CN113068462A - Hillside orchard mechanized operation land preparation method - Google Patents
Hillside orchard mechanized operation land preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113068462A CN113068462A CN202110346330.6A CN202110346330A CN113068462A CN 113068462 A CN113068462 A CN 113068462A CN 202110346330 A CN202110346330 A CN 202110346330A CN 113068462 A CN113068462 A CN 113068462A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B39/12—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
- A01B39/14—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture for working ridges, e.g. for rows of plants and/or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B39/12—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
- A01B39/18—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture for weeding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The application relates to a hillside orchard mechanized operation land preparation method. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) opening a ladder on a hillside with the gradient smaller than a preset angle to form a plurality of transverse ladder surfaces, wherein the ladder surfaces are upward; constructing a main road which intersects with the terrace from the foot of the hillside to the top of the hillside; constructing a mechanical operation channel and a ridge on the stair surface, wherein the mechanical operation channel and the ridge extend from one end to the other end of the stair surface side by side, and the ridge surface is used for planting fruit trees; the mechanical operation channel between the tread and the tread is connected in an S shape (convenient for the operation machine to turn), and the mechanical operation channel is connected with the trunk channel. The method can realize mechanized operation on sloping fields.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural reclamation, in particular to a land preparation method for hillside orchards through mechanized operations.
Background
In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure in China, the planting area of forest and fruit is continuously enlarged, but the arable land area in China is limited, and the sloping land is reclaimed and utilized very early. The sloping field orchard has good drainage, sufficient illumination and good ventilation condition, and is very favorable for fruit growers to plant fruit trees. But the larger land gradient and planting density are not beneficial to the use of general agricultural implements, so the mechanized operation level of hillside orchards is far behind that of flat lands. In the operation of hillside fields and orchards, fruit growers rely on manual work, the labor intensity is high, the working efficiency is low, in recent years, a large amount of labor force flows to city workers, the rural areas are mostly old people and children, the number of middle-aged people is small, and the mechanized operation of the orchards is needed to be realized. The orchard operation mechanization can realize the standardized management of the orchard, replace a large amount of manual operation, greatly reduce the labor intensity of fruit growers, improve the production efficiency, save the labor cost, improve the economic benefit, and simultaneously can also reduce the occurrence of forest fruit diseases and insect pests and improve the fruit quality.
At present, hillside orchards are all traditional orchard constructing methods, and a track is newly built in places with good conditions, so that fertilizers and fruits are convenient to transport. However, the existing method for realizing mechanization of slope surface modification can only realize transportation of fruit trees and fruits by a main road, and is difficult to realize cultivation management such as mechanical fertilization and medication of the fruit trees and mechanical picking of the fruits.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a hillside orchard mechanized operation land preparation method capable of realizing mechanized operation on a sloping field.
A hillside orchard mechanized operation land preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) opening a ladder on a hillside with the gradient smaller than a preset angle to form a plurality of transverse ladder surfaces, wherein the ladder surfaces are upward;
constructing a main road which intersects with the terrace from the foot of the hillside to the top of the hillside;
constructing a mechanical operation channel and a ridge on the stair surface, wherein the mechanical operation channel and the ridge extend from one end to the other end of the stair surface side by side, and the ridge surface is used for planting fruit trees;
the mechanical operation channel between the tread and the tread is connected in an S shape (convenient for the operation machine to turn), and the mechanical operation channel is connected with the trunk channel.
In one embodiment, the hillside is a single-side slope; the main road is in a zigzag shape and is 4-5 m wide, and one end of the main road is communicated with the road; mechanical operation way one end with the trunk road is connected, and the other end passes through the access connection between terraced face and the terraced face with the mechanical operation way of adjacent terraced face, mechanical operation way width 2 ~ 3m for people's walking and the operation of traveling of small-size agricultural machine.
In one embodiment, the hill is a hill; the main road obliquely reaches the top of the hillside from the foot of the hillside, the width of the main road is 4-5 m, and one end of the main road is communicated with a highway; the mechanical operation road width is 2-3 m (the whole ladder width is not less than 3m), and the mechanical operation road between two adjacent ladder surfaces is connected through the trunk road and is used for people walking and small-sized agricultural machine running operation.
