CN113197012B - Method for raising seedlings of radix tinosporae with high germination rate and survival rate - Google Patents
Method for raising seedlings of radix tinosporae with high germination rate and survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- OPFTUNCRGUEPRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-beta-Elemen Natural products CC(=C)C1CCC(C)(C=C)C(C(C)=C)C1 OPFTUNCRGUEPRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPFTUNCRGUEPRZ-QLFBSQMISA-N (-)-beta-elemene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C)(C=C)[C@H](C(C)=C)C1 OPFTUNCRGUEPRZ-QLFBSQMISA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000133430 Tinospora Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method of radix tinosporae with high germination rate and survival rate, which sequentially comprises the following steps: nursery site selection, seedling substrate preparation, seed collection, seed selection, seed disinfection, sowing, water and fertilizer management, pest control and hardening and seedling outplanting, and is characterized in that: the seedling raising substrate comprises laterite, cow dung and sandy soil, is fully stirred uniformly, covered by a film for composting for 15-60 days, and is used after being fully decomposed. The seedling raising substrate uses red soil, and the germination rate of the radix tinosporae reaches 100% through a specific substrate formula; meanwhile, the prejudice that loess is used as the seedling culture medium in the red sea olive seedling culture research is overcome, the material taking range of the red sea olive seedling culture medium is widened, and convenience is provided for the red sea olive seedling culture people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for radix tinosporae with high germination rate and survival rate.
Background
The red sea olive is a mangrove plant, and mangrove vegetation is used as a special community of tropical and subtropical coast intertidal zones and has the characteristics of vividness, seawater transmission, respiratory roots and pillar roots, salt secretion tissues, high osmotic pressure and the like. The mangrove forest ecosystem is in a special land of sea-land junction, and the vegetation type of the mangrove forest is obviously different from that of a land forest. Mangrove wetlands are typically acid sulfate soils, and therefore, the effect of different soil substrates on their growth is also of paramount importance. Acid soils in tropical and subtropical climates, including yellow legume soil, laterites and cementite, typical soil in Hainan is laterite. In the existing research on the seedling culture of the red sea elemene, loess, sandy loam, cow dung, calcium fertilizer and the like are mostly used as nutrient soil for seedling culture, and the germination rate of the red soil as the nutrient soil is low. For example, a space published in the journal of modern agriculture science is the introduction and seedling raising technology of the red olive plant and a space published in the journal of tropical agriculture is the research on the growth adaptability of three mangrove forest plants in different soil matrixes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention researches a seedling substrate, a seeding mode, water and fertilizer management, hardening, outplanting and the like in the process of the red sea olive seedling, and provides a red sea olive seedling method with high germination rate and survival rate.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for raising seedlings of the radix tinosporae with high germination rate and survival rate sequentially comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of nursery site selection, seedling substrate preparation, seed collection, seed selection, seed disinfection, seeding, water and fertilizer management, pest control and hardening and seedling, wherein the seedling substrate preparation components comprise laterite, cow dung and sandy soil, the laterite, the cow dung and the sandy soil are fully and uniformly stirred, then the soil is covered by a film to be piled and retted for 15-60 days, and the soil is used after being fully decomposed.
The further technical scheme is that the seedling raising substrate comprises vermiculite and biomass charcoal as raw materials.
The further technical scheme is that the seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of laterite, 25-35 parts of cow dung, 8-12 parts of sandy soil, 5-10 parts of vermiculite and 2-5 parts of biomass carbon.
The further technical proposal is that the seedling substrate raw material also comprises calcium superphosphate. The adding amount of the calcium superphosphate is 50-100 kg per cubic meter of cow dung.
The further technical scheme is that the sowing mode is mainly that the seed is picked up and sowed at the same time, the radix tinosporae is a typical embryo plant, embryo axes without diseases and insect pests are picked up from a forest land in the mature season of seeds, the seeds can be sowed after disinfection treatment, one ends of the embryo axes without pedicels are directly inserted into nutrition bags, the inserting depth is 2-4 cm, the base parts of the embryo axes are lightly pressed by hands to ensure that the embryo axes are fully attached to nutrient soil, a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 60% -80% is used for shading, a sunshade net is covered every day before the seeds germinate, the seeds take roots after 10 days, the seeds germinate after 15-20 days, and after about 20-30 days, after the seeds grow two true leaves, the sunshade net is gradually lifted to harden the seedlings, the seedlings are enabled to adapt to the growing environment of the sun and the seedlings are prevented from being burnt by direct sunlight.
