CN104234007B - A kind of river saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method - Google Patents
A kind of river saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104234007B CN104234007B CN201410534746.0A CN201410534746A CN104234007B CN 104234007 B CN104234007 B CN 104234007B CN 201410534746 A CN201410534746 A CN 201410534746A CN 104234007 B CN104234007 B CN 104234007B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of river saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method, is included in the plant pit that fish-scale pit shape arrangement is excavated on levee slope surface; Each plant pit with to be adjacent in row plant pit its nearest lower left of distance or upper right side/lower right or upper left plant pit and to ask and to be communicated with by salt discharge pipe trench, and salt discharge pipe trench forms a series of being parallel to each other and equidistant raceway groove on the surface at levee slope; Be positioned at levee slope surface the top a line each described in plant pit pass to ground by interface channel, be positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line each described in plant pit pass into river course by interface channel; Be equipped with drainage pipe and drench layer in salt discharge pipe trench and plant pit, and drainage pipe is communicated with along channel direction.The invention carries out not passenger's soil on domatic, not destroying levee slope globality, only carry out original position improvement, levee slope saline-alkali soil directly being improved a kind of effective ways for afforesting soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of land improvement, particularly the improvement of a kind of river embankment and Coastal beach saline and alkaline matter earth embankment bank and greening method.
Background technology
Easily there is inwelling in mouth of the river place.Especially arid season (as winter) has been arrived, river level is lower than sea level, at this moment, the seawater that saliferous is higher just blows back into the mouth of the river, cause the river salt content near estuary to rise, particularly during high tide, seawater even pours in down a chimney the state into the unbroken tens kilometers of formation fresh water in river and sea water mixing, river salt content is in high-level state, and after long-time, formation riverbed, offshore place river and bank protection soil salt content also rise thereupon.Meanwhile, when injection ocean, river or lake, current stream comes to external diffusion, and kinetic energy significantly weakens, and is got off by be with silting, and silt is often piled into shoal, transverse arrest river mouth, is the major obstacle of Hekou District shipping.For reducing estuary place silt resistance, ensureing that river course is unimpeded, reducing passage resistance, taking precautions against risk in flood season, need regularly to carry out desilting work to river course.A large amount of mud salt content that desilting produces are high, and utilize difficulty comparatively large, generally can only then locate to pile up, land occupation resource, wastes huge.How mud is used, and turns waste into wealth, and becomes the key subjects of ecological environmental protection and hydraulic engineering worker.At present, it is an importance to its in addition effectively utilization that raising riverway sludge being used on the spot river levee slope is reinforced.
Form because river levee slope is filled by desilting mud, the salt content of mud is high, most high salinity can reach 30 ‰ (solely flowing distributary for Tianjin), in addition the exposed evaporation capacity in earth's surface is large, its salt content is increased year by year, and soil property ventilation infiltration ability extreme difference, be unfavorable for extremely most garden plant growth, be difficult to the Afforestation Landscape effect formed.In recent years because each department ecological construction needs, levee slope greening in river becomes the afforested areas that a slice developing, but high salinity levee slope is afforested and brought huge challenge to the improvement of common saline-alkali soil original position.First levee slope is different from plane, and its gradient is at 30 ° ~ about 45 °, and difficulty of construction is large; Next is considered that riverbank levee slope is attached most importance to and wants flood control facility, does not allow to occur the body disturbance of large-area slope, destroys the overall structure stability of levee slope; Large area nursery stock of planting will increase the load of slope body in addition, increase the risk of landslide, affect river course safety.Limit conventional greening technique above, especially the large-area applications of reclamation of salinep-alkali soil greening technique many maximum of condition, increase the difficulty of river levee slope greening.How both to have met river levee slope landscape planting effect, ensure that again river levee is as water retaining structure, resists flooding, keeps off damp wave resistance, the safety of resident and industrial and agricultural production in protection dike is the significant problem that river saline-alkali soil levee slope afforestation project needs solution badly.
Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area is known as from ancient times " under nine rivers the tip ", has many rivers, and total drainage area 50 square kilometres and 192, above river, be continuous 3913 kilometers.River levee slope green coverage is huge, only solely flows the river levee slope green coverage conservative estimation of distributary and new Yongding River salinization of soil just more than 2,000,000 square meters.The main region that these regions are afforested after being all, therefore, directly improveing as afforesting soil by levee slope saline-alkali soil is the effective way accelerated Urban Greening at present, economize the land resource, preserve the ecological environment, and has great economic and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
The invention is for solving the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, there is provided a kind of on wide-angle river saline-alkali soil levee slope is domatic, carries out not passenger's soil, not destroying levee slope globality, only carry out original position improvement, levee slope saline-alkali soil directly being improved the effective ways for afforesting soil.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the invention adopts is that a kind of river saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method, comprises following construction content: excavate the plant pit vertical with the water surface on levee slope surface, and described plant pit is fish-scale pit shape arrangement; Each plant pit is communicated with by salt discharge pipe trench with being adjacent in row plant pit between its nearest lower left of distance or upper right side/lower right or upper left plant pit, described salt discharge pipe trench slope aspect is consistent with levee slope, and identical with the angle of horizontal direction, form a series of being parallel to each other and equidistant raceway groove on the surface at levee slope; Be positioned at levee slope surface the top a line each described in plant pit interface channel in any way pass to ground, be positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line each described in plant pit interface channel in any way pass into river course; Drainage pipe is equipped with in described salt discharge pipe trench and plant pit, described drainage pipe is communicated with along channel direction, and at the some circles of each plant pit inside turn, via levee slope surface the top a line each described in plant pit pass to ground with the interface channel on ground, and via the surperficial bottom a line of levee slope each described in the interface channel in plant pit and river course pass into river course; Pouring layer is also provided with in described plant pit.
Further, described plant pit seeding row spacing is minimum is 2.5m × 2.5m, is preferably seeding row spacing equidistant arrangement, is more preferably (3m ~ 4m) × (3m ~ 4m).Described plant pit can be cylindrical, opening diameter 1.0 ~ 1.2m, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2m.Drainage pipe in described plant pit preferably spirals and is arranged at bottom plant pit, and the 1-3 that preferably spirals encloses, and most preferably is 2 circles.
Further, the pouring layer in described plant pit can be arranged at the part bottom plant pit except drainage pipe, drenches layer thickness and is preferably 5 ~ 40cm, be more preferably 10 ~ 20cm.
Further, bottom described plant pit and periphery can also be enclosed with some layers of straw screen or mat, reed curtain, non-woven fabrics, or the pouring layer increasing and enclose thick 5-10cm is added at described plant pit periphery, to prevent the saline and alkaline impact on improveing original soil in plant pit of plant pit surrounding, and prevent and treat later stage secondary salinization.
Further, the cross section of described salt discharge pipe trench can be rectangle, dark 0.8 ~ 1.2m, width 25-40cm; Preferably, described salt discharging pipe ditch depth 1.2m, width 30cm; Drainage pipe in described salt discharge pipe trench is arranged at bottom salt discharging pipe ditch along salt discharge pipe trench direction, and is communicated with the drainage pipe in adjacent plant pit.
As the replacement scheme of above-mentioned salt discharging pipe groove structure, the cross section of described salt discharge pipe trench can also in trapezoidal, dark 0.8 ~ 1.2m, the wide 35-40cm in top, the wide 25-30cm in bottom; Drainage pipe in described salt discharge pipe trench is arranged at bottom salt discharging pipe ditch along salt discharge pipe trench direction, and is communicated with the drainage pipe in adjacent plant pit.
Further, in described salt discharge pipe trench, also pouring layer can be set.Pouring layer in described salt discharge pipe trench is arranged at the part bottom salt discharging pipe ditch except drainage pipe, and thickness is preferably 5-40cm, is more preferably 10-20cm, most preferably is 15-20cm.
Further, the material of described drainage pipe can be selected as required, is preferably PVC screwed pipe, can also be wound with non-woven fabrics outside described PVC screwed pipe, and general winding 2-5 layer, is preferably 2 layers.Described drainage pipe external diameter is preferably 5-7.5cm, is preferably 6.5cm.
