CN105393667A - Method using ecological trench to intercept forest surface runoff - Google Patents
Method using ecological trench to intercept forest surface runoff Download PDFInfo
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- CN105393667A CN105393667A CN201510844719.8A CN201510844719A CN105393667A CN 105393667 A CN105393667 A CN 105393667A CN 201510844719 A CN201510844719 A CN 201510844719A CN 105393667 A CN105393667 A CN 105393667A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Abstract
The invention discloses a method using ecological trenches to intercept forest surface runoff, and aims to provide a method reducing water and soil loss in woodland of large slope and loosening soil; the method comprises the following steps: dividing the woodland with large slope into a plurality of small units in a contour direction; arranging ecological trenches on the lower portion of each unit along the contour; planting local shrubs and herbals in the ecological trenches so as to intercept surface runoff, thus reserving water and soil. The method can divide slope length so as to cut the slope runoff flow lines, thus reducing slope current flow velocity, prolonging runoff detention time on the slope, enhancing infiltration, reducing surface runoff amount and current sand carrying ability, reducing soil loss rate, and effectively improving forest water and soil maintenance capability. The method is simple and easy in operation, and simple means can realize water and soil maintenance effect, so the method is small in invest and cost, and has small damages on the forest.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forest soil erosion control technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing ecological ditch to tackle forest rainwash.
Background technology
Rainwash is one of main driving source of earth's surface water erosion, is the main component of flood discharge, the geomorphic feature in the energy eroded soil had with it, change basin.Forest ecosystem has stronger adjustment conversion runoff function, and especially a large amount of rainwashes can be rapidly converted into and flow at a slow speed by forest ecosystem, thus reduces runoff function.
The impact of vegetation on runoff is the problem that numerous scientist has known, the reallocation etc. be mainly manifested in retardance rainwash, extending the time of infiltrating, affect the water yield.The Elements research affecting rainwash mainly concentrates on the aspects such as rainfall intensity, land type, the gradient, Litter-fall thickness, vegetation cover degree, soil moisture content, soil types and soil density.Correlative study shows: flow path surface and rainfall intensity are power function relationship; With linearly negative correlation, the logarithm positive correlation of filling straw mulch degree; Be negative correlation, power function relationship with Litter Layer thickness; Be proportionate with the gradient, exponential function relation; Be negative linear correlation etc. with soil antecedent water content.
At present engineering measure and non-engineering measure are mainly contained to the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of forest rainwash.Non-engineering measure comprises biological control measure, chemical measure etc.But for a long time, usually do not run off as leading indicator using soil to the bringing soil erosion under control of forest, the object of improvement overemphasizes soil, and ignores the main body of water and soil loss---rainwash.
Summary of the invention
For prior art above shortcomings, the present invention takes a kind of segmentation, weakens the method that rainwash washes away power and regulation and control slope runoff, can control surface flow of forest incidence preferably, effectively reduce the water and soil loss in forest land.
In order to effectively control the water and soil loss in forest land, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Utilize ecological ditch to tackle a method for forest rainwash, on forest land is domatic, forest land is divided into some forest lands junior unit along contour direction, ecological ditch is set in the bottom of each forest land junior unit.During concrete segmentation, arrange different segmentation spacing (junior unit length of grade) according to the different gradients, when the forest land gradient is 5 °-10 °, the domatic length of junior unit is 16-20m; When the forest land gradient is 10 °-15 °, the domatic length of junior unit is 10-16m; When the forest land gradient is 15 °-20 °, the domatic length of junior unit is 8-12m; When the forest land gradient is 20 °-25 °, the domatic length of junior unit is 6-10m; When the forest land gradient is for being greater than 25 °, the domatic length of junior unit is 4-8m.
Described forest land by being divided into some little unit along the ecological ditch in contour direction, ecological ditch width 30-40cm, degree of depth 30-50cm.It implements to be the horizontal ditch carrying out implementing to excavate before plant starts to grow, and the engineering time is after fall foliage or Second Year spring.And plant adaptable with both sides limes marginis (30-100cm) in the horizontal ditch dug, the Indigenous Shrub Species of well developed root system and draft form ecological ditch.
The domatic longitudinal direction in described forest land is provided with the drain ditch being communicated with many ecological ditches, and this drain ditch communicates with the sand basin of this forest land physical features lowest part; After annual spring or each heavy rain, sand basin silt is returned forest land domatic on.The method interception flow path surface is the runoff within rainfall intensity 130mm/h.