The further technical scheme is that the water and fertilizer management comprises two links of watering and fertilizing, and the watering link comprises the following steps: fresh water is poured 3-5 times a day for the seeds which are just sown to ensure that the seeds have sufficient water, the time for soaking the seeds in seawater and the salinity of the seawater are strictly controlled before the seeds germinate, and the influence on the germination rate of the seeds caused by long-time soaking in the seawater or overhigh salinity of the seawater is avoided; after sowing for 20-30 days, after 2 true leaves grow out from the seeds, the fresh water is poured for at least 2 times every day, and the fresh water is poured in time after the tide subsides every day; the fresh water can not only supplement the water required by the growth of the nursery stock, but also rinse the mud on the seedling leaves and timely adjust the salinity of the nursery land, so that the salinity of the nursery land is controlled within the salinity range suitable for the growth of the nursery stock, and the salinity of the soil during the seed germination and seedling period is controlled within 5-10 per thousand;
the fertilization link is as follows: fertilizing the nursery stock for 3-5 times in the period from sowing to outplanting; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times in the seedling stage; the nursery stock is not fertilized one month before being outplanted, so that the growth speed of the nursery stock is high, the lignification rate of the trunk is low, and the survival rate is low; in the whole seedling growth process, reasonable fertilization is beneficial to strengthening seedlings and improving the stress resistance of the seedlings.
The further technical scheme is that the seedling hardening and outplanting is to cut roots and harden seedlings when the container seedlings of the Tinospora cordifolia grow to the height of more than 40 cm, are healthy, have no plant diseases and insect pests and grow well, and the roots are bagged; and put in place or put in different places to carry out temporary planting maintenance; and (3) keeping the nursery stock with sufficient water every day within 7 days after the nursery stock is cut off from the root, irrigating fresh water for at least 1-2 times every day, and then reducing the amount of the fresh water for irrigation to ensure that the seawater is periodically submerged as much as possible.
The further technical proposal is that when the container seedlings of the red sea olive grow to the height of 40 cm-50 cm, the seedlings are hardened and taken out of the nursery.
The further technical scheme is that the seedling exercising time is 30 days.
The further technical scheme is that the nursery garden is located in a near-shore high tidal flat where seawater can be periodically submerged in an estuary bay area, and is small in wind wave and low in salinity, and the water level is controlled to be 18-22 cm; the transportation is convenient, and the transportation of nursery stocks and other materials is convenient as the transportation is close to residential areas; after land preparation, bleaching powder or quicklime is adopted to be fully sown into a seedling raising field for disinfection; the high tidal flat is a tidal flat between an average high tide level and an average low tide level;
the seed collection is to collect seeds in or around a seedling culture region for seedling culture, the red sea olive is propagated in a embryogenic mode, the seeds develop in fruits to form embryogenic seedlings which are full of mother trees and are generally called hypocotyls, the mature period of the seeds is 6-8 months per year, the seeds are green when young, gradually change from green to grey brown when mature, have thick middle parts and slightly small ends, have obvious skin holes and are about 20-35 cm long, and the lower ends of the seeds are distributed with a small number of small points and are placed in a dark and cool place for storage;
the seed selection is to select a gray brown fresh mature hypocotyl without diseases and insect pests, an immature and insect pest hypocotyl or a germinated and germinated root which is seriously damaged, which can not be used for seedling culture;
the seed disinfection is to put the selected seeds into a solution which is 800 to 1000 times of 30 percent of carbendazim or 1000 to 1200 times of 75 percent of chlorothalonil to soak for 5 to 10 minutes and then take out;
the 30% carbendazim solution of 800-1000 times is 30% carbendazim solution by mass, and is diluted by water of 800-1000 times volume; the 75% chlorothalonil solution of 1000-1200 times is a chlorothalonil solution with the mass fraction of 75%, and is diluted by water of 1000-1200 times of volume.
