CN109511455A - A kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil - Google Patents
A kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109511455A CN109511455A CN201811628611.5A CN201811628611A CN109511455A CN 109511455 A CN109511455 A CN 109511455A CN 201811628611 A CN201811628611 A CN 201811628611A CN 109511455 A CN109511455 A CN 109511455A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of biological ridge construction method of solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil, and the gradient according to Slope Cropland with Purple Soil is divided into several cultivating units by slope surface along contour direction and along slope direction, the low bank of earth between fields and gutter are built between cultivating unit;Gutter is laid between the low bank of earth between fields and the cultivating unit at upward slope position, and back ditch is laid between the low bank of earth between fields and the cultivating unit at descending position;The gutter is along the two sides for being set to cultivating unit along slope direction;The plant of protecting ridge is planted on the low bank of earth between fields, constructs the solid soil shield bank biology ridge.It forms the biological ridge and plays by planting the plant of protecting ridge and retain rainwash and silt, reduce the soil erosion on sloping upland, the plant of protecting ridge is acted on further through root system of plant, is played the role of holding field bund, is prevented destroying by rush of water for ridge bank from collapsing;Furthermore it selects the planting of economy on the low bank of earth between fields, and the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant household can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil erosion prevention technology fields, and in particular to a kind of biology of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil
Build method in the ridge.
Background technique
Slope Cropland with Purple Soil is the main agricultural production place in reservoir area of Three Gorges, has protrusion to the income of local people
Effect.But since soil of metalling run out on Slope Cropland with Purple Soil runs the serious of fertilizer, Slope Cropland with Purple Soil becomes soil erosion in China
Important spot, Slope Cropland with Purple Soil soil erosion amount occupy 30% or so of national soil erosion total amount.So administering
Slope Cropland with Purple Soil soil erosion and to prevent the raised path through fields from collapsing very urgent.Just because of this, protect and be transformed Slope Cropland with Purple Soil at
The problem of being studied for numerous scholars.For science and effective use Slope Cropland with Purple Soil, China is in the eighties in last century from foreign countries
Slope Cropland with Purple Soil biology ridge mode is introduced, the biological ridge is that the great representative Slope Cropland with Purple Soil water and soil conservation of one kind is arranged
It applies, can play and reduce slope runoff, reduce soil losses and reduce pollution of area source important function.Simultaneously as having built life
The object ridge, the distribution of root system of plant, which also plays, prevents the biological ridge from collapsing, and protects the effect of the raised path through fields.
Although " transforming slope into terrace " engineering in the past 20 years achieves the effect of some water and soil conservations, but the big cost of the project amount
Height needs the investment of a large amount of manpower and material resources.Moreover, the field bund for all kinds of inanimates built well, in the earth's surface diameter that rainfall is formed
It flows under souring, field bund is easy to collapse, and rainfall runoff constantly collects, and soil particle is destroyed, and moves down with runoff, ground
The ridge is easy to be destroyed by rush of water under the percussion of powerful cement stream, leads to retain water and soil or easy to form sternly in time
The soil erosion of weight.
Therefore, a kind of field bund construction for capableing of the solid soil shield bank of the good Slope Cropland with Purple Soil of simple and easy and effect how is designed
Method is the research direction of those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to solve the ground of existing all kinds of inanimates
The ridge the problem of being easy to collapse, cannot prevent erosion well, provides under the rainwash souring that rainfall is formed
A kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil, can effectively prevent and reduce soil erosion, protect farmland.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that it is such:
Method is built on a kind of biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil, and the gradient according to Slope Cropland with Purple Soil is by slope surface
Several cultivating units are divided into along contour direction and along slope direction, the low bank of earth between fields and gutter are built between cultivating unit;It is described
Gutter is laid between the low bank of earth between fields and the cultivating unit at upward slope position, and back ditch is laid between the low bank of earth between fields and the cultivating unit at descending position;Institute
Gutter is stated along the two sides for being set to cultivating unit along slope direction;The plant of protecting ridge is planted on the low bank of earth between fields, constructs the solid soil shield bank biology ridge.