This method is by segmentation length of grade, and slope runoff streamline is cut off, and runoff rate graph is more former domatic planarized, and slope flow flow velocity reduces, and runoff is at domatic increased retention, and increase is infiltrated, the large minimizing of soil erosion, control erosion successful.
Advantage of the present invention is:
The present invention does not need big machinery and a large amount of labour to complete, easy and simple to handle, laborsaving, adopts simple measure, can reach the effect conserving water and soil and run off.Cost is low, efficient, practical, facilitate forest land application with a varied topography.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 ecological ditch interception forest rainwash overall schematic.
The ecological ditch forest land gradient of Fig. 2 and critical plane method relation schematic diagram.
The ecological ditch width of Fig. 3, the degree of depth and vegetation plant schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the present invention is described in more detail.
As Figure 1-3, upper as can be seen from figure, the method of the present invention's ecological ditch interception forest rainwash, slope is divided into some junior units along contour direction, carry out again taking horizontal ditch along contour on each unit, and in horizontal ditch, plant Indigenous Shrub Species and the draft of well developed root system, be referred to as " ecological ditch ".
During concrete segmentation, determine different critical plane method l according to different gradient α, when the forest land gradient is 5 °-10 °, the domatic length of junior unit is 16-20m; When the forest land gradient is 10 °-15 °, the domatic length of junior unit is 10-16m; When the forest land gradient is 15 °-20 °, the domatic length of junior unit is 8-12m; When the forest land gradient is 20 °-25 °, the domatic length of junior unit is 6-10m; When the forest land gradient is for being greater than 25 °, the domatic length of junior unit is 4-8m.Specifically in table 1.(empirical equation: l=0.03 α
2-1.8 α+33.15R
2=0.9943)
Table 1 forest land cutting unit slope length recommendation
| The gradient (°) | 5°≤α＜10° | 10°≤α＜20° | 20°≤α＜25° | 20°≤α＜25° | ≥25° |
| Length of grade (l, m) | 16-20 | 10-16 | 8-12 | 6-10 | 4-8 |
Ecological ditch is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, and take horizontal ditch along contour direction, forest land is divided into some junior units, the spacing of horizontal ditch is critical plane method, horizontal furrow width 30-40cm, degree of depth 30-50cm.Former state is maintained in the junior unit of forest land.Inside horizontal ditch and two survey limes marginis (30-100cm) and plant shrub and the draft of well developed root system.Vegetation is selected according to land occupation condition with suiting measures to local conditions.
The present invention has carried out experimental test at Manchu Autonomous County of Qingyuan of Fushun City great Su river chief of township Sha Cun, wherein select respectively within the scope of each gradient: a kind of for being reference without measure visite Forest Land of Larch Plantations, another kind of is test plot for digging ecological ditch Forest Land of Larch Plantations, by the method for artificially-simulated rainfall, employing length of grade is 5 kinds of gradients (10 ° of 20m, 15 °, 20 °, 25 °, 30 °) and a rainfall intensity level (2.117mm/min) observe, consistent for ensureing the front Soil Slope primary condition of each test, adopt watering process that soil is reached capacity, the single test duration is 30min.Research shows: ecological ditch is more corresponding, and without measure forest land, run-off obviously reduces, and has significant water conservation and soil conservation effect.Design parameter is in table 2.
The ecological ditch of table 2 is to Forest Land of Larch Plantations rainwash interception result
By taking ecological ditch method to Forest Land of Larch Plantations and not taking the observation data in any measure forest land to compare analysis, under identical gradient condition, have the runoff analysis benefit of ecological ditch more remarkable, wherein maximum reaches 71.10%; And within the scope of certain gradient, along with the increase of the gradient, ecological ditch regulation measure benefit is more obvious.
The present invention's employing arranges ecological ditch and splits length of grade, is divided into some little unit, to reduce the domatic length in former forest land.After this measure is implemented in forest land, domatic cut-off through streamline, runoff rate graph is more former domatic planarized, slope flow speed reduces, the increased retention of runoff on domatic, and increase is infiltrated, reduce flow path surface, alleviate the erosion of runoff to earth's surface, the sediment carrying capacity of current significantly reduces, and plays obvious Soil and water conservation.Ecological ditch is easy to operate, and cost is low, corrosion inhibitor remarkable benefit.
