CN112136410A - Method for rapidly building plants in flood plain wetland of Yangtze river central island - Google Patents
Method for rapidly building plants in flood plain wetland of Yangtze river central island Download PDFInfo
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- CN112136410A CN112136410A CN202011069243.2A CN202011069243A CN112136410A CN 112136410 A CN112136410 A CN 112136410A CN 202011069243 A CN202011069243 A CN 202011069243A CN 112136410 A CN112136410 A CN 112136410A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly colonizing flood plain wetland plants in a Jiangxi island, which is characterized in that three level recovery areas are arranged on the basis of different flooding days, the first level recovery area is positioned at the high position of a flood plain, the annual flooding period is 0-50 days, and woody plants, arbor plants and shrub plants resistant to flooding are planted; the second-stage recovery area is positioned in the middle of the flood plain, the annual flooding period is 50-100 days, and the shrubs which are not too flood-resistant are planted; the third-level recovery area is positioned above the normal water level, the flooding period of the whole year is 100-plus-150 days, flooding-resistant herbaceous plants are planted, and a hydraulic structure device composed of gabions, broken stones, wooden piles and the like is further arranged in the recovery area. Compared with the traditional single vegetation recovery mode, the method adopts a three-dimensional multi-level recovery area, adapts to different flooding situations, has good vegetation survival rate and growth condition, is not easily damaged by water flow and periodic dry and wet alternation, can effectively resist the damage of the water flow and improve the vegetation survival rate, and has better landscape and ecological functions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water ecological environment restoration, and particularly relates to a method for quickly establishing swan wetland plants in the heart island of Yangtze river.
Background
The Yangtze river is the first big river in China, is the main water-carrying artery crossing the east and west of China, and is called a 'gold waterway'. With the implementation of the national Yangtze river protection strategy, the ecological environment restoration and protection of the Yangtze river are more urgent. The flood plain of the Yangtze river is an important component of the ecological system of the Yangtze river, and bears a plurality of ecological service functions, economic functions and social functions, such as providing habitats for a plurality of birds and fishes. According to incomplete statistics, more than 50 river center islands are distributed along the Yangtze river, are important components of the Yangtze river ecosystem, are far away from urban influence, and have high ecological value. However, the Yangtze river flood beach is faced with various pressure factors, such as loss of habitat, change of hydrological situation, pollution and over development, and a plurality of regions of the flood beach of the Yangtze river heart island become 'river-side desert', so that the restoration of the ecological system of the Yangtze river flood beach wetland is very necessary.
The flood plain ecological restoration of the Jiangxi island needs to be carried out from multiple layers, wherein one of the most basic measures is to restore a flood plain wetland plant community. The rapid colonization of wetland plants lays a foundation for comprehensive and three-dimensional ecological restoration, is favorable for maintaining water and soil, provides habitats for aquatic organisms, birds and the like, and simultaneously restores or enhances the self-purification capacity of water. However, due to factors such as special geological and topographic structures of the Jiangxi island, long-term hydraulic action and the like, the flood beach of the Jiangxi island is periodically submerged and exposed. Meanwhile, the water flow wraps the sediment to continuously wash the soil body, and the plants lack the soil for rooting and growing. The flood plain stratum mostly belongs to a fourth system of completely new river alluvial facies sedimentary deposit, the surface layer is silty clay, and the lower part is sandy soil. The powdery clay has poor agglomeration property, water retention property and nutrient content. The traditional single vegetation recovery method, such as the method of sowing grass seeds, planting shrubs and small trees in holes, has the problems of high implementation difficulty and poor survival and growth conditions. Therefore, the method and the matching device for quickly establishing wetland plants are urgently needed to be developed aiming at the special habitat of the flood wetland of the Jiangxi island.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for quickly planting plants in the flood plain wetland of the Jiangxi island.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly building plants in the flood plain wetland of the Jiangxi island is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) leveling the slope of the flood plain in the dry period, and removing garbage and gravels which are easy to fall off in the soil body of the flood plain;
(2) according to annual water flooding days of different areas of the flood plain of the Jiangxi island, 3 levels of recovery areas are set in the flood plain: the first-level recovery area is positioned at a high place of the flood plain, and the annual flooding period is 0-50 days; the secondary recovery area is positioned in the middle of the flood plain, and the annual flooding period is 50-100 days; the third-level recovery area is positioned above the normal water level, and the annual inundation period is 150 days from 100-;
(3) excavating a plurality of grooves along the slope of the flood plain in each stage of recovery area, placing gabions in the grooves of the first stage of recovery area at an angle of 45 degrees with the slope, leaving empty sandy land at the bottom, placing V-shaped gabions in the grooves of the second and third stage of recovery areas, paving broken stones outside the gabions, covering soil in the gabions for planting plants, covering broken stones on the surfaces of plant gaps, and additionally installing steel wire meshes on the surfaces of the broken stones to reduce scouring of water flow on plants and soil;
(4) different wetland plants are planted in each stage of recovery area: arbor and shrub combination is carried out in the first-level recovery area, grass irrigation and irrigation are carried out in the second-level recovery area, and flooding-resistant herbaceous plants are selected for the third-level recovery area.
