CN101999264A - Big cross slope and small downward slope type slope terraced field structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Big cross slope and small downward slope type slope terraced field structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a big cross slope and small downward slope type slope terraced field structure and a construction method thereof. The structure is as follows: the upper border and the lower border of a sloping surface plot are provided with plant protective ridge terraces, the upper side and the lower side of each terrace are respectively provided with a side ditch and a back ditch, and other periphery of the sloping surface plot is provided with drainage ditches connecting with the upper border terrace back ditches and the lower border terrace side ditches along the slope surface to form a drainage network drain; the sloping surface plot in the drainage network drain is divided into multiple downward slope ridging zones by cross slop damming ditches; a plurality of small ridging downward slopes are evenly distributed in the downward slope ridging zones; a ditch is arranged between adjacent small downward slopes; and all the ditches in the downward slope ridging zones are communicated with the damming ditches and side ditches of the cross slope. The invention has the characteristics of retaining water, reducing erosion, saving labor force and being convenient for operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sloping terrace constructing technology in the agricultural technology field, particularly relate to a kind of " big horizontal wall inscription+Xiao Shunpo " the sloping terrace structure and construction method of ploughing on purple abrupt slope, reservoir area of Three Gorges that be applicable to.
Background technology
The reservoir area of Three Gorges is in China, and particularly the social economy of the Yangtze river basin, water resource safety and ecological protective screen aspect have important strategic position.The construction of Three Gorges Projects, operation and relocation of people from reservoir areas are settled and also will be produced great influence to reservoir area and watershed ecosystem, face of land process and social economy.After the Three Gorges Reservoir retaining, the reservoir area is flooded and is ploughed 38.95 ten thousand mu, makes the contradiction of regional development and resource, environmental carrying capacity more sharp-pointed; Because it is a large amount of back by infrastructure constructions such as immigration allocation and cities and towns, highway, pipelines, non-farming land increases considerably, water and soil conservation difficulty such as conceding the land to forestry (grass) and restoration of the ecosystem have not only been increased, and be developing rural economy and raising grain yield, force and on limited land resources, strengthen availability and cultivation rate, increase the weight of water and soil loss.Show that according to water and soil loss in 2005 bulletin the water and soil loss area accounts for 48.55% of territory area; It is main that moderate corrodes, and accounts for 19.90% of territory area; The slight erosion accounts for 14.15% of territory area; Deep erosion accounts for 12.23% of territory area; Pole strength and acutely account for 2.27% of territory area.Purple soil distributed areas, reservoir area of Three Gorges account for 78.4% of the reservoir area gross area, and wherein the overwhelming majority is a steep hillslope.The Three Gorges Reservoir retaining is flooded and is migrated the back by increasing the weight of the purple slight slope load of ploughing, and how effectively to control purple slight slope arable soil and corrodes, improves grain yield and then become the task of top priority.
For a long time, reservoir area slope arable land farming is extensive, soil output capacity and labor productivity are low, it is not high to resist natural calamity abilities such as arid and flood, (the average annual water and soil loss amount in reservoir area reaches 1.5 hundred million tons to severe water and soil erosion, more than 4,000 ten thousand tons of warehouse-in silts, the slope arable soil corrodes and accounts for more than 60% of total water and soil loss amount), not only cause the soil layer attenuation, land deterioration, productivity of land descends, the poverty life of peasants and the deterioration of the ecological environment, the serious structure that hinders mountain area and ethnic mimority area socio-economic development and harmonious society causes serious threat to hydroelectric project safety such as the water security of middle and lower reaches and Three Gorges.
Eighties of last century is since the eighties, and country has implemented series engineerings such as " Changzhi ", " upgrading low-and medium-yield farmland ", " Tian Bao ", " conceding the land to forestry (grass) " in succession in Upper Yangtze River, achieve noticeable achievement.But large-area mountain area and arable land, slope, minority area working condition are improved as yet at all, and water and soil loss and land deterioration situation are still severe.