Further, the material of described pouring layer can be selected according to the conventional means of this area, is generally one or more in stone nitre, cobble, slag stone, coarse sand, boiler ash sediment or clean stone, is preferably stone nitre.
Further, described pouring layer surface, bottom and/or all right coated non-woven fabrics of periphery, enter pouring layer to prevent the soil of periphery.
Wherein, be positioned at levee slope surface the top a line each described in plant pit can be identical with orientation in the structure on levee slope surface with salt discharge pipe trench with the interface channel on ground, also can be identical from salt discharging pipe groove structure but different with horizontal direction angulation, such as, this interface channel is identical with salt discharging pipe groove structure, but vertically passes to ground along levee slope surface, can also be different from salt discharging pipe groove structure, such as, pouring layer is not laid.
Wherein, be positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line each described in plant pit can be identical with orientation in the structure on levee slope surface with salt discharge pipe trench with the interface channel in river course, also can be identical from salt discharging pipe groove structure but different with horizontal direction angulation, such as, this interface channel is identical with salt discharging pipe groove structure, but vertically passes into river course along levee slope surface, can also be different from salt discharging pipe groove structure, such as, pouring layer is not laid.
If the plant pit being positioned at raceway groove bottom is not the plant pit being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line, then it is continued extended connection one section of salt discharge pipe trench downwards along channel direction, or/and its connection irrigation canals and ditches are in any way communicated with the plant pit in other raceway grooves, make the plant pit in this raceway groove finally the direct or indirect plant pit being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line via other raceway grooves be communicated with river course; Preferably, the connected mode of described connection irrigation canals and ditches can be, with the structure identical with described salt discharge pipe trench, each is positioned at the plant pit of raceway groove bottom to be connected with the plant pit be positioned in its adjacent channel below it, until have the plant pit being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line in this raceway groove, be interconnected along the drainage pipe in the drainage pipe laid in connection irrigation canals and ditches and parallel channel simultaneously, the plant pit in each raceway groove finally can both be communicated with river course via the plant pit being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line; Preferred, the connected mode of described connection irrigation canals and ditches can be, with the structure identical with described salt discharge pipe trench, the plant pit of bottom in adjacent channel is connected, until have the plant pit being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line in this raceway groove, be interconnected along the drainage pipe in the drainage pipe laid in connection irrigation canals and ditches and parallel channel simultaneously, the plant pit in each raceway groove finally can both be communicated with river course via the plant pit being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line.
If the plant pit being positioned at raceway groove the top is not the plant pit being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line, then it is upwards continued extended connection one section of salt discharge pipe trench along channel direction, or/and its connection irrigation canals and ditches are in any way communicated with the plant pit in other raceway grooves, make the plant pit in this raceway groove finally the direct or indirect plant pit being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line via other raceway grooves be communicated with ground; Preferably, the connected mode of described connection irrigation canals and ditches can be, with the structure identical with described salt discharge pipe trench, each is positioned at the plant pit of raceway groove the top to be connected with the plant pit be positioned in its adjacent channel above it, until have the plant pit being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line in this raceway groove, be interconnected along the drainage pipe in the drainage pipe laid in connection irrigation canals and ditches and parallel channel simultaneously, the plant pit in each raceway groove finally can both be communicated with ground via the plant pit being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line; Preferred, the connected mode of described connection irrigation canals and ditches can be, with the structure identical with described salt discharge pipe trench, the plant pit of the top in adjacent channel is connected, until have the plant pit being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line in this raceway groove, be interconnected along the drainage pipe in the drainage pipe laid in connection irrigation canals and ditches and parallel channel simultaneously, the plant pit in each raceway groove finally can both be communicated with ground via the plant pit being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line.
