CN102227987B - Method for planting mangrove plants in fresh water, - Google Patents
Method for planting mangrove plants in fresh water, Download PDFInfo
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- CN102227987B CN102227987B CN201110131970A CN201110131970A CN102227987B CN 102227987 B CN102227987 B CN 102227987B CN 201110131970 A CN201110131970 A CN 201110131970A CN 201110131970 A CN201110131970 A CN 201110131970A CN 102227987 B CN102227987 B CN 102227987B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for planting mangrove plants in fresh water, which comprises the following steps of: digging plant holes, culturing seedlings, lifting and transporting the seedlings, planting, and the like. According to the method for planting the mangrove plants in fresh water, the mangrove plants can be planted in a freshwater environment and play an important role in water, soil and ecological conservation in the freshwater wetland system; and the landscape of mangroves can be appreciated in freshwater areas, therefore the garden landscape is enriched.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of kind of method for planting, relate in particular to a kind of fresh water species method for planting of mangrove.
Background technology
Fresh water basins such as lake, reservoir, river mouth are typical wet land system types, and these wet land system types do not have periodic tiding phenomenon, yet also there is the situation that fluctuates up and down in its water surface elevation.When the water surface descended, banks such as lake, reservoir, river mouth will be exposed in the air along soil layer, when be exposed to the sun by the sun, cause soil layer nutrition and water loss easily, and the rainwater invasion and attack also possibly cause the phenomenon of surface layer peeling, are unfavorable for water and soil conservation.
Mangrove forest is to be grown in the torrid zone, seashore intertidal zone, subtropics; Receive seawater periodically to soak the woody plant community, xylium of flooding; It has particular shape 26S Proteasome Structure and Function adaptability, as forming prop root, various forms of respiratory root, many viviparous seedling and xeromorphy and anti-salt adaptation etc. is arranged.Wet land systems such as lake, reservoir, river mouth are carried out water and soil conservation; Mangrove is undoubtedly very good selection; Its flourishing root system not only can be that plant firmly stands on ooze, goes out under the water surface condition with higher in freshwater system, can utilize the respiratory root from the bed mud surface to absorb airborne oxygen; Improve the appearance oxygen in the water body, and then improve the self-purification capacity of water body.Can stablize silt again when the water surface descends, have the effect that flowing water pulls.Mangrove also can maintain the material circulation of estuarine ecosystems simultaneously, makes good ecoscape.But be limited by the growth characteristics of mangrove, mangrove can't be introduced a fine variety the fresh water area plantation.There is big limitation in the plantation place of mangrove, and conventional kind method for planting can't guarantee that also the one-tenth of mangrove is alive, can not obtain comparatively satisfied planting effect.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a kind of fresh water species method for planting of mangrove.
A kind of fresh water species method for planting of mangrove is characterized in that: the fresh water species method for planting of said mangrove may further comprise the steps,
Dig kind of a plant hole, remove diameter greater than 5 centimetres chad, the footpath, cave of said kind of plant hole is greater than 20 centimetres to 30 centimetres of the diameters of the native ball of kind nursery stock root, and the cave of said kind of plant hole is directly unanimous between the higher and lower levels, and the cave of said kind of plant hole is deeply greater than about 20 centimetres of native ball;
Grow seedlings, adopt the nutritious bag container that nursery stock is grown seedlings, the growth of seedling environment of nursery stock is carried out salinity control, make salinity less than 10/1000ths, cultivating seedlings reaches behind the certain specification related nutritious bag and goes out the garden and be used for the afforestation plantation;
Lifting fortune seedling is selected healthy nursery stock lifting, during lifting, must guarantee native ball not loose of nursery stock, is transported to planting-site behind the nursery stock as early as possible, stagnates before nursery stock is planted and puts the time less than twenty four hours;
Plant; Nursery stock is suitably pruned, made native ball not loose of nursery stock when removing container as far as possible, the container seedling surface is buried dark 5 to 10 centimetres during plantation; The water of planting-site or the pH value of soil are monitored, and the pH value of water and soil earth that guarantees said planting-site is greater than 7.0.
The fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention; The said culture matrix that uses of growing seedlings adopts compost; Compost is in ooze: the ratio preparation of fertilizer: thin sand and soil=4:2:1; Fertilizer is main with the fertilizer of pestering, and every cubic metre of fertilizer adds 20 kilograms superphosphate and fully mixes laggard windrow thoroughly and macerate and become thoroughly decomposed.
The fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention; In the said step of planting; In when the pH value of the water of said planting-site or soil less than 7.0 the time, use a kind of in ash, mushroom fertilizer, lime, cow dung, pig manure, the farmyard manure or mix multiple water or soil with the adjusting planting-site pH value so that pH value greater than 7.0.
The fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention, in the said step of planting, in said planting-site basal dressing, said base manure uses the fertilizer after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and evenly mixes to bury imposing on around the nursery stock root with planting soil.
The fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention, said mangrove comprise looking glass tree, ring tree, the yellow rose of Sharon, extra large Mango fruit, fetid marsh fleabane, populnea, bitter Lang Shu, and said mangrove is planted in no water logging zone, and the back the last fortnight of planting uses the seawater pouring.
The fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention, said looking glass tree, ring tree, extra large Mango fruit, populnea plant spacing are 2 meters * 3 meters, and yellow rose of Sharon plant spacing is 2 meters * 2 meters, and bitter Lang Shu, fetid marsh fleabane plant spacing are 0.5 meter * 0.5 meter.
Go out garden afforestation when the fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention, high 60 centimetres of said looking glass tree, extra large Mango fruit, ring tree, populnea, go out garden afforestation during high 40 centimetres of the said yellow rose of Sharon, go out garden afforestation when 25 centimetres of said bitter Lang Shu, fetid marsh fleabane plant height.
The fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention, said mangrove comprise pagatpat, Hai Sang, Aegiceras corniculatum, halogen fern, old mouse le, and said mangrove is planted and flooded the zone in fresh water.
The fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention, the plant spacing of said pagatpat, Hai Sang are 2 meters * 2 meters, and the plant spacing of Aegiceras corniculatum is 1 meter * 1 meter, and the plant spacing of old mouse le, halogen fern is 0.5 meter * 0.5 meter.
The fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention, said pagatpat and extra large mulberry sapling are high 40 centimetres, go out garden afforestation when 25 centimetres of said Aegiceras corniculatums, Lao Shu le, halogen fern height of seedling.
Through inventor's test of many times; On the basis of the neutral red woods that takes a broad survey, select the part mangrove to carry out the fresh water planting experiment, through the factors such as soil, moisture are tested; The fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention is invented out in summary; Mangrove can play a significant role in the fresh water environment plantation and in the water and soil of this fresh water wet land system keeps with ecology, and can make fresh water area also can enjoy the mangrove forest view, has enriched garden landscape.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sanitary wastewater at place, source of the present invention and the index of correlation comparison diagram of the water behind the mangrove of flowing through.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified.
The invention provides a kind of fresh water species method for planting of mangrove, may further comprise the steps,
Dig kind of a plant hole, remove foreign material, the diameter that the foreign material of removing occur when comprising building foreign material, rubbish, bigger dry branches and fallen leaves, the face of land and digging kind of plant hole is greater than 5 centimetres chad etc.Footpath, the cave of said kind of plant hole is greater than 20 centimetres to 30 centimetres of the diameters of the native ball of kind nursery stock root, and the cave of said kind of plant hole is directly unanimous between the higher and lower levels, and the cave of said kind of plant hole is deeply greater than about 20 centimetres of native ball; When running into pan soil, difference soil or more building waste, need when digging kind of plant hole, and harmful substance cleared change soil after clean 1 to 2 times of the enlarged diameter of plant pit.