" transforming slope into terrace " is the emphasis of " Changzhi " and engineerings such as " upgrading low-and medium-yield farmlands " always, but bench terrace, (3000～5000 yuan/mu of cost height, the reservoir area of Three Gorges is higher, nearly 10000 yuan/mu), the abrupt slope terraced fields ladder ridge is taken up an area of many, and needs high-intensity manpower and materials input, under the situation that a large amount of rural laborers go out to work and " two workers " cancels, transform arable land, major part slope as bench terrace and face a severe challenge.Therefore, business departments such as agricultural and water and soil conservation are just making great efforts to seek new arable land, slope regulation pattern and technology, solve the regulation problem of ploughing in large tracts of land slope, reservoir area of Three Gorges.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the technology of the present invention provides that a kind of cost is low, easy and simple to handle, the peasant is willing to accept, and is that the big horizontal wall inscription of core adds little longitudinal sloping terrace structure to control the rill erosion of sloping arable land.
The purpose of the technology of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of big horizontal wall inscription adds little longitudinal sloping terrace structure, domatic plot upper limb and lower edge all are provided with plant and protect the candy ridge, the upside of this field bund and downside are respectively arranged with gutter and back of the body ditch, all edges of all the other of domatic plot are domatic be provided with the back of the body ditch that connects domatic plot upper limb and domatic plot lower edge gutter the drain ditch and form the drainage network canal; Domatic plot in the canal of drainage network is separated into a plurality of along sloping ridging district by the horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain; Along the uniform little suitable slope of some ridgings that is provided with in the sloping ridging district, be provided with furrow between adjacent two little suitable slopes, and be connected with horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain and gutter along all furrows in the sloping ridging district, the domatic length of Xiao Shunpo in suitable sloping ridging district is less than the critical length of grade of this domatic generation rill.
The upper side that above-mentioned plant is protected the candy ridge is a vertical plane, and the inclination angle Q of downside and horizontal plane is 30～80 °.
When the gradient in above-mentioned domatic plot was 10 °, little length along the slope was 6.5m, and the field bund height is 20cm in the field bund plant hedge, the wide 25cm of field bund end face, and the width of gutter and back of the body ditch is 20cm, and the degree of depth is 20cm, and inclination angle Q is 60 °; When the gradient in domatic plot was 15 °, little length along the slope was 4.5m, and the field bund height is 15cm in the field bund plant hedge, the wide 30cm of field bund end face, and the width of gutter and back of the body ditch is 25cm, and the degree of depth is 15cm, and inclination angle Q is 45 °.
Another object of the present invention provides that a kind of cost is low, easy and simple to handle, the peasant is willing to accept, and is the method for construction that the big horizontal wall inscription of core adds little longitudinal sloping terrace to control the rill erosion of sloping arable land.
Another object of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of method of construction of sloping terrace structure:
A), at domatic plot upper limb and lower edge along the domatic field bund of laterally all building, the upper side of field bund is a vertical plane, the inclination angle of downside and horizontal plane is 30 °～80 °; Protect the ridge-planting thing in the dense planting of field bund downside, the upside of field bund and downside excavate gutter and back of the body ditch respectively, and the domatic excavation in all the other all edges connects the irrigation canals and ditches of upper limb field bund back of the body ditch and lower edge field bund gutter and forms the drainage network canal in domatic plot.
B), many horizontal wall inscription intercepting drains of the excavation of the domatic plot in the canal of drainage network, will domaticly be divided into some suitable sloping ridging districts; Along some little in the sloping ridging district, excavate furrow between the adjacent little suitable slope along the slope along domatic even ridging; And make along furrow in the sloping ridging district and be connected with horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain and gutter; The suitable domatic length in suitable sloping ridging district is less than the critical length of grade of this domatic generation rill.
The arable land, slope in the vast mountain area of Upper Yangtze River is found in investigation, and the efficiency of manual contour tillage is low, adopt along sloping planting patterns, but in order to prevent soil loss and to improve productivity of land, the peasant has horizontal wall inscription water custom entirely again always.The present invention is on the basis of summing up peasant's experience, the method that adopts manual simulation's test to combine with isotopic tagging, found out the Upper Yangtze River purple abrupt slope critical length of grade that rill erosion takes place under the different domatic situations of ploughing, the correlative study paper publishing is in " institute of Changjiang Academy of sciences newspaper " the 10th phase in 2010.According to the critical length of grade of rill erosion generation and local peasant's long-term practice, the structure of science design " big horizontal wall inscription+Xiao Shunpo " sloping terrace is implemented horizontal wall inscription water entirely, effectively controls the water and soil loss of sloping arable land, child care and raising productivity of land.Science assessed " big horizontal wall inscription+Xiao Shunpo " sloping terrace the water transfer corrosion inhibitor, reduce the superiority of aspect such as labour's input.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, water conservation corrosion inhibitor
Adopt the result of isotopic tagging and district observation to show: " big horizontal wall inscription+Xiao Shunpo " sloping terrace improves 53.8% than arable land, the slope sediment trapping benefit that does not have to transform, the bulk density of soil reduces 11.57%, water content increases by 18.64%, and saturated hydraulic conductivity increases by 36.11%, and total porosity increases by 9.31%.