It not the plant pit being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line to the plant pit being positioned at raceway groove bottom, or the plant pit being positioned at raceway groove the top is not the plant pit being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line, be communicated with ground or river course for making it, a kind of replacement scheme is proposed: in the both sides on levee slope surface, with the structure identical with described salt discharge pipe trench, successively the plant pit of bottom in adjacent channel is connected, formed and be communicated with irrigation canals and ditches, the plant pit interface channel being in any way positioned at described connection irrigation canals and ditches the top passes to ground, the plant pit interface channel being in any way positioned at described connection irrigation canals and ditches bottom passes into river course, simultaneously along being communicated with the drainage pipe laid in irrigation canals and ditches, be interconnected with the drainage pipe be adjacent in plant pit, ground is passed to via the described plant pit of connection irrigation canals and ditches the top and the interface channel on ground, and pass into river course via the described plant pit of connection irrigation canals and ditches bottom and the interface channel in river course.
Above-mentioned interface channel, connection irrigation canals and ditches have the structure identical with salt discharge pipe trench and specifically comprise, have and salt discharge pipe trench same depth, width, and the drainage pipe of identical setting and drench layer, and described interface channel and connection irrigation canals and ditches in drainage pipe be connected with the plant pit be adjacent.
The construction of described plant pit, salt discharge pipe trench, interface channel and connection irrigation canals and ditches is without sequencing.
Described herein pass to ground or be communicated with ground to comprise directly or indirectly be communicated with ground, pass into river course or be communicated with river course to comprise and be directly or indirectly communicated with river course.
Further, the below of the plant pit of described bottom a line can also be provided with the main drain parallel with river course, described main drain can be communicated with by described interface channel with the plant pit of bottom a line, be provided with the main drainage pipeline passing into river course in described main drain, be communicated with the described drainage pipe in each described interface channel respectively.
Further, if lower than alluvial flat surface bottom the plant pit of bottom a line, then lower than more than 20cm bottom the plant pit of bottom a line, 20-30cm need be preferably bottom described main drain; If be not less than alluvial flat surface bottom the plant pit of bottom a line, then lower than alluvial flat surface more than 20cm, 20-30cm need be preferably bottom described main drain; Described main drain more than width 30cm, is preferably 30-40cm; Described main drain can be arranged on domatic or alluvial flat, preferably arrange on alluvial flat with domatic intersection.
Further, the material of described main drainage pipeline can be selected as required, is preferably PVC screwed pipe, can also be wound with non-woven fabrics outside described PVC screwed pipe, and general winding 2-5 layer, is preferably 2 layers.Described main drainage pipeline external diameter is preferably 8-12cm, is preferably 10cm.
Further, be also arranged at intervals with some salt discharge wells in described main drain, described main drainage pipeline passes among described salt discharge well.
Further, described salt discharge well arranges one every 50-100m on direction, described main drain.
Further, described salt discharge well in depth can descend more than 2m.
The setting of described main drain and described salt discharge well can strengthen saline and alkaline eliminating efficiency, suppresses the anti-alkali of the anti-salt in river course, realizes saline and alkaline forced-ventilated effect, especially have remarkable effect for bottom the plant pit of bottom a line lower than the greening on alluvial flat surface is domatic.
Further, a kind of river of the present invention saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method is also included in after above-mentioned construction content completes, and backfills the original soil of improvement, irrigate desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching several times, then carry out transplanted seedling tree in plant pit.
Further, the original soil of described improvement can improve for the various modification methods that can use for saline-alkali soil through this area after original soil, described various modification method generally comprise by original soil with certain proportion and nitrogenous, phosphorous, containing organic, mix acquisition containing all types of industries of all kinds of trace elements etc. or biological raw material.Preferably, the original soil improved in the present invention is made by mixing uniform original soil 45-55 part, river sand and/or mountain skin sand 10-20 part, stalk 10-20 part, turfy soil 4-6 part, desulfurated plaster 1-3 part and cow dung 10-25 part; Preferred, the original soil improved in the present invention is made by mixing uniform original soil 50 parts, river sand and/or 15 parts, mountain skin sand, stalk 15 parts, turfy soil 4 parts, desulfurated plaster 1 part and cow dung 15 parts.