Grow seedlings, adopt the nutritious bag container that nursery stock is grown seedlings, cultivating seedlings reaches behind the certain specification related nutritious bag and goes out the garden and be used for the afforestation plantation.The culture matrix that uses of growing seedlings adopts compost, and compost is by extra large mud: the ratio of fertilizer: thin sand and soil=4:2:1 is prepared, and fertilizer is main with the fertilizer of pestering, and every cubic metre of fertilizer adds 20 kilograms superphosphate, fully mixes laggard windrow thoroughly and macerates and become thoroughly decomposed.Adopt compost to grow seedlings and improve 58%, 8% respectively than red soil, the ooze planting percent of growing seedlings, the growth amount exceeds 52%, 25% respectively.Nursery stock is cultivated and to reach certain specification and can related nutritious bag container go out the garden and be used for afforestation and plant.The Different Red tree plant has different outplanting specification requirements.Go out garden afforestation when high 60 centimetres of looking glass tree, extra large Mango fruit, ring tree, populnea, go out garden afforestation during high 40 centimetres of the yellow rose of Sharon, go out garden afforestation when 25 centimetres of bitter Lang Shu, fetid marsh fleabane plant height.Pagatpat and extra large mulberry sapling are high 40 centimetres, go out garden afforestation when 25 centimetres of Aegiceras corniculatums, Lao Shu le, halogen fern height of seedling.Adopt the nutritious bag container nursery, seedling quality is good, and resistance helps improving planting survival rate and seedling growth.
In seedling raising process, note salinity control, the suitable salinity of seed germination and growth of seedling generally is lower than the suitable salinity value range of arboreal growth.Seed germination rate under the fresh water condition is the highest, and radicle growth is the fastest, and salinity is higher than at 5/1000ths o'clock, germinates to begin to be suppressed, and salinity is higher than at 8/1000ths o'clock, and growth of seedling begins to be suppressed, and salinity is higher than at 10/1000ths o'clock, the seed sprouting of can not being unearthed.
Select seedling and lifting, select nursery stock and lifting, during lifting, the diameter that excavates native ball is for apart from 6 times to 10 times of the trees diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground on 1.3 meters on ground, and the native ball degree of depth is about 2/3rds of native bulb diameter;
The fortune seedling is transported to planting-site with nursery stock, stagnates before nursery stock is planted and puts the time less than twenty four hours;
Plant; Nursery stock is pruned, and planted in planting-site and to be loaded on the nursery stock of nutritious bag container, the nutritious bag container upper surface buries dark 5 to 10 centimetres during said seedling growth; The water of planting-site or the pH value of soil are monitored, and the pH value of water or soil that guarantees said planting-site is greater than 7.0.When the pH value of the water of said planting-site or soil less than 7.0 the time, use a kind of in ash, mushroom fertilizer, lime, cow dung, pig manure, the farmyard manure or mix multiple water or soil with the adjusting planting-site pH value so that pH value greater than 7.0.Plant and to be divided into no water logging zone and to plant and flood the zone with fresh water and plant.The no water logging zone mangrove seeds of adopting of planting comprise looking glass tree, ring tree, the yellow rose of Sharon, extra large Mango fruit, fetid marsh fleabane, populnea, bitter Lang Shu, and the back the last fortnight use seawater of planting waters.Looking glass tree, ring tree, extra large Mango fruit, populnea plant spacing are 2 meters * 3 meters, and yellow rose of Sharon plant spacing is 2 meters * 2 meters, and bitter Lang Shu, fetid marsh fleabane plant spacing are 0.5 meter * 0.5 meter.Fresh water floods the zone mangrove seeds of adopting of planting and comprises pagatpat, Hai Sang, Aegiceras corniculatum, halogen fern, old mouse le; The plant spacing of pagatpat, Hai Sang is 2 meters * 2 meters; The plant spacing of Aegiceras corniculatum is 1 meter * 1 meter, and the plant spacing of Lao Shu le, halogen fern is 0.5 meter * 0.5 meter.
