CN105638370A - Apricot and wheat integrated cultivation method - Google Patents
Apricot and wheat integrated cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105638370A CN105638370A CN201610144070.3A CN201610144070A CN105638370A CN 105638370 A CN105638370 A CN 105638370A CN 201610144070 A CN201610144070 A CN 201610144070A CN 105638370 A CN105638370 A CN 105638370A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses an apricot and wheat integrated cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: intercropping configuration; variety selection; apricot cultivation; wheat cultivation. According to the method, the standardization of the popularization of high-efficiency planting technologies of fruit growers is ensured; the high-efficiency planting benefits of the fruit growers are improved; fruit grower intercropping field structures, crops and varieties which are suitable for scale planting in Kashi regions are screened by taking farmer income increment, reasonable resource sustainable use, and oasis ecological environment maintenance as cores, taking key technical problems in fruit grower intercropping field production as sally ports, and starting in the aspects of crop structures, variety matching, collaborative management of water and fertilizer, high-yield high-quality cultivation production technology and the like; a technology of the collaborative management of water and fertilizer is proposed; the quality of agricultural products is improved; the market competitiveness is strengthened; the market requirements are met; the purpose of agricultural yield and efficiency improvement is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, it relates to a kind of apricot wheat integration cultivating method.
Background technology
Genus temperate zone, Kaxgar Prefecture continental climate, light-heat water and soil resource's condition is richly endowed by nature. Sunshine time is 2800-3000 hour, and the sunshine time in 4-9 month plant growth season reaches 1560-1700 hour, account for annual sunshine total time number 56-60%; Annual total solar radiation 140-146 kilocalorie/cm2, 4-9 month total radiation 90-95 kilocalorie/cm2, account for the 64-68% of annual total radiation; Year 210-230 days frostless season, average temperature of the whole year 11.7 DEG C, year >=0 DEG C of accumulated temperature 4702 DEG C, annual precipitation 40-70mm, mainly concentrates on the 3-8 month, accounts for the 60-70% of annual quantity of precipitation; Average annual steam output is at 2000-2600mm; Day and night temperature is big, is suitable for the growth of each fruit trees, food crop and cash crop. Nearly 6,000,000 mu of existing cultivated area, 2.5 mu per capita, rural area, 2,848 ten thousand mu, herbage ground; Standby cultivated land resource 8,000,000 mu. Whole district's forest land area 5,760,000 mu, forest coverage 2.75%. Wherein forest coverage 8.4% in oasis. There is big small river 10 in the whole district, adheres to Yarkanthe River basin and Kashgar river valley separately, flow path surface 117 billion cubic meter, groundwater reserves 50 billion cubic meter, and Yarkanthe River irrigated area is one of five big irrigated areas, the whole nation.
Keshen in 2012 district actual cultivated area of winter wheat is 327.82 ten thousand mu, wherein fruit (apricot, red date, walnut etc.) agriculture (grain) cultivated area is 233.48 ten thousand mu, accounting for the 71.22% of winter wheat area, winter wheat is put down and broadcasts area is 94.33 ten thousand mu. Peasant's increasing both production and income has been played very important effect by the popularization of orchard worker's planting technology. But owing to, in Fruit tree-grain crop intercropping model, fruit tree takes up an area about 30%, decreases the cultivated area of food crop, causes crop harvesting fringe number to reduce; The normal growth that fruit tree is shaded affects food crop is grown so that Ear weight reduces, and causes crop failure; Along with the age of tree increases, will be more serious on the impact of food crop, underproduction degree strengthens.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the defect of above-mentioned technology existence, a kind of apricot wheat integration cultivating method is provided, guarantee the standardization that orchard worker's Efficient cultivation technique is promoted, improve the efficient planting benefit of orchard worker, with increasing peasant income, the reasonable sustainable utilization of resource and safeguard that Oasis Ecological Environment is core, using the key technical problem in the production of fruit tree-crop interplanting field as breach, from crop structure, variety matching, liquid manure coordinated management, start with in the aspects such as high yield and quality cultivation production technology, screening is applicable to the fruit tree-crop interplanting field structure of Kaxgar Prefecture large-scale planting, crop and kind, liquid manure coordinated management technology is proposed, improve the quality of agricultural-food, enhance one's market competitiveness, meet the demand in market, reach the object of agricultural production efficiency.