The pest control is that according to the growth condition of nursery stocks, insecticidal and bactericidal agents are regularly sprayed on seedlings, so that prevention is mainly achieved, and comprehensive treatment is achieved; the diseases of the red sea olive in the seedling stage mainly comprise damping off, anthracnose and the like; damping-off is easily caused in high-temperature and high-humidity weather, the damping-off is mainly manifested as stem and leaf rot and root rot, diseases need to be timely pulled out, 75% chlorothalonil 800-1000 times liquid is used for spraying for prevention and treatment, and spraying is carried out once every 5-7 days for 3-4 times; the disease of the anthracnose is characterized in that the infected tissue is light brown, water stain-like soft rot and later ulceration, and the diseased plant should be removed in time after the plant is diseased, and the application is the same as that of damping off; the insect pest is mainly that the crab damages the root, stem and spider of the crab to cause leaf rolling; the insect pest is mainly captured manually, a trap lamp is arranged to trap and kill the imagoes, and the imagoes are periodically sprayed with the insecticide for prevention, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 3-5 days for 4-6 times. The 75% chlorothalonil solution of 800-1000 times is a chlorothalonil solution with the mass fraction of 75%, and is diluted by water of 800-1000 times of volume.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The seedling raising substrate uses red soil, and the germination rate of the red sea olive reaches 100% through a specific substrate formula; meanwhile, the prejudice that loess is used as the seedling culture medium in the red sea olive seedling culture research is overcome, the material taking range of the red sea olive seedling culture medium is widened, and convenience is provided for the red sea olive seedling culture people.
(2) The invention adds vermiculite and biomass charcoal into the seedling substrate, wherein the vermiculite is silicate, has the capability of exchanging ions and has great effect on the nutrition of the seedling substrate. Because the laterite belongs to the alumina-rich acid soil and the borosilicate is deficient, the vermiculite is added, so that the nutrition of the seedling culture substrate is improved. The biomass carbon has the characteristics of rich microporous structure, large specific surface area, high pH value, strong adsorption capacity, strong decomposition resistance and the like, can well keep air and water in the preparation of the substrate, can adsorb fertilizer components, is a good place for the activity of beneficial microorganisms, can promote the proliferation of the beneficial microorganisms, improves the activity of strains in the substrate or soil, and creates a good environment for root development in the seedling culture process.
(3) According to the invention, a certain amount of calcium superphosphate is added into the seedling culture medium, so that the survival rate of the seedlings of the radix tinosporae japonicae is improved.
(4) According to the seedling raising method, bleaching powder or quicklime is adopted to be fully sown into the seedling raising field for disinfection after site selection and land preparation of the nursery, and plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling raising process can be further reduced by matching with plant disease and insect pest control in the seedling raising period of the radix tinosporae, so that the seedling raising success rate is improved.
(5) According to the method for breeding the Tinospora cordifolia seedlings, the transplanting depth of the hypocotyls is only 2-4 cm, the seedlings are shallow, but based on the specific component proportion of the seedling culture substrate, the hypocotyls are firmly transplanted and are not easy to fall down, sufficient growth space is provided for root systems, the time of exposing the top embryos to the sea level is fully prolonged, sufficient photosynthesis is provided for leaf buds, and the germination rate and the seedling survival rate are improved.
(6) Through the water and fertilizer management of the invention, the salinity of the soil during the seed germination or seedling period is controlled between 5 per thousand and 10 per thousand.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The method for raising seedlings of the radix tinosporae with high germination rate and survival rate sequentially comprises the following steps of: nursery site selection, seedling substrate preparation, seed collection, seed selection, seed disinfection, sowing, water and fertilizer management, pest control and hardening and seedling outplanting, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1. nursery site selection
The nursery land is selected and arranged on a near-shore high tide beach which is small in wind wave, low in salinity and capable of being periodically submerged by seawater in a estuary bay area, and the water level is preferably controlled to be about 18-22 cm; the ground is convenient to transport, is close to residential areas, and is convenient for the transportation of nursery stocks and other materials; after land preparation, bleaching powder or quicklime is adopted to be fully sown into a seedling raising field for disinfection.
2. Preparation of seedling culture substrate
A seedling culture base is provided with a substrate treatment area for preparing and stacking nutrient soil; the seedling raising substrate is made of raw soil, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of red soil, 25 parts of cow dung and 8 parts of sandy soil, fully stirring uniformly, covering with a film for composting for 15-60 days, and using after fully decomposing. The seedling raising of the Tinospora crassipes is generally container seedling raising, the seedling raising container is a nutrition bag with the specification of 12cm multiplied by 15cm, nutrition soil is filled into the nutrition bag before seeding, and is conveyed into a nursery land in order to be placed into ridges, the ridges are 25 meters long, 1.2 meters wide, the ridge spacing is 0.5 meter, and the ridge direction is consistent with the direction of seawater swelling and ebb tide. The red soil is collected from Hainan island red soil.