2, reducing the labour drops into
The transformation data in two hillside fields show in the reservoir area of Three Gorges: " big horizontal wall inscription+Xiao Shunpo " sloping terrace reduces by 0.75 ten thousand yuan/mu than bench terrace cost, labor savings 14.1 man day/mu (table 1).
3, easy and simple to handle, the peasant is willing to accept
The present invention has set up 24 mu of entity patterns (6 °～24 ° of the gradients) at station, Chinese Academy of Sciences Three Gorges, the soil is to plough in the own slope of local peasant, construction team is local existing labour, because most of young man goes out to do manual work, participate in 52 years old peasant's mean age that " big horizontal wall inscription+Xiao Shunpo " sloping terrace is transformed, maximum 68 years old, minimum 49 years old.Show that according to opinion poll local peasant favorablely accounts for 93%, indifferently accounts for 4% the acceptance level of " big horizontal wall inscription+Xiao Shunpo " sloping terrace Shi Bao town, Zhong County, Chongqing 300 people, opposition account for 3%.
The present invention is around purple abrupt slope, reservoir area of Three Gorges arable land water and soil loss characteristics and water and soil conservation target, calmodulin binding domain CaM rural society, economic development new situations, native " big horizontal wall inscription+Xiao Shunpo " sloping terrace constructing technology is protected in research and development arable land, abrupt slope water transfer, and technical system is renovated in formation low cost, high efficiency, hillside fields easy and simple to handle and that the peasant is willing to accept.Go into river silt etc. and have the important strategic meaning improving hillside fields productivity and farm labor efficiency, minimizing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the big horizontal wall inscription of the present invention adds little horizontal wall inscription type sloping terrace floor map;
Fig. 2 is that Fig. 1 is along the profile (two plants are shown protect the candy ridge and three little suitable slopes) along aspect.
Embodiment
Among Fig. 1, Fig. 2,1, the upper limb plant protects the candy ridge; 2, back of the body ditch; 2a, gutter; 3, furrow; 4, Xiao Shunpo; 5, horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain; 6, the lower edge plant is protected the candy ridge; 7, back of the body ditch; 7a, gutter; 8, drain ditch (and arranged on left and right sides is uniform).
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of big horizontal wall inscription adds little longitudinal sloping terrace structure,
Domatic plot upper limb, lower edge all are provided with plant and protect the candy ridge, the upper side of field bund is vertical plane (Fig. 2), the inclination angle Q of downside and horizontal plane is 30～80 °, the ridge-planting thing is protected in dense planting on the field bund downside, the upside of field bund and downside are respectively arranged with gutter and back of the body ditch, and all the other peripheries in domatic plot or and arranged on left and right sides are provided with the drain ditch of connection upper limb field bund back of the body ditch and lower edge field bund gutter and form the drainage network canal along domatic; Domatic plot in the canal of drainage network is separated into a plurality of along sloping ridging district by the horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain; Some ridgings are little of the slope along being provided with in the sloping ridging district, are provided with furrow between adjacent two little suitable slopes, and are connected with horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain and gutter along all furrows in the sloping ridging district; The domatic length of Xiao Shunpo in suitable sloping ridging district is less than the critical length of grade of this domatic generation rill.
Among Fig. 1, LR is " Xiao Shunpo " suitable length of grade, by the definite rill of the domatic feature of correspondence critical length of grade takes place and determines.
Among Fig. 2, LR is that " Xiao Shunpo " is along length of grade, with consistent among Fig. 1; It is wide, high that L, H are respectively the end face of field bund; H, w are respectively the ditch depth, wide of horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain: θ is side slope and a horizontal plane angle under the field bund.
The present invention has researched and developed " big horizontal wall inscription+Xiao Shunpo " the sloping terrace constructing technology that takes place with control arable land, purple abrupt slope rill erosion on the basis of experimental study, this technology adopts " horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain " to cut apart the plot, form " big horizontal wall inscription ", form " Xiao Shunpo " (seeing Table 1) in mode along sloping ridging.