Its concrete technical scheme is:
A kind of apricot wheat integration cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: intercropping configures
Apricot seeding row spacing adopts 3-4m �� 6-8m, apricot ventilation and penetrating light band ditch width about 1.5m, wheat sown scope 4-6m;
Step 2: Fruit variety
Apricot cultivars selects Saimaiti apricot, wood sub-lattice apricot, Hu Anna apricot, and wheat breed selects the new winter No. 20; Step 3: apricot is cultivated
The selection of 3.1 soil
Select sand loam soil or loam, soil alkaline total content��0.2%, pH value between 7.0��8.0, thicker soil, organic content is abundanter, below ground water table 1.5m;
3.2 fertile, water managements
3.2.1 fertilizing management
Base manure: based on farm manure, applies after apricot is gathered or before fall foliage, adopts ditch spread, digs wide 50cm, deeply 50cm thorough cut at crown mapping place and applies, every 666.7m2Apply high-quality farm manure 3-5m3, in conjunction with bulk application, application of phosphoric acid two ammonium 20kg/666.7m simultaneously2;
Topdress:
Before blooming: use urea 10-20kg/666.7m2, diammonium phosphate 5-10kg/666.7m2;
The stone phase: apply diammonium phosphate 20-30kg/666.7m2;
Ripening stage: apply phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 15-20kg/666.7m2;
Topdress application process: digging pit in crown mapping place different azimuth or ventilation and penetrating light band and apply, dark 20��30cm, pours water after fertilising immediately;
3.2.2 pour water management
Watering period: rudiment water once, once, pour water 2-3 time winter irrigation water in conjunction with wheat, and the whole year pours water 4-5 time by period;
3.3 tree bodies are pruned
3.3.1 tree-like and structure
3.3.1.1 nature globular model
Without obvious center, leader is dry, dry high 120cm, complete stool 4-5 major branch, and major branch spacing 10-20cm is staggered, major branch stays a side shoot every 40-60cm, side shoot is equipped with branch group, or replace side shoot by large-scale branch group;
3.3.1.2 natural open centre shape
This tree-like non-stop layer is done, dry high 120cm, and complete stool is 3-4 major branch altogether, and major branch spacing 10-20cm, is evenly distributed, and major branch is equipped with side shoot, on side shoot give birth to branch group;
3.3.2 the pruning of trees in richful production period
Keep key branch extending head growth potential at different levels and spreading angle, removing too much overlapping and serious bough and the branch of excessive growth affecting illumination, to be fallen in time head to too high bough, utilizes the lower flat oblique branch of the back of the body to change head, remove withered branch, dead arm, the serious branch of disease and pest, improve local light and shine; Some are sagging, very thin, fruit-bearing shoot cluster to be retracted to new line bifurcation in time;
3.4 fruit harvesting
3.4.1 collection period
According to eating, make dry, the different purposes timely collecting of processing raw;
3.4.2 gather requirement
Gather after selecting fine day dew in morning dry; Each kind to be divided adopt, point fortune, transport to market after gathering in time or add building site; Handling with care during harvesting, cutting with scissors of way far away transport stays carpopodium to be advisable; Container of gathering should be clean, and capacity is 20��30kg;
Step 4: wheat cultivation:
4.1 broadcast front preparation
4.1.1 front water is broadcast in base fertilizer and filling
Execute the high-quality farm manure 2m that becomes thoroughly decomposed3��3m3/666.7m2, diammonium phosphate 20kg makes base fertilizer, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields before arable land, ploughs and buries;
Water before filling is broadcast in mid-September in advance in vain, clean filling amount 70m3��80m3/666.7m2; Rotation of crops ground about 10d before the winter is broadcast pours water, clean filling amount 80m3/666.7m2;
4.1.2 plough wholely
Broadcast front tilling depth 18cm��20cm, it is accurate that farmland quality reaches " dark, thin, saturating, foot " four signs, it is accurate that site preparation quality reaches " neat, flat, loose, broken, clean, moisture in the soil " six signs, soil is made to be in the state to be broadcast of " defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower ", broadcast front soil plough horizon water content, it is not less than 17%, if wanting teeming water lower than 14%;
4.2 broadcast the phase
25��October 10 September broadcasts the phase for suitable;
4.3 amounts of broadcasting and line-spacing
The amount of broadcasting 16kg/666.7m2, line-spacing is the line-spacings such as 10cm��12cm, depth of planting 4cm��5cm;
4.4 phases of turning green topdressed and pour water
The time of pouring water of topdressing is grasped flexibly, the phase of turning green every 666.7m depending on growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, soil moisture content, fertility state2Clean filling amount 50m3��60m3, before pouring water, 5d��7d adopts machinery to execute urea 10kg/666.7m2��15kg/666.7m2;
4.5 jointing stages topdressed and pour water
Every 666.7m2Clean filling amount 60m3��70m3, in conjunction with pouring water, 666.7m2Spread fertilizer over the fields urea 30kg;
4.6 irrigate in grouting time
Every 666.7m2Clean filling amount 80m3;
4.7 wheat yellow waters
Every 666.7m2Clean filling amount 70m3��80m3;
4.8 gather in the crops in good time
Mechanical harvest is carried out in time cured ripe latter stage at wheat.