Further, the cultivating unit slope surface length and the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil gradient relationship are as follows:
1. when α < 3 °, L is 10~15m;
2. when 3 ° < α < 5 °, L is 9~11m;
3. when 5 ° < α < 8 °, L is 8~10m;
4. when 8 ° < α < 15 °, L is 6~8m;
5. when 15 ° < α < 25 °, L is 3~6m;
6. when 25 ° < α < 30 °, L is 2~4m;Wherein, the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil gradient is α, and slope surface length is L.
Further, desilting reservoir, the desilting reservoir and row are built along contour direction in the cultivating unit lower part
Ditch connection;The gutter, back ditch, gutter and desilting reservoir form a complete slope surface water system, reinforce the biological ridge
Gu soil shield bank benefit.
Further, the depth of the desilting reservoir is 30~50cm, and width is 60~80cm.
Further, the width of the low bank of earth between fields is 50~80cm;A height of 10~the 30cm in inside;A height of 30~the 100cm in outside.Its
In, nearly upward slope position is inside at the top of the low bank of earth between fields, and nearly descending position is outside.
Further, the equal width of the gutter and back ditch is 20~40cm, and depth is 10~30cm;The width in the gutter
Degree is 30~40cm, and depth is 20~30cm.
Further, the plant of protecting ridge is planted in low bank of earth between fields top and waist, and the inside uniline at the top of the low bank of earth between fields plants arbor;Soil
Ridge waist plants uniline shrub.
Further, the plant of protecting ridge selects mulberry tree, Chinese prickly ash or alfalfa;The xylophytas such as mulberry tree and Chinese prickly ash are uniline
Plantation;Available two row of the mode plantation of disseminating and plant seedlings of the herbaceous plant such as alfalfa.
Further, the xylophyta includes mulberry tree, Chinese pricklyash, which is uniline plantation, and spacing in the rows is 50~
80cm。
Further, the herbaceous plant includes alfalfa, which is to disseminate or plant seedlings plantation, spacing in the rows for 20~
40cm。
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
1, the present invention forms biology by building the low bank of earth between fields on Slope Cropland with Purple Soil and planting the plant of protecting ridge on the low bank of earth between fields
The ridge, which plays, retains rainwash and silt, reduces the soil erosion on sloping upland, and the plant of protecting ridge is made further through root system of plant
With, play the role of hold field bund, prevent destroying by rush of water for ridge bank from collapsing;The rainwater that desilting reservoir is retained can be used to fill again
It irrigates.Furthermore it selects the planting of economy on the low bank of earth between fields, and the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant household can be improved.
2, this method does not need the investment of a large amount of manpower and financial resources, saves money and has haved the function that solid soil shield bank.It is raw
The building materials on the object ridge is easy to get, it is relatively simple to operate, and the low bank of earth between fields of build can take soil around sloping upland, selects plantation
The plant of protecting ridge, such as mulberry tree, Chinese prickly ash, alfalfa plant expense are relatively cheap, it is only necessary to which seldom seedling is taken and labour cost, easily
Received by peasant households.It is largely shifted especially suitable for rural laborer as reservoir area of Three Gorges, Mountain Area arable land is nervous, compels to be essential
The area of prevention and control of soil erosion is carried out to sloping upland.The manpower and material resources of field bund investment are built on sloping upland using the present invention
It is few, it is easy to operate, and peasant also has the habit for building field bund, so field bund construction is easy to be received by peasant.
3, the present invention forms biology by building the low bank of earth between fields on Slope Cropland with Purple Soil and planting the plant of protecting ridge on the low bank of earth between fields
The ridge, the biological ridge, which plays, retains rainwash and silt;Soil water stability index after building the Chinese prickly ash biology ridge is 0.743, is built
Soil water stability index after building the mulberry tree biology ridge is 0.501, and the soil water stability index after building the alfalfa biology ridge is
0.442, the soil water stability index 0.365 of the relatively conventional low bank of earth between fields, the soil on biological ridge index against corrosion greatly improves, and reduces purple
Soil erosion on color slight slope arable land.The plant of protecting ridge is acted on further through root system of plant, is played fixing field bund, is prevented the biological ridge
Destroy by rush of water and collapse;The rainwater that desilting reservoir is retained can be used for irrigating;Select the planting of economy on the low bank of earth between fields, and energy
The economic well-being of workers and staff for improving peasant household, serves multiple.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the cross-section diagram of the low bank of earth between fields in a kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the suitable slope section signal in a kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 3 is the floor map in a kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram in a kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil of the present invention.
