract shoot out, continue to extract.
The present invention is used can super enrichment cadmium xylophyta carambola (Averrhoa carambolaL.) mainly be distributed in South China and Taiwan Province such as Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi and Hainan in China.The taxology feature of this plant is as follows:
(1) is Oxalidaceae carambola platymiscium; Aiphyllium can be up to more than ten meters; Sprout is had little hole skin by pubescence.
(2) imparipinnate leaf alternates; Leaflet 5-13 sheet, avette to oval, long 3-6.5 centimetre, wide 2-3.5 centimetre; Adaxial surface of the leaf is dredged pubescence.
(3) inflorescence is coniform; Spend little, white or lavender, closely bell; Sepal 5, reddish violet; 5 hemp nettles, obovate; 10,5 on stamen is short and do not have flower pesticide.
(4) berry is avette or square is circular, pistac, smooth surface, tool 5 aliform corner angle.
The present invention is used can super enrichment cadmium xylophyta carambola (Averrhoa carambolaL.) following biological characteristics is arranged:
(1) main root is strong and flourishing, plants on the ground at fluviatile loam and can go deep into soil more than 1 meter; , level of ground water deep at soil layer can reach more than 3 meters when low; It is more shallow to absorb the root distribution, 2-3 centimetre of existing distribution under the table soil, and 10-20 centimeters absorption root is maximum down to show soil usually.
(2) ability of branching out is strong, as long as temperature, liquid manure are suitable, Zhou Nianjun can sprout young sprout; Have young sprout general every year 5-6 time, and shoot growth is rapid; In addition, can extract shoot out in the carambola branch stake (staying the branch section of 3-5 centimeter length when pruning cutting back), be other a lot of woody unexistent characteristics.
(3) carambola becomes principal stresses strong; Thereby can form the mcroorganism amount quickly.
The above biological characteristics of carambola help improving its to the overall removal efficient of cadmium in soil or the water body and also make continue to extract easy to implement, thereby improve remediation efficiency.And as for carambola in phytoremediation practice because the potential health risk problem that its fruit caused, then can by spray flower thinning, shedding agent or before it is born fruit way such as harvesting solve.
The used carambola of the present invention under field conditions (factors) (non-mining area, the soil cadmium content is very low) enrichment cadmium very capable; 4 kinds of mainly planting with the South China (Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and flower ground) are example, and the feature of enrichment cadmium is as follows under field conditions (factors) for they:
Branch, the leaf heavy metal cadmium average content of these 4 carambola kinds (Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and flower ground) reaches 10 and 11mg/kg (with dry weight basis) respectively; And their a biological concentration coefficient (bioaccumulation factor) to cadmium reaches 29.6,11.1,14.7 and 14.3 successively, all shows the accumulation ability superpower to cadmium.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention adopt can super enrichment cadmium the xylophyta carambola, be applied to the plant extract of cadmium pollution soil or water body, cost is low, the remediation efficiency height, potential economic benefit is considerable;
(2) carambola of the present invention's employing, well developed root system, it is vigorous to grow, and biomass is big, breeds easily, is suitable for the plant extract of cadmium pollution soil or water body;
(3) the present invention has set up the continuous extraction pattern of a cover, has simplified the program of rehabilitating soil or water body cadmium pollution, is suitable for applying;
(4) the reparation pattern of the present invention's foundation is green original position reparation, the overground part of being gathered in the crops is concentrated security landfill or is burned the back landfill, can not cause secondary pollution, repair process simultaneously and can not destroy soil or water ecological setting, and help to improve soil and descend because of soil degradation and the productivity that heavy metal pollution causes, recover also to improve the geobiont diversity, can obviously improve water quality the reparation of water body.
The specific embodiment
Below the invention will be further described by two embodiment.
Embodiment 1: soil remediation
After the ripening fruits of carambola of gathering, stacked 3-5 days, after treating the pulp deliquescing, rotting, manually take out seed, placed then 2-3 days, after waiting to be attached to pectin on the seed and rotting, clean with the clear water rinsing, it is standby to dry in the shade.
Seed that will dry in the shade and river sand are mixed thoroughly and are broadcasted sowing on the seedbed, and thick 0.6-0.8 centimetre of sandy soil of lid water and cover layer of plastic film, keep later on the seedbed moistening, and notice preventing that mouse and ant from removing eats seed, in the greenhouse, grow seedlings, relative air humidity 60-75%, temperature 25-30 ℃.
Cultivate the seedling of 4 carambola kinds (Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and flower ground) of mainly planting the South China in the normal soil in greenhouse; Treating that growth of seedling to 10-15 centimetre, is transplanted into heavy-metal contaminated soil, is 60mg/kg for examination soil cadmium content, and liming is regulated pH to 5-7,35 centimetres of line-spacings, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows.Grow after 5 months, keep trunk and part branches and leaves (mainly being newborn), stay the branch section of 3-5 centimeter length in the time of the results branches and leaves.The carambola of results for the first time, its cadmium content of 4 carambola kinds (Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and flower ground) reaches 156.6,180.6,133.9 and 168.3mg/kg (with dry weight basis) successively after measured; And the cadmium content of leaf also reaches 251.9,259.6,235.1 and 252.3mg/kg (with dry weight basis) successively.Allow carambola grow, extract continuously the soil cadmium continuously, gather in its overground part continuously, the cadmium content in the soil constantly reduces, until normal level.The overground part of harvesting can be unified to handle, as directly in the security landfill of garbage loading embeading district or burn the back landfill.