Further, the described irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is preferably 3-5 time, and each water supply volume can calculate generally according to the salt content of barged-in fill; Empirical formula is M=(C1-C2) ShD/KV, and in formula, M---rinse institute's water requirement, unit is m
3(each plant pit water supply volume); C1---the soil salt content before flushing; C2---rinse the soil salt content requiring afterwards to reach; S---site area (m
2); H---desalination layer thickness (m); D---the soil weight (103kg/m
3); K---abnormal smog emission (kg/m
3water, i.e. the salt amount that washes away of every cubic meter of water), K value is 8 ~ 12kg/m
3water; V---plant pit volume.
Further, the time of described transplanted seedling tree is preferably and irrigates the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching after 40 days.
Further, described nursery stock is preferably middle-size and small-size greening seedling, is more preferably Chinese scholar tree, locust tree, Chinese wax, bamboo willow, elm.
The advantage that the invention has and good effect are: (1) achieves the original position improvement carrying out saline-alkali soil on domatic, without the need to carrying out soil moved in improve the original displacement; (2) the present invention is applicable to have the domatic river saline-alkali soil levee slope greening of various wide-angle, is particularly useful for 30 ° ~ 45 ° domatic levee slope greening improvement; (3) without the need to the stability of the globality and structure of destroying levee slope, the body disturbance of large-area slope is prevented and pre-anti-collapse is dangerous; (4) reduce slope body load while realizing greening, green plants can also firm water and soil, and stablize levee slope, flooding is resisted in performance better, keeps off the effect of damp wave resistance; (5) effectively can utilize desilting mud, economize on resources, protection of the environment; (6) make levee slope saline-alkali soil realize character improvement, promote that grain structure is formed, reduces too high salinity, the later stage suppresses saline and alkaline; (7) plant percent of the present invention is high, all more than 90%; (8) later maintenance is simple, regularly pours water.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1-4 is four kinds of embodiment schematic diagrames of the invention mesoslope surface construction structure.
Fig. 5 is the 5th kind of embodiment schematic diagram of the invention mesoslope surface construction structure
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the 5th kind of embodiment in vertical section direction of the invention mesoslope surface construction structure.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment in vertical section direction of salt discharge pipe trench in the invention.
Fig. 8-9 is two kinds of embodiments structural representations in vertical section direction of plant pit in the invention.
Wherein, 1-plant pit; 2-salt discharge pipe trench; 3-raceway groove; 4-interface channel; 5-is communicated with irrigation canals and ditches; 6-drainage pipe; 7-drenches layer; 8-non-woven fabrics; 9-main drain; 10-salt discharge well; 11-alluvial flat; 12-riverbed; 13-main drainage pipeline.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, the invention is further described.
As the first embodiment schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is mesoslope surface construction structure of the present invention.Excavate the plant pit 1 vertical with the water surface on levee slope surface, described plant pit 1 seeding row spacing is 3m × 3m, arranges in fish-scale pit shape; Each plant pit 1 is communicated with by salt discharge pipe trench 2 between its nearest lower left of distance or top-right plant pit with being adjacent in row plant pit 1, described salt discharge pipe trench 2 slope aspect is consistent with levee slope, and identical with the angle of horizontal direction, form a series of being parallel to each other and equidistant raceway groove 3 on the surface at levee slope; Be positioned at levee slope surface the top a line each described in plant pit pass to ground with interface channel 4, be positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line each described in plant pit pass into river course with interface channel 4, described interface channel 4 has structure identical with salt discharge pipe trench 2 and orientation; Be equipped with drainage pipe 6 and drench layer 7 in described salt discharge pipe trench 2 and plant pit 1, described drainage pipe 6 is communicated with along raceway groove 3 direction, and in each plant pit inside turn, via levee slope surface the top a line each described in plant pit pass to ground with the interface channel 4 on ground, and via the surperficial bottom a line of levee slope each described in the interface channel 4 in plant pit and river course pass into river course;
Wherein, the structure of described plant pit 1 as shown in Figure 8, described plant pit 1 is cylindrical, opening diameter 1.0 ~ 1.2m, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2m, drainage pipe 6 spirals and is arranged at bottom plant pit 1, draws after 2 circles that spiral, pouring layer 7 in described plant pit 1 is arranged at the part bottom plant pit 1 except drainage pipe 6, and drenching layer 7 thickness is 10 ~ 20cm;
Wherein, the structure of described salt discharge pipe trench 2 as shown in Figure 7, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2m, width 30cm; Drainage pipe 6 in described salt discharge pipe trench 2 is arranged at bottom salt discharge pipe trench 2 along salt discharge pipe trench 2 direction, and be communicated with the drainage pipe 6 in adjacent plant pit 1, pouring layer 7 in described salt discharge pipe trench 2 is arranged at the part bottom salt discharge pipe trench 2 except drainage pipe 6, and thickness is 15cm.