In figure, 1- sloping upland, the 2- low bank of earth between fields, 3- gutter, 4- back ditch, the gutter 5-, 6- desilting reservoir, 7- shield stalk plant,
8- element soil.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Method is built on a kind of biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil, according to sloping upland 1 the gradient by slope surface along etc.
High line direction and suitable slope direction are divided into several cultivating units, and the low bank of earth between fields 2 and gutter 5 are built between cultivating unit;The life
Gutter 3 is laid between the object ridge 2 and the cultivating unit at upward slope position, and back is laid between the biological ridge 2 and the cultivating unit at descending position
Ditch 4;The gutter 5 is along the two sides for being set to cultivating unit along slope direction;The plant of protecting ridge 7 is planted on the low bank of earth between fields 2, constructs solid soil shield bank
The biological ridge.The present invention can reduce runoff to the carrying capacity of silt, and soil loss amount greatly reduces, so that playing prevents from collapsing
It collapses, protects the effect of the raised path through fields, effectively prevent and reduce soil erosion, protect farmland.
It is long according to the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil gradient and slope surface first when building the biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil
Slope Cropland with Purple Soil 1 is divided into the cultivating unit plot of corresponding slope surface length by the relationship of degree;It is determined according to different gradient α
The length of different cultivating units.Specific choice relationship is as shown in table 1.
The relationship of table 1 Slope Cropland with Purple Soil gradient α and slope surface length L
It should be noted that being not suitable for carrying out farming, should conceding the land to forestry in time when the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil gradient is greater than 30 °
It is also careless.
Then the low bank of earth between fields 2 is built between the cultivating unit of division, the section of the low bank of earth between fields 2 is shown in Fig. 1, and 2 lower part of the low bank of earth between fields is rammed with element soil 8
It is real.The determination of the size of the low bank of earth between fields 2 mainly considers the stabilization of the low bank of earth between fields 2 and the convenience of walking, and the width of the low bank of earth between fields 2 is 50~80cm, interior
A height of 10~the 30cm in side, a height of 30~100cm in outside, wherein the nearly upward slope position in 2 top of the low bank of earth between fields is inside, and nearly descending position is
Outside.
Referring to fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 have excavated channel on the biological ridge up and down, and the channel on top is gutter 3, the ditch of lower part
Road is back ditch 4.The width of gutter 3 and back ditch 4 is 20~40cm, and depth is 10~30cm.Along the suitable slope of the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil 1
Avris builds gutter 5, and the width in gutter 5 is 30~40cm, and depth is 20~30cm, gutter 3 and back ditch 4 and the gutter
5 are connected.Desilting water storage is built at the minimum position of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil 1, along the contour direction of the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil 1
Pond 6, the depth of desilting reservoir 6 are 30~50cm, and width is 60~80cm.By the soil of 6 bottom of desilting reservoir and surrounding into
Row compacting, improves its water holding capacity.The gutter 5 is connected with the desilting reservoir 6, in this way, the product of gutter 3 and back ditch 4
Water energy enough passes through gutter 5 and enters desilting reservoir 6, and the rainwater retained can be used to irrigate.The gutter 3 built and back ditch 4 are led to
It crosses gutter 5 to be connected in desilting reservoir 6, matched channel and desilting reservoir 6 form a complete slope surface water system, add
The solid soil shield bank benefit on Johnson & Johnson's object ridge.The soil that gutter 3, back ditch 4, gutter 5 and desilting reservoir 6 are excavated when building is available
In building for the low bank of earth between fields 2.