Embodiment 2: the water body reparation
After the ripening fruits of carambola of gathering, stacked 3-5 days, after treating the pulp deliquescing, rotting, manually take out seed, placed then 2-3 days, after waiting to be attached to pectin on the seed and rotting, clean with the clear water rinsing, it is standby to dry in the shade.
Seed that will dry in the shade and river sand are mixed thoroughly and are broadcasted sowing on the seedbed, and thick 0.6-0.8 centimetre of sandy soil of lid water and cover layer of plastic film, keep later on the seedbed moistening, and notice preventing that mouse and ant from removing eats seed, in the greenhouse, grow seedlings, relative air humidity 60-75%, temperature 25-30 ℃.Cultivate the seedling of 4 carambola kinds (Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and flower ground) of mainly planting the South China in the normal soil in greenhouse; Treat that growth of seedling to 10-15 centimetre, is transplanted into the floating bed that is provided with the cadmium pollution water body, root directly contacts with polluted-water by bore the aperture of system on floating bed, and growth adds sponge (or absorbent cotton) firm plant in aperture in earlier stage; Water body cadmium background content: 1-25mg/L, liming is regulated pH to 5-7.Grow after 3 months, keep trunk and part branches and leaves (mainly being newborn), stay the branch section of 3-5 centimeter length in the time of the results branches and leaves.After measured, its cadmium content 152.4-358.4 successively of 4 carambola kinds of results (Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and flower ground) for the first time, 116.4-615.6,116.8-345.4 and 152.3-381.8mg/kg (with dry weight basis); And the cadmium content of leaf also reaches 183.4-454.7 successively, 105.4-304.5,100.2-284.8 and 220.9-421.8mg/kg (with dry weight basis).Allow carambola grow, extract continuously the cadmium in the water body continuously, gather in its overground part continuously, the cadmium content in the water body constantly reduces, until normal level.The overground part of harvesting can be unified to handle, as directly in the security landfill of garbage loading embeading district or burn the back landfill.
Claims (3)
1. method of administering soil or water body cadmium pollution, the pH that it is characterized in that controlling soil or water body is 5～7, and carambola is implanted the cadmium that absorbs in soil or the water body in soil or the water body, periodical reaping branches and leaves.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, carambola is treated to water body growth support: carambola is implanted floating bed, and root directly contacts with polluted-water by the aperture that bores system on the floating bed.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, according to the growing state of carambola, the periodical reaping branches and leaves carry out security landfill or burn the back landfill; During harvesting, keep trunk and newborn branches and leaves, stay the branch section of 3～5 centimeter length in the time of the results branches and leaves, make it can extract shoot out, continue to extract, reach standard-required until cadmium content.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200710030649A CN101125338B (en) | 2007-09-29 | 2007-09-29 | Method for treating soil or water cadmium pollution |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200710030649A CN101125338B (en) | 2007-09-29 | 2007-09-29 | Method for treating soil or water cadmium pollution |
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| CN101125338A CN101125338A (en) | 2008-02-20 |
| CN101125338B true CN101125338B (en) | 2010-05-26 |
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| CN200710030649A Expired - Fee Related CN101125338B (en) | 2007-09-29 | 2007-09-29 | Method for treating soil or water cadmium pollution |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102489498B (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2013-12-25 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | Application of ruellia brittoniana in repairing soil and/or water body cadmium pollution |
| CN102618515B (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-10-30 | 中山大学 | Protein FKCadAl related with resistance to heavy-metal cadmium, and coding gene and application thereof |
| CN102671930A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2012-09-19 | 四川农业大学 | Application of eucalyptus grandis in remediation for soil polluted by heavy metal of cadmium |
| CN102941220A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-02-27 | 四川农业大学 | Application of leucaena glauca in reparation of soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium |
| CN104607448B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2017-01-11 | 韩山师范学院 | Method for restoring Cd-polluted soil or water body |
| CN104871850A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-02 | 上海交通大学 | Method for improving repairing efficiency of heavy metal polluted plants |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1465449A (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-01-07 | 束文圣 | Use of violet in repairing lead and cadmium polluted soil and water and culturing method |
| CN1502423A (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-09 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for repairing arsenium contaminated environment |
| CN1554494A (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-15 | 中山大学 | Method for repairing soil and zinc and cadmium nollution in water b using Arrow leaf violet |
| CN1623933A (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2005-06-08 | 中山大学 | Method for treating soil and aquatic lead, zinc, cadmium pollution by cone south mustard |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1465449A (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-01-07 | 束文圣 | Use of violet in repairing lead and cadmium polluted soil and water and culturing method |
| CN1502423A (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-09 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for repairing arsenium contaminated environment |
| CN1554494A (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-15 | 中山大学 | Method for repairing soil and zinc and cadmium nollution in water b using Arrow leaf violet |
| CN1623933A (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2005-06-08 | 中山大学 | Method for treating soil and aquatic lead, zinc, cadmium pollution by cone south mustard |
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| CN101125338A (en) | 2008-02-20 |
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