Furthermore, blind ditches are arranged at intervals along the slope and used for draining water from the groove.
Furthermore, a ballast stone is placed at the lower part of the three-stage recovery area, and thick wooden piles are inserted and fixed in the ballast stone.
Further, the soil covered in the gabion is taken from the surface soil of the Jiangxi island, and the soil is required to be uniform and does not contain large gravels.
Further, one or more of sequoia intermedia, weeping willow, Chinese ash, mulberry, poplar and broussonetia papyrifera are planted in the first-level recovery area, one or more of verbena paniculata, sedge grass and salix autumn flower are planted in the second-level recovery area, and bermuda grass is planted in the third-level recovery area.
A method for quickly establishing plants in a flood plain wetland of a Jiangxi island comprises the following steps:
and establishing three levels of recovery areas according to the annual water flooding days (the water flooding days in different areas of the flood plain of the Jiangxi island are 0-150 days) of the area. The primary recovery area is positioned at a high position of the flood beach and is 200 meters away from the water surface in the dry period, the flood period can be submerged, and the annual flooding period is 0-50 days; the second-stage recovery area is positioned in the middle of the flood plain, the highest position is 50-150m away from the water surface in the dry period, and the annual flooding period is 50-100 days; the third-level recovery area is positioned above the normal water level, the highest position is 10-50m away from the water surface in the dry period, the bottom of the slope of the flood beach is submerged for a long time in the flood period and the full-year submergence period is 150 days in 100-plus period.
The fast planting method of the flood wetland plants in the Jiangxi island (as shown in figure 1) is used for construction in the dry season. Leveling a flood slope, excavating a plurality of grooves, paving broken stones at the bottoms and two sides of the grooves, placing steel wire gabions on the broken stones, and covering soil on the gabions. Planting holes are arranged in soil, different plants are selected according to design to be planted, broken stones cover the surface layers of plant gaps, steel wire meshes are additionally arranged on the surfaces of the broken stones, and the scouring of water flow to the plants and the soil is reduced. The first-level recovery area mainly selects woody plants with certain flooding resistance, and combines trees and shrubs. The second-level recovery area is mainly combined by the use of the shrub and grass which are not too flooded. The third-level recovery area is mainly made of flooding-resistant herbaceous plants. And the lower part of the third-level recovery area is thrown with a ballast to prevent water flow from scouring and collapsing, and the ballast is penetrated with a fixed thick wood pile. Stones and stakes provide habitat and spawning sites for aquatic animals.
A device for quickly building plants on a flood plain wetland of a Jiangxi island comprises broken stones, V-shaped gabions, cuboid gabions, a gabion net, soil, wooden piles and the like. As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, it is characterized in that:
and paving broken stones at the bottom and two sides of the groove, compacting and leveling to form an included angle of 90 degrees. Place the steel wire gabion on the rubble, two tertiary recovery areas adopt V type gabion, and the arbor root system is longer in one-level recovery area, and the plant is tall and big, and the bottom does not spread the stone so that prick the root. The gabion is woven by galvanized or plastic-coated steel wires. The gabion is covered with soil, and the soil is taken from the high position of the Jiangxi island and requires clay with higher nutrient, aggregation and water retention. Planting holes are arranged in soil, different plants are selected according to design to be planted, broken stones cover the surface layers of plant gaps, steel wire meshes are additionally arranged on the surfaces of the broken stones, and the scouring of water flow to the plants and the soil is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. surveying the flood plain of the Jiangxi island on the spot, acquiring basic information such as water level change, flood time and area of the flood plain, setting a three-level recovery area based on different flooding days, and selecting different vegetation. Compared with the traditional single vegetation recovery mode, the method has the advantages that the slope is realized due to the situation, the space is suitable, the three-dimensional multi-level recovery area is adopted, the method is suitable for different flooding situations, and the survival rate and the growth condition of the vegetation, the subsequent species diversity and the development condition of the wetland ecosystem are far better than those of the traditional method.