Each mangrove upgrowth situation under the more different land occupation conditions shows that each mangrove of thatch lake reservoir all occurs withered; Be planted in the Rhizophoraceae plant ring tree of western beautiful fresh water
Carallia brachiataGrowing way is good, and survival rate reaches 100%; Aegiceras corniculatum in the mangrove
Aegiceras corniculatumSurvival rate is the highest, reaches 94%, pagatpat
Sonneratia apetala, Hai Sang
Sonneratia caseolarisSurvival rate is more than 80%.Wherein pagatpat, Hai Sang, Aegiceras corniculatum yield positive results normally, have established the more basic condition of new development of species procreation and population.
West each mangrove upgrowth situation of beautiful fresh water
| Plant | Survival rate | Mean height/m | Average leading thread/cm |
| The ring tree | 100% | 3.6 | 8 |
| Pagatpat | 86% | 2.4 | 3.6 |
| Hai Sang | 82% | 1.4 | 1.8 |
| Aegiceras corniculatum | 94% | 0.8 | 0.6 |
| Autumn eggplant | 46% | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| The sea lacquer | 38% | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Lao Shu le | 36% | 0.6 | 0.3 |
Disperse each mangrove upgrowth situation of fresh water
| Plant | Survival rate | Mean height/m | Average leading thread/cm |
| Looking glass tree | 96% | 1.9 | 4 |
| The yellow rose of Sharon | 92% | 2.4 | 3.2 |
| Hai Sang | 82% | 1.4 | 1.8 |
| Hai Mango fruit | 51% | 2.8 | 4.6 |
| Fetid marsh fleabane | 86% | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| Populnea | 53% | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| Bitter Lang Shu | 76% | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| The halogen fern | 65% | 0.8 | 1.3 |
As shown in Figure 1; Through the sanitary wastewater at place, source and the water behind the mangrove of flowing through are carried out index of correlation: BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand; Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)), COD (chemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen analysis find that this artificial community has important solid soil and water and soil catharsis to muddy ground; After the absorption of mangrove, purifying; The BOD of sanitary wastewater, COD value have reduced about 50%, and ammonia nitrogen is also reduced to 2.28 mg/L by 30.8 mg/L in source, has reduced by 92.6%.
Like following table, the pH value of seawater and freshwater territory, gulf, Shenzhen water is greater than 7.0, and thatch lake reservoir water pH value is less than 7.0.Further investigation reveals that pagatpat, Hai Sang, Aegiceras corniculatum be at gulf, Shenzhen and the equal well-grown of fresh water, and on the reservoir side of thatch lake, can't grow.It is thus clear that water pH value is mangrove primary conditions in the fresh water growth greater than 7.0.Gulf, Shenzhen soil and fresh water pH in soil are approaching, and all greater than 7.0, and thatch lake reservoir pH value is 4.92, and soil pH value is consistent to mangrove growth effect trend with water pH value; Other desired values all are higher than thatch lake reservoir with gulf, Shenzhen soil and fresh water soil; Especially the most obvious with organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, electrical conductivity and water soluble salt, all combined influence growths of mangrove of all of these factors taken together.According to experiment and field inspection result, Measurement results shows that pH value, soil pH value and the soil organic matter of water, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, electrical conductivity and water soluble salt are obviously restricting the growth of mangrove.Result of the test shows that Rhizophoraceae plant ring tree adaptability is strong, can be used as water embankment district, the shore plantation plant of advantage; Aegiceras corniculatum, pagatpat, Hai Sang can normal growths on the fertile fresh water of pH value more than 7.0, and phenology is acted normally, and sea lacquer, autumn eggplant, Bruguiera conjugata survival rate is low, and it is relatively poor to grow, and does not suit on fresh water, to plant.Through suitable choice of tree species and to the observation and the adjustment of the pH value of planting-site, nutrient etc., with the purpose of the fresh water plantation that reaches mangrove.