Further, described cultivating method realizes apricot (best fruiting period) 1500kg/666.7m2(fresh), winter wheat 300kg-350kg/666.7m2��
Compared with prior art, the useful effect of the present invention:
The present invention guarantees the standardization that orchard worker's Efficient cultivation technique is promoted, improve the efficient planting benefit of orchard worker, taking increasing peasant income, the reasonable sustainable utilization of resource with safeguard that Oasis Ecological Environment is as core, using the key technical problem in the production of fruit tree-crop interplanting field as breach, start with from aspects such as crop structure, variety matching, liquid manure coordinated management, high yield and quality cultivation production technologies, screen the fruit tree-crop interplanting field structure, crop and the kind that are applicable to Kaxgar Prefecture large-scale planting; Liquid manure coordinated management technology is proposed; Improve the quality of agricultural-food, enhance one's market competitiveness, meet the demand in market, reach the object of agricultural production efficiency.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments, the technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail.
A kind of apricot wheat integration cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: intercropping configures
Apricot seeding row spacing adopts 3-4m �� 6-8m, apricot ventilation and penetrating light band ditch width about 1.5m, wheat sown scope 4-6m;
Step 2: Fruit variety
Apricot cultivars selects Saimaiti apricot, wood sub-lattice apricot, Hu Anna apricot, and wheat breed selects the new winter No. 20;
Step 3: apricot is cultivated
The selection of 3.1 soil
Select sand loam soil or loam, soil alkaline total content��0.2%, pH value between 7.0��8.0, thicker soil, organic content is abundanter, below ground water table 1.5m;
3.2 fertile, water managements
3.2.1 fertilizing management
Base manure: based on farm manure, applies after apricot is gathered or before fall foliage, adopts ditch spread, digs wide 50cm, deeply 50cm thorough cut at crown mapping place and applies, every 666.7m2Apply high-quality farm manure 3-5m3, in conjunction with bulk application, application of phosphoric acid two ammonium 20kg/666.7m simultaneously2;
Topdress:
Before blooming: use urea 10-20kg/666.7m2, diammonium phosphate 5-10kg/666.7m2;
The stone phase: apply diammonium phosphate 20-30kg/666.7m2;
Ripening stage: apply phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 15-20kg/666.7m2;
Topdress application process: digging pit in crown mapping place different azimuth or ventilation and penetrating light band and apply, dark 20��30cm, pours water after fertilising immediately;
3.2.2 pour water management
Watering period: rudiment water once, once, pour water 2-3 time winter irrigation water in conjunction with wheat, and the whole year pours water 4-5 time by period;
3.3 tree bodies are pruned
3.3.1 tree-like and structure
3.3.1.1 nature globular model
Without obvious center, leader is dry, dry high 120cm, complete stool 4-5 major branch, and major branch spacing 10-20cm is staggered, major branch stays a side shoot every 40-60cm, side shoot is equipped with branch group, or replace side shoot by large-scale branch group;
3.3.1.2 natural open centre shape
This tree-like non-stop layer is done, dry high 120cm, and complete stool is 3-4 major branch altogether, and major branch spacing 10-20cm, is evenly distributed, and major branch is equipped with side shoot, on side shoot give birth to branch group;
3.3.2 the pruning of trees in richful production period
Keep key branch extending head growth potential at different levels and spreading angle, removing too much overlapping and serious bough and the branch of excessive growth affecting illumination, to be fallen in time head to too high bough, utilizes the lower flat oblique branch of the back of the body to change head, remove withered branch, dead arm, the serious branch of disease and pest, improve local light and shine; Some are sagging, very thin, fruit-bearing shoot cluster to be retracted to new line bifurcation in time;
3.4 fruit harvesting
3.4.1 collection period
According to eating, make dry, the different purposes timely collecting of processing raw;
3.4.2 gather requirement
Gather after selecting fine day dew in morning dry; Each kind to be divided adopt, point fortune, transport to market after gathering in time or add building site; Handling with care during harvesting, cutting with scissors of way far away transport stays carpopodium to be advisable; Container of gathering should be clean, and capacity is 20��30kg;
Step 4: wheat cultivation
4.1 broadcast front preparation
4.1.1 front water is broadcast in base fertilizer and filling
