CN203256709U - Efficient ecological intercepting ditch suitable for dry land farmland - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of non-point source pollution control engineering, and discloses a high-efficiency ecological interception ditch suitable for dry land farmland. The cross section of the ditch is trapezoidal. The bottom of the canal is laid with grass-planting bricks, and the shape of the grass-planting bricks is figure 8. The cement board adopts a reinforced concrete structure, and 6-9 holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the cement board, and mushroom grass is planted in the holes. The utility model is simple, efficient, practical and economical, easy to maintain and easy to popularize, and can effectively solve the problems of large loss of nutrients such as N and P in the planting process of dry land farmland and serious eutrophication of surrounding water bodies.

Description

Efficient ecological interception ditches for dryland farmland

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of surface source pollution control engineering, in particular to a high-efficiency ecological interception ditch suitable for dry farmland. the

Background technique

Farmland non-point source pollution refers to the environment formed by the surface runoff and seepage of farmland through the surface runoff and farmland seepage of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, pesticides, and other organic or inorganic pollutants during farmland production activities. Pollution mainly includes chemical fertilizer pollution, pesticide pollution, livestock and poultry manure pollution, farmland solid waste pollution, etc. With the continuous increase of fertilizer consumption in the process of farmland planting, the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland soil and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus continue to increase, resulting in increased environmental pollution of farmland soil and water bodies. At present, agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main cause of eutrophication in lakes, rivers and other water bodies in my country, and farmland non-point source pollution has become an important factor in agricultural non-point source pollution due to its large area, wide range and difficult treatment. Relevant studies have shown that the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland is mainly through farmland runoff loss or leaching seepage loss. The ecological interception technology to control farmland runoff pollution is to control farmland non-point source pollution from the migration route, mainly including wetland engineering. technology, ecological ditch technology, coastal buffer zone control technology and artificial multi-pond technology, etc. Among them, wetland engineering technology and artificial multi-water pond technology have higher requirements on the natural environment around the farmland, and they need to occupy a large amount of farmland land, and the input cost is also high. higher. In recent years, there have been many studies on farmland ecological interception technology, such as: for example: the invention patent with the publication number CN102094407A, the application number is 201010616311, and the name is farmland runoff pollution ecological interception ditch, which involves a collection of farmland drainage and prevention and control of farmland non-point Farmland runoff pollution ecological interception ditches integrating source pollution, but the structure of the ditch system is relatively complex, and the cost of application in large-scale farmland is relatively high; the invention patent with the publication number CN102211820A, the application number is 201110079288, and the name is a non-point source pollution control The method relates to a method of using mycorrhizal technology to control non-point source pollution, which can strengthen the absorption capacity and absorption efficiency of plant nutrients in the non-point source pollution interception project, but the production, application and promotion of mycorrhizal technology in this invention have great potential. Strong restriction; Publication No. is CN1823564A invention patent, application number is 200610037908.5, the name is called vegetable field soil nitrogen and phosphorus runoff control ecological interception method, relates to a kind of vegetable field soil nitrogen and phosphorus runoff control ecological interception method, adopts the construction of ecological interception zone and interception ditch, but the construction of the ecological interception belt needs to occupy more land area. The application of the above research is limited, the technology investment cost is high, and the promotion is difficult. In my country, dryland planting is the core part of farmland planting. It has large farmland plots and less regional water resources. Farmland drainage is mainly farmland runoff generated by rainfall and irrigation. At present, there are few studies on ecological interception measures for non-point source pollution in dryland farmland, and the current ecological interception measures have high requirements for water resources, so it is difficult to apply them in dryland farmland. the

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model provides a simple, efficient, practical, economical, easy-to-maintain, and easy-to-promote high-efficiency ecological interception ditch suitable for dryland farmland non-point source pollution, which can effectively solve dryland farmland planting process N, Nutrient elements such as P are lost in a large amount, and the surrounding water body is seriously eutrophic. the

In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model is solved through the following technical solutions:

A high-efficiency ecological interception ditch suitable for dry farmland, the cross section of the ditch is trapezoidal, the surface of the ditch wall on both sides of the ditch is covered with cement boards with holes, and the bottom of the ditch is laid with grass-planting bricks. The shape is figure 8.

As a preference, the cement board adopts a reinforced concrete structure, and 6-9 holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the cement board, and mushroom grass is planted in the holes. The shape of the hole is any one or a combination of rectangle, rhombus, circle and triangle. the

Preferably, the specifications of the cement board are: 5 cm thick, 60 cm long, and 60 cm wide; the hole diameter is 5-10 cm, and the distance between two adjacent holes is 15-20 cm. the

As a preference, the specification of the grass planting brick is: thickness 8cm, length 40cm, width 20cm. the

As a preference, grasses are planted in the grass-planting bricks. the

Preferably, the ditch is provided with an interception filter, which is arranged at the beginning of the channel, and can perform preliminary interception and filtration of farmland runoff water, and can reduce the flow velocity of the water body. the

Hollow cement boards on the canal wall and grass-planting bricks at the canal bottom can effectively reduce the water and soil loss in the canal caused by rainfall; a large number of plants planted on the canal wall and canal bottom can absorb the nitrogen needed for growth directly from the water body and the particulate matter intercepted by itself. Phosphorus and other nutrients can also slow down the water flow and prolong the hydraulic retention time, thereby further promoting the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by the plants themselves; in addition, the plants in the ecological ditch can effectively intercept the farmland soil particles washed away by the rainwater, This part of the soil particles is deposited at the bottom of the channel, which also has a certain adsorption effect on nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients. Therefore, this ecological ditch has a strong ability to intercept and remove nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland runoff. the

Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the utility model has remarkable technical effects:

(1) The design of the ditches is simple and practical, and can be combined with farmland ditches to transform existing canals without occupying additional farmland land, and the construction cost is reasonable.