In one embodiment, the preset angle is 35 °.
In one embodiment, the tread is angled slightly inwardly to reduce the scouring force of the flowing water.
In one embodiment, the hillside orchard mechanized work soil preparation method further comprises: according to the terrain of the whole orchard, a reservoir is arranged in a place which is favorable for collecting rainwater; and a drainage pipeline is embedded in the bottom of the water storage pool in advance, and a switch is arranged at the opening of the drainage pipeline.
In one embodiment, the hillside orchard is mechanizedThe operation soil preparation method further comprises the following steps: the number of the ridges and the mechanical operation channel of each ladder surface is 1, the width of each ladder surface is 3-4 m, surface layer mellow soil is planed to the outer side of each ladder surface to form the ridges when the ladder is opened, the width of each ridge is 1m, and the height of each ridge is 50-80 cm; digging soil at the planting position of the fruit tree by using an excavator, controlling the row spacing of the fruit tree to be 1.5-3.5 m (the row spacing is determined according to the crown width of the fruit trees of different types), planting 1 row on the ridge surface, wherein the row is planted at the position which is less than or equal to 0.5m away from the outer wall of the ladder, the distance between the fruit tree and the innermost wall of the ladder is greater than or equal to 2.5m, and controlling the density of the fruit tree to be every 750 trees/hm2The height of the fruit tree is controlled below 2 m.
In one embodiment, the hillside orchard mechanized work soil preparation method further comprises: and managing the soil by adopting a grass-growing cultivation mode.
In one embodiment, the managing soil by the way of growing grass comprises: planting perennial pasture or natural pasture between rows of fruit trees; keeping clear ploughing in the tree plate, keeping weeds outside the tree plate to grow, and timely mowing; wherein the mowing frequency is 2-4 times a year so as to reduce nutrition competition with fruit trees, and mowed grass is scattered and spread in an orchard for moisturizing and drought resistance.
In one embodiment, the hillside orchard mechanized work soil preparation method further comprises: the number of the ridges of each trapezoidal surface is 2, the number of the mechanical operation channels is 1, the mechanical operation channels are arranged between two ridges, the width of each trapezoidal surface is 4-6 m, surface layer mellow soil is planed to the two sides of each trapezoidal surface to form the ridges when the ladder is opened, the width of each ridge is 1m, and the height of each ridge is 50-80 cm; digging soil at the planting position of the fruit trees by using an excavator, controlling the row spacing of the fruit trees to be 1.5-3.5 m, planting 1 row on the ridge surface, and controlling the density of the fruit trees to be every 750 plants/hm2The height of the fruit tree is controlled below 2 m.
According to the hillside orchard mechanized operation soil preparation method, the main road and the mechanical operation road are arranged, so that agricultural machinery can be ensured to enter a hillside orchard for operation, and orchard mechanized operation is realized; and the mechanical operation channel between the terraces is connected in an S shape (the operation machine can turn conveniently), so that the agricultural machine can be ensured to walk between the terraces in the S shape without repeated routes, and the operation efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mountain slope with a ladder according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single side of an embodiment for climbing stairs;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a single side slope ladder opening in another embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a hill ladder.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a hillside orchard mechanized operation land preparation method, comprising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) opening a ladder on a hillside with the gradient smaller than a preset angle to form a plurality of transverse ladder surfaces, wherein the ladder surfaces are upward; constructing a main road which intersects with the terrace from the foot of the hillside to the top of the hillside; constructing a mechanical operation channel and a ridge on the stair surface, wherein the mechanical operation channel and the ridge extend from one end to the other end of the stair surface side by side, and the ridge surface is used for planting fruit trees; the mechanical operation channel between the tread and the tread is connected in an S shape (convenient for the operation machine to turn), and the mechanical operation channel is connected with the trunk channel.
Wherein the preset angle may be 30 ° or 35 °, in fig. 1, the preset angle is selected to be 30 °. The multi-step ladder 101 is obtained by stepping the hill 103, and a plurality of transverse terraces are formed. As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, a main road 104 is provided on the hill 103 from the foot of the hill to the top of the hill, and the main road 104 intersects with the tread. The main road 104 may be zigzag, S-shaped, or inclined upward from the slope toe to the top of the slope to reduce the inclination of the main road 104 for the vehicle to walk.