As the second embodiment schematic diagram that Fig. 2 is mesoslope surface construction structure of the present invention.Excavate the plant pit 1 vertical with the water surface on levee slope surface, described plant pit 1 seeding row spacing is 4m × 4m, arranges in fish-scale pit shape; Each plant pit 1 is communicated with by salt discharge pipe trench 2 between its nearest lower right of distance or upper left plant pit with being adjacent in row plant pit 1, described salt discharge pipe trench 2 slope aspect is consistent with levee slope, and identical with the angle of horizontal direction, form a series of being parallel to each other and equidistant raceway groove 3 on the surface at levee slope; Not the plant pit (as the plant pits that figure Far Left one arranges) being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line for the plant pit being arranged in raceway groove 3 bottom, it is continued extended connection one section of salt discharge pipe trench 2 downwards along raceway groove 3 direction; Not the plant pit (as the plant pits that figure rightmost one arranges) being positioned at levee slope surface the top a line for the plant pit being arranged in raceway groove 3 the top, it is upwards continued extended connection one section of salt discharge pipe trench 2 along raceway groove 3 direction; Be positioned at levee slope surface the top a line each described in plant pit pass to ground with interface channel 4, be positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line each described in plant pit pass into river course with interface channel 4, described interface channel 4 has structure identical with salt discharge pipe trench 2, and interface channel 4 is vertical with horizontal direction; Be equipped with drainage pipe 6 and drench layer 7 in described salt discharge pipe trench 2 and plant pit 1, described drainage pipe 6 is communicated with along raceway groove 3 direction, and in each plant pit inside turn, via levee slope surface the top a line each described in plant pit pass to ground with the interface channel 4 on ground, and via the surperficial bottom a line of levee slope each described in the interface channel 4 in plant pit and river course pass into river course;
The structure of described plant pit 1 as shown in Figure 9, described plant pit 1 is cylindrical, opening diameter 1.0 ~ 1.2m, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2m, drainage pipe 6 spirals and is arranged at bottom plant pit 1, spiral after 2 circles and draw, the pouring layer 7 in described plant pit 1 is arranged at the part bottom plant pit 1 except drainage pipe 6, and drenching layer 7 thickness is 10 ~ 20cm; Layer of non-woven fabric 8 is also provided with periphery bottom plant pit 1.The structure of described salt discharge pipe trench 2 is with the first embodiment aforementioned.
As the third embodiment schematic diagram that Fig. 3 is mesoslope surface construction structure of the present invention.With the first embodiment unlike, it not the plant pit (plant pit as figure left side pattern displaying) being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line for the plant pit being arranged in raceway groove 3 bottom, passed through to be communicated with irrigation canals and ditches 5 and to be positioned at its bottom-right plant pit in adjacent channel and to be communicated with, make the plant pit in this raceway groove finally the indirect plant pit being positioned at the surperficial bottom a line of levee slope via other raceway grooves be communicated with river course; It not the plant pit (plant pit as figure the right pattern displaying) being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line for the plant pit being arranged in raceway groove 3 the top, passed through to be communicated with irrigation canals and ditches 5 and to be positioned at its upper left plant pit in adjacent channel and to be communicated with, make the plant pit in this raceway groove finally the indirect plant pit being positioned at levee slope surperficial the top a line via other raceway grooves pass into ground; Described connection irrigation canals and ditches 5 have structure identical with salt discharge pipe trench 2.