Claims (7)
1. utilize ecological ditch to tackle a method for forest rainwash, it is characterized in that:
On forest land is domatic, be interval with many ecological ditches, the ecological bank contour of every bar is arranged; The rainwash that ecological ditch produces for tackling forest, while taking into account water-holding capacity, can also prevent rainwash washing away and alleviating water and soil loss earth's surface.
2. a kind of method utilizing ecological ditch to tackle forest rainwash according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
If forest land is divided into the dry junior unit in forest land along contour direction, ecological ditch is set in the bottom of each forest land junior unit; When forest land gradient α is 5-10 °, the domatic length l of junior unit is 16-20m; When forest land gradient α is 10-15 °, the domatic length l of junior unit is 10-16m; When forest land gradient α is 15-20 °, the domatic length l of junior unit is 8-12m; When forest land gradient α is 20-25 °, the domatic length l of junior unit is 6-10m; When forest land gradient α is greater than 25 °, the domatic length l of junior unit is 4-8m (partitioning standards " the national classification of soil erosion grade scale " SL190-2007 of the gradient and " Comprehensive Control of Soil Conservation technical specification " GB/T16453-2008, and the actual conditions division in local forest land).
3. the method for utilization according to claim 1 ecological ditch interception forest rainwash, is characterized in that:
Described ecological ditch is the horizontal ditch carrying out implementing to excavate before plant starts to grow, and the engineering time is after fall foliage or Second Year spring.
4. the method for utilization according to claim 3 ecological ditch interception forest rainwash, is characterized in that:
Described horizontal furrow width 30-40cm, degree of depth 30-50cm.
5. the method for utilization according to claim 1 ecological ditch interception forest rainwash, is characterized in that:
Plant adaptable with both sides limes marginis (30-100cm) in the horizontal ditch dug, the Indigenous Shrub Species of well developed root system and draft form ecological ditch.
6. the method for utilization according to claim 1 ecological ditch interception forest rainwash, is characterized in that:
Described forest rainwash interception amount is the runoff within the raininess 130mm/h of rainfall.
7., according to the method for utilization according to claim 1 ecological ditch interception forest rainwash, it is characterized in that:
The domatic longitudinal direction in described forest land is provided with the drain ditch being communicated with many ecological ditches, and this drain ditch communicates with the sand basin of this forest land physical features lowest part; After annual spring or each heavy rain, sand basin silt is returned forest land domatic on.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108575170A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-28 | 美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Hill forest green method is replied immediately soon |
| CN109511455A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-26 | 西南大学 | A kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil |
| CN110485533A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 新疆农业大学 | Drought-hit area collection rain flood storage tree planting channel |
| CN111108837A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-08 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Method for promoting slope broad-leaved forest to form uniform withered matter and humus layer |
| CN112136410A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-29 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method for rapidly building plants in flood plain wetland of Yangtze river central island |
| CN113068570A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-06 | 西北农林科技大学 | Vegetation configuration method for controlling water and soil loss of alpine slope |
| CN113068462A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 怀化职业技术学院 | Hillside orchard mechanized operation land preparation method |
| CN113248020A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 朴草(重庆)生态环境科技有限公司 | Design method of small micro-wetland of bamboo forest |
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| CN101270570A (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2008-09-24 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Mud silt blocking method for dilute debris flow and high-sandiness floods and uses thereof |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108575170A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-28 | 美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Hill forest green method is replied immediately soon |
| CN109511455A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-26 | 西南大学 | A kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil |
| CN110485533A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 新疆农业大学 | Drought-hit area collection rain flood storage tree planting channel |
| CN111108837A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-08 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Method for promoting slope broad-leaved forest to form uniform withered matter and humus layer |
| CN111108837B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-05-11 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Method for promoting slope broad-leaved forest to form uniform withered matter and humus layer |
| CN112136410A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-29 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method for rapidly building plants in flood plain wetland of Yangtze river central island |
| CN112136410B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-11-01 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method for rapidly building plants in flood plain wetland of Yangtze river central island |
| CN113068462A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 怀化职业技术学院 | Hillside orchard mechanized operation land preparation method |
| CN113068570A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-06 | 西北农林科技大学 | Vegetation configuration method for controlling water and soil loss of alpine slope |
| CN113248020A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 朴草(重庆)生态环境科技有限公司 | Design method of small micro-wetland of bamboo forest |
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Application publication date: 20160316 |