CN107197747B - Cultivation method of kiwi fruits - Google Patents
Cultivation method of kiwi fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN107197747B CN107197747B CN201710623412.4A CN201710623412A CN107197747B CN 107197747 B CN107197747 B CN 107197747B CN 201710623412 A CN201710623412 A CN 201710623412A CN 107197747 B CN107197747 B CN 107197747B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of kiwi fruits, which comprises the following steps: (1) building a garden: positioning and modifying a horizontal terrace, positioning and keeping the remaining arbor in the north-south direction and the east-west direction according to 6m multiplied by 6m to serve as the top pillar of the kiwi fruit shed frame, and replanting the insufficient top pillar with an arbor; (2) constructing a kiwi fruit shed frame: at the position of 1.5-1.7m of the height of the top pillars arranged in the east-west direction, steel cables are used for fixedly connecting to form a cross beam in the east-west direction, and the connecting part of the cross beam and the top pillars is reinforced; fixedly connecting the cross beams with steel cables at intervals of 50-60cm along the north-south direction on the cross beams to form a shed frame with the frame surface height of 1.5-1.7m, and reinforcing the top columns at the edges of the shed frame; (3) building ridges; (4) planting kiwi fruits; (5) and (5) field management. The method finds a cultivation method of kiwi fruit for mountain forest lands such as mountain lands, sloping lands and the like, the kiwi fruit shed frame has good wind resistance, and the kiwi fruit has high yield and good quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of kiwi fruit planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of kiwi fruits.
Background
With the adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure, the cultivation of the kiwi fruits is rapidly developed. The lateral roots of the kiwi fruits are developed, the kiwi fruits belong to shallow fleshy root systems, and due to the fact that the kiwi fruits grow vigorously, branches and leaves are luxuriant, transpiration is large, most varieties of the kiwi fruits require subtropical or warm-temperate humid and semi-humid climates, the requirements on moisture and air temperature are strict, and the kiwi fruits are cool and humid climates, so that the kiwi fruits are suitable for growth and development. The most suitable ecological factors for the kiwi fruit planting are as follows: firstly, the temperature is proper, the annual average temperature is 11.3-16.9 ℃, the maximum temperature can still normally grow at about 30-35 ℃, the growth and development need 240 days of 220-; secondly, illumination is performed, most kiwi fruit varieties are in a half-shady environment, strong light direct irradiation is forbidden, different requirements are placed on illumination in different development stages, strong light direct irradiation is forbidden in a seedling stage, shading and soil moisture conservation are more needed during seedling transplanting, illumination is needed for adult trees especially in a flowering stage, the kiwi fruit trees are medium-gladness fruit trees, strong light direct irradiation is forbidden, and natural illumination intensity is preferably 42% -45%; thirdly, the water content is more than 1000mm, the annual rainfall is uniform, the growth requirement of the kiwi fruits can be met, the kiwi fruits need to be irrigated when the annual rainfall is less than 800mm, the kiwi fruits grow in 5-7 months in a growing season, when the rainfall is sufficient, the branches are long, the annual growth amount of the fruits can be more than 70%, when the water content is insufficient, the growth is blocked, the fruits shrink, the leaves become small, the leaf margins are withered, the leaf falling rate reaches 50% -60%, and the fruit falling rate is more than 45%; but the rainfall is too much, the waterlogging is caused, and if the drainage is poor, the trees are drowned; and fourthly, taking windproof measures, wherein the kiwi fruit blades are large and fragile and are easily damaged by wind, and a windproof forest or a windproof belt should be built at the same time when a garden is built at a wind speed of more than 10 m/s.