3. Seed collection
The Tinospora cordifolia is propagated in a embryogenic mode, seeds develop in fruits to form immature seedlings hanging over a mother tree, the immature period of the seeds is 6-8 months per year, the seeds are green when young, gradually change from green to grey brown when mature, are thick in the middle, slightly small at two ends, obvious in skin holes and about 20-35 cm long, and a small number of small points are distributed at the lower ends of the seeds and are placed in a dark and cool place to be stored for later use.
In order to improve the survival rate of the seedlings, seeds in the local area or around the seedling raising area are collected and raised, the localization of the seeds is achieved as much as possible, and the growth environment of the seed collecting area is basically the same as that of the seedling raising area. The hypocotyls of the radix tinosporae are collected from the wild radix tinosporae mother tree near a seedling base.
4. Seed selection
The method is characterized in that the optimal seed source suitable for the local area is selected, mature hypocotyls which are grey brown in color and fresh and free of plant diseases and insect pests are selected for seedling culture, and immature and pest-damaged hypocotyls or germinated and germinated roots are seriously damaged and cannot be used for seedling culture.
5. Seed disinfection
Before sowing, the embryonic axis needs to be disinfected, and seeds after seed selection are put into 800-1000 times of 30% carbendazim solution or 1000-1200 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution for soaking for 5-10 minutes and then taken out;
6. seeding
The red sea olive is a typical birth plant, and the sowing mode is mainly that the seeds are sowed at any time. In the mature season of seeds, collecting the embryo axis without plant diseases and insect pests from the forest land, and sowing after disinfection treatment. Directly inserting the end of the embryonic axis without the pedicel into the nutrition bag. The growth point of the embryonic axis root system is 3-5 cm from the embryonic axis, in order to provide enough growth space for the root system, the transplanting depth of the embryonic axis is 2-4 cm, and the basal part of the embryonic axis is lightly pressed by hands to ensure that the embryonic axis is fully attached to the nutrient soil. Shading with shading net with 60-80% transmittance, covering with shading net before seed germination every day, rooting after 10 days, and germinating after 15-20 days. After about 20-30 days, after the seeds grow two true leaves, the sunshade net can be gradually lifted to train the seedlings, so that the seedlings slowly adapt to the growing environment of the sun and the naked sun, and the seedlings are prevented from burning the leaves due to direct sunlight.
7. Management of seedling stage
And (3) water and fertilizer management:
the seeds of the just sowed Canarium pimela are watered with fresh water 3-5 times a day to ensure that the seeds have sufficient water. Before the seeds germinate, the time for soaking the seeds in seawater and the salinity of the seawater are strictly controlled, so that the influence of long-time soaking in the seawater or overhigh salinity of the seawater on the germination rate of the seeds is avoided. And (3) watering fresh water for at least 2 times every day after 2 true leaves grow out from the seeds at 20-30 days after sowing, and watering enough fresh water in time after ebb tide every day, wherein the fresh water can supplement water required by seedling growth, and can rinse mud on seedling leaves and adjust the salinity of the nursery in time, so that the salinity of the nursery is controlled within a salinity range suitable for seedling growth, and the salinity of the soil during seed germination or seedling period is controlled within 5-10 per thousand. In the process of seedling culture, attention is paid to observing the growth condition of seedlings, the salinity change of the nursery land is observed timely, and the seedlings are prevented from being damaged due to overhigh salinity.