2. The invention adopts the combined design of broken stones, V-shaped gabions, cuboid gabions, gabion nets, soil, wood piles and the like, is suitable for the three-dimensional multi-level restoration area, and is tailored for the rapid colonization method of the flood plain wetland plants of the Jiangxi island. The gabion has high strength, is not easy to collapse and disperse, is porous, and has good water permeability effect. The V-shaped design can effectively prevent soil from being washed away in a flooding period, and can intercept silt in water flow for plant growth. The design greatly reduces the impact damage effect of water flow, provides necessary growth soil for the growth of wetland plants, and has the advantages of small construction and installation difficulty, low cost and simple later maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of fast colonization of the flood wetland plant community of the Jiangxi island. The dotted line area is provided with three levels of recovery areas, and the left side of the attached figure is a water level schematic diagram.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a trench device with two and three levels of recovery regions.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a trench device for a primary recovery region.
Wherein: 1-ballast stone, 2-thick wood pile, 3-gravel, 4-gabion, 5-soil and 6-plant.
Detailed Description
Taking a certain river heart island flood plain of the Yangtze river as an example, the technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail below by combining the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
A method for quickly establishing plants in a flood plain wetland of a Jiangxi island comprises the following specific steps:
(1) constructing in a dry period, flattening the slope of the flood plain, and removing garbage in soil of the flood plain and large gravels which are easy to fall off and influence plant growth;
(2) early-stage investigation finds that the flooding days of different areas of the flood plain of the Jiangxi island are about 0-150 days, and three levels of recovery areas are set in the flood plain according to the flooding days of the whole year:
as shown in fig. 1, the flood beach is divided into three levels of recovery zones according to the annual water flooding days of the area: the first-level recovery area is located at a high position of the flood beach, the annual inundation period is 0-50 days, the highest elevation is 15-25m (taking a local navigation base plane as a reference), the highest elevation is 200m away from the water surface in the dry period, and the flood period can be submerged; the secondary recovery area is positioned in the middle of the flood plain, the annual flooding period is 50-100 days, and the highest position is 50-150m away from the water surface in the dry period; the third-level recovery area is positioned above the normal water level, the annual inundation period is 150 days from 100 plus materials, and the highest position is 10-50m away from the water surface in the dry period;
(3) excavating a plurality of grooves along the slope of the flood plain in each stage of recovery area, wherein the number of the grooves in the first stage of recovery area is 3-5, the width of each groove is 2.5m, the depth of each groove is 1m, the number of the second stage of recovery area is 5-10, the number of the third stage of recovery area is 2-3, the width of each groove in the second and third stage of recovery area is 1.5m, the depth of each groove is 1m, the length of each groove is generally 1/2-3/4 of the length of the flood plain to be repaired of wetland plants, and blind ditches (the width of 40cm and the depth of;
as shown in fig. 2, V-shaped gabions are placed in the grooves of the second-level recovery area and the third-level recovery area, as shown in fig. 3, the gabions in the grooves of the first-level recovery area are placed at an angle of 45 degrees with the slope bank, and a 1m wide open sandy land is reserved at the bottom of the gabion, so that the root system of the arbor in the first-level recovery area is longer, and a stone block is not paved at the bottom of the gabion so as to be; the width of the gabion is 1m, the thickness of the gabion is 0.2m, the length of the gabion is determined according to geographical positions, the gabion can be freely spliced, broken stones are laid on the outer side of the gabion, soil is covered in the gabion for planting plants, the soil is taken from surface soil of a Jiangxi island, the soil is required to be uniform in quality and does not contain large gravels, compared with a silty clay layer on the surface of a flood plain, the gabion is richer in nutrition, better in water retention and aggregation, the broken stones are covered on the surface layers of plant gaps, and a steel wire mesh is additionally arranged on the surface of;
1m thick anchor stone blocks are thrown in the range from the lower part of the third-stage recovery area to 10m of the river center to prevent the recovery area from being eroded and collapsed by water flow for a long time, thick wooden piles are inserted and fixed in the anchor stones, and the stones and the wooden piles provide habitat and spawning sites for aquatic animals;