For example, the mechanical working path built on the inner side of the tread is shown in a manner of pointing to a dotted arrow shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the ridge 102 is formed on the outer side of the tread for planting fruit trees, and the mechanical working path connection between the tread and the tread in fig. 2, 3 and 4 is in a large "S" shape, so that agricultural machinery can conveniently walk between the tread and the tread; the inner side of the ladder surface is close to the side of the hillside, and the outer side of the ladder surface is far away from the side of the hillside.
In the hillside orchard mechanized operation soil preparation method, the main road and the mechanical operation road are arranged, so that agricultural machinery can be ensured to enter a hillside orchard for operation, and orchard mechanized operation is realized; and the mechanical operation channel between the terraces is connected in an S shape (the operation machine can turn conveniently), so that the agricultural machine can be ensured to walk between the terraces in the S shape without repeated routes, and the operation efficiency is improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the hillside 103 is a single-side slope; the main road 104 is zigzag and 4-5 m wide, and one end of the main road 104 is communicated with a road; mechanical operation way one end with the trunk road 104 is connected, and the other end passes through the access connection between tread and the tread with the mechanical operation way of adjacent tread, mechanical operation way width 2 ~ 3m for people's walking and the operation of traveling of small-size agricultural machine.
Wherein in fig. 2 and 3 the mechanical working path between the tread and the tread is close to the hill edge 105. In fig. 3, tread lanes are provided, and as indicated by the dashed arrows in fig. 3, the tread lanes may be provided with a width of 2 m. Is convenient for agricultural operations such as ditching, fertilizing, pesticide spraying, drought resisting and the like of the crawler-type field management machine.
In the embodiment, the fruit garden path is designed to be composed of the trunk road and the mechanical operation road, small-sized mechanical operation is facilitated, the small-sized tiller can be driven to the side of each tree, fertilization, pesticide spraying, drought resistance and irrigation and fruit conveying are completed by the aid of machinery, labor input is reduced to the maximum extent, cost is reduced, economic benefits are improved, and farmers can achieve high yield and harvest.
In one embodiment, the hill is a hill; the main road obliquely reaches the top of the hillside from the foot of the hillside, the width of the main road is 4-5 m, and one end of the main road is communicated with a highway; the mechanical operation road width is 2-3 m (the whole ladder width is not less than 3m), and the mechanical operation road between two adjacent ladder surfaces is connected through the trunk road and is used for people walking and small-sized agricultural machine running operation.
As shown in fig. 3, the hill is a hill 103, a ladder 101 surrounding the hill is formed on the hill 103, the trunk road 104 obliquely reaches the top of the hill from the foot of the hill to reduce the slope of the transport vehicle ascending the hill, and the lower end of the trunk road 104 is communicated with the road. The agricultural machine travels on the machine path as indicated by the arrows in fig. 4.
In one embodiment, the preset angle is 35 °.
In one embodiment, the tread is angled slightly inwardly to reduce the scouring force of the flowing water. Wherein the angle of the tread sloping inwardly is less than 5 °.
In one embodiment, the hillside orchard mechanized work soil preparation method further comprises: according to the terrain of the whole orchard, a reservoir is arranged in a place which is favorable for collecting rainwater; and a drainage pipeline is embedded in the bottom of the water storage pool in advance, and a switch is arranged at the opening of the drainage pipeline.
Wherein, according to the topography according to whole orchard, set up great cistern as far as possible in the place that is favorable to collecting the rainwater, can accumulate more rainwater during rainy season. Drainage pipes are buried in the bottom of the water storage tank in advance, and a switch is arranged at the opening of each drainage pipe, so that water is convenient to use, and a water supply guarantee is provided for water irrigation in arid seasons, insecticide spraying in an orchard and liquid fertilization.