As the 4th kind of embodiment schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is mesoslope surface construction structure of the present invention.With the first embodiment unlike, it not the plant pit (plant pit as figure left side pattern displaying) being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line for the plant pit being arranged in raceway groove 3 bottom, be connected by the plant pit of bottom in adjacent channel successively by being communicated with irrigation canals and ditches 5, the plant pit being positioned at described connection irrigation canals and ditches bottom directly passes into river course by interface channel 4; It not the plant pit (plant pit as figure the right pattern displaying) being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line for the plant pit being arranged in raceway groove 3 the top, successively the plant pit of the top in adjacent channel is connected by being communicated with irrigation canals and ditches 5, until have the plant pit being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line in raceway groove 3; Described connection irrigation canals and ditches 5 and interface channel 4 have structure identical with salt discharge pipe trench 2.
The 5th kind of embodiment schematic diagram of mesoslope surface construction structure of the present invention as seen in figs. 5-6.Lower than alluvial flat 11 surface bottom the plant pit 1 of bottom a line, domatic construction content is except identical with the first embodiment, also on alluvial flat 11, set up a main drain 9 with domatic intersection, lower than 20-30cm bottom the plant pit of bottom a line, wide 30-40cm bottom main drain 9; Described main drain 9 is communicated with by described interface channel 4 with the plant pit 1 of bottom a line, and is provided with the main drainage pipeline 13 passing into river course in described main drain 9, is communicated with respectively with the drainage pipe 6 in each described interface channel 4; Described main drainage pipeline 13 external diameter 10cm; Also be arranged at intervals with some salt discharge wells 10 in described main drain 9, described main drainage pipeline 13 passes among described salt discharge well 10; Described salt discharge well 10 in depth descends 2-3m.
In above-mentioned several embodiment, described interface channel 4, connection irrigation canals and ditches 5 have structure identical with salt discharge pipe trench 2 and specifically comprise, have and salt discharge pipe trench 2 same depth, width, identical drainage pipe 6 and pouring layer 7 are arranged, and described interface channel 4 is connected with the plant pit 1 be adjacent with the drainage pipe 6 be communicated with in irrigation canals and ditches 5.In addition, described drainage pipe 6 and main drainage pipeline 13 select PVC screwed pipe, and in its outer felt around two-layer nonwoven.
After by the scheme construction of any one domatic constructing structure above-mentioned, in plant pit 1, backfill the original soil of improvement.The original soil of described improvement is made up of original soil 50 parts, river sand or 15 parts, mountain skin sand, stalk 15 parts, turfy soil 4 parts, desulfurated plaster 1 part, cow dung 15 parts, each batching is mixed in proportion, and artificial or machinery mixes 2-3 time, mixes evenly and can backfill.Then desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 3-5 time is irrigated, each water supply volume 0.8m
3/ plant pit, carried out transplanted seedling tree after 40 days, and can complete the greening work to levee slope, the later stage regularly pours water.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention, solely flow distributary and new Yongding River disease new district domestic basin saline-alkali soil levee slope in Binhai New Area in Tianjin and carry out greening improvement work.Demonstration ground area amounts to 40,000 square meters, wherein solely flows distributary 20,000 square meter, new Yongding River 20,000 square meter.New Yongding River soil mean salt amount is 4.32g/kg, and top layer permeability average is 7 × 10
-6(cm/ second), pH8.25; Only stream distributary soil mean salt amount is 19.08g/kg, and top layer permeability average is 3.95 × 10
-4(cm/ second), pH8.24.In July, 2014 constructs at the scene, carries out original soil improvement and greening salt discharge engineering.Plant selection of seedling Chinese scholar tree, locust tree, Chinese wax, bamboo willow and elm, survival rate is all more than 90%, and the coming year, nursery stock germinateed early, and growth is normal, does not occur salt damage.Greening construction terminates to carry out periodic detection monitoring to soil salt content afterwards, fetch earth detection time for pour water first about 3 days next time, to pour water about 20 days, interval, region of fetching earth is in plant pit, testing result gets 5 averages, and solely stream distributary afforestation project soil salt content change concrete outcome is listed in table 1.