In view of desilting reservoir 6, gutter 5, gutter 3 and the blockage problem for carrying on the back ditch 4, it is matched to the biological ridge heavy to need
Husky reservoir 6, gutter 5, gutter 3 and shoal materials and the fallen leaves weeds carried on the back in ditch 4 are cleared up, the silt that will be cleaned up
The top of each cultivating unit is returned to, the loss of soil on slope is covered;The fallen leaves weeds cleaned up are attached in Slope Cropland with Purple Soil 1
It is close to implement artificial compost, organic fertilizer resource is provided for 1 farming of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil.
The plantation shield stalk plant 7 on the low bank of earth between fields 2, makes the low bank of earth between fields 2 become the biological ridge.The plant of protecting ridge is planted on the low bank of earth between fields 2, protects ridge-planting
The spacing in the rows that species are planted is to lay the key technology on the biological ridge, and spacing in the rows is excessive, and root system is sparse, is unfavorable for the solid soil shield bank of root system, spacing in the rows
It is too small, it is unfavorable for the plant of protecting ridge growth.The plant for taking into account economic benefit and solid soil shield bank effect is selected to obstruct plant 7 as shield, it can
To select xylophyta or herbaceous plant, woody the plant of protecting ridge root long and root surface area are greater than the herb biology ridge, the woody biology ridge
Water stability index, Aggregates stability are greater than the herb biology ridge, and it is high to resist erosiveness.It is serious for soil erosion degree
Region, select xylophyta such as mulberry tree, Chinese pricklyash etc. to be used as the plant of protecting ridge;It is optional in the slight region of soil erosion degree
Use herbaceous plant such as alfalfa etc. as the plant of protecting ridge.In principle woody the plant of protecting ridge be uniline plantation, spacing in the rows be 50~
80cm.Draft the plant of protecting ridge is plantation of disseminating or plant seedlings, and spacing in the rows is 20~40cm.The plant of protecting ridge laid in this way can give birth to rapidly
It is long, play the role of solid soil shield bank.The xylophyta plantation is in the inside at 2 top of the low bank of earth between fields;The shrub and herbaceous plant kind
It plants inside and outside the top of the low bank of earth between fields 2 and/or waist.The plant of protecting ridge is planted to the inside or inside and outside two at 2 top of the low bank of earth between fields by selection
Side is to allow peasant household and small-sized machine to pass through from the bank of the ridge, and being planted in 2 waist of the low bank of earth between fields can effectively improve Slope Cropland with Purple Soil 1
Utilization rate and economic benefit, and have remarkable effect to maintenance ridge bank stability, advantageously reduce soil erosion.
The solid soil shield bank effect on the conventional low bank of earth between fields, the Chinese prickly ash biology ridge, the mulberry tree biology ridge and the alfalfa biology ridge is carried out
Compare.Conventional 2 structural body destructive rate of the low bank of earth between fields is 50.37%;Chinese prickly ash biology ridge structural body destructive rate is 17.53%, mulberry tree biology
Ridge structural body destructive rate is 30.10%, and alfalfa biology ridge structural body destructive rate is 45.83%.From solid native effect and Hu Kan
Effect is compared biological ridge benefit, and specific relatively data are shown in Table 2.Wherein, structural body destructive rate=[dry screen (> 0.25mm
Aggregate)-wet screening (> 0.25mm aggregate)]/dry screen (> 0.25mm aggregate) × 100%.