In one embodiment, the hillside orchard mechanized work soil preparation method further comprises: the number of the ridges and the mechanical operation channel of each ladder surface is 1, the width of each ladder surface is 3-4 m, surface layer mellow soil is planed to the outer side of each ladder surface to form the ridges when the ladder is opened, the width of each ridge is 1m, and the height of each ridge is 50-80 cm; digging soil at the planting position of the fruit tree by using an excavator, controlling the row spacing of the fruit tree to be 1.5-3.5 m, planting 1 row on the ridge surface, wherein the row is planted at a position which is less than or equal to 0.5m away from the outer wall of the ladder and more than 2.5m away from the innermost wall of the ladder, and controlling the density of the fruit tree to be every 750 plants/hm2The height of the fruit tree is controlled below 2 m.
Wherein, when the ladder is opened, the surface layer mellow soil is planed to the outer side of the ladder surface to form ridges, the planting pits are not dug, and the positions to be planted are dug to be loose by a digging machine. The tree seedlings of the fruit trees are planted in the center of the ridge and are about 0.5m away from the outer wall of the ladder, the thickness of the plough layer is increased, the root system growth is facilitated, the tree height is controlled to be below 2m, and the inner side of the tree height is a mechanical operation way of small machinery. Wherein the fruit trees are kiwifruits cultivated in an arborization manner, and the cultivation plant spacing of the kiwifruits is controlled to be 1.5 m; or the fruit trees are pomelo plants, and the cultivation row spacing of the pomelo plants is controlled to be 3 m.
The planting mode of the fruit trees in the embodiment ensures that the row spacing between the fruit trees is enlarged as much as possible on the premise of not reducing the yield, and implements orchard mechanized operation.
In one embodiment, the hillside orchard mechanized work soil preparation method further comprises: and managing the soil by adopting a grass-growing cultivation mode.
In one embodiment, the managing soil by the way of growing grass comprises: planting perennial pasture or natural pasture between rows of fruit trees; keeping clear ploughing in the tree plate, keeping weeds outside the tree plate to grow, and timely mowing; wherein the mowing frequency is 2-4 times a year so as to reduce nutrition competition with fruit trees, and mowed grass is scattered and spread in an orchard for moisturizing and drought resistance.
According to the mountain orchard mechanized operation soil preparation method, the slope is less than or equal to 35 degrees according to hillside orchard construction, small agricultural machinery can be driven to the side of each fruit tree, operations such as fertilization, pesticide spraying, weeding, drought resistance and the like are facilitated, labor force is saved, cost is reduced, working efficiency is improved, and people can easily manage 66700m2A ground; can realize green organic cultivation, obtain high-yield and high-quality organic fruits and increase the yield and income of farmers.
In one embodiment, the hillside orchard mechanized work soil preparation method further comprises: the number of the ridges of each trapezoidal surface is 2, the number of the mechanical operation channels is 1, the mechanical operation channels are arranged between two ridges, the width of each trapezoidal surface is 4-6 m, surface layer mellow soil is planed to the two sides of each trapezoidal surface to form the ridges when the ladder is opened, the width of each ridge is 1m, and the height of each ridge is 50-80 cm; digging soil at the planting position of the fruit tree by using an excavator, controlling the row spacing of the fruit tree to be 1.5-3.5 m, planting 1 row on the ridge surface, and controlling the density of the fruit tree to be 750 plants/bamboo/grasshm2The height of the fruit tree is controlled below 2 m.
Wherein, when the ladder is opened, the surface layer mellow soil is planed to the outer side and the inner side of the ladder surface to form ridges, planting pits are not dug, and the positions to be planted are dug to be loose by a digging machine. The fruit tree seedlings are planted in the center of the ridge, the distance between the fruit tree seedlings and the outer wall of the ladder is about 0.5m or the distance between the fruit tree seedlings and the inner wall of the ladder is about 0.5m, the thickness of a plough layer is increased, root growth is facilitated, the tree height is controlled to be below 2m, and the inner side of the tree height is a mechanical operation channel of small machinery. Wherein the fruit trees are kiwifruits cultivated in an arborization manner, and the cultivation plant spacing of the kiwifruits is controlled to be 1.5 m; or the fruit trees are pomelo plants, and the cultivation row spacing of the pomelo plants is controlled to be 3 m.