In the whole seedling growth process, reasonable fertilization is beneficial to strengthening seedlings and improving the stress resistance of the seedlings. Firstly, sufficient farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer are added when the nutrient soil is prepared, and then the fertilizer is properly applied for 3-5 times in combination with the growth condition of the nursery stock. The amino acid foliar fertilizer can be properly sprayed for 1 to 2 times in the seedling stage, the fertilization follows the principle that the organic fertilizer is taken as the main part, the chemical fertilizer is taken as the auxiliary part and a small amount of fertilizer is applied for many times, and the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer are mutually promoted to be matched, so that the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium reach the optimal proportion. In order to improve the lignification degree and the afforestation survival rate of the nursery stock, the nursery stock can not be fertilized one month before the nursery stock is produced. And (3) pest control:
according to the growth condition of the nursery stock, regularly spraying insecticidal and bactericidal agents on the seedlings to achieve prevention as a main part and comprehensive treatment; the diseases of the red sea olive in the seedling stage mainly comprise damping off, anthracnose and the like; damping-off is easily caused in high-temperature and high-humidity weather, the damping-off is mainly manifested as stem and leaf rot and root rot, diseases need to be timely pulled out, 75% chlorothalonil 800-1000 times liquid is used for spraying for prevention and treatment, and spraying is carried out once every 5-7 days for 3-4 times; the disease of the anthracnose is characterized in that the infected tissue is light brown, water stain-like soft rot and later ulceration, and the diseased plant should be removed in time after the plant is diseased, and the application is the same as that of damping off; the insect pest is mainly the leaf rolling caused by the fact that the crabs damage the roots, stems and spider webs of the crabs; the insect pest is mainly captured manually, a trap lamp is arranged to trap and kill the imagoes, and the imagoes are periodically sprayed with the insecticide for prevention, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 3-5 days for 4-6 times.
8. Hardening seedlings and outplanting
The seedlings in the container of the Tinospora cordifolia grow to more than 40 cm and can be outplanted, the seedlings with the height of 40-50 cm are the best outplanted seedlings, the outplanted seedlings need to be healthy, free of diseases and insect pests and good in growth vigor, in order to improve the salt resistance and the lignification degree of the seedlings, the seedlings are enabled to adapt to the afforestation environment quickly, the seedling reviving period is shortened, the afforestation survival rate is improved, and the seedlings are required to be acclimated before afforestation.
The nursery stock which reaches the afforestation specification and has the root which is already penetrated by the bag is cut off and hardened, a small shovel is used for slightly prying up the bottom of the nursery stock, the nursery stock is pulled up together with the bag to break the nutrition bag and stretch into the underground root system to be cut off, the nursery stock is put in place and tidily to carry out temporary planting and maintenance, the nursery stock can be temporarily planted and hardened by cutting off the root in place, the nursery stock can be temporarily planted and hardened in other places, but the cost for hardening the nursery stock in other places is relatively high. And (3) keeping the nursery stock with sufficient water every day within 7 days after the nursery stock is pulled out and the root is cut off, and irrigating fresh water for at least 1-2 times every day. And 7d, reducing the fresh water for irrigation after the seedling has broken roots, periodically submerging the seedling by seawater as much as possible, and enhancing the salt resistance and the lignification degree of the seedling so as to improve the survival rate of afforestation. The radix tinosporae is a slow-growing tree species, and the hardening time is 30 days. In order to save cost, the seedlings can be transported to a forestation area in advance for seedling hardening, and forestation can be carried out after the seedling hardening is finished.
Example 2
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of laterite, 35 parts of cow dung and 12 parts of sandy soil. The other steps are the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of red soil, 30 parts of cow dung and 10 parts of sandy soil. The other steps were the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of red soil, 25 parts of cow dung, 8 parts of sandy soil, 5 parts of vermiculite and 2 parts of biomass charcoal, and other steps are the same as those in example 1.
Example 5
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of laterite, 35 parts of cow dung, 12 parts of sandy soil, 10 parts of vermiculite and 5 parts of biomass charcoal, and other steps are the same as those in the example 1.
Example 6
The seedling raising substrate also comprises calcium superphosphate, and the addition amount of the calcium superphosphate is calculated according to the proportion of adding 50 kilograms to each cubic meter of cow dung. The other steps are the same as in example 4.
Example 7
The seedling raising substrate also comprises calcium superphosphate, and the addition amount of the calcium superphosphate is added according to the proportion of adding 100 kilograms of calcium superphosphate to each cubic meter of cow dung. The other steps are the same as in example 5.
Comparative example 1
And laterite is adopted in the seedling culture substrate. The other steps are the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The seedling raising matrix is formed by red soil and cow dung in a ratio of 1: 1. The other steps are the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The calcium superphosphate is added according to the proportion of 40 kilograms per cubic meter of cow dung, and other steps are the same as those in example 6.