The solid soil shield bank effect in the 2 Slope Cropland with Purple Soil biology ridge of table
It can be seen that high using the Chinese prickly ash biology ridge, the mulberry tree biology ridge and the alfalfa biology ridge, water stability index
In the conventional low bank of earth between fields, the erosion durability of soil can the more conventional low bank of earth between fields greatly improve.After the biological ridge is built up, Gu native effect and shield bank effect are all
It is significantly increased.From the point of view of solid native effect, biological ridge soil organic matter content, the more conventional low bank of earth between fields of water stability index be increased,
The all more conventional low bank of earth between fields in the amplification the smallest alfalfa biology ridge has increased separately 27.9%, 15.6%.It is raw from the point of view of protecting bank effect
The saturation moisture content and shearing strength on the object ridge all increase, the Chinese prickly ash biology ridge, the mulberry tree biology ridge, the alfalfa biology ridge it is full
It is respectively increased 33.1%, 55.7%, 20.1% with the more conventional low bank of earth between fields of water content, saturation moisture content raising will increase the biological ridge
Stability.Therefore, the biological ridge is built using biological ridge construction method provided by the invention, soil porosity can be significantly improved
With stable infiltration rate, water stability index, shearing strength, saturation moisture content and the content of organic matter, and can reduce structural body destruction
Rate and the soil weight improve the impact resilience and corrosion stability on the biological ridge.The biological ridge can play the work for retaining rainwash and silt
With the soil erosion being obviously reduced on Slope Cropland with Purple Soil.
Finally, it should be noted that technical side the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting
Case, those skilled in the art should understand that, modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention are made for those, and
The objective and range for not departing from the technical program, are intended to be within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. method is built on a kind of biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil, which is characterized in that according to Slope Cropland with Purple Soil (1)
The gradient be divided into several cultivating units by slope surface along contour direction and along slope direction, the low bank of earth between fields is built between cultivating unit
(2) and gutter (5);Gutter (3) are laid between the low bank of earth between fields (2) and the cultivating unit at upward slope position, the low bank of earth between fields (2) and descending portion
Back ditch (4) is laid between the cultivating unit of position;The gutter (5) is along the two sides for being set to cultivating unit along slope direction;The low bank of earth between fields (2)
Upper plantation the plant of protecting ridge (7) constructs the solid soil shield bank biology ridge.
2. method is built on the biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Cultivating unit slope surface length and the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil gradient relationship are as follows:
1. when α < 3 °, L is 10~15m;
2. when 3 ° < α < 5 °, L is 9~11m;
3. when 5 ° < α < 8 °, L is 8~10m;
4. when 8 ° < α < 15 °, L is 6~8m;
5. when 15 ° < α < 25 °, L is 3~6m;
6. when 25 ° < α < 30 °, L is 2~4m;Wherein, the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil gradient is α, and slope surface length is L.
3. method is built on the biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Cultivating unit lower part is built desilting reservoir (6) along contour direction, and the desilting reservoir (6) is connected to gutter (5);Institute
It states gutter (3), back ditch (4), gutter (5) and desilting reservoir (6) and forms a complete slope surface water system, reinforce the biological ridge
Gu soil shield bank benefit.
4. method is built on the biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described
The depth of desilting reservoir is 30~50cm, and width is 60~80cm.
5. method is built on the biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil according to claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that
The width of the low bank of earth between fields (2) is 50~80cm;A height of 10~the 30cm in inside;A height of 30~the 100cm in outside.
6. method is built on the biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil according to claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that
The equal width of the gutter and back ditch is 20~40cm, and depth is 10~30cm;The width in the gutter is 30~40cm, deep
Degree is 20~30cm.
7. method is built on the biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The plant of protecting ridge (7) is planted at the top of the low bank of earth between fields (2) and waist, and the inside uniline at the top of the low bank of earth between fields (2) plants arbor;The low bank of earth between fields (2) waist
Plant uniline shrub.
8. method is built on the biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described
The plant of protecting ridge (7) selects mulberry tree, Chinese prickly ash or alfalfa;The xylophytas such as mulberry tree and Chinese prickly ash are uniline plantation;Alfalfa etc.
Available two row of the mode plantation of disseminating and plant seedlings of herbaceous plant.
9. method is built on the biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil according to claim 8, which is characterized in that described
Xylophyta includes mulberry tree, Chinese pricklyash, which is uniline plantation, and spacing in the rows is 50~80cm.
10. method is built on the biological ridge of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil according to claim 8, which is characterized in that institute
Stating herbaceous plant includes alfalfa, which is plantation of disseminating or plant seedlings, and spacing in the rows is 20~40cm.
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