Table 1 " big horizontal wall inscription+Xiao Shunpo " constructing technology relative dimensions
| The gradient (°) | LR(m) | L(cm) | H(cm) | h(cm) | W(cm) | θ(°) |
| 10 | 6.5 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 60 |
| 15 | 4.5 | 30 | 15 | 15 | 25 | 45 |
| …… |
A kind of method of construction of sloping terrace structure,
A), at domatic plot upper limb and lower edge along the domatic field bund of laterally all building, the upper side of field bund is a vertical plane, the inclination angle of downside and horizontal plane is 30 °～80 °; Protect the ridge-planting thing along field bund outside dense planting, the upside of field bund and downside excavate gutter and back of the body ditch respectively, and the domatic excavation in all the other all edges connects the irrigation canals and ditches of upper limb field bund back of the body ditch and lower edge field bund gutter and forms the drainage network canal in domatic plot.
B), many horizontal wall inscription intercepting drains of the excavation of the domatic plot in the canal of drainage network, will domaticly be divided into some suitable sloping ridging districts; Along some little in the sloping ridging district, excavate furrow between the adjacent little suitable slope along the slope along domatic even ridging; And make along furrow in the sloping ridging district and be connected with horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain and gutter; The suitable domatic length in suitable sloping ridging district is less than the critical length of grade of this domatic generation rill.
Claims (4)
1. a big horizontal wall inscription adds little longitudinal sloping terrace structure, it is characterized in that:
Domatic plot upper limb and lower edge all are provided with plant and protect the candy ridge, the upside of this field bund and downside are respectively arranged with gutter and back of the body ditch, all edges of all the other of domatic plot are domatic be provided with the back of the body ditch that connects domatic plot upper limb and domatic plot lower edge gutter the drain ditch and form the drainage network canal; Domatic plot in the canal of drainage network is separated into a plurality of along sloping ridging district by horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain (5); Along the uniform little suitable slopes of some ridgings (4) that are provided with in the sloping ridging district, be provided with furrow (3) between adjacent two little suitable slopes, and be connected with horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain and gutter along all furrows in the sloping ridging district, the domatic length L R of Xiao Shunpo in suitable sloping ridging district is less than the critical length of grade of this domatic generation rill.
2. add+little longitudinal sloping terrace building method according to the described big horizontal wall inscription of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the upper side that described plant is protected the candy ridge is a vertical plane, and the inclination angle Q of downside and horizontal plane is 30～80 °.
3. add+little longitudinal sloping terrace building method according to the described big horizontal wall inscription of claim 2, it is characterized in that: when the gradient in described domatic plot is 10 °, little length along the slope is 6.5m, plant protects that the field bund height H is 20cm in the candy ridge, the wide 25cm of field bund end face L, the width of gutter and back of the body ditch is 20cm, and the degree of depth is 20cm, and inclination angle Q is 60 °; When the gradient in domatic plot was 15 °, little length along the slope was 4.5m, and plant protects that the field bund height is 15cm in the candy ridge, the wide 30cm of field bund end face, and the width of gutter and back of the body ditch is 25cm, and the degree of depth is 15cm, and inclination angle Q is 45 °.
4. method of construction of sloping terrace structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
A), at domatic plot upper limb and lower edge along the domatic field bund of laterally all building, the upper side of field bund is a vertical plane, the inclination angle of downside and horizontal plane is 30 °～80 °; Protect the ridge-planting thing in the dense planting of field bund downside, the upside of field bund and downside excavate gutter and back of the body ditch respectively, and the domatic excavation in all the other all edges connects the irrigation canals and ditches of upper limb field bund back of the body ditch and lower edge field bund gutter and forms the drainage network canal in domatic plot.
B), many horizontal wall inscription intercepting drains of the excavation of the domatic plot in the canal of drainage network, will domaticly be divided into some suitable sloping ridging districts; Along some little in the sloping ridging district, excavate furrow between the adjacent little suitable slope along the slope along domatic even ridging; And make along furrow in the sloping ridging district and be connected with horizontal wall inscription intercepting drain and gutter; The suitable domatic length in suitable sloping ridging district is less than the critical length of grade of this domatic generation rill.
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