The planting site soil analysis
| Soil samples and detecting | Gulf, Shenzhen mangrove forest | Fresh water | Thatch lake reservoir |
| The pH value | 7.16 | 7.15 | 4.92 |
| Organic (g/kg) | 16.9 | 37.6 | 13.1 |
| Hydrolyzable nitrogen N (mg/kg) | 112.7 | 175.4 | 73.2 |
| Available phosphorus P (mg/kg) | 28.4 | 44.8 | 0.7 |
| Available potassium K (mg/kg) | 577.5 | 89.5 | 28 |
| Full nitrogen N (g/kg) | 1.91 | 2.44 | 0.79 |
| Full phosphorus P (g/kg) | 0.64 | 0.86 | 0.23 |
| Full potassium K (g/kg) | 7.95 | 12.48 | 5.08 |
| Electrical conductivity (ms/cm) | 4 | 0.54 | 0.08 |
| Water soluble salt (g/kg) | 11.1 | 2.2 | 0.8 |
The fresh water plantation of mangrove also comprises the maintenance management step, and for the disease of mangrove, gray mold is with 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, and 600 ~ 800 times of liquid of 75% tpn are sprayed.Damping off is many in hot, the face of land megathermal period intercurrent disease of weather in 7～August; Can spray 0.2 ~ 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate or the prevention of 0.5% bordeaux mixture in the back that comes up; Spray 600 ~ 800 times of liquid of 50% topsin or 600 ~ 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim between period of disease have certain sick effect that presses down.The anthracnose disease time is many in March in October to next year, the tender tip spire of their early stage point-like chlorosis, gradual change brown and expansion; Become circle or irregular type scab; The later stage spot has obvious dark brown edge, and black pin head is arranged in the spot, and sick leaf drops in a large number; The top tip children stem shrinkage of plant is withered dead, sprays with 0.5% bordeaux mixture or 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl.
The Sonneratia plant is subject to gray mold seedling stage, and (pathogen is a Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereaPers.ex Fr), (pathogen is a sickle-like bacteria to damping off
Fusatium sp.) and anthracnose (pathogen is an anthrax-bacilus
Colletotricum sp.) infringement, and Rhizophoraceae (Rhizophoraceae) plant, Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, sea lacquer etc. are at the less fungal disease that suffers in seedling stage.In case the discovery disease should remove the disease leaf immediately or pull out the diseased plant destruction, and dispenser suppresses the pathogen expansion.Gray mold is with 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, and 600 ~ 800 times of liquid of 75% tpn are sprayed.Damping off is many in hot, the face of land megathermal period intercurrent disease of weather in 7～August; Can spray 0.2 ~ 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate or the prevention of 0.5% bordeaux mixture in the back that comes up; Spray 600 ~ 800 times of liquid of 50% topsin or 600 ~ 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim between period of disease have certain sick effect that presses down.The anthracnose disease time is many in March in October to next year, the tender tip spire of their early stage point-like chlorosis, gradual change brown and expansion; Become circle or irregular type scab; The later stage spot has obvious dark brown edge, and black pin head is arranged in the spot, and sick leaf drops in a large number; The top tip children stem shrinkage of plant is withered dead, sprays with 0.5% bordeaux mixture or 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl.
The mangrove forest insect is main with the larva of Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) insect, have Pyralidae (Pyralididae), leaf roller (
Tortricidae sp.), leopard moth (
Zeuzera sp.) etc., they are food with plant leaf blade, fruit, also can not only directly cause mechanical injuries to seedling at the trunk upper drill hole, upset its mineral metabolism simultaneously, finally cause death.。The control of insect pest can be adopted methods such as Chemical Control, biological control and physical removal, selects for use according to actual conditions.As find leaf roller and bag moth, can prevent and treat with biopesticide kushenin 0. 100 %～0. 125 % solution in larval phase, in order to avoid environment is polluted.