Table 1 is stream distributary afforestation project soil salt content change list solely
Claims (10)
1. a river saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method, comprises following construction content: excavate the plant pit vertical with the water surface on levee slope surface, and described plant pit is fish-scale pit shape arrangement; Each plant pit is communicated with by salt discharge pipe trench with being adjacent in row plant pit between its nearest lower left of distance or upper right side/lower right or upper left plant pit, described salt discharge pipe trench slope aspect is consistent with levee slope, and identical with the angle of horizontal direction, form a series of being parallel to each other and equidistant raceway groove on the surface at levee slope; Be positioned at levee slope surface the top a line each described in plant pit interface channel in any way pass to ground, be positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line each described in plant pit interface channel in any way pass into river course; Drainage pipe is equipped with in described salt discharge pipe trench and plant pit, described drainage pipe is communicated with along channel direction, and at the some circles of each plant pit inside turn, via levee slope surface the top a line each described in the interface channel on plant pit and ground pass to ground, and via levee slope surface bottom a line each described in the interface channel in plant pit and river course pass into river course, be also provided with pouring layer in described plant pit.
2. a kind of river according to claim 1 saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method, it is characterized in that: described plant pit seeding row spacing is minimum is 2.5m × 2.5m, described plant pit is cylindrical, opening diameter 1.0 ~ 1.2m, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2m, the described drainage pipe in described plant pit spirals and is arranged at bottom described plant pit.
3. a kind of river according to claim 1 saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method, is characterized in that: described salt discharge pipe trench cross section is rectangle or trapezoidal, dark 0.8 ~ 1.2m; Described drainage pipe in described salt discharge pipe trench is arranged at bottom described salt discharging pipe ditch along described salt discharge pipe trench direction.
4. a kind of river according to claim 1 saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method, is characterized in that: be also provided with pouring layer in described salt discharge pipe trench.
5. a kind of river saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that: described interface channel is identical with orientation in the structure on levee slope surface with described salt discharge pipe trench.
6. a kind of river saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: if the described plant pit being positioned at described raceway groove bottom is not the plant pit being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line, then its connection irrigation canals and ditches are in any way communicated with the plant pit in other raceway grooves, make the plant pit in this raceway groove finally the direct or indirect plant pit being positioned at levee slope surface bottom a line via other raceway grooves be communicated with river course; If the described plant pit being positioned at described raceway groove the top is not the plant pit being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line, then its connection irrigation canals and ditches are in any way communicated with the plant pit in other raceway grooves, make the plant pit in this raceway groove finally the direct or indirect plant pit being positioned at the top, levee slope surface a line via other raceway grooves be communicated with ground.
7. a kind of river according to claim 6 saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method, is characterized in that: described connection irrigation canals and ditches are identical in the structure on levee slope surface with described salt discharge pipe trench.
8. a kind of river according to claim 6 saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method, it is characterized in that: the below of the described plant pit of bottom a line is also provided with the main drain parallel with river course, described main drain is communicated with by described interface channel with the described plant pit of bottom a line, be provided with the main drainage pipeline passing into river course in described main drain, be communicated with the described drainage pipe in each described interface channel respectively.
9., according to a kind of river according to claim 8 saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method, it is characterized in that: be also arranged at intervals with some salt discharge wells in described main drain, described main drainage pipeline passes among described salt discharge well.
10. a kind of river according to claim 9 saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method, is characterized in that: be also included in after above-mentioned construction content completes, backfill the original soil of improvement, irrigate desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching several times, then carry out the step of transplanted seedling tree in described plant pit.
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| CN105075793B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2018-01-09 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of tilting fish-scale pit afforestation and soil preparation technology suitable for Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China |
| CN105432409A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-30 | 天津创世生态景观建设股份有限公司 | Method for improving planting patch forest of saline-alkali soil original soil |
| CN106900449A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-30 | 环绿生态景观建设集团有限公司 | A kind of alkaline land soil improves greening construction method |
| CN112806124A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-18 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Construction method for constructing vegetation pit in coal mining subsidence area |
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