Comparative example 4
The calcium superphosphate is added according to the proportion of 110 kilograms added per cubic meter of cow dung, and other steps are the same as those of the example 7.
The examples 1 to 7 and the comparative examples 1 to 4 were ten groups, one ridge per group, and were simultaneously grown. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Treatment of | Percentage of germination (%) | Survival rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 98 | 95 |
| Example 2 | 97 | 97 |
| Example 3 | 98 | 99 |
| Example 4 | 100 | 99 |
| Example 5 | 100 | 99.5 |
| Example 6 | 100 | 100 |
| Example 7 | 100 | 100 |
| Comparative example 1 | 93 | 70 |
| Comparative example 2 | 95 | 85 |
| Comparative example 3 | 100 | 98 |
| Comparative example 4 | 100 | 98 |
As shown in table 1, the germination rate and survival rate of the red sea olive seedlings are higher than those of the red sea olive seedlings which are only made of red earth (see comparative examples 1 and 2), and the germination rate and survival rate of the red sea olive seedlings are higher than those of the red earth and the cow dung which are made of 55-65 parts by weight, 25-35 parts by weight and 8-12 parts by weight of sandy soil (see comparative examples 1-3 and comparative example 2), and the average germination rate and survival rate are respectively 97.6% and 97% (see example 1-3 and comparative example 2);
the seedling raising substrate comprises 55-65 parts of red soil, 25-35 parts of cow dung, 8-12 parts of sandy soil, 5-10 parts of vermiculite and 2-5 parts of biomass carbon in parts by weight, the germination rate of the seedlings of the red sea olive is 100% (see example 4-5), and the germination rate of the seedlings of the red sea olive can be effectively improved by adding the vermiculite and the biomass carbon.
The seedling raising substrate comprises 55-65 parts of red soil, 25-35 parts of cow dung and 8-12 parts of sandy soil in parts by weight, the germination rate and the survival rate both reach 100% according to the seedling raising substrate of the red sea olive added with 50-100 kg of calcium superphosphate per cubic meter of cow dung (see examples 6-7), and the survival rate of the seedling raising substrate of the red sea olive added with 40 kg and 110 kg of calcium superphosphate per cubic meter of cow dung is not high (see comparative examples 3-4), so that the survival rate of the seedling raising of the red sea olive can be effectively improved by adding a certain amount of calcium superphosphate.
TABLE 2
| Treatment of | Base diameter (cm) | Lodging percentage (%) | Disease resistance (%) |
| Example 4 | 1-1.5 | 0.5 | 99.5 |
| Example 6 | 1.5-2 | 0 | 100 |
| Example 7 | 1.5-2 | 0 | 100 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.2-1.6 | 0.5 | 98.5 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1.1-1.7 | 1 | 98 |
As shown in tables 1 and 2, the addition amount of the calcium superphosphate is low or high, the germination rate is 100%, but the survival rate is not high, the low addition is caused by insufficient addition, the high addition is caused by excessive calcium superphosphate, the seedling is easy to lack elements such as silicon, zinc and the like, the seedling base diameter is small, and the lodging resistance and the disease resistance are poor.
Therefore, the survival rate of the radix tinosporae in the technical scheme of the application is remarkably improved by using the calcium superphosphate as a seedling culture substrate raw material, and the influence on the survival rate is different due to different addition amounts.
Example 7
In the sowing step, the transplanting depth of the embryonic axis is 2-4 cm, and other seedling raising steps are the same as the implementation 2.
Comparative example 5
In the sowing step, the transplanting depth of the embryonic axis is 1-2 cm, and other seedling raising steps are the same as the implementation 2.
Comparative example 6
In the sowing step, the transplanting depth of the embryonic axis is 4-5 cm, and other seedling raising steps are the same as those in the embodiment 2.