In recent years, various cultivation modes of kiwi fruits are emerging, mainly shed frame cultivation is performed on flat land and Sichuan land, cement is used as an upright column in cultivation, and other agricultural plants are planted among lines to shade. The environment of the mountain area is relatively poor, the cement upright posts are difficult, the kiwi fruit cultivation is not suitable especially in high-temperature and high-light areas, and the existing kiwi fruit shed frame has poor wind resistance in the mountain area, so that the growth and development of the kiwi fruit are influenced. However, the cultivation of the kiwi fruits in plain river occupies a large amount of basic farmland; moreover, the area of the Sichuan land for the growth of the kiwi fruits is limited in certain areas, which seriously limits the cultivation and planting range of the kiwi fruits. Therefore, the development of a kiwi fruit cultivation technology suitable for being planted in mountainous regions, sloping fields and mountain forest lands has great significance for regions which are in shortage in use in the Sichuan fields and have relatively more mountain forest lands.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of kiwi fruits, which is suitable for cultivation in mountain and slope lands and other mountain forest zones.
A cultivation method of kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) building a garden: including the fore-set location and horizontal terrace transformation, wherein, the fore-set location is: in a mountain forest zone, arbors are used as top pillars, shrubs and weeds are removed, the arbors are positioned and reserved in the north-south direction and the east-west direction according to the length of 6m multiplied by 6m to serve as the top pillars of the kiwi fruit shed frame, and the insufficient top pillars are filled up in a mode of additionally planting arbors;
(2) constructing a kiwi fruit shed frame: at the position of 1.5-1.7m of the height of the top pillars arranged in the east-west direction, steel cables are used for fixedly connecting to form a cross beam in the east-west direction, and the connecting part of the cross beam and the top pillars is reinforced; fixedly connecting the cross beams with steel cables at intervals of 50-60cm along the north-south direction on the cross beams to form a shed frame with the frame surface height of 1.5-1.7m, and reinforcing the top columns at the edges of the shed frame;
(3) ridge building: the central axis of each ridge is parallel to the east-west arrangement direction of the kiwi fruit shed frame to build the ridge, the ridge width is 2m, the ridge height is 30cm, two ridges are respectively arranged on two sides of the ridge, the ridge width is 1m, all ridge soil is dug back on the ridge, and the soil on the ridge is improved;
(4) and (3) field planting of kiwi fruits: planting kiwi plant bodies on the central axis of the ridge according to the plant spacing of 1.5m, and inserting bamboo poles into the side edges of the roots of the kiwi plant bodies;
(5) and (5) field management.
The horizontal terrace is in an east-west direction and comprises a dam, a field surface, a field ridge and an arbor support pillar, wherein the arbor support pillar is inserted into the field ridge; the field surface is the planting surface of the horizontal terrace, and ridges can be built on the field surface; the earth dam is the joint between the upper and lower layers of field surface; the field ridge is positioned on the field surface, the section of the field ridge in the north-south direction is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, and the outer slope surface of the field ridge and the slope surface of the dam are positioned on the same plane; the top columns of the ground dams, the field ridges and the trees form the function of blocking and storing the terraced fields.
Horizontal terrace is reformed transform including cloudy slope terrace and sunny slope terrace, and cloudy slope terrace is reformed transform and is specifically do: reforming a cloudy-slope forest land with the gradient not more than 15 degrees, and controlling the height of a cloudy-slope ladder field dam to be 1.0-1.5m, the gradient of the field dam to be 74-75 degrees and the width of the field surface to be 5.56-5.73 m; the transformation of the terrace on the sunny slope specifically comprises the following steps: the method is used for improving the mountain forest land with the gradient less than or equal to 25 degrees, the height of the field dam with the sunny slope ladder is controlled to be 1.0-2.0m, the gradient of the field dam is controlled to be 73-75 degrees, and the width of the field surface is controlled to be 5.23-5.73 m. The transformation of the terrace with the shade slope and the terrace with the shade slope can be different because the transformation of the horizontal terrace changes the local terrain, but the change of natural conditions such as light, heat, water, wind and the like is inevitably caused, and the change has certain influence on the growth and the yield of crops.
In the step (2), the measure for reinforcing the joint of the cross beam and the top column is as follows: a steel cable is wound on a position, 1.5-1.7m in height, of a top column of an arbor to form a steel cable circle, the steel cable circle is divided into four equal parts, 4 wood wedges with the length of 50cm are vertically inserted into the equal parts from bottom to top, then the 4 wood wedges with the length of 50cm are symmetrically vertically inserted into the equal parts from top to bottom, finally the two vertically symmetrical wood wedges are connected with a concave whole through nails, the steel cable circle is fixed on the concave wood wedges on the top column, the wood wedges can be withdrawn or replaced at any time along with the growth of the tree, and the tree is not damaged.
In the step (2), the top column at the edge of the shed frame is reinforced by the following measures: digging 80-100cm deep holes on the outer side of the top column at the edge of the shed frame, embedding anchor stones, connecting one end of a steel cable with the anchor stones, and connecting the other end of the steel cable with the fixed connection part of the cross beam and the top column.
The method for improving the soil in the step (3) comprises the following steps: 3-5 kg of organic fertilizer and 2kg of sand are added to each square meter of soil, and then the whole ridge is deeply turned to 40 cm.
The method for planting the kiwi plant bodies in the step (4) comprises the following steps: and (3) leaving one trunk of the kiwi fruit plant body to grow upwards, allowing the vines of the kiwi fruit plant body to grow upwards along the bamboo poles, culturing two main branches along the east-west direction of the cross beam when the vines grow to the cross beam of the kiwi fruit shed frame, and inducing the fruiting branches germinating on the main branches to the two sides of the steel cable fixedly connected with the cross beam, namely the north-south direction.
In step (1), the arbor is a deep root arbor to avoid competing for nutrition with shallow rooted kiwifruit.
Preferably, the arbor is ginkgo, metasequoia, magnolia alba or poplar.
The steel cable is a No. 10-12 steel cable.
The field management of the macaques in the method is conventional management in the prior art.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the cultivation method of the kiwi fruit, provided by the invention, a deep-rooted fallen leaf arbor is taken as a top column to build a kiwi fruit shed frame, then the central axis of a ridge is parallel to the east-west arrangement direction of the kiwi fruit shed frame to build a ridge, the kiwi fruit with a shallow root system is cultivated on the ridge, the competition of the tree and the kiwi fruit for nutrition is avoided, meanwhile, the investment of the top column is reduced, resources are saved, the growth of the arbor is kept, on the premise of not damaging the ecological environment, a cultivation method of the kiwi fruit is found for mountain areas such as mountainous areas and sloping fields, the kiwi fruit shed frame is good in wind resistance, and the kiwi fruit is high in yield and quality;
(2) under the canopy frame that the dark root arbor supported, the arbor leaf provides shading and prevent wind for the kiwi fruit, and along with the change in season, the leaf area index of arbor also changes along with the light transmissivity of canopy face, has avoided the harm of high temperature high light and storm season to the kiwi fruit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a horizontal terrace and a canopy frame in the north-south direction.
Wherein, 1-slope of mountain forest zone, 2-dam, 3-field surface, 4-field ridge, 5-arbor top column, 6-beam, 7-shed frame steel cable.
Detailed Description
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
the horizontal terrace is in an east-west direction and comprises a dam, a field surface, a field ridge and an arbor support pillar, wherein the arbor support pillar is inserted into the field ridge; the field surface is the planting surface of the horizontal terrace, and ridges can be built on the field surface; the earth dam is the joint between the upper and lower layers of field surface; the field ridge is positioned on the field surface, the section of the field ridge in the north-south direction is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, and the slope surface of the field ridge and the slope surface of the dam are positioned on the same plane; the top columns of the ground dams, the field ridges and the trees form the function of blocking and storing the terraced fields.
As shown in fig. 1, the horizontal terrace is composed of a dam 2, a field surface 3, a field ridge 4 and a tree support pillar 5, wherein the field surface is a planting surface of the horizontal terrace and can be used for building ridges; the earth dam is the joint between the next layer of field surface and the previous layer of field surface; the field ridge is positioned on the field surface, the section of the field ridge in the north-south direction is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, and the outer slope surface of the dam and the slope surface of the field ridge are positioned on the same plane; the top columns of the ground dams, the field ridges and the trees form the function of blocking and storing the terraced fields. The horizontal spacing distance between the arbor upright posts 5 is 6m, the horizontal field surface is formed by a triangular MOC in an excavation area and a triangular AON in a filling area, the lengths of the AP and the RC are the length of the slope surface of the dam 2, and the horizontal field surface is formed by half-filling and half-digging; the field ridge 4 is positioned on the field surface 3, the section of the field ridge 4 in the north-south direction is an isosceles trapezoid, the top width DE is 0.3-0.5 m, the height h is 0.3-0.5 m, and the P, A, D points are positioned on the same straight line of the section; the arbor support 5 is inserted into the field ridge; the dam 2, the field ridge 4 and the arbor support pillar 5 form a storage blocking effect on the terrace; alpha and beta respectively represent the slope of the mountain forest zone and the slope of the dam 2, the height of the dam 2 is H, the width of the field surface is B, the horizontal projection width of the field ridge is B, and the sum of the width of the field surface B and the horizontal projection width of the field ridge is 6 m;
example 1
A cultivation method of kiwi fruits adopts kiwi fruit varieties of slow fragrance and soft jujube, and comprises the following steps:
(1) building a garden: including the fore-set location and horizontal terrace transformation, wherein, the fore-set location is: in sunny slope mountain forest zones with the gradient of less than or equal to 25 degrees, arbors are used as top pillars, shrubs and weeds are removed, the remained arbors are positioned in the north-south direction and the east-west direction according to the length of 6m multiplied by 6m and are used as the top pillars of the kiwi fruit shed frame, and insufficient top pillars are filled up in a mode of additionally planting arbors; wherein the arbor is ginkgo; in order to control water and soil loss and facilitate water and fertilizer management, horizontal terrace reconstruction is carried out on the mountain forest land, the horizontal terrace reconstruction is sunny slope terrace reconstruction, in the embodiment, the slope alpha of the mountain forest land is not more than 25 degrees, the height H of a sunny slope terrace dam is controlled to be 1.0-2.0m, the slope beta of the dam is controlled to be 73-75 degrees, and the field surface width B is controlled to be 5.23-5.73 m;
(2) constructing a kiwi fruit shed frame: at the position (the field surface 3 is taken as a reference) with the height of 1.5-1.7m of the top columns arranged in the east-west direction, steel cables are used for fixedly connecting to form a cross beam in the east-west direction, and the connecting position of the cross beam and the top columns is reinforced; fixedly connecting the cross beams with steel cables at intervals of 50-60cm along the north-south direction on the cross beams to form a shed frame with the frame surface height of 1.5-1.7m, and reinforcing the top columns at the edges of the shed frame; wherein, the measure of consolidating the junction of crossbeam and top post does: winding a circle of steel cable at the position of 1.5-1.7m of the height of the top column of the arbor to form a steel cable circle, dividing the steel cable circle into four equal parts, vertically inserting 4 wood wedges with the length of 50cm from bottom to top at the equal part, vertically inserting 4 wood wedges with the length of 50cm from top to bottom symmetrically, and finally connecting the two vertically symmetrical wood wedges with a concave whole by using nails, so that the steel cable circle is fixed at the concave wood wedge on the top column, and the wood wedges can be withdrawn or replaced at any time along with the growth of the tree without damaging the tree; the measures for reinforcing the top column at the edge of the shed frame are as follows: digging a deep hole of 80-100cm outside the top column at the edge of the shed frame, embedding anchor stones, connecting one end of a steel cable with the anchor stones, and connecting the other end of the steel cable with the fixed connection part of the cross beam and the top column;
(3) ridge building: the central axis of each ridge is parallel to the east-west arrangement direction of the kiwi fruit shed frame to build the ridge, the ridge width is 2m, the ridge height is 30cm, two ridges are respectively arranged on two sides of the ridge, the ridge width is 1m, all ridge soil is dug back on the ridge, and the soil on the ridge is improved; the improvement method comprises the steps of adding 3kg of organic fertilizer and 2kg of sand into each square meter of soil, and then deeply turning the soil in a full ridge for 40cm, so that the organic fertilizer, the sand and the soil are fully mixed, meanwhile, the air permeability of the soil is increased, and the adopted organic fertilizer is the organic fertilizer for cultivating the kiwi fruits in the prior art;
(4) and (3) field planting of kiwi fruits: planting kiwi plant bodies on the central axis of the ridge according to the plant spacing of 1.5m, inserting bamboo poles into the side edges of the roots of the kiwi plant bodies, leaving one trunk of the kiwi plant bodies to grow upwards, allowing vines of the kiwi plant bodies to grow upwards along the bamboo poles, culturing two main branches along the east-west direction of a cross beam when the vines grow to the cross beam of the kiwi shed frame, and inducing the fruiting branches germinating on the main branches to the two sides of a steel cable fixedly connected with the cross beam, namely the north-south direction;
(5) and (4) field management, namely performing field management on the kiwi fruits by adopting the prior art.
Example 2
A cultivation method of kiwi fruits adopts kiwi fruit varieties of slow fragrance and soft jujube, and comprises the following steps:
(1) building a garden: including the fore-set location and horizontal terrace transformation, wherein, the fore-set location is: in a cloudy slope mountain forest area with the gradient of less than or equal to 15 degrees, arbors are used as top pillars, shrubs and weeds are removed, the remained arbors are positioned in the north-south direction and the east-west direction according to the length of 6m multiplied by 6m and are used as the top pillars of the kiwi fruit shed frame, and the insufficient top pillars are filled up in a mode of additionally planting arbors; wherein the arbor is a poplar; in order to control water and soil loss and facilitate water and fertilizer management, horizontal terrace modification is carried out on the mountain forest zones, the horizontal terrace modification is negative slope terrace modification, in the embodiment, the negative slope mountain forest zone with the gradient less than or equal to 15 degrees is modified, the height H of a negative slope terrace dam is controlled to be 1.0-1.5m, the gradient beta of the dam is controlled to be 74-75 degrees, and the field surface width B is controlled to be 5.56-5.73 m;
(2) constructing a kiwi fruit shed frame: at the position of 1.5-1.7m of the height of the top pillars arranged in the east-west direction, steel cables are used for fixedly connecting to form a cross beam in the east-west direction, and the connecting part of the cross beam and the top pillars is reinforced; fixedly connecting the cross beams with steel cables at intervals of 50-60cm along the north-south direction on the cross beams to form a shed frame with the frame surface height of 1.5-1.7m, and reinforcing the top columns at the edges of the shed frame; wherein, the measure of consolidating the junction of crossbeam and top post does: winding a circle of steel cable at the position of 1.5-1.7m of the height of the top column of the arbor to form a steel cable circle, dividing the steel cable circle into four equal parts, vertically inserting 4 wood wedges with the length of 50cm from bottom to top at the equal part, vertically inserting 4 wood wedges with the length of 50cm from top to bottom symmetrically, and finally connecting the two vertically symmetrical wood wedges with a concave whole by using nails, so that the steel cable circle is fixed at the concave wood wedge on the top column, and the wood wedges can be withdrawn or replaced at any time along with the growth of the tree without damaging the tree; the measures for reinforcing the top column at the edge of the shed frame are as follows: digging 80-100cm deep holes on the outer side of the top column at the edge of the shed frame, embedding anchor stones, connecting one end of a steel cable with the anchor stones, and connecting the other end of the steel cable with the fixed connection part of the cross beam and the top column;
(3) ridge building: the central axis of each ridge is parallel to the east-west arrangement direction of the kiwi fruit shed frame to build the ridge, the ridge width is 2m, the ridge height is 30cm, two ridges are respectively arranged on two sides of the ridge, the ridge width is 1m, all ridge soil is dug back on the ridge, and the soil on the ridge is improved; the improvement method comprises the steps of adding 3kg of organic fertilizer and 2kg of sand into each square meter of soil, and then deeply turning the soil in a full ridge for 40cm, so that the organic fertilizer, the sand and the soil are fully mixed, meanwhile, the air permeability of the soil is increased, and the adopted organic fertilizer is the organic fertilizer for cultivating the kiwi fruits in the prior art;
(4) and (3) field planting of kiwi fruits: planting kiwi plant bodies on the central axis of the ridge according to the plant spacing of 1.5m, inserting bamboo poles into the side edges of the roots of the kiwi plant bodies, leaving one trunk of the kiwi plant bodies to grow upwards, allowing vines of the kiwi plant bodies to grow upwards along the bamboo poles, culturing two main branches along the east-west direction of a cross beam when the vines grow to the cross beam of the kiwi shed frame, and inducing the fruiting branches germinating on the main branches to the two sides of a steel cable fixedly connected with the cross beam, namely the north-south direction;
(5) and (4) field management, namely performing field management on the kiwi fruits by adopting the prior art.
Comparative example 1
A method for cultivating kiwi fruits comprises replacing a tree support pillar with a cement support pillar, wherein the cement support pillar is 2.5m in height, 7cm in width and 5cm in thickness, and the other method is the same as that in example 1.
Comparative example 2
A method for cultivating kiwi fruits comprises replacing a tree support pillar with a cement support pillar, wherein the other method is the same as that in example 2, and the cement support pillar is 2.5m in height, 7cm in width and 5cm in thickness.
Comparative example 3
In the same region, the kiwi fruit is cultivated in the Sichuan area, the adopted kiwi fruit varieties are slow fragrance and soft jujube, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) building a garden: building a garden in the Sichuan province, well preparing supporting facilities for irrigation, taking a cement column as a top column, and taking upright columns in the south-north direction and the east-west direction according to the size of 6m multiplied by 6m as the top column of the kiwi fruit shed frame;
(2) constructing a kiwi fruit shed frame: at the position of 1.5-1.7m of the height of the top pillars arranged in the east-west direction, a No. 10-12 steel cable is used for fixedly connecting to form a beam;
(3) ridge building: the same as example 1;
(4) and (3) field planting of kiwi fruits: fixedly planting kiwi plant bodies on the central axis of the ridge according to the plant spacing of 1.5m, inserting bamboo poles into the side edges of the roots of the kiwi plant bodies, leaving one trunk of the kiwi plant bodies to grow upwards, allowing vines of the kiwi plant bodies to grow upwards along the bamboo poles, culturing two main branches along the east-west direction of a cross beam when the vines grow to the cross beam of the kiwi shed frame, and inducing the fruiting branches germinating on the main branches to the south-north direction;
(5) the field management method is the same as the field management method of the kiwi fruit in the prior art.
Effects of the implementation
The second year of cultivation is flowering and fruiting, and the third year begins to bear a large amount of fruits, and the fruiting coefficient (namely, the fruiting tree with a single fruit) and the yield are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 Kiwi fruit yield Condition
As can be seen from table 1, in the method for cultivating kiwi fruits provided by the invention, after the horizontal terrace with the top pillar made of arbor is transformed, the quality and the yield of kiwi fruits are higher than those of the horizontal terrace with the top pillar made of cement; compared with the existing mode for cultivating the kiwi fruits in the dry land, the yield is even slightly superior to that of the existing dry land cultivation mode. Therefore, the kiwi fruit cultivation method provided by the invention provides a better kiwi fruit cultivation method for the areas with limited use in Sichuan lands and wider mountain forest lands, and also provides a new method for shading the kiwi fruit in Pingchuan.
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method of kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) building a garden: including the fore-set location and horizontal terrace transformation, wherein, the fore-set location is: in a mountain forest zone, arbors are used as top pillars, shrubs and weeds are removed, the arbors are positioned and reserved in the north-south direction and the east-west direction according to the length of 6m multiplied by 6m to serve as the top pillars of the kiwi fruit shed frame, and the insufficient top pillars are filled up in a mode of additionally planting arbors; the horizontal terrace is in an east-west direction and comprises a ground dam, a field surface, a field ridge and an arbor support column, wherein the arbor support column is inserted into the field ridge, and the ground dam is a joint between the upper layer of field surface and the lower layer of field surface; the cross section of the field ridge in the north-south direction is isosceles trapezoid, the field ridge is positioned on the field surface, and the outer slope surface of the field ridge and the slope surface of the dam are positioned on the same plane;
(2) constructing a kiwi fruit shed frame: at the position of 1.5-1.7m of the height of the top pillars arranged in the east-west direction, steel cables are used for fixedly connecting to form a cross beam in the east-west direction, and the connecting part of the cross beam and the top pillars is reinforced; fixedly connecting the cross beams with steel cables at intervals of 50-60cm along the north-south direction on the cross beams to form a shed frame with the frame surface height of 1.5-1.7m, and reinforcing the top columns at the edges of the shed frame;
(3) ridge building: the central axis of each ridge is parallel to the east-west arrangement direction of the kiwi fruit shed frame to build the ridge, the ridge width is 2m, the ridge height is 30cm, two ridges are respectively arranged on two sides of the ridge, the ridge width is 1m, all ridge soil is dug back on the ridge, and the soil on the ridge is improved;
(4) and (3) field planting of kiwi fruits: planting kiwi plant bodies on the central axis of the ridge according to the plant spacing of 1.5m, and inserting bamboo poles into the side edges of the roots of the kiwi plant bodies;
(5) and (5) field management.
2. The method for cultivating kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein: horizontal terrace is reformed transform including cloudy slope terrace and sunny slope terrace, and cloudy slope terrace is reformed transform and is specifically do: reforming a mountain forest zone with the gradient less than or equal to 15 degrees, controlling the height of the negative slope ladder field dam to be 1.0-1.5m, the gradient of the field dam to be 74-75 degrees and the field surface width to be 5.56-5.73 m; the transformation of the terrace on the sunny slope specifically comprises the following steps: the method is used for improving the mountain forest land with the gradient less than or equal to 25 degrees, the height of the field dam with the sunny slope ladder is controlled to be 1.0-2.0m, the gradient of the field dam is controlled to be 73-75 degrees, and the width of the field surface is controlled to be 5.23-5.73 m.
3. The method for cultivating kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the measure for reinforcing the joint of the cross beam and the top column is as follows: a steel cable is wound for a circle at the position of 1.5-1.7m of the height of a top column of an arbor to form a steel cable circle, the steel cable circle is divided into four equal parts, 4 wood wedges with the length of 50cm are vertically inserted into the equal parts from bottom to top, then the 4 wood wedges with the length of 50cm are symmetrically vertically inserted into the equal parts from top to bottom, and finally the two vertically symmetrical wood wedges are connected with a concave whole through nails, so that the steel cable circle is fixed at the concave wood wedges on the top column.
4. The method for cultivating kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the top column at the edge of the shed frame is reinforced by the following measures: digging 80-100cm deep holes on the outer side of the top column at the edge of the shed frame, embedding anchor stones, connecting one end of a steel cable with the anchor stones, and connecting the other end of the steel cable with the fixed connection part of the cross beam and the top column.
5. The method for cultivating kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein: the method for improving the soil comprises the following steps: 3-5 kg of organic fertilizer and 2kg of sand are added to each square meter of soil, and then the whole ridge is deeply turned to 40 cm.
6. The method for cultivating kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein: the method for planting the kiwi plant bodies in the step (4) comprises the following steps: and (3) leaving one trunk of the kiwi fruit plant body to grow upwards, allowing the vines of the kiwi fruit plant body to grow upwards along the bamboo poles, culturing two main branches along the east-west direction of the cross beam when the vines grow to the cross beam of the kiwi fruit shed frame, and inducing the fruiting branches germinating on the main branches to the two sides of the steel cable fixedly connected with the cross beam, namely the north-south direction.
7. The method for cultivating kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein: in step (1), the arbor is a deep root arbor.
8. The method for cultivating kiwi fruits according to claim 7, wherein: the deep root arbor is semen Ginkgo, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, flos Magnoliae or poplar.
9. The method for cultivating kiwi fruit according to claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein: the steel cable is a No. 10-12 steel cable.
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