Execute the high-quality farm manure 2m that becomes thoroughly decomposed3��3m3/666.7m2, diammonium phosphate 20kg makes base fertilizer, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields before arable land, ploughs and buries;
In vain in advance in 9 months sentence fill with broadcast before water, clean filling amount 70m3��80m3/666.7m2; Rotation of crops ground about 10d before the winter is broadcast pours water, clean filling amount 80m3/666.7m2;
4.1.2 plough wholely
Broadcast front tilling depth 18cm��20cm, it is accurate that farmland quality reaches " dark, thin, saturating, foot " four signs, it is accurate that site preparation quality reaches " neat, flat, loose, broken, clean, moisture in the soil " six signs, soil is made to be in the state to be broadcast of " defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower ", broadcast front soil plough horizon water content, it is not less than 17%, if wanting teeming water lower than 14%;
4.2 broadcast the phase
25��October 10 September broadcasts the phase for suitable;
4.3 amounts of broadcasting and line-spacing
The amount of broadcasting 16kg/666.7m2, line-spacing is the line-spacings such as 10cm��12cm, depth of planting 4cm��5cm;
4.4 phases of turning green topdressed and pour water
The time of pouring water of topdressing is grasped flexibly, the phase of turning green every 666.7m depending on growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, soil moisture content, fertility state2Clean filling amount 50m3��60m3, before pouring water, 5d��7d adopts machinery to execute urea 10kg/666.7m2��15kg/666.7m2;
4.5 jointing stages topdressed and pour water
Every 666.7m2Clean filling amount 60m3��70m3, in conjunction with pouring water, 666.7m2Spread fertilizer over the fields urea 30kg;
4.6 irrigate in grouting time
Every 666.7m2Clean filling amount 80m3;
4.7 wheat yellow waters
Every 666.7m2Clean filling amount 70m3��80m3;
4.8 gather in the crops in good time
Mechanical harvest is carried out in time cured ripe latter stage at wheat.
Further, described cultivating method realizes apricot (best fruiting period) 1500kg/666.7m2(fresh), winter wheat 300kg-350kg/666.7m2��
The above; it is only the present invention's preferably embodiment; protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; any being familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope of present disclosure, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and are all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. an apricot wheat integration cultivating method, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: intercropping configures
Apricot seeding row spacing adopts 3-4m �� 6-8m, apricot ventilation and penetrating light band ditch width 1.5m, wheat sown scope 4-6m;
Step 2: Fruit variety
Apricot cultivars selects Saimaiti apricot, wood sub-lattice apricot, Hu Anna apricot, and wheat breed selects the new winter No. 20;
Step 3: apricot is cultivated
The selection of 3.1 soil
Select sand loam soil or loam, soil alkaline total content��0.2%, pH value between 7.0��8.0, thicker soil, organic content is abundanter, below ground water table 1.5m;
3.2 fertile, water managements
3.2.1 fertilizing management
Base manure: based on farm manure, applies after apricot is gathered or before fall foliage, adopts ditch spread, digs wide 50cm, deeply 50cm thorough cut at crown mapping place and applies, every 666.7m2Apply high-quality farm manure 3-5m3, in conjunction with bulk application, application of phosphoric acid two ammonium 20kg/666.7m simultaneously2;
Topdress:
Before blooming: use urea 10-20kg/666.7m2, diammonium phosphate 5-10kg/666.7m2;
The stone phase: apply diammonium phosphate 20-30kg/666.7m2;
Ripening stage: apply phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 15-20kg/666.7m2;
Topdress application process: digging pit in crown mapping place different azimuth or ventilation and penetrating light band and apply, dark 20��30cm, pours water after fertilising immediately;
3.2.2 pour water management
Watering period: rudiment water once, once, pour water 2-3 time winter irrigation water in conjunction with wheat, and the whole year pours water 4-5 time by period;
3.3 tree bodies are pruned
3.3.1 tree-like and structure
3.3.1.1 nature globular model
Without obvious center, leader is dry, dry high 120cm, complete stool 4-5 major branch, and major branch spacing 10-20cm is staggered, major branch stays a side shoot every 40-60cm, side shoot is equipped with branch group, or replace side shoot by large-scale branch group;
3.3.1.2 natural open centre shape
This tree-like non-stop layer is done, dry high 120cm, and complete stool is 3-4 major branch altogether, and major branch spacing 10-20cm, is evenly distributed, and major branch is equipped with side shoot, on side shoot give birth to branch group;
3.3.2 the pruning of trees in richful production period