The fresh water species method for planting of mangrove of the present invention is on the basis of the neutral red woods that takes a broad survey; Select mangrove to carry out the fresh water planting experiment; Through to the test of the factors such as soil, moisture, sum up the fresh water species method for planting of inventing out mangrove of the present invention, mangrove can play a significant role in the fresh water environment plantation and in the water and soil of this fresh water wet land system keeps with ecology; And can make fresh water area also can enjoy the mangrove forest view, enrich garden landscape.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation to the further explain that the present invention did, and can not assert that practical implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the those of ordinary skill of technical field under the present invention, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be regarded as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the fresh water species method for planting of a mangrove, it is characterized in that: the fresh water species method for planting of said mangrove may further comprise the steps,
Dig kind of a plant hole, remove diameter greater than 5 centimetres chad, the footpath, cave of said kind of plant hole is greater than 20 centimetres to 30 centimetres of the diameters of the native ball of kind nursery stock root, and the cave of said kind of plant hole is directly unanimous between the higher and lower levels, and the cave of said kind of plant hole is deeply greater than 20 centimetres in native ball;
Grow seedlings, adopt the nutritious bag container that nursery stock is grown seedlings, the growth of seedling environment of nursery stock is carried out salinity control, make salinity less than 10/1000ths;
Lifting fortune seedling is selected healthy nursery stock lifting, is transported to planting-site behind the nursery stock lifting, stagnates before nursery stock is planted and puts the time less than twenty four hours;
Plant, the nutritious bag container upper surface buries dark 5 to 10 centimetres during seedling growth, and the water or the pH in soil of planting-site are monitored, and the pH value of water and soil earth that guarantees said planting-site is greater than 7.0.
2. according to the fresh water species method for planting of the said mangrove of claim 1; It is characterized in that: the said culture matrix that uses of growing seedlings adopts compost; Compost is in ooze: the ratio preparation of fertilizer: thin sand and soil=4:2:1; Fertilizer is main with the fertilizer of pestering, and every cubic metre of fertilizer adds 20 kilograms superphosphate and fully mixes laggard windrow thoroughly and macerate and become thoroughly decomposed.
3. according to the fresh water species method for planting of the said mangrove of claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the said step of planting; When the water of said planting-site or pH in soil less than 7.0 the time, use a kind of in ash, mushroom fertilizer, lime, cow dung, pig manure, the farmyard manure or mix multiple with the adjusting planting-site water or pH in soil so that the pH value greater than 7.0.
4. according to the fresh water species method for planting of the said mangrove of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the said step of planting, in said planting-site basal dressing, said base manure uses the fertilizer after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and evenly mixes to bury imposing on around the nursery stock root with planting soil.
5. according to the fresh water species method for planting of the said mangrove of claim 1 to 4; It is characterized in that: said mangrove comprises looking glass tree, ring tree, the yellow rose of Sharon, extra large Mango fruit, fetid marsh fleabane, populnea, bitter Lang Shu; Said mangrove is planted in no water logging zone, and the back the last fortnight of planting uses the seawater pouring.
6. according to the fresh water species method for planting of the said mangrove of claim 5; It is characterized in that: said looking glass tree, ring tree 、 Hai Mango fruit, populnea plant spacing are 2 meters * 3 meters; Yellow rose of Sharon plant spacing is 2 meters * 2 meters, and bitter Lang Shu, fetid marsh fleabane plant spacing are 0.5 meter * 0.5 meter.
7. according to the fresh water species method for planting of the said mangrove of claim 5; It is characterized in that: go out garden afforestation when high 60 centimetres of said looking glass tree 、 Hai Mango fruit, ring tree, populnea; Go out garden afforestation during high 40 centimetres of the said yellow rose of Sharon, go out garden afforestation when 25 centimetres of said bitter Lang Shu, fetid marsh fleabane plant height.
8. according to the fresh water species method for planting of the said mangrove of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: said mangrove comprises pagatpat, Hai Sang, Aegiceras corniculatum, halogen fern, old mouse le, and said mangrove is planted and flooded the zone in fresh water.
9. the fresh water species method for planting of said mangrove according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that: the plant spacing of said pagatpat, Hai Sang is 2 meters * 2 meters, and the plant spacing of Aegiceras corniculatum is 1 meter * 1 meter, and the plant spacing of old mouse le, halogen fern is 0.5 meter * 0.5 meter.
10. the fresh water species method for planting of said mangrove according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that: said pagatpat and extra large mulberry sapling are high 40 centimetres, go out garden afforestation when 25 centimetres of said Aegiceras corniculatums, Lao Shu le, halogen fern height of seedling.
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