In this embodiment, in the region that the hillside is gentler, can increase the width of terraced face, two ridges are seted up in order to reduce the density of opening the ladder to mechanical working time when reducing the ladder.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A hillside orchard mechanized operation land preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) opening a ladder on a hillside with the gradient smaller than a preset angle to form a plurality of transverse ladder surfaces, wherein the ladder surfaces are upward;
constructing a main road which intersects with the terrace from the foot of the hillside to the top of the hillside;
constructing a mechanical operation channel and a ridge on the stair surface, wherein the mechanical operation channel and the ridge extend from one end to the other end of the stair surface side by side, and the ridge surface is used for planting fruit trees;
the mechanical operation channel between the tread and the tread is connected in an S shape, and the mechanical operation channel is connected with the trunk channel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hill is a single side slope; the main road is in a zigzag shape and is 4-5 m wide, and one end of the main road is communicated with the road; mechanical operation way one end with the trunk road is connected, and the other end passes through the access connection between terraced face and the terraced face with the mechanical operation way of adjacent terraced face, mechanical operation way width 2 ~ 3m for people's walking and the operation of traveling of small-size agricultural machine.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hill is a hill; the main road obliquely reaches the top of the hillside from the foot of the hillside, the width of the main road is 4-5 m, and one end of the main road is communicated with a highway; the mechanical operation way is 2-3 m wide, and the mechanical operation way between two adjacent terraces is connected through the trunk road and is used for people's walking and the operation of traveling of small-size agricultural machinery.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said preset angle is 35 °.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the tread is angled slightly inward to reduce the scouring force of flowing water.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
according to the terrain of the whole orchard, a reservoir is arranged in a place which is favorable for collecting rainwater;
and a drainage pipeline is embedded in the bottom of the water storage pool in advance, and a switch is arranged at the opening of the drainage pipeline.
7. The method of claim 1The method is characterized by further comprising the following steps: the number of the ridges and the mechanical operation channel of each ladder surface is 1, the width of each ladder surface is 3-4 m, surface layer mellow soil is planed to the outer side of each ladder surface to form the ridges when the ladder is opened, the width of each ridge is 1m, and the height of each ridge is 50-80 cm; digging soil at the planting position of the fruit tree by using an excavator, controlling the row spacing of the fruit tree to be 1.5-3.5 m, planting 1 row on the ridge surface, wherein the row is planted at a position which is less than or equal to 0.5m away from the outer wall of the ladder, the distance between the fruit tree and the innermost wall of the ladder is more than or equal to 2.5m, and controlling the density of the fruit tree to be every 750 plants/hm2The height of the fruit tree is controlled below 2 m.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: and managing the soil by adopting a grass-growing cultivation mode.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein managing the soil using grass-grown cultivation comprises:
planting perennial pasture or natural pasture between rows of fruit trees;
keeping clear ploughing in the tree plate, keeping weeds outside the tree plate to grow, and timely mowing; wherein the mowing frequency is 2-4 times a year so as to reduce nutrition competition with fruit trees, and mowed grass is scattered and spread in an orchard for moisturizing and drought resistance.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the number of the ridges of each trapezoidal surface is 2, the number of the mechanical operation channels is 1, the mechanical operation channels are arranged between two ridges, the width of each trapezoidal surface is 4-6 m, surface layer mellow soil is planed to the two sides of each trapezoidal surface to form the ridges when the ladder is opened, the width of each ridge is 1m, and the height of each ridge is 50-80 cm; digging soil at the planting position of the fruit trees by using an excavator, controlling the row spacing of the fruit trees to be 1.5-3.5 m, planting 1 row on the ridge surface, and controlling the density of the fruit trees to be every 750 plants/hm2The height of the fruit tree is controlled below 2 m.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113498651A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-10-15 | 铜陵大一环境科技有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for mine exploitation stone wall |
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| 农业部种植业管理司，全国农业技术推广服务中心: "无公害茶园建园及优质栽培技术", 《园艺作物无公害栽培新技术》 * |
| 沈兆敏等, 金盾出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113498651A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-10-15 | 铜陵大一环境科技有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for mine exploitation stone wall |
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