Keep key branch extending head growth potential at different levels and spreading angle, removing too much overlapping and serious bough and the branch of excessive growth affecting illumination, to be fallen in time head to too high bough, utilizes the lower flat oblique branch of the back of the body to change head, remove withered branch, dead arm, the serious branch of disease and pest, improve local light and shine; Some are sagging, very thin, fruit-bearing shoot cluster to be retracted to new line bifurcation in time;
3.4 fruit harvesting
3.4.1 collection period
According to eating, make dry, the different purposes timely collecting of processing raw;
3.4.2 gather requirement
Gather after selecting fine day dew in morning dry; Each kind to be divided adopt, point fortune, transport to market after gathering in time or add building site; Handling with care during harvesting, cutting with scissors of way far away transport stays carpopodium to be advisable; Container of gathering should be clean, and capacity is 20��30kg;
Step 4: wheat cultivation
4.1 broadcast front preparation
4.1.1 front water is broadcast in base fertilizer and filling
Execute the high-quality farm manure 2m that becomes thoroughly decomposed3��3m3/666.7m2, diammonium phosphate 20kg makes base fertilizer, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields before arable land, ploughs and buries;
Water before filling is broadcast in mid-September in advance in vain, clean filling amount 70m3��80m3/666.7m2; Rotation of crops ground 10d before the winter is broadcast pours water, clean filling amount 80m3/666.7m2;
4.1.2 plough wholely
Broadcast front tilling depth 18cm��20cm, broadcast front soil plough horizon water content, be not less than 17%, if wanting teeming water lower than 14%;
4.2 broadcast the phase
25��October 10 September broadcasts the phase for suitable;
4.3 amounts of broadcasting and line-spacing
The amount of broadcasting 16kg/666.7m2, line-spacing is the line-spacings such as 10cm��12cm, depth of planting 4cm��5cm;
4.4 phases of turning green topdressed and pour water
The time of pouring water of topdressing is grasped flexibly, the phase of turning green every 666.7m depending on growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, soil moisture content, fertility state2Clean filling amount 50m3��60m3, before pouring water, 5d��7d adopts machinery to execute urea 10kg/666.7m2��15kg/666.7m2;
4.5 jointing stages topdressed and pour water
Every 666.7m2Clean filling amount 60m3��70m3, in conjunction with pouring water, 666.7m2Spread fertilizer over the fields urea 30kg;
4.6 irrigate in grouting time
Every 666.7m2Clean filling amount 80m3;
4.7 wheat yellow waters
Every 666.7m2Clean filling amount 70m3��80m3;
4.8 gather in the crops in good time
Mechanical harvest is carried out in time cured ripe latter stage at wheat.
2. apricot wheat according to claim 1 integration cultivating method, it is characterised in that, described cultivating method realizes apricot 1500kg/666.7m2, winter wheat 300kg-350kg/666.7m2��
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| CN201610144070.3A CN105638370A (en) | 2016-03-14 | 2016-03-14 | Apricot and wheat integrated cultivation method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106856955A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-20 | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of jujube-wheat integrated cultivation method |
| CN107041222A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-08-15 | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method |
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| US7634869B1 (en) * | 2001-01-02 | 2009-12-22 | Williams Jr Marvin J | Combined intercropping and mulching method |
| CN101766089A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2010-07-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Wheat cultivation method under apricot tree, wheat composite cultivation mode |
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| US7634869B1 (en) * | 2001-01-02 | 2009-12-22 | Williams Jr Marvin J | Combined intercropping and mulching method |
| CN101766089A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2010-07-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Wheat cultivation method under apricot tree, wheat composite cultivation mode |
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| 张宏芝 等: "杏麦间作模式下小麦光合速率、叶绿素荧光及产量对追氮量和播种密度的响应", 《麦类作物学报》 * |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106856955A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-20 | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of jujube-wheat integrated cultivation method |
| CN107041222A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-08-15 | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method |
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