Example 7 and comparative examples 5 to 6 were carried out in three groups, one ridge for each group, and seedlings were raised simultaneously. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 3
As shown in Table 3, the optimal depth of embryo axis transplanting is 2-4 cm, and the survival rate of the seedlings of the Tinospora cordifolia reaches 100%; the transplanting is less than 2cm, the transplanting is too shallow, seedlings are easy to fall, the average underground biomass of each plant is less, and the seedlings are difficult to root; the seedlings are planted in the positions of more than 4 cm, the seedlings are not easy to fall, but the growth points of the root systems of the embryonic axis are 3-5 cm away from the embryonic axis, most of the growth points of the root systems are inserted into the matrix and are limited in oxygen and growth space, the time for exposing the top embryo to the sea level is short, sufficient photosynthesis is less for the leaf buds, and the seedling survival rate is slightly low.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for raising seedlings of the radix tinosporae with high germination rate and survival rate sequentially comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of nursery site selection, seedling substrate preparation, seed collection, seed selection, hypocotyl disinfection, seeding, water and fertilizer management, pest control and hardening and seedling, and is characterized in that: the seedling substrate comprises raw materials of laterite, cow dung, sandy soil, vermiculite and biomass charcoal, is covered by a film after being stirred, is piled and retted for 15-60 days, and is used after being thoroughly decomposed; the seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of laterite, 25-35 parts of cow dung, 8-12 parts of sandy soil, 5-10 parts of vermiculite and 2-5 parts of biomass carbon;
the seedling substrate raw material composition also comprises calcium superphosphate, and the addition amount of the calcium superphosphate is added according to the proportion of 50-100 kg per cubic meter of cow dung;
the sowing mode is mainly that the follow-up sowing is carried out, one end of the embryonic axis without the fruit base is directly inserted into the nutrition bag, the inserting depth is 2-4 cm, the basal part of the embryonic axis is pressed to enable the embryonic axis to be attached to the nutrition soil, a sunshade net with the transmittance of 60% -80% is used for shading, the sunshade net is covered every day before the embryonic axis germinates, and after two true leaves grow out from the embryonic axis, the sunshade net is lifted to refine the seedlings.
2. The method for raising seedlings of Canarium pimela with high germination rate and survival rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water and fertilizer management comprises two links of watering and fertilizing, and the watering link is as follows: fresh water is poured for 3-5 times every day on the embryonic axis which is just sown; after sowing for 20-30 days, after 2 true leaves grow out from the embryonic axis, fresh water is poured for at least 2 times every day, and fresh water is poured in time after ebb tide every day; the soil salinity is controlled between 5 per mill and 10 per mill during the embryonic axis germination and seedling period;
the fertilization link is as follows: fertilizing the nursery stock for 3-5 times in the period from sowing to outplanting; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times in the seedling stage; the nursery stock is not fertilized one month before being outplanted.
3. The method for raising seedlings of Canarium pimela with high germination rate and survival rate as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the hardening and seedling outplanting is to carry out root breaking and hardening when the container seedlings of the red sea olive grow to the height of more than 40 cm, are healthy, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have good growth vigor, and the roots are bagged; and put in place or put in different places to carry out temporary planting maintenance; keeping the sufficient water of the nursery stock every day within 7 days after the root of the nursery stock is cut off, and irrigating fresh water for 1-2 times every day; and 7d, reducing the amount of fresh water for irrigation after the seedling has root cut, and periodically soaking the seedling in seawater.
4. The method for raising seedlings of Canarium pimela with high germination rate and survival rate as claimed in claim 3, wherein: when the seedlings of the container of the red sea olive grow to the height of 40-50 cm, hardening the seedlings and outplanting.
5. The method for raising seedlings of Canarium pimela with high germination rate and survival rate as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the seedling exercising time is 30 days.
6. The method for raising seedlings of Canarium pimela with high germination rate and survival rate as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
the nursery garden is located in a high tide beach where seawater is periodically submerged in a estuary area, and the water level is controlled to be 18-22 cm; after soil preparation, bleaching powder or quicklime is adopted for spraying and disinfection;
the seed collection is to collect hypocotyls which are gray brown and have the length of 20 cm-35 cm, and the seed collection time is 6-8 months per year;
selecting a hypocotyl without diseases and insect pests;
the embryo axis disinfection is that the embryo axis after seed selection is put into 800 to 1000 times of 30 percent carbendazim solution or 1000 to 1200 times of 75 percent chlorothalonil solution for soaking for 5 to 10min and then taken out;
the pest control is to pull out the disease plant in time, and spray the disease plant with 800-1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution for 3-4 times each 5-7 days; the insect pest treatment mode is to arrange a trap lamp to trap and kill the imagoes and spray insecticide for prevention, wherein spraying is carried out once every 3 to 5 days for 4 to 6 times.
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| CN114027079A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-11 | 海南大学 | Method for planting mangroves in gravel area of aquaculture pond |
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