(4) planting different wetland plants in each stage of recovery area: the first-stage recovery area is mainly selected from woody plants, trees and shrubs are combined, such as Chinese fir (Ascendens mucronatum), weeping willow (Salix babylonica), Chinese ash (Pterocarpa stenoptera), mulberry (Morus alba), poplar (Populus simonii var. przewalski), Broussonetia papyrifera (Broussonetia papyrifera) and the like, the plants have high survival rate, quick growth, better ornamental value and certain flooding resistance, and can provide habitats for birds and other animals; the secondary recovery area is mainly combined with shrubs and grasses, and plants which are not too resistant to flooding, such as hemarthria paniculata (Hemarthia compassa), Carex thomsonii (Carex thomsonii), Salix atopanha and the like, are selected, and the plants are small, have developed root systems and have good soil-fixing and water-retaining properties; the third-stage recovery area is mainly selected from flooding-resistant herbaceous plants such as Cynodon dactylon (Cynodon dactylon), and the plants have the same advantages of good soil-fixing and water-retaining properties, high propagation speed and high coverage; the plants with different growth characteristics are suitable for different water flooding environments, the growth condition is better, the ecological functions are more diversified, the bare cohesive sandy soil can be quickly bred and covered, the soil can be fixed and the water can be preserved, and rich habitats are provided for wetland animals;
the flood plain belongs to an impact phase sedimentary layer, the surface layer is plastic powdery clay, the nutrient elements are few, the scouring resistance is poor, and the river water periodically fluctuates and is continuously impacted by the wrapped silt, so the vegetation on the flood plain is sparse, and most areas are in an exposed form. Through the specific technical measures, fixation and nutrition conditions can be provided for vegetation growth, and scouring damage of water flow is greatly reduced.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for rapidly building plants in the flood plain wetland of the Jiangxi island is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) leveling the slope of the flood plain in the dry period, and removing garbage and gravels which are easy to fall off in the soil body of the flood plain;
(2) according to annual water flooding days of different areas of the flood plain of the Jiangxi island, 3 levels of recovery areas are set in the flood plain: the first-level recovery area is positioned at a high place of the flood plain, and the annual flooding period is 0-50 days; the secondary recovery area is positioned in the middle of the flood plain, and the annual flooding period is 50-100 days; the third-level recovery area is positioned above the normal water level, and the annual inundation period is 150 days from 100-;
(3) excavating a plurality of grooves along the slope of the flood plain in each stage of recovery area, placing gabions in the grooves of the first stage of recovery area at an angle of 45 degrees with the slope, leaving empty sandy land at the bottom, placing V-shaped gabions in the grooves of the second and third stage of recovery areas, paving broken stones outside the gabions, covering soil in the gabions for planting plants, covering broken stones on the surfaces of plant gaps, and additionally installing steel wire meshes on the surfaces of the broken stones to reduce scouring of water flow on plants and soil;
(4) different wetland plants are planted in each stage of recovery area: arbor and shrub combination is carried out in the first-level recovery area, grass irrigation and irrigation are carried out in the second-level recovery area, and flooding-resistant herbaceous plants are selected for the third-level recovery area.
2. The method for rapidly planting plants on the flood plain wetland of the Jiangxi island according to claim 1, wherein blind ditches are arranged along the slope at intervals.
3. The method for fast planting plants on the flood plain wetland in the Jiangxi island according to claim 1, wherein a set of stone blocks is placed under the tertiary recovery area, and thick wooden piles are inserted and fixed in the stone blocks.
4. The method for rapidly building the flood wetland plant in the Jiangxi island according to claim 1, wherein the soil covered in the gabion is taken from the topsoil of the Jiangxi island, and the soil is required to be uniform and free of large gravels.
5. The method for rapid colonization of island-in-the-river flood wetland plants according to claim 1, wherein one or more of sequoia zhongshanensis, weeping willow, Chinese ash, mulberry, poplar and paper mulberry are planted in the first-stage restoration area, one or more of verbena paniculata, sedge cauliflora and salix autumn-indica is planted in the second-stage restoration area, and bermuda kowii is planted in the third-stage restoration area.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114557163A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-05-31 | 江苏绿岩生态技术股份有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for slag slope |
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