(2) The selected grass species have strong environmental adaptability, reproductive ability, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption ability, and good tolerance, and can adapt to various living environments from water to drought, from strong light to shade, etc. It requires less water in the channel, and the planting cost is lower. It is easy to harvest and maintain, and has strong landscaping properties. It can improve the absorption capacity of ecological ditches for nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients. the

(3) The plants in the ecological ditch can effectively intercept the farmland soil particles washed away by the rainwater. This part of the soil particles is deposited at the bottom of the ditch and has a certain adsorption effect on nitrogen and phosphorus. Grass planting bricks can effectively reduce soil erosion caused by heavy rainfall in farmland ditches. the

(4) The utility model has strong applicability, wide application range, reasonable daily operation and maintenance costs, simple and convenient, and has strong promotion value. It can be applied to different dry land farmlands, such as vegetable fields, wheat fields, flower fields, tea gardens, seedlings Tian et al. the

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a section view of an efficient farmland ecological ditch;

Fig. 2 is a structure plan view of a hole cement board;

Figure 3 is a plan view of the grass planting brick.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 to accompanying drawing 3 and embodiment the utility model is described in further detail:

Example 1

This example takes a typical vegetable intensive planting base in the Taihu Lake Basin as the demonstration object.

As shown in Figure 1, the original farmland ditch was transformed into a channel with a trapezoidal cross section. Cement boards with holes were laid in parallel on both sides of the ditch, and 8-shaped grass-planting bricks were laid in parallel on the bottom 2 of the ditch. the

As shown in Figure 2, the cement slab with holes on the canal wall is 5 cm thick, 60 cm long, and 60 cm wide. The diameter of the round hole is 8 cm, and the hole spacing is 20 cm. It is a reinforced concrete structure. As a perennial plant with high absorption capacity of nutrients such as P and strong environmental adaptability, a perennial emergent plant—Hydrocotyle vulgaris ( Hydrocotyle vulgaris ) is selected.

As shown in Figure 3, 8-shaped grass-planting bricks are laid on the bottom of the canal. The bricks are 8cm thick, 40cm long, and 20cm wide. Perennial Aquatic Grass - Myriophyllum spicatum

The total area of the vegetable base is 1100 mu, of which the planting area is 520 mu, mainly for facilities and open field vegetable planting. Before the construction of the demonstration project, the vegetable field wastewater was directly discharged without any effective treatment. The total nitrogen concentration at the total outlet was between 6.83 mgL ^-1 and 4.65 mgL ^-1 , and the total phosphorus concentration was between 1.93 mgL ^-1 and 1.43 mgL ^-1 . They are respectively 3.41 to 2.33 times and 4.87 to 3.58 times that of the Class V water quality standard in the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), and the problem of vegetable ground source pollution is becoming more and more serious. According to this invention, after two years of effective operation and maintenance in the demonstration area, the total drainage water quality of the vegetable field has been significantly improved. In 2011 and 2012, the total nitrogen concentration was reduced to 4.18 mgL ^-1 ~ 2.33 mgL ^-1 and 3.41 mgL ^{- 1} ~ 1.56 mgL ^-1 , compared with the same month in 2010, the removal rates reached 0.33 ~ 0.52, 0.43 ~ 0.67 respectively; in 2011 and 2012, the total phosphorus concentration was reduced to 1.88 mgL ^-1 ~ 0.59 mgL ^-1 and 1.12 mgL ^-1 to 0.28 mgL ^-1 , the removal rates were 0.23 to 0.59 and 0.43 to 0.82, respectively. Reconstruction of ecological ditches on the basis of the original ditches in the farmland can not only effectively improve the drainage water quality of the farmland in the demonstration area, save farmland land resources, but also prevent soil erosion in the farmland, and achieve the effects of adapting measures to local conditions, reasonable cost, practical and efficient, water and soil conservation, and convenient maintenance.

In a word, the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and all equal changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the utility model should fall within the scope of the utility model patent. the

Claims (6)

1. The high-efficiency ecological interception ditch suitable for dry farmland is characterized in that: the cross-section of the ditch is trapezoidal, the surface of the ditch wall (1) on both sides of the ditch is covered with cement boards with holes, and the bottom of the ditch ( 2) Grass planting bricks are laid, and the shape of the grass planting bricks is figure 8. 2. The high-efficiency ecological interception ditch suitable for dry farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cement board adopts a reinforced concrete structure, and the surface of the cement board is uniformly distributed with 6-9 holes, and the holes are planted Mushroom grass. 3. The high-efficiency ecological interception ditch suitable for dry farmland according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specifications of the cement board are: 5 cm thick, 60 cm long, and 60 cm wide; the hole diameter is 5-10 cm, corresponding to The distance between two adjacent holes is 15-20cm. 4. The high-efficiency ecological interception ditch suitable for dry farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specifications of the grass-planting bricks are: thickness 8cm, length 40cm, width 20cm. 5. The high-efficiency ecological interception ditch suitable for dry farmland according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: grasses are planted in the grass-planting bricks. 6. The high-efficiency ecological interception ditch suitable for dry farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: the interception filter is set in the ditch.

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