CN102239760B - Transverse-furrow and sequential-ridge mellow soil anti-erosion farming method of purple soil slope farmland - Google Patents
Transverse-furrow and sequential-ridge mellow soil anti-erosion farming method of purple soil slope farmland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transverse-furrow and sequential-ridge mellow soil anti-corrosion farming method of a purple soil slope farmland and particularly relates to the field of a soil erosion management technique of the purple soil slope farmland. In the method disclosed by the invention, a transverse furrow is excavated along the contour line on the purple soil slope farmland at the slope length interval which is less than the rill erosion generation critical length of the modified slope surface; the cross section of the transverse furrow is in an arc shape; the formed transverse furrow divides the whole slope farmland plot into multiple small farming units in the transverse slope direction; the two ends of the transverse furrow are connected with the original drainage furrows at the two ends of the slope farmland plot; and the integral farming terrain conditions with alternate furrows and ridges are formed by adopting a sequential-slope ridging farming mode, i.e. alternately farming and ridging in the sequential slop direction and reverse slop direction. The method disclosed by the invention can reduce the water and soil loss and prevent and control the soil erosion of the slope farmland, is beneficial to the enhancement of the water content in the soil of the farmland plot in the descending direction of the transverse furrow, improves the drought resistance of crops, maintains the agricultural productivity of the slope farmland and realizes the sustainable utilization of slope farmland water and soil resources.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Slope Cropland with Purple Soil bringing soil erosion under control technical field, be specifically related to a kind of suitable ridge of traverse furrow, mellow soil corrosion-proof type conservation tillage method of cutting apart sloping arable land length of grade, disperseing rainwash, minimizing water and soil and nutrient loss.
Background technology
Purple soil is the distinctive soil resource of China, and distribution area reaches 2198.8 ten thousand hm
2, nonirrigated farmland 1889.1 ten thousand hm wherein
2, paddy field 309.7 ten thousand hm
2, mainly being distributed in the Southwestern China area, the South China also has part to distribute.The purple soil quality is soft, and structural stability is poor, and the content of organic matter is low, and resistance to corrosion is relatively poor, is a kind of high productivity lithology soil of corrosion type.China's purple soil area water and soil loss is strong, land deterioration is serious, is one of main region of China's water erosion.Slope Cropland with Purple Soil has become the main source of Upper Yangtze River and fork silt thereof, and the violent soil erosion has a strong impact on the sustainable use of ecological environment security and the reservoir of reservoir area of Three Gorges.In addition, the purple soil area soil layer is thin, and it is poor that soil structure is grown, and reservoir storage is few, poor permeability, and runoff coefficient is higher, easily Growth season arid and flood.Plough and transform in the slope is one of main soil and water conservation measures of purple soil area always, wherein implements the widest with bench terrace again.But it is higher that terraced fields are built with maintenance cost, and it is relatively poor to promote applicability, needs the domatic prevention and control of soil erosion alternative of research and development low cost, high benefit badly.
The present invention is directed to that China's purple soil slope soil layer is thin, drought resistance is poor, soil and the serious characteristics of nutrient loss, design a kind of arable land, slope conservation tillage technology along hillside fields contour horizontal wall inscription Jian Gou, suitable sloping ridging, change domatic mima type microrelief, increase roughness of ground surface, retain and row leads runoff, increase precipitation infiltration, reduce runoff erosion, accelerate simultaneously soil-ripening, finally reach the purpose of keeping sloping arable land farming output, realizing the water and soil resources sustainable use.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil take traverse furrow, along the domatic mima type microrelief remodeling method of ridge mode as the master, be intended to reduce the soil in arable land, slope and the loss of nutrient, increase the purple soil drought-resistant ability, accelerate the purple soil slope soil-ripening, increase sloping arable land farming output, realize the sustainable use of sloping arable land water and soil resources.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil traverse furrow is along the ridge mellow soil corrosion protection methods of cultivation, keep at a certain distance away along contour excavation traverse furrow at purple soil slope, the traverse furrow two ends are connected with piece drain ditch, sloping arable land, adopt the tillage method of building the ridge along the slope in the domatic horizontal farming junior unit that is separated by traverse furrow.Namely on Slope Cropland with Purple Soil, excavate traverse furrow 1 along contour with the length of grade spacing of transforming domatic rill erosion generation critical length less than quilt, traverse furrow 1 section is arc, the traverse furrow 1 that forms is separated into some horizontal wall inscription direction farming junior units with plot, whole sloping arable land, the two ends of traverse furrow 1 connect the existing drain ditch 4 at two ends, plot, sloping arable land, by in the farming junior unit, taking in turn inclined slope aspect and adverse grade to build the ridge to farming, form the alternate whole tillage condition in ditch ridge.
Described take in turn inclined slope aspect and adverse grade to build the ridge and refer to that traverse furrow 1 is built to farming after, the plot is divided into some farming junior units by traverse furrow 1, adopts along slope and adverse grade in turn in every farming junior unit and cultivates, namely repeatedly along descending and the farming of upward slope direction; During the descending farming, the soil on top, plot moves down gradually, the upper soil horizon attenuation, the parent soil material crop out, adverse grade is during namely to the farming of upward slope direction, and the soil of descending is returned again upward slope gradually, forms along ridge, hillside fields 2 with along hillside fields ditch 3, the alternate domatic mima type microrelief condition in ditch ridge increases the roughness of mima type microrelief, increases the lower milliosmolarity of rainfall runoff.
According to select respectively different crop collocation along the characteristics on Po Gou ridge; The ditch spacing is wider, and the suitable planting plant is higher in the ditch, and root system relies the crops of punching; The ridge is higher because of physical features, and thicker soil, suitable planting well developed root system, the crops of results root or stem.
Traverse furrow is the Main Means of the change hillside fields mima type microrelief that relates to of this method along the ridge.Studies show that rill erosion is the principal mode of slope soil erosion, in a single day rill forms, and shallow flow on slopes changes plume into, and erosion dynamic strengthens, and erosion amount increases severely.And the growth of corroding rill is to be based upon on certain slope and the length of grade condition.When one timing of arable land, the slope gradient, the erosion caused by sloping surfaces rill only reaches one in domatic length regularly could grow generation.According to above-mentioned Rill Erosion genesis mechanism, obtain local rill erosion with theory calculating and field test and critical length of grade value occurs as the length of grade spacing that makes up traverse furrow, namely excavate traverse furrow along contour with the length of grade spacing of transforming domatic rill erosion generation critical length less than quilt on Slope Cropland with Purple Soil, the traverse furrow of formation is separated into some horizontal wall inscription direction farming junior units with plot, whole sloping arable land.
Tradition conservation tillage method thinks that the straight plowing work is unfavorable for the water conservation soil conservation, and the straight plowing that this method relates to is done can play the prevention waterlogging soil conservation, the purpose that drought resisting increases income with the combination of traverse furrow.Carry out in each farming junior unit that the Slopeland Agriculture activity in production forms after through the traverse furrow transformation, tillage method takes that inclined slope aspect and adverse grade are built the ridge to farming in turn, form along the ridge, hillside fields with along the hillside fields ditch, the alternate domatic mima type microrelief condition in ditch ridge has strengthened the roughness of landform, increase the lower milliosmolarity of rainfall runoff, when rainfall had surpassed under the hillside fields milliosmolarity, the runoff that the earth's surface is gathered was again effectively outside the removal system.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention proposes according to Slope Cropland with Purple Soil the erosion caused by sloping surfaces rill traverse furrow that critical length of grade Theoretical Design builds occurs and cuts apart the plot and formed some farming junior units, its benefit is to reduce the water and soil loss of sloping arable land: the brachymemma length of grade, shorten domatic charge for remittance path, the generation of control the erosion caused by sloping surfaces rill; Reduce the slope runoff cumulant, avoided the stack of long path to form large burst of runoff strongly washing away the earth's surface; Traverse furrow changes the limited direction of compiling runoff, reduces runoff velocity, to the current energy dissipating, reduces the runoff scouring intensity.
2, traverse furrow is retained and is led side by side runoff, prolong current in the intramassif time of staying, increase the footpath and flow down milliosmolarity, not only play the effect that reduces domatic water and soil loss, and be conducive to increase the soil moisture content in traverse furrow direction of fall farming plot, improve the drought-resistant ability of crops.
3, the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil soil layer is thinner, and the straight plowing that the present invention proposes is done domatic top soil is transported to lower slope gradually, and the parent soil material of sloping upper part exposure is accelerating maturing under farming disturbance and the weather environmental activity the people, but forms agric; And the farming that makes progress of periodic adverse grade returns the soil of Caused by Sloping Surfaces accumulative total to top, hillside fields.Since constantly there is the soil of new growth to enter the hillside fields system, long-term along ploughing and can increasing hillside fields topsoil thickness against the combination of ploughing.
4, in domatic little cultivating unit, implement to build the ridge along the slope according to the habit of arable land, slope plan Planting Crops, ridge-ditch-
The hillside fields mima type microrelief pattern on ridge helps to arrange smoothly to lead slope runoff, prevents the soil erosion.
5, after the slope runoff that carries silt arrived traverse furrow, runoff flowed to and changes, and water flow dynamic energy obtains consuming, and flow velocity descends, and consequently the part silt that carries of runoff deposits because flow rate of water flow is reduced in the traverse furrow.The silt of taking regularly will be deposited in the traverse furrow in Agricultural Activities is restored in the hillside fields, effectively keep the quantity of sloping arable soil and nutrient, reach the effect of sloping arable land soil conservation premium, for Slopeland Agriculture production provides a good material base, be conducive to the sustainable use of ploughing in the slope.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the suitable ridge of the traverse furrow floor map that the present invention makes up.
Fig. 2 is the present invention in Fig. 1, and the P-P line is the vertical section schematic diagram on basis.
Numeral among the figure: 1 traverse furrow, 2 is along ridge, hillside fields, 3 suitable hillside fields ditches, 4 drain ditchs.
Embodiment
Further specify the embodiment of the suitable ridge of traverse furrow, the mellow soil corrosion protection methods of cultivation take reservoir area of Three Gorges, southwest Slope Cropland with Purple Soil as embodiment:
The reservoir area of Three Gorges Slope Cropland with Purple Soil accounts for cultivated land resource 78.4%, is the main carriers of agricultural production.The purple soil type is mainly the Jurassic Shaximiao group, and it is neutral or alkaline that pH is.Purple soil area geomorphic type is mainly mountains low-to-middle in height, hills and river valley.Weather belongs to the moistening monsoon climate in subtropics, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, and rainfall is abundant, and annual precipitation is 1000-1800mm, and rainfall mainly concentrates on summer.These important social characteristics in district are that economic level is backward and people ground is particularly thorny.Strong people adds characteristics that the reservoir area of Three Gorges rainfall concentrates so that the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil soil erosion is strong for the farming activity, and severe water and soil erosion becomes the main source of the Changjiang river silt, threatens the sustainable use of Three Gorges Reservoir.Make up traverse furrow along ridge, the corrosion protection methods of cultivation for reservoir area of Three Gorges Slope Cropland with Purple Soil water and soil loss problem.
It is the arable land, two slopes of 10 degree and 15 degree that present embodiment is selected respectively the gradient, and length of grade is 20m, wide 25m, and slope aspect is towards south.
1, the structure of traverse furrow:
Controlling rainfall intensity 130mm/h according to the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil artificial rainfall soil rill erosion rule research that we carry out in the reservoir area of Three Gorges, the soil initial water content is when 25% left and right sides, the gradient is 10o, 15o, specification is that the critical length of grade that the runoff plots rill of 2.0 * 8.0m occurs shortens with the increase of the gradient, the suitable length of grade mean value that rill ditch head occurs is respectively 6.13m, 4.12m, and is as shown in table 1.
Critical length of grade statistical form occurs in table 1 Slope Cropland with Purple Soil rill
Annotate: L
RFor critical length of grade occurs rill, R is the percentage that the rill erosion amount accounts for domatic total amount of erosion.
The critical length of grade of rill erosion is also relevant with rainfall intensity and antecedent soil moisture.Sanxia area's antecedent soil moisture changes less.Critical length of grade has with rainfall intensity and reduces and the trend that increases, and by analyzing 2000 to 2009 the rainfall data in Sanxia area, maximum time rainfall is 178.5mm, and maximum 10min rainfall intensity is 136.3mm/h.The rainfall intensity that this test is adopted can represent the upper limit of this area raininess substantially, and the critical length of grade value of choosing under this raininess condition is still effective for the light rain heavy showers.
In view of domatic mima type microrelief being transformed rear gradient relative reduce, consider the actual condition of raining in Sanxia area and soil condition after, the 10o that present embodiment is related to and the Slope Cropland with Purple Soil of the 15o gradient choose respectively 6.5m and 4.5m is that spacing makes up traverse furrow.The traverse furrow width is 20cm, and the degree of depth is 15cm, and traverse furrow connects the free drainage ditch at these two ends, plot.Referring to Fig. 1 Fig. 2.
2, inclined slope aspect and adverse grade are built the ridge to farming in turn:
After traverse furrow was built, the plot was divided into some junior units by traverse furrow, adopted along slope and adverse grade in turn in each little Land unit and cultivated, namely repeatedly along descending and the farming of upward slope direction.During the descending farming, the soil on top, plot moves down gradually, upper soil horizon attenuation, not weathered rocks crop out; Adverse grade is during namely to the farming of upward slope direction, and the soil of descending returns again upward slope gradually.The weathering of purple basement rock is accelerated in weathering process and artificial disturbance, and the soil after the initial weathering contains abundant mineral element, but particle is thicker, and water retention property is poor, then can remedy the low shortcoming of native soil fertility with the native soil collocation.After doing, straight plowing along length of grade direction ridging, forms the alternate whole tillage condition in ditch ridge.The slope runoff that rainfall forms is dispersed into little plume and discharges little Land unit along ditch.2 be along the ridge, hillside fields wherein referring to Fig. 1 Fig. 2,3 be suitable hillside fields ditch.
3, crops configuration:
According to select respectively different crop collocation along the characteristics on Po Gou ridge, because the ditch spacing is wider, the suitable planting plant is higher in the ditch, and root system relies the crops of punching; The ridge is higher because of physical features, and thicker soil, suitable planting well developed root system, the crops of results root or stem.Sum up local farmers long term production experience, more common collocation is corn and Ipomoea batatas, and corn is higher because of plant, is planted in in the wider raceway groove of spacing, and Ipomoea batatas is because of root system flourishing being planted on the ridge of thicker soil.
4, silt field also:
Rainfall runoff flows to from suitable ditch to the traverse furrow flow process and changes, kinergety obtains consuming, flow rate of water flow reduces, under the part erosion sediment that runoff carries deposits in traverse furrow, avoided exporting outside sloping Agricultural land system, to carry Nutrient Fertility higher because of the absorption runoff to be deposited on for a long time silt in the raceway groove, the peasant idle land season or dry season regularly to traverse furrow in shoal materials go back the field processing, soil amount and the fertility of ploughing to maintain the slope realize the sustainable use of ploughing in the slope.
Claims (2)
1. a Slope Cropland with Purple Soil traverse furrow is along the ridge mellow soil corrosion protection methods of cultivation, comprise along hillside fields contour horizontal wall inscription corrugate, build the hillside fields mima type microrelief remodeling method on ridge along the slope, it is characterized in that, on Slope Cropland with Purple Soil, excavate traverse furrow (1) along contour with the length of grade spacing of transforming domatic rill erosion generation critical length less than quilt, traverse furrow (1) section is trapezoidal, the traverse furrow (1) that forms is separated into the little cultivating unit of some horizontal wall inscription directions with plot, whole sloping arable land, the two ends of traverse furrow (1) connect the drain ditch (4) at two ends, plot, slight slope arable land, take in turn inclined slope aspect and adverse grade to build the ridge to farming, form the alternate whole tillage condition in ditch ridge; Described in turn inclined slope aspect and adverse grade are built the ridge to farming, refer to that traverse furrow (1) is built after, the plot is divided into some little cultivating units by traverse furrow (1), adopts in turn along slope and adverse grade in each little cultivating unit and cultivates, namely repeatedly along descending and the farming of upward slope direction; During the descending farming, the soil on top, plot moves down gradually, the upper soil horizon attenuation, weathered rocks crop out not, adverse grade is during namely to the farming of upward slope direction, and the soil of descending returns again upward slope gradually, forms along ridge, hillside fields (2) with along hillside fields ditch (3), the alternate domatic mima type microrelief condition in ditch ridge has strengthened the roughness of landform, increases the lower milliosmolarity of rainfall runoff.
2. a kind of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil traverse furrow according to claim 1 is characterized in that along the ridge mellow soil corrosion protection methods of cultivation, according to select respectively different crop collocation along the characteristics on Po Gou ridge; The ditch spacing is wider, and the suitable planting plant is higher in the ditch, and root system relies the crops of punching; The ridge is higher because of physical features, and thicker soil, suitable planting well developed root system, the crops of results root or stem.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN105393667A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-16 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method using ecological trench to intercept forest surface runoff |
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| CN103299741A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-18 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Method for treating soil erosion of slop cropland |
| CN102742392A (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2012-10-24 | 黑龙江省农业科学院 | Construction method of underground water blocking wall |
| CN102972116A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-03-20 | 云南云澳达坚果开发有限公司 | Conservation method of water and soil on hilly lands |
| CN104855091B (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2017-11-10 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of ramie hillside anti drought cultivation method |
| CN106817943B (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2018-11-02 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of farming combined method of sloping upland water and soil conservation |
| CN109115991A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-01-01 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of measuring method that tillage erosion influences hillside fields descending water erosion |
| CN110447332B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2022-06-21 | 西南科技大学 | Thin-layer purple soil live soil water-retaining cultivation method |
| CN114271059B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-09-02 | 四川省烟草公司广元市公司 | Drought resisting and waterlogging draining method and device for dry sloping field based on soil mother rock integrated cultivation |
| CN114402935B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-08-02 | 四川省烟草公司广元市公司 | Method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of calcareous soil tobacco based on strategic deep ploughing |
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| CN101911869A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2010-12-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | Erosion-reducing tillage method for slope soil |
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| CN105393667A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-16 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method using ecological trench to intercept